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| what is a normative question: The Sources of Normativity Christine M. Korsgaard, 1996-06-28 Ethical concepts are, or purport to be, normative. They make claims on us: they command, oblige, recommend, or guide. Or at least when we invoke them, we make claims on one another; but where does their authority over us - or ours over one another - come from? Christine Korsgaard identifies four accounts of the source of normativity that have been advocated by modern moral philosophers: voluntarism, realism, reflective endorsement, and the appeal to autonomy. She traces their history, showing how each developed in response to the prior one and comparing their early versions with those on the contemporary philosophical scene. Kant's theory that normativity springs from our own autonomy emerges as a synthesis of the other three, and Korsgaard concludes with her own version of the Kantian account. Her discussion is followed by commentary from G. A. Cohen, Raymond Geuss, Thomas Nagel, and Bernard Williams, and a reply by Korsgaard. |
| what is a normative question: Thinking about Causes Peter Machamer, Gereon Wolters, 2010-06-15 Emerging as a hot topic in the mid-twentieth century, causality is one of the most frequently discussed issues in contemporary philosophy. Causality has been a central concept in philosophy as well as in the sciences, especially the natural sciences, dating back to its beginning in Greek thought. David Hume famously claimed that causality is the cement of the universe. In general terms, it links eventualities, predicts the consequences of action, and is the cognitive basis for the acquisition and the use of categories and concepts in the child. Indeed, how could one answer why-questions, around which early rational thought begins to revolve, without hitting on the relationships between reason and consequence, cause and effect, or without drawing these distinctions? But a comprehensive definition of causality has been notoriously hard to provide, and virtually every aspect of causation has been subject to much debate and analysis.Thinking About Causes brings together top philosophers from the United States and Europe to focus on causality as a major force in philosophical and scientific thought. Topics addressed include: ancient Stoicism and moral philosophy; the case of sacramental causality; traditional causal concepts in Descartes; Kant on transcendental laws; the influence of J. S. Mill's politics on his concept of causation; plurality in causality; causality in modern physics; causality in economics; and the concept of free will.Taken together, the essays in this collection from the Pittsburgh -Konstanz series provide the best current thinking about causality, especially as it relates to the philosophy of science. |
| what is a normative question: The Sources of Normativity Christine M. Korsgaard, 1996-06-28 Ethical concepts are, or purport to be, normative. They make claims on us: they command, oblige, recommend, or guide. Or at least when we invoke them, we make claims on one another; but where does their authority over us - or ours over one another - come from? Christine Korsgaard identifies four accounts of the source of normativity that have been advocated by modern moral philosophers: voluntarism, realism, reflective endorsement, and the appeal to autonomy. She traces their history, showing how each developed in response to the prior one and comparing their early versions with those on the contemporary philosophical scene. Kant's theory that normativity springs from our own autonomy emerges as a synthesis of the other three, and Korsgaard concludes with her own version of the Kantian account. Her discussion is followed by commentary from G. A. Cohen, Raymond Geuss, Thomas Nagel, and Bernard Williams, and a reply by Korsgaard. |
| what is a normative question: Statistics for the Social Sciences R. Mark Sirkin, 2006 Popular in previous editions, this Third Edition continues to help build students' confidence and ability in doing statistical analysis by slowly moving from concepts that require little computational work to those that require more. Author R. Mark Sirkin once again demonstrates how statistics can be used so that students come to appreciate their usefulness rather than fear them. Statistics for the Social Sciences emphasizes the analysis and interpretation of data to give students a feel for how data interpretation is related to the methods by which the information was obtained. |
| what is a normative question: Developing Research Questions Patrick White, 2017-09-06 This no fuss, compact guide steers social science students of all levels through the complex process of conducting a research project. It explains how to break down initial ideas and broad topics into manageable questions and gives detailed guidance on how to refine these as the project progresses. With a wide range of international examples and reflective exercises, it is packed with handy tips and examples that show how to avoid common mistakes and pitfalls, and ensure that hypotheses and questions are linked with research design, methods and answers at every step. Taking readers from the start through to the final stage of answering their questions and drawing conclusions, this is an indispensable resource for research methods courses. In addition, it is highly recommended for all students undertaking an independent research project or thesis at undergraduate, postgraduate or PhD level and beyond. New to this Edition: - Includes a wider range of international examples to appeal to a global audience - More visual devices are used to summarise and illustrate the processes involved in developing research questions - Reflective exercises help students apply their knowledge and consider the issues - Increased coverage of the role of the literature review in generating and refining research questions |
