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| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Sex and Friendship in Baboons Barbara B. Smuts, 2017-09-29 Those who have been privileged to watch baboons long enough to know them as individuals and who have learned to interpret some of their more subtle interactions will attest that the rapid flow of baboon behavior can at times be overwhelming. In fact, some of the most sophisticated and influential observation methods for sampling vertebrate social behavior grew out of baboon studies, invented by scientists who were trying to cope with the intricacies of baboon behavior. Barbara Smuts' eloquent study of baboons reveals a new depth to their behavior and extends the theories needed to account for it.While adhering to the most scrupulous methodological strictures, the author maintains an open research strategy--respecting her subjects by approaching them with the open mind of an ethnographer and immersing herself in the complexities of baboon social life before formulating her research design, allowing her to detect and document a new level of subtlety in their behavior. At the Gilgil site, described in this book, she could stroll and sit within a few feet of her subjects. By maintaining such proximity she was able to watch and listen to intimate exchanges within the troop; she was able, in other words, to shift the baboons well along the continuum from subject to informant. By doing so she has illuminated new networks of special relationships in baboons. This empirical contribution accompanies theoretical insights that not only help to explain many of the inconsistencies of previous studies but also provide the foundation for a whole new dimension in the study of primate behavior: analysis oft he dynamics of long-term, intimate relationships and their evolutionary significance.At every stage of research human observers have underestimated the baboon. These intelligent, curious, emotional, and long-lived creatures are capable of employing stratagems and forming relationships that are not easily detected by traditional research methods. In the process |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Teaching Peace J. Denny Weaver, 2003 This book opens a new frontier in understanding nonviolence. Discussions of peace and nonviolence usually focus on either moral theory or practical dimensions of applying nonviolence in conflict situations. Teaching Peace carries the discussion of nonviolence beyond ethics and into the rest of the academic curriculum. This book isn't just for religion or philosophy teachers--it is for all educators. Teaching Peace begins with a discussion rooted in Christian theology, where nonviolence is so central and important. But it is clear that there are other paths to nonviolence, and that one certainly doesn't have to be a Christian to practice nonviolence. The pieces that follow, therefore, show how a nonviolent perspective impacts disciplines across the curriculum--from acting, to biology, to mathematics, to psychology. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Understanding Faith Stephen R.L. Clark, 2011-12-12 Militant atheists often mirror the worst kind of ignorance and hostility that they condemn in traditional believers. Writing both as a philosopher and an Anglican Christian, Professor Clark explores this initial perception, considering such topics as the alleged openness of ‘scientists' compared with the ‘dogmatism' of ‘believers’; the difficulty of reading ‘scripture’ outside ‘the community of faith’ that has selected and elaborated it; the problems of moral realism (and the problem with abandoning it); why Darwinian and neo-Darwinian Theory has been unpopular with some believers, and what if anything can still be affirmed from it; what can be learnt from modern biology (especially) about our relations with other creatures; the nature of God; the metaphor of ‘waking up’ as applied to our hopes of heaven; the varieties of possible world orders founded on differing religious schemata (including some atheistical ones); and the place of religion in the State. He concludes, appropriately, with some remarks about the End. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: The Case Against Women Raising Children Kathleen A. Ryan Carlsson, 2002-03-08 For information about the book go to www.GroenendaelPress.com. Evolution and culture produce a body and mind to suit a creatures role in the world. Whether care of the young is provided by males, females or both, each species has evolved caregiver traits suited to that task. The result is caring- women and provider-men. In other words you are what you do. However, with the honing of each trait, a creature pays a price. In the case of a woman who specialized her body and mind to childcare, the price was a failure to develop skill at financial self sufficiency and individual direction, which in turn made it more likely that such a woman will live in a subordinate relationship. Women as primary parents perpetuated gender roles. Women internalized this definition of themselves, and they became somewhat comfortable with it. Even when they wanted more power over their lives, they found themselves trapped from within. But, human beings have also evolved the trait of educability. We can learn. We can choose the direction in which we develop our abilities and traits. The case against women raising children is the case for parents raising children. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective Adrienne E. Strong, Richard Powis, 2024-08-19 This fully updated new edition of Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective carefully introduces and responds to changes in anthropological approaches to and perspectives on gender. With two new editors and new authors from the Global South and underrepresented communities, it combines theoretically and ethnographically based chapters to examine gender roles and ideology around the world. The books is divided thematically into five parts, with the editors opening each section with a succinct introduction to the principal issues. The book retains some of the classic chapters while offering new contributions and extended discussions throughout on methodology. It also has entirely new contributions that reflect more recent developments in the discipline, including more emphasis on LGBTQ+ communities, COVID, and migration. This new edition also features additional support for teaching and learning, including a film list and discussion questions, that are now offered as supplemental online materials. The eighth edition of Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective continues to be an essential resource for undergraduate and graduate students encountering the anthropology of gender for the first time. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Being at Work Lloyd E. Sandelands, 2014-04-10 Lloyd E. Sandelands unites the metaphysics of Aristotle and Aquinas and the social teachings of the Catholic Church to describe how business leaders can help people in their organizations become more truly and fully human. Being at Work is a much-needed marriage of metaphysical philosophy and managerial common sense. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Annual Editions Elvio Angeloni, 2006-10 This [book] contains a variety of articles on contemporary issues in social and cultural anthropology. In contrast to the broad range of topics and minimum depth typical of standard textbooks, this anthology provides an opportunity to read firsthand accounts by anthropologists of their own research ... The articles have been chosen ... for the purpose of supplementing the standard textbook in cultural anthropology that is used in introductory classes.-Pref. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: A Natural History of Peace Thomas Gregor, 1996 A stimulating and innovative consideration of the concept, causes, and practice of peace in societies both ancient and modern, human and primate. We know a great deal about aggression, conflict, and war, but relatively little about peace, partially because it has been such a scarce phenomenon throughout history and in our own times. Peace is more than the absence of war. Peace requires special relationships, structures, and attitudes to promote and protect it. A Natural History of Peace provides the first broadly interdisciplinary examination of peace as viewed from the perspectives of social anthropology, primatology, archeology, psychology, political science, and economics. Among other notable features, this volume offers: a major theory concerning the evolution of peace and violence through human history; an in-depth comparative study of peaceful cultures with the goal of discovering what it is that makes them peaceful; one of the earliest reports of a new theory of the organization and collapse of ancient Maya civilization; a comparative examination of peace from the perspective of change, including the transition of one of the world's most violent societies to a relatively peaceful culture, and the decision-making process of terrorists who abandon violence; and a theory of political change that sees the conclusion of wars as uniquely creative periods in the evolution of peace among modern nations. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: For the Love of a Dog Patricia McConnell, Ph.D., 2009-07-22 The renowned author of The Other End of the Leash “sheds new light on the emotional lives of animals” (The Washington Post) in this thoughtful and engaging exploration of man’s best friend. “Compelling . . . a wonderful blend of scientific knowledge, stories about real dogs and their behavior, and scenes from the author’s life with her own dogs . . . [For the Love of a Dog] will make you think—but it will also touch your heart.”—Associated Press For those of us who deeply cherish our dogs but are often baffled by their behavior, For the Love of a Dog is a revelation—offering dog owners everywhere a new understanding of the complex web of emotions that sometimes bind, and other times damage, our relationship with dogs. As animal behaviorist and zoologist Dr. Patricia McConnell tells us in this remarkable book, more and more scientists accept the premise that dogs have rich emotional lives, exhibiting a wide range of feelings, including fear, anger, surprise, sadness, and love. McConnell suggests that dogs express emotions in ways similar to humans, and shows us how to read the more subtle expressions hidden behind fuzzy faces and floppy ears. Those who consider their dogs part of the family will find For the Love of a Dog engaging, enlightening, and utterly engrossing. Packed with informed speculation and intriguing accounts of man’s best friend at his worst and at his very best, this book is a treasure trove that will teach us how to have a richer, more rewarding relationship with our dogs. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: The Lives of Animals J. M. Coetzee, Amy Gutmann, 1999 Discusses animal rights through essays, fiction, and fables from a variety of perspectives in fields such as philosophy, religion, and science |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: When Species Meet Donna J. Haraway, 2013-11-30 In 2006, about 69 million U.S. households had pets, giving homes to around 73.9 million dogs, 90.5 million cats, and 16.6 million birds, and spending more than 38 billion dollars on companion animals. As never before in history, our pets are truly members of the family. But the notion of “companion species”—knotted from human beings, animals and other organisms, landscapes, and technologies—includes much more than “companion animals.” In When Species Meet, Donna J. Haraway digs into this larger phenomenon to contemplate the interactions of humans with many kinds of critters, especially with those called domestic. At the heart of the book are her experiences in agility training with her dogs Cayenne and Roland, but Haraway’s vision here also encompasses wolves, chickens, cats, baboons, sheep, microorganisms, and whales wearing video cameras. From designer pets to lab animals to trained therapy dogs, she deftly explores philosophical, cultural, and biological aspects of animal–human encounters. In this deeply personal yet intellectually groundbreaking work, Haraway develops the idea of companion species, those who meet and break bread together but not without some indigestion. “A great deal is at stake in such meetings,” she writes, “and outcomes are not guaranteed. There is no assured happy or unhappy ending-socially, ecologically, or scientifically. There is only the chance for getting on together with some grace.” Ultimately, she finds that respect, curiosity, and knowledge spring from animal–human associations and work powerfully against ideas about human exceptionalism. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: New Scientist , 1986 |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: New Scientist and Science Journal , 1986-07 |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Physical Anthropology 02/03 Elvio Angeloni, 2002 |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Physical Anthropology Elvio Angeloni, 1994 |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Psychology, Fourth Edition Peter O. Gray, 2002 The new edition of Gray's acclaimed text, featuring dramatic new coverage of sensation and perception and new media tools that actively involve students in psychological research. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Women and Men Nancy Bonvillain, 2020-03-20 This book is a cross-cultural study of gender roles and relationships focusing on economic and material conditions as well as the ideological valuations affecting and reflecting cultural models of gender-- |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Evolution and Popular Narrative , 2019-06-07 The contributors to this volume share the assumption that popular narrative, when viewed with an evolutionary lens, offers an incisive index into human nature. In theory, narrative art could take a near infinity of possible forms. In actual practice, however, particular motifs, plot patterns, stereotypical figures, and artistic devices persistently resurface, indicating specific predilections frequently at odds with our actual living conditions. Our studies explore various media and genres to gauge the impact of our evolutionary inheritance, in interdependence with the respective cultural environments, on our aesthetic appreciation. As they suggest, research into mass culture is not only indispensable for evolutionary criticism but may also contribute to our understanding of prehistoric selection pressures that still influence modern preferences in popular narrative. Contributions by David Andrews, James Carney, Mathias Clasen, Brett Cooke, Tamás Dávid-Barrett, Tom Dolack, Kathryn Duncan, Isabel Behncke Izquierdo, Joe Keener, Alex C. Parrish, Todd K. Platts, Anna Rotkirch, Judith P. Saunders, Michelle Scalise Sugiyama, Dirk Vanderbeke, and Sophia Wege. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Primate Report , 1986 |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Among Chimpanzees Nancy J. Merrick, 2014-06-17 Foreword by Jane Goodall A former student and colleague of Jane Goodall shares stories of chimps and their heroes, and takes readers on a journey to save man’s closest relative. Unbeknownst to much of the public, chimps are in trouble: censuses show them to be extinct in four African countries and nearly so in ten others. A large percentage of the remaining populations live in unprotected, increasingly fragmented forests. When Nancy Merrick learned these startling facts in 2009, she decided it was past time to discover the extent to which chimpanzees are at risk across Africa and what can be done. Merrick had begun working with primates in 1972 as a young field assistant in Jane Goodall’s famous Gombe camp. Like the rest of the world at the time, she was swept up in the excitement of discovering the remarkable world of chimpanzees—their ability to fashion tools, their dazzling intelligence, and their complex relationships and societies. From that moment on, her human-centered worldview shifted, and she became a devoted advocate for our closest genetic relatives. When Merrick returns to Africa decades later, she’s alarmed by how much has changed. Human activity, such as agriculture and logging, has encroached on natural habitats throughout equatorial Africa, endangering chimpanzees, gorillas, and