Advertisement
| what is a manipulated variable: Model Predictive Control in the Process Industry Eduardo F. Camacho, Carlos A. Bordons, 2012-12-06 Model Predictive Control is an important technique used in the process control industries. It has developed considerably in the last few years, because it is the most general way of posing the process control problem in the time domain. The Model Predictive Control formulation integrates optimal control, stochastic control, control of processes with dead time, multivariable control and future references. The finite control horizon makes it possible to handle constraints and non linear processes in general which are frequently found in industry. Focusing on implementation issues for Model Predictive Controllers in industry, it fills the gap between the empirical way practitioners use control algorithms and the sometimes abstractly formulated techniques developed by researchers. The text is firmly based on material from lectures given to senior undergraduate and graduate students and articles written by the authors. |
| what is a manipulated variable: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods Mike Allen, 2017-04-11 Communication research is evolving and changing in a world of online journals, open-access, and new ways of obtaining data and conducting experiments via the Internet. Although there are generic encyclopedias describing basic social science research methodologies in general, until now there has been no comprehensive A-to-Z reference work exploring methods specific to communication and media studies. Our entries, authored by key figures in the field, focus on special considerations when applied specifically to communication research, accompanied by engaging examples from the literature of communication, journalism, and media studies. Entries cover every step of the research process, from the creative development of research topics and questions to literature reviews, selection of best methods (whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) for analyzing research results and publishing research findings, whether in traditional media or via new media outlets. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of theories and methods traditionally used in communication research, other entries discuss important trends influencing the future of that research, including contemporary practical issues students will face in communication professions, the influences of globalization on research, use of new recording technologies in fieldwork, and the challenges and opportunities related to studying online multi-media environments. Email, texting, cellphone video, and blogging are shown not only as topics of research but also as means of collecting and analyzing data. Still other entries delve into considerations of accountability, copyright, confidentiality, data ownership and security, privacy, and other aspects of conducting an ethical research program. Features: 652 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes available in choice of electronic or print formats. Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of communication research to more easily locate directly related entries. Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field of communication research; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; a Glossary introducing the terminology of the field; and a detailed Index. Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries to guide students further in their research journeys. The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References combine to provide robust search-and-browse in the e-version. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Process Control Engineering A. Ramachandro. Rao, 1993-10-21 Computer-aided instruction technology has been used here as an educational tool. A user-friendly computer software package, Process Control Engineering Teachware (PCET) is available on a diskette... - Pref. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Experimental Methods in Psychology Gustav Levine, Stanley Parkinson, 2014-03-05 This text focuses on the experimental methods and the associated terminology encountered in the research literature of psychology. Initially, the content is kept simple, so as not to distract from the information on research technique and philosophy. Interesting psychological questions from well researched areas are then examined in detail, permitting a fuller discussion of the problems encountered in specific paradigms. It is in this fashion that the book offers both methods and content. Unique features of this text include: * a detailed discussion of the process of theorizing, coupled with a close examination of psychological constructs, offers the reader an opportunity to see how psychologists think about, develop, and modify their theories, and the part played by research in changing explanations of behavior. * Although it is common for psychologists to be self-conscious in their reasoning, it is uncommon to see an analysis of the logic that they use to draw conclusions. Presenting material that is rarely verbalized but readily acknowledged by experienced researchers, the text contains an overt analysis of the logic of drawing conclusions from research. * Instructors are given a choice among 15 chapters to focus on or combine to suit the course's concentration. For example, instructors have the option of focusing on experimental psychology or a broad-based course including material on research methods in experimental, social, clinical, and applied psychology. * Courses in experimental psychology or research methods are required for every psychology major. Statistical understanding is vital for this curriculum, and this text contains a comprehensive chapter on statistics making it ideal for courses that combine statistics and experimental methods. Other important coverage includes: * an all-inclusive summary of the material found in an introductory statistics class. Although courses in research methods and experimental psychology usually have a statistics prerequisite, the students rarely remember the material when entering the research course. This text provides the instructor with the option of simply assigning the statistics information as a review, rather than repeating the lectures. If the course requirements are such as to necessitate a joint statistics and research methods course -- with the instructor lecturing on both topics -- this text could serve as the single text for the course. A helpful discussion -- accompanied by a valuable table -- demonstrates how to choose an appropriate statistic. All necessary formulas and other familiar statistical procedures -- illustrating computational steps -- are also featured. * a detailed discussion of how to develop tests for use in research. Aside from the value of this information for any researcher, it can be particularly helpful to students who are required to develop original experiments. * an elaborate discussion of methodological issues in outcome research, using smoking cessation and weight reduction programs as examples. Test bank disks for Experimental Methods in Psychology, -- free to adopters -- consist of an average of six short-answer, 11 fill-in-the-blank, and 11 multiple-choice questions for each chapter. The files are in both ASCII and Word-for-Windows formats. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Research Methods and Statistics Janie H. Wilson, Shauna W. Joye, 2016-07-21 This innovative text offers a completely integrated approach to teaching research methods and statistics by presenting a research question accompanied by the appropriate methods and statistical procedures needed to address it. Research questions and designs become more complex as chapters progress, building on simpler questions to reinforce student learning. Using a conversational style and research examples from published works, this comprehensive book walks readers through the entire research process and includes ample pedagogical support for SPSS, Excel, and APA style. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Encyclopedia of Research Design Neil J. Salkind, 2010-06-22 To request a free 30-day online trial to this product, visit www.sagepub.com/freetrial Research design can be daunting for all types of researchers. At its heart it might be described as a formalized approach toward problem solving, thinking, and acquiring knowledge—the success of which depends upon clearly defined objectives and appropriate choice of statistical tools, tests, and analysis to meet a project′s objectives. Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. Key Features Covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research Addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences Provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies Uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases Key Themes Descriptive Statistics Distributions Graphical Displays of Data Hypothesis Testing Important Publications Inferential Statistics Item Response Theory Mathematical Concepts Measurement Concepts Organizations Publishing Qualitative Research Reliability of Scores Research Design Concepts Research Designs Research Ethics Research Process Research Validity Issues Sampling Scaling Software Applications Statistical Assumptions Statistical Concepts Statistical Procedures Statistical Tests Theories, Laws, and Principles Types of Variables Validity of Scores The Encyclopedia of Research Design is the perfect instrument for new learners as well as experienced researchers to explore both the original and newest branches of the field. |
| what is a manipulated variable: The SAGE Dictionary of Statistics Duncan Cramer, Dennis Laurence Howitt, 2004-05-18 `The authors make excellent use of illustrative examples′ - Reference Reviews The SAGE Dictionary of Statistics provides students and researchers with an accessible and definitive resource to use when studying statistics in the social sciences, reading research reports and undertaking data analysis. Written by leading academics in the field of methodology and statistics, the Dictionary will be an essential study guide for the first-time researcher as well as a primary resource for more advanced study. This is a practical and concise dictionary that serves the everyday uses of statistics across the whole range of social science disciplines. It offers basic and straightforward definitions of key concepts, followed by more detailed step-by-step explanations of situating specific methods and techniques. It also contains lists of related concepts to help the user to draw connections across various fields and increase their overall understand of a specific technique. A list of key readings helps to reinforce the aim of the Dictionary as an invaluable learning resource. Designed specifically for students and those new to research, and written in a lively and engaging manner, this Dictionary is an essential reference work for students and researchers across the social sciences. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Introduction to Process Control Jose A. Romagnoli, Ahmet Palazoglu, 2020-07-14 Introduction to Process Control, Third Edition continues to provide a bridge between traditional and modern views of process control by blending conventional topics with a broader perspective of integrated process operation, control, and information systems. Updated and expanded throughout, this third edition addresses issues highly relevant to today’s teaching of process control: Discusses smart manufacturing, new data preprocessing techniques, and machine learning and artificial intelligence concepts that are part of current smart manufacturing decisions Includes extensive references to guide the reader to the resources needed to solve modeling, classification, and monitoring problems Introduces the link between process optimization and process control (optimizing control), including the effect of disturbances on the optimal plant operation, the concepts of steady-state and dynamic back-off as ways to quantify the economic benefits of control, and how to determine an optimal transition policy during a planned production change Incorporates an introduction to the modern architectures of industrial computer control systems with real case studies and applications to pilot-scale operations Analyzes the expanded role of process control in modern manufacturing, including model-centric technologies and integrated control systems Integrates data processing/reconciliation and intelligent monitoring in the overall control system architecture Drawing on the authors’ combined 60 years of teaching experiences, this classroom-tested text is designed for chemical engineering students but is also suitable for industrial practitioners who need to understand key concepts of process control and how to implement them. The text offers a comprehensive pedagogical approach to reinforce learning and presents a concept first followed by an example, allowing students to grasp theoretical concepts in a practical manner and uses the same problem in each chapter, culminating in a complete control design strategy. A vast number of exercises throughout ensure readers are supported in their learning and comprehension. Downloadable MATLAB® toolboxes for process control education as well as the main simulation examples from the book offer a user-friendly software environment for interactively studying the examples in the text. These can be downloaded from the publisher’s website. Solutions manual is available for qualifying professors from the publisher. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Plant-Wide Process Control Kelvin T. Erickson, John L. Hedrick, 1999-04-29 The complete control system engineering solution for continuous and batch manufacturing plants. This book presents a complete methodology of control system design for continuous and batch manufacturing in such diverse areas as pulp and paper, petrochemical, chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and biochemical production. Geared to practicing engineers