| what is a normative question: Choosing Normative Concepts Matti Eklund, 2017 The concepts we use to value and prescribe (concepts like good, right, ought) are historically contingent, and we could have found ourselves with others. But what does it mean to say that some concepts are better than others for purposes of action-guiding and deliberation? What is it to choose between different normative conceptual frameworks? |
| what is a normative question: The Nature of Normativity Ralph Wedgwood, 2007-07-19 The semantics of normative thought and discourse -- Thinking about what ought to be -- Expressivism -- Causal theories and conceptual analyses -- Conceptual role semantics -- Context and the logic of 'ought' -- The metaphysics of normative facts -- The metaphysical issues -- The normativity of the intentional -- Irreducibility and causal efficacy -- Non-reductive naturalism -- The epistemology of normative belief -- The status of normative intuitions -- Disagreement and the a priori. |
| what is a normative question: Research Methods for Public Administrators Gail Johnson, 2015-05-18 As in previous editions, this highly practical book is written with beginning MPA students and practitioners in mind. It focuses on the interpretation and use of research findings, not just number crunching. It covers the entire research process, from initial questions to final report, in clear, jargon-free language, and includes numerous easy-to-understand examples and exercises that provide opportunities for concrete applications of the concepts. It is solidly grounded in public administration and recognizes both the promise and limitations of research within a political environment. Key features of the book: --It is highly practical and written to accommodate a mix of readers: those who want to become analysts, managers who will oversee research contracts, and citizens who need to know whether to believe the facts and data they read in today's news; --It minimizes the use of jargon and explains difficult concepts in clear language. Plentiful end-of-chapter exercises provide opportunities for concrete application of the concepts; --Key points are highlighted as takeaway lessons so readers are reminded about what really matters. The tough questions to ask are suggested in every chapter; --Examples and applications are used throughout the book to illustrate concepts and add topical interest; --It covers the entire research process, from initial questions to the final report. This book demystifies and makes practical the research every public administrator and policy analyst needs to do the job well. Online instructor's materials, including a Test Bank, PowerPoint slides, and a Survey and Documental Analysis (SDA) guide, are also available to adopters. |
| what is a normative question: Public Finance and Public Policy Arye L. Hillman, 2019-01-10 Revised edition of the author's Public finance and public policy, 2009. |
| what is a normative question: Criminology. An italian perspective Gianvittorio Pisapia, 2014 |
| what is a normative question: The Phenomenology of Moral Normativity William Smith, 2013-02-28 Why should I be moral? Philosophers have long been concerned with the legitimacy of morality’s claim on us—especially its ostensible aim to motivate certain actions of all persons unconditionally. This problem of moral normativity has received extensive treatment in analytic moral theory, but little attention has been paid to the potential contribution that phenomenology might make to this central debate in metaethics. In The Phenomenology of Moral Normativity, William H. Smith takes up the question of morality’s legitimacy anew, drawing contemporary moral philosophers into conversation with the phenomenological philosophy of Husserl, Heidegger, and Levinas. Utilizing a two-part account of moral normativity, Smith contends that the ground of morality itself is second-personal—rooted in the ethical demand intrinsic to other persons —while the ground for particular moral-obligations is first-personal—rooted in the subject’s avowal or endorsement of certain moral norms within a concrete historical situation. Thus, Smith argues, phenomenological analysis allows us to make sense of an idea that has long held intuitive appeal, but that modern moral philosophy has been unable to render satisfactorily: namely, that the normative source of valid moral claims is simply other persons and what we owe to them. |
| what is a normative question: Nietzsche on Morality and the Affirmation of Life Daniel Came, 2022 This volume brings together a number of new essays by leading Nietzsche scholars to examine the philosopher's famous critique of morality and his emphasis on life-affirming values. |