bonobos. In an effort to understand what we can do to save great apes, Merrick connects with primatologists and conservationists who are trying to protect the last great forests. Visits to some of Africa’s parks, sanctuaries, and expanding agricultural areas reveal the urgency of the problems and the inspiration of the people leading the search for solutions. Along the way, Merrick demonstrates that the best hope for chimps and other great apes lies in connecting conservation to humanitarian efforts, ensuring a healthy future for animals and humans alike. Among Chimpanzees is at once an inspiring chronicle of Merrick’s personal search to learn how chimps are faring across Africa and in captivity, a crucial eyewitness account of a very critical period in their existence, and a rousing call for us to join the efforts to be a voice for the chimpanzees, before it’s too late. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Father-Child Relations Barry S. Hewlett, 2010-09-01 Reprint. Originally published in 1992 by Walter de Gruyter, Inc. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Social Structures John Levi Martin, 2009-08-16 Social Structures is a book that examines how structural forms spontaneously arise from social relationships. Offering major insights into the building blocks of social life, it identifies which locally emergent structures have the capacity to grow into larger ones and shows how structural tendencies associated with smaller structures shape and constrain patterns of larger structures. The book then investigates the role such structures have played in the emergence of the modern nation-state. Bringing together the latest findings in sociology, anthropology, political science, and history, John Levi Martin traces how sets of interpersonal relationships become ordered in different ways to form structures. He looks at a range of social structures, from smaller ones like families and street gangs to larger ones such as communes and, ultimately, nation-states. He finds that the relationships best suited to forming larger structures are those that thrive in conditions of inequality; that are incomplete and as sparse as possible, and thereby avoid the problem of completion in which interacting members are required to establish too many relationships; and that abhor transitivity rather than assuming it. Social Structures argues that these patronage relationships, which often serve as means of loose coordination in the absence of strong states, are nevertheless the scaffolding of the social structures most distinctive to the modern state, namely the command army and the political party. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Natural History , 1986 |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Anthropology Phillip Whitten, David E. Hunter, 1993 This collection of essays lets students explore such topics as the changing role of anthropology, evolution versus natural selection, the disappearance of the Neanderthal, sex roles, human diversity, the explosion of creativity technology, and culture and language. The editors have selected works by some of today's leading anthropologists, science writers and scientists to provide students with a range of perspectives to help them understand the relevance of anthropology in this changing world. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: The International Encyclopedia of Primatology, 3 Volume Set Agustín Fuentes, 2017-04-24 The International Encyclopedia of Primatology represents the first comprehensive encyclopedic reference focusing on the behaviour, biology, ecology, evolution, genetics, and taxonomy of human and non-human primates. Represents the first comprehensive encyclopedic reference relating to primatology Features more than 450 entries covering topics ranging from the taxonomy, history, behaviour, ecology, captive management and diseases of primates to their use in research, cognition, conservation, and representations in literature Includes coverage of the basic scientific concepts that underlie each topic, along with the latest advances in the field Highly accessible to undergraduate and graduate students in primatology, anthropology, and the medical, biological and zoological sciences Essential reference for academics, researchers and commercial and conservation organizations This work is also available as an online resource at www.encyclopediaofprimatology.com |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Human Evolution and Male Aggression , |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: (Un)Stable Relations: Horses, Humans and Social Agency Lynda Birke, Kirrilly Thompson, 2017-12-12 This original and insightful book explores how horses can be considered as social actors within shared interspecies networks. It examines what we know about how horses understand us and how we perceive them, as well as the implications of actively recognising other animals as actors within shared social lives. This book explores how interspecies relationships work, using a variety of examples to demonstrate how horses and people build social lives. Considering horses as social actors presents new possibilities for improving the quality of animal lives, the human condition and human-horse relations. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Psychology Peter O. Gray, 2006-04-07 An introductory text that explores Psychology's major theories, and the evidence that supports and refutes them. This title incorporates research, helping students to probe for the purposes and biological origins of behavior - the 'whys' and 'hows' of Human Psychology. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Choice , 1986 |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Race, Monogamy, and Other Lies They Told You Agustín Fuentes, 2015-05 There are three major myths of human nature: humans are divided into biological races; humans are naturally aggressive; and men and women are truly different in behavior, desires, and wiring. In an engaging and wide-ranging narrative, Agustín Fuentes counters these pervasive and pernicious myths about human behavior. Tackling misconceptions about what race, aggression, and sex really mean for humans, Fuentes incorporates an accessible understanding of culture, genetics, and evolution, requiring us to dispose of notions of “nature or nurture.” Presenting scientific evidence from diverse fields—including anthropology, biology, and psychology—Fuentes devises a myth-busting toolkit to dismantle persistent fallacies about the validity of biological races, the innateness of aggression and violence, and the nature of monogamy and differences between the sexes. A final chapter plus an appendix provide a set of take-home points on how readers can myth-bust on their own. Accessible, compelling, and original, this book is a rich and nuanced account of how nature, culture, experience, and choice interact to influence human behavior. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Disgrace J. M. Coetzee, 2017-01-03 The provocative Booker Prize winning novel from Nobel laureate, J.M. Coetzee Compulsively readable... A novel that not only works its spell but makes it impossible for us to lay it aside once we've finished reading it. —The New Yorker At fifty-two, Professor David Lurie is divorced, filled with desire, but lacking in passion. When an affair with a student leaves him jobless, shunned by friends, and ridiculed by his ex-wife, he retreats to his daughter Lucy's smallholding. David's visit becomes an extended stay as he attempts to find meaning in his one remaining relationship. Instead, an incident of unimaginable terror and violence forces father and daughter to confront their strained relationship and the equallity complicated racial complexities of the new South Africa. 2024 marks the 25th Anniversary of the publication of Disgrace |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Routledge Handbook of Human-Animal Studies Garry Marvin, Susan McHugh, 2014-04-16 Human-animal studies is an academic field that has grown exponentially over the past decade. It explores the whys, hows, and whats of human-animal relations: why animals are represented and configured in different ways in human cultures and societies around the world; how they are imagined, experienced, and given significance; what these relationships might signify about being human; and what about these relationships might be improved for the sake of the individuals as well as the communities concerned. The Routledge Handbook of Human-Animal Studies presents a collection of original essays from artists and scholars who have established themselves internationally on the basis of specific and significant new contributions to human-animal studies. This international, interdisciplinary handbook will be of interest to students and scholars of human-animal studies, sociology, anthropology, biology, environmental studies, geography, cultural studies, history, philosophy, media studies, gender studies, literature, psychology, ethology, and visual studies. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Animals, Work, and the Promise of Interspecies Solidarity Kendra Coulter, 2016-04-29 In this thought-provoking and innovative book, Kendra Coulter examines the diversity of work done with, by, and for animals. Interweaving human-animal studies, labor theories and research, and feminist political economy, Coulter develops a unique analysis of the accomplishments, complexities, problems, and possibilities of multispecies and interspecies labor. She fosters a nuanced, multi-faceted approach to labor that takes human and animal well-being seriously, and that challenges readers to not only think deeply and differently about animals and work, but to reflect on the potential for interspecies solidarity. The result is an engaging, expansive, and path-making text. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: The Meaning of Success Jo Bostock, 2014-03-06 The Meaning of Success: Insights from Women at Cambridge makes a compelling case for a more inclusive definition of success. It argues that in order to recognise, reward and realise the talents of both women and men, a more meaningful definition of success is needed. Practical ways of achieving this are explored through interviews with female role models at the University of Cambridge. First-person stories bring alive the achievements and challenges women experience in their working lives, and the effect gender has on careers. The book stimulates a debate about how to bring about a more inclusive working environment. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Anthroquest , 1982 News of human origins, behavior, and survival. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Long Walk to Freedom Nelson Mandela, 2008-03-11 Essential reading for anyone who wants to understand history – and then go out and change it. –President Barack Obama Nelson Mandela was one of the great moral and political leaders of his time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. After his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela was at the center of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is still revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. Long Walk to Freedom is his moving and exhilarating autobiography, destined to take its place among the finest memoirs of history's greatest figures. Here for the first time, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela told the extraordinary story of his life -- an epic of struggle, setback, renewed hope, and ultimate triumph. The book that inspired the major motion picture Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Gender & Difference in a Globalizing World Frances E. Mascia-Lees, 2010 Mascia-Lees combines core components of these perspectives with insightful analyses and ethnographic examples to illusrate kow global events and transformations have molded and continue to skape gender identities, behaviors, and expectations and produce and sustain worldwide inequalities. This exemplary treatment provides a solid background to understand complex issues and to think critically about remedying uneven degrees of privilege and experiences of oppression both within and across nations. --Book Jacket. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: History and Its Limits Dominick LaCapra, 2011-02-23 Dominick LaCapra's History and Its Limits articulates the relations among intellectual history, cultural history, and critical theory, examining the recent rise of Practice Theory and probing the limitations of prevalent forms of humanism. LaCapra focuses on the problem of understanding extreme cases, specifically events and experiences involving violence and victimization. He asks how historians treat and are simultaneously implicated in the traumatic processes they attempt to represent. In addressing these questions, he also investigates violence's impact on various types of writing and establishes a distinctive role for critical theory in the face of an insufficiently discriminating aesthetic of the sublime (often unreflectively amalgamated with the uncanny). In History and Its Limits, LaCapra inquires into the related phenomenon of a turn to the postsecular, even the messianic or the miraculous, in recent theoretical discussions of extreme events by such prominent figures as Giorgio Agamben, Eric L. Santner, and Slavoj Zizek. In a related vein, he discusses Martin Heidegger's evocative, if not enchanting, understanding of The Origin of the Work of Art. LaCapra subjects to critical scrutiny the sometimes internally divided way in which violence has been valorized in sacrificial, regenerative, or redemptive terms by a series of important modern intellectuals on both the far right and the far left, including Georges Sorel, the early Walter Benjamin, Georges Bataille, Frantz Fanon, and Ernst Jünger. Violence and victimization are prominent in the relation between the human and the animal. LaCapra questions prevalent anthropocentrism (evident even in theorists of the posthuman) and the long-standing quest for a decisive criterion separating or dividing the human from the animal. LaCapra regards this attempt to fix the difference as misguided and potentially dangerous because it renders insufficiently problematic the manner in which humans treat other animals and interact with the environment. In raising the issue of desirable transformations in modernity, History and Its Limits examines the legitimacy of normative limits necessary for life in common and explores the disconcerting role of transgressive initiatives beyond limits (including limits blocking the recognition that humans are themselves animals). |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: Gender in Cross-cultural Perspective Caroline Brettell, Carolyn Fishel Sargent, 2005 For undergraduate/graduate-level courses in Anthropology of Gender, Sociology of Women, Introduction to Women's Studies, and Gender Roles. This reader introduces students to the most significant topics in the field of anthropology of gender drawing not only from classic sources, but also from the most recent, diverse literature on gender roles and ideology around the world. It takes a clear, accessible approach to the subject matter, making coverage appropriate for students from a variety of levels. |
| what are friends for barbara smuts summary: The Development and Integration of Behaviour Paul Patrick Gordon Bateson, 1991-05-30 What regularities lie behind the development and organization of behaviour in animals and humans? One theme emerging from this book is that ideas have to flow in both directions between the different levels of analysis - between the neural and behavioural levels and between the individual and the social group. Another theme is that it is not enough to identify the many factors operating in the development and integration of behaviour. The processes must also be studied directly. Bringing together work at different levels and studying behavioural dynamics require more knowledge and expertise than any one person can usually command. Links have to be made between different disciplines and specialists have to learn to work with others who speak with what at first seem to be mutually incomprehensible scientific languages. The book illustrates how this may be achieved. The themes of this book are strongly related to the approach of Robert Hinde, in whose honour the chapters were written. |
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