| what is a normative question: Normativity and Agency Tamar Schapiro, Kyla Ebels-Duggan, Sharon Street, 2022-07-14 Christine M. Korsgaard has had a profound influence on moral philosophy over the past forty years. Through her writing and teaching she has developed a distinctive, rigorous, and historically informed way of thinking about ethics, agency, and the normative dimension of human life more generally. The twelve original essays in this volume are written in her honor on the occasion of her retirement from teaching. They engage questions that recur in her work: Why are we obligated to do what morality demands? What features of our nature make us subject to moral obligation? What does it mean to be autonomous and responsible for what we do? What do we owe to nonhuman animals? Contributors include Stephen Darwall, Kyla Ebels-Duggan, Barbara Herman, Richard Moran, Japa Pallikkathayil, Faviola Rivera-Castro, T.M. Scanlon, Tamar Schapiro, Sharon Street, David Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, and David Velleman. These essays shed light on Korsgaard's own views while staking out provocative new positions on the topics that feature centrally in her own work. |
| what is a normative question: Microeconomics I: For University of Delhi , |
| what is a normative question: Philosophy of Emotion Christine Tappolet, 2022-11-28 In this book, Christine Tappolet offers readers a thorough, wide-ranging, and highly accessible introduction to the philosophy of emotions. It covers recent interdisciplinary debates on the nature of emotions as well as standard theories of emotions, such as feeling theories, motivational theories, and evaluative theories. The book includes discussions of the alleged irrationality of emotions, and looks into the question of whether emotions could not, in some cases, contribute positively to theoretical and practical rationality. In addition, the role of emotions in the theory of virtues and the theory of values receives a detailed treatment. Finally, the book turns to the question of how we can regulate and even educate our emotions by engaging with music and with narrative art. The overall picture of emotions that emerges is one that does justice to the central role that emotions play in our lives, conceiving of emotions as crucial to our grasp of values. As an opinionated introduction, the book doesn’t pretend to be neutral but aims to engage readers in contemporary debates. Each chapter closes with questions for further discussion and suggestions for further reading. Key Features: Written for advanced undergraduates, suitable as the main text in a philosophy of emotion course or as a complement to a set of primary readings Includes useful features for student readers like introductions, study questions, and suggestions for further reading in each chapter Considers whether emotions interfere with our reasoning or whether they can, in some cases, help us to be more rational Argues against basic emotion theory and social constructionism that emotions are both shaped by biological forces and social forces Discusses a variety of subjectivist and objectivist approaches, which share the assumption that emotions and values are closely connected. |
| what is a normative question: Bergson, Politics, and Religion Alexandre Lefebvre, Melanie White, 2012-07-16 Bergson, Politics, and Religion examines the political and religious dimensions of the work of philosopher Henri Bergson. Although best known for his ideas on the nature of time, memory, and evolution, in his final book—The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (1932)—Bergson turned his attention to questions of war, moral duty, and spirituality. The essays in this volume reflect on Bergson as a distinctly political thinker and revitalize his ideas for contemporary political philosophy. Contributors include Keith Ansell-Pearson, Claire Colebrook, Leonard Lawlor, Paola Marrati, Philippe Soulez, and Frédéric Worms. |
| what is a normative question: Price Theory And Applications (Tenth Edition) Steven E. Landsburg, 2024-03-22 Price Theory and Applications challenges students to master the economic way of understanding the world, with equal emphasis on intuition and precise logic, and special emphasis on the interplay between them. The writing is inviting, humorous, and sometimes folksy, without sacrificing the insistence that arguments need to be airtight. Important concepts are introduced via entertaining examples and fleshed out with rigor.The learning experience is supported by a vast number of intriguing and entertaining exhibits, examples, numerical exercises, and problem sets, some integrated within the text and others included at the end of chapters. The problems vary widely in their demands on students — some are straightforward applications of the theory, while others require a great deal of creativity and a willingness to think considerably outside the box. |
| what is a normative question: The Value of Suicide Eric v.d. Luft, 2012-12-05 Philosophical examination of the ontology and ethics of suicide, i.e., what suicide is from the perspective of being and what the effects of suicide are in the world when it is morally permitted. |
| what is a normative question: The Rationality of Love Hichem Naar, 2022 Hichem Naar argues for the rationality of love: it belongs to the class of responses, such as belief and action, that are subject to norms of justification and rationality. There are reasons to love others, reasons provided by the unique value of each individual. |
| what is a normative question: Ethics and Technology Herman T. Tavani, 2011 Offering insights and coverage of the field of cyberethics, this book introduces readers to issues in computer ethics. The author combines his years of experience in the field with coverage of concepts and real-world case studies. |
| what is a normative question: Microeconomics: Theory and Applications, 3rd Edition Dwivedi D.N., 2016 Microeconomics: Theory and Applications provides a comprehensive and authentic text on the theory and applications of microeconomics. The book has been thoroughly revised with new chapters and sections added at appropriate places and meets the study requirements of regular students of microeconomics and of those preparing for competitive examinations. An effort has been made to present microeconomic theories lucidly and comprehensively and to delineate the application of microeconomic theories to business decision-making and to analyse the economic effects of indirect taxes, subsidy and pricing policies of the government. Key Features • Coverage of all topics taught in Indian universities and business schools • Complex theories are explained with self-explanatory diagrams • Plenty of numerical problems • Questions from various universitiy question papers are given at the end of each chapter New in this Edition • More examples and mathematical treatment of economic theories • Substantial revision and updating of several chapters • Two additional chapters: (i) Application of Competitive Market Theory, (ii) Theory of Sales Maximization and Game Theory |
| what is a normative question: Lyotard Pradeep Dhillon, Paul Standish, 2006-04-14 Following Lyotard's death in 1998, this book provides an exploration of the recurrent theme of education in his work. It brings to a wider audience the significance of a body of thought about education that is subtle, profound and still largely unexplored. This book also makes an important contribution to contemporary debates on postmoderism and education. |
| what is a normative question: Justifying Contract in Europe Martijn W. Hesselink, 2021-06-22 This title explores the normative foundations of European contract law. It addresses fundamental political questions on contract law in Europe from the perspective of leading contemporary political theories. Does the law of contract need a democratic basis? To what extent should it be Europeanised? What justifies the binding force of contract and the main remedies for breach? When should weaker parties be protected? Should market transactions be considered legally void when they are immoral? Which rules of contract law should the parties be free to opt out of? Adopting a critical lens, this book interrogates utilitarian, liberal-egalitarian, libertarian, communitarian, civic republican, and discourse-theoretical political philosophies and analyses the answers they provide to these questions. It also situates these theoretical debates within the context of the political landscape of European contract law and the divergent views expressed by lawmakers, legal academics, and other stakeholders. This work moves beyond the acquis positivism, market reductionism, and private law essentialism that tend to dominate these conversations and foregrounds normative complexity. It explores the principles and values behind various arguments used in the debates on European contract law and its future to highlight the normative stakes involved in the practical question of what we, as a society, should do about contract law in Europe. In so doing, it opens up democratic space for the consideration of alternative futures for contract law in the European Union, and for better justifications for those parts of the EU contract law acquis we wish to retain. |
| what is a normative question: Administrative Law Steven Cann, 2018-06-14 This title was first published in 2002. Designed to complement the first volume on administrative law which was published as part of the original series of The International Library of Essays in Law and Legal Theory, the articles contained in this volume pick up on themes dealt with in the first, while others reflect different concerns and new developments in administrative law scholarship. It offers a representative sample of the best contemporary writing in administrative law - theoretical, empirical and doctrinal. What ties all the essays in this volume together is not that they fall within the province of administrative law, but that they are all concerned with the legal framework within which government business is conducted, and government policies are pursued, by executive action. |
| what is a normative question: The Rise of the Unelected Frank Vibert, 2007-06-07 This book examines the challenge that unelected bodies such as economic regulators present to democracy, and argues that they should be seen as a new branch of government and held to account through a new separation of powers. |
| what is a normative question: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Fairness, Equity, and Justice Meng Li, David P. Tracer, 2017-09-18 This volume brings together cutting-edge research from emerging and senior scholars alike representing a variety of disciplines that bears on human preferences for fairness, equity and justice. Despite predictions derived from evolutionary and economic theories that individuals will behave in the service of maximizing their own utility and survival, humans not only behave cooperatively, but in many instances, truly altruistically, giving to unrelated others at a cost to themselves. Humans also seem preoccupied like no other species with issues of fairness, equity and justice. But what exactly is fair and how are norms of fairness maintained? How should we decide, and how do we decide, between equity and efficiency? How does the idea of fairness translate across cultures? What is the relationship between human evolution and the development of morality? The collected chapters shed light on these questions and more to advance our understanding of these uniquely human concerns. Structured on an increasing scale, this volume begins by exploring issues of fairness, equity, and justice in a micro scale, such as the neural basis of fairness, and then progresses by considering these issues in individual, family, and finally cultural and societal arenas. Importantly, contributors are drawn from fields as diverse as anthropology, neuroscience, behavioral economics, bioethics, and psychology. Thus, the chapters provide added value and insights when read collectively, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the distinct disciplines as they investigate similar research questions about prosociality. In addition, particular attention is given to experimental research approaches and policy implications for some of society's most pressing issues, such as allocation of scarce medical resources and moral development of children. Thought-provoking and informative, Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Fairness, Equity, and Justice is a valuable read for public policy makers, anthropologists, ethicists, psychologists, neuroscientists, and all those interested in these questions about the essence of human nature. |
| what is a normative question: EBOOK: LABOR ECONOMICS BORJAS, 2015-01-16 EBOOK: LABOR ECONOMICS |
| what is a normative question: The GAO Review , 1984 |
| what is a normative question: GAO Review , 1983 |
| what is a normative question: Theory of Legal Personhood Visa A. J. Kurki, 2019 This work offers a new theory of what it means to be a legal person and suggests that it is best understood as a cluster property. The book explores the origins of legal personhood, the issues afflicting a traditional understanding of the concept, and the numerous debates surrounding the topic. |
| what is a normative question: Sex and Consequences Phillip B. Levine, 2007-07-22 How do individuals change their behavior when abortion access increases? In this innovative book, economist Phillip Levine uses economic analysis to consider this question, comparing abortion to a form of insurance. Like insurance, he contends, abortion provides protection from downside risk. A pregnant woman who would otherwise give birth to an unwanted child has the option to abort. On the other hand, the availability of this option may increase the likelihood of a pregnancy in the first place. In a very restrictive abortion environment, few women would choose to have an abortion; legalizing abortion would reduce unwanted births. But if abortion becomes readily available, it may cause individuals to increase their sexual activity and/or reduce their use of contraception, Levine contends. Women will become pregnant more frequently, but will abort those pregnancies. Therefore, these abortions will not reduce unwanted births. Levine's analysis suggests that the manner in which individuals change their behavior depends on the extent to which abortion is accessible. He supports these assertions using data from both the United States and Eastern Europe, comparing areas that have restricted access to abortion services with those that have liberalized access. Using sound economic analysis, Sex and Consequences goes beyond the ideological arguments that frequently dominate the abortion debate, lending a new perspective to this controversial subject. |
| what is a normative question: Contract Theory Stephen A. Smith, 2004-03-25 This book is both an examination of, and a contribution to, our understanding of the theoretical foundations of the common law of contract. Focusing on contemporary debates in contract theory, Contract Theory aims to help readers better understand the nature and justification of the general idea of contractual obligation, as well as the nature and justification of the particular rules that make up the law of contract. The book is in three parts. Part I introduces the idea of 'contract theory', and presents a framework for identifying, classifying, and evaluating contract theories. Part II describes and evaluates the most important general theories of contract; examples include promissory theories, reliance-based theories, and economic theories. In Part III, the theoretical issues raised by the various specific doctrines that make up the law of contract (e.g., offer and acceptance, consideration, mistake, remedies, etc.) are examined in separate chapters. The legal focus of the book is the common law of the United Kingdom, but the theoretical literature discussed is international in origin; the arguments discussed are thus relevant to understanding the law of other common law jurisdictions and, in many instances, to understanding the law of civil law jurisdictions as well. |
| what is a normative question: Oxford Studies in Metaethics , 2025-05-11 Oxford Studies in Metaethics is the only publication devoted exclusively to original philosophical work in the foundations of ethics. It provides an annual selection of much of the best new scholarship being done in the field. |
| what is a normative question: How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law Kenneth R. Westphal, 2016-04-07 Kenneth R. Westphal presents an original interpretation of Hume's and Kant's moral philosophies, the differences between which are prominent in current philosophical accounts. Westphal argues that focussing on these differences, however, occludes a decisive, shared achievement: a distinctive constructivist method to identify basic moral principles and to justify their strict objectivity, without invoking moral realism nor moral anti-realism or irrealism. Their constructivism is based on Hume's key insight that 'though the laws of justice are artificial, they are not arbitrary'. Arbitrariness in basic moral principles is avoided by starting with fundamental problems of social coördination which concern outward behaviour and physiological needs; basic principles of justice are artificial because solving those problems does not require appeal to moral realism (nor to moral anti-realism). Instead, moral cognitivism is preserved by identifying sufficient justifying reasons, which can be addressed to all parties, for the minimum sufficient legitimate principles and institutions required to provide and protect basic forms of social coördination (including verbal behaviour). Hume first develops this kind of constructivism for basic property rights and for government. Kant greatly refines Hume's construction of justice within his 'metaphysical principles of justice', whilst preserving the core model of Hume's innovative constructivism. Hume's and Kant's constructivism avoids the conventionalist and relativist tendencies latent if not explicit in contemporary forms of moral constructivism. |
| what is a normative question: Statistics For Economists Linus Yamane, 2023-12-05 This first course in statistics is designed for undergraduate students. There are dozens of statistics textbooks in the market. But most of these textbooks are either pitched at a level that is too high or too low for most undergraduate students. Many use calculus and are designed for graduate students in technical fields. Others provide black box formulas without any derivations. This textbook focuses on deriving everything from first principles without using calculus or linear algebra. It is important for students to understand why they are doing what they are doing. Otherwise students cannot distinguish meaningless results from significant results. This textbook gets to the major points quickly and is thus relatively short and very accessible. |
| what is a normative question: Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age Samuel Lebens, Dani Rabinowitz, Aaron Segal, 2019-08-01 Since the classical period, Jewish scholars have drawn on developments in philosophy to enrich our understanding of Judaism. This methodology reached its pinnacle in the medieval period with figures like Maimonides and continued into the modern period with the likes of Rosenzweig. The explosion of Anglo-American/analytic philosophy in the twentieth century means that there is now a host of material, largely unexplored by Jewish philosophy, with which to explore, analyze, and develop the Jewish tradition. Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age features contributions from leading scholars in the field which investigate Jewish texts, traditions, and/or thinkers, in order to showcase what Jewish philosophy can be in an analytic age. United by the new and engaging style of philosophy, the collection explores rabbinic and Talmudic philosophy; Maimonidean philosophy; philosophical theology; and ethics and value theory. |
| what is a normative question: Communication Against Domination Max Hänska, 2021-04-12 This book tackles the philosophical challenge of bridging the gap between empirical research into communication and information technology, and normative questions of justice and how we ought to communicate with each other. It brings the question of what justice demands of communication to the center of social science research. Max Hänska undertakes expansive philosophical analysis to locate the proper place of normativity in social science research, a looming subject in light of the sweeping roles of information technologies in our social world today. The book’s first section examines metatheoretical issues to provide a framework for normative analysis, while the second applies this framework to three technological epochs: broadcast communication, the Internet and networked communications, and the increasing integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies into our communication systems. Hänska goes beyond the prevailing frameworks in the field by exploring how we answer normative questions and how our answer can change depending on our social context and the affordances of prevailing communications technologies. This book provides an essential guide for scholars as well as graduate and advanced undergraduate students of research and theory in communication, philosophy, political science, and the social sciences. |
| what is a normative question: The Laws of Scientific Change Hakob Barseghyan, 2015-08-17 This book systematically creates a general descriptive theory of scientific change that explains the mechanics of changes in both scientific theories and the methods of their assessment. It was once believed that, while scientific theories change through time, their change itself is governed by a fixed method of science. Nowadays we know that there is no such thing as an unchangeable method of science; the criteria employed by scientists in theory evaluation also change through time. But if that is so, how and why do theories and methods change? Are there any general laws that govern this process, or is the choice of theories and methods completely arbitrary and random? Contrary to the widespread opinion, the book argues that scientific change is indeed a law-governed process and that there can be a general descriptive theory of scientific change. It does so by first presenting meta-theoretical issues, divided into chapters on the scope, possibility and assessment of theory of scientific change. It then builds a theory about the general laws that govern the process of scientific change, and goes into detail about the axioms and theorems of the theory. |
| what is a normative question: A Philosophy of Freedom Lars Svendsen, 2014-10-15 Freedom of speech, religion, choice, will—humans have fought, and continue to fight, for all of these. But what is human freedom really? Taking a broad approach across metaphysics, politics, and ethics, Lars Svendsen explores this question in his engaging book, while also looking at the threats freedom faces today. Though our behaviors, thoughts, and actions are restricted by social and legal rules, deadlines, and burdens, Svendsen argues that the fundamental requirement for living a human life is the ability to be free. A Philosophy of Freedom questions how we can successfully create meaningful lives when we are estranged from the very concept of freedom. Svendsen tackles such issues as the nature of free agency and the possibility of freedom in a universe governed by natural laws. He concludes that the true definition of personal freedom is first and foremost the liberty to devote yourself to what really matters to you—to realize the true value of the life you are living. Drawing on the fascinating debates around the possibility of freedom and its limits within society, this comprehensive investigation provides an accessible and insightful overview that will appeal to academics and general readers alike. |
| what is a normative question: Writing a Successful Research Paper Stanley Chodorow, 2011-12-01 This brief, practical guide offers a clear and comprehensive strategy for conceptualizing, approaching, and executing the task of writing a research paper in the humanities and social sciences. In addition, it provides: a critical and process-oriented approach to the tasks of topic selection, formulation of the research question, thesis development, and argumentation. judiciously selected examples drawn from a broad range of disciplines. concise treatment of the aims, methods, and conventions of scholarly research, including the opportunities and pitfalls of Internet use. a wealth of conceptual and organizational tools, and more. |
What Is a Normative Question? - Reference.com
May 20, 2025 · A normative question is one that asks “what should be” rather than one that is designed to determine an objective outcome or condition, such as “how much” or “yes” or “no.” …
Empirical vs. Normative - What's the Difference? - This vs. That
Empirical and normative are two distinct approaches used in various fields of study, including philosophy, social sciences, and economics. Empirical refers to the observation and analysis …
Positive and Normative Questions | E B F 200: Introduction to ...
These are referred to as "normative" questions. For example, speaking again about minimum wage laws, a positive question would be "Do higher minimum wages cause higher rates of …
What is a normative question? | Learn English or Starve
Jul 25, 2017 · A normative question is one that asks what SHOULD be (a subjective condition) — instead of asking an objective fact (“How much is…?”) or an objective condition (Yes/No). In …
4.2. Types of Research Questions – The Craft of Sociological ...
Define empirical and normative questions and provide examples of each. Understand the differences between exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory studies and research questions.
How to formulate a research question? - Universiteit Twente
Oct 3, 2024 · Normative questions are about what is allowed or what is good. These questions should not be confused with conceptual questions or descriptive questions (see below). In …
The Normative Question, or "Why do I ought to do the things ...
May 20, 2022 · Korsgaard calls this the normative question, which, if answered, provides us reason for doing what is reasonable, or moral, to do. In her Sources of Normativity, she …
What Is a Normative Question? - Reference.com
May 20, 2025 · A normative question is one that asks “what should be” rather than one that is designed to determine an objective outcome or condition, such as “how …
Empirical vs. Normative - What's the Difference? - This vs. That
Empirical and normative are two distinct approaches used in various fields of study, including philosophy, social sciences, and economics. Empirical refers to the …
Positive and Normative Questions | E B F 200: Introduction to ...
These are referred to as "normative" questions. For example, speaking again about minimum wage laws, a positive question would be "Do higher minimum wages …
What is a normative question? | Learn English or Starve
Jul 25, 2017 · A normative question is one that asks what SHOULD be (a subjective condition) — instead of asking an objective fact (“How much is…?”) or an objective condition …
4.2. Types of Research Questions – The Craft of Sociological ...
Define empirical and normative questions and provide examples of each. Understand the differences between exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory studies and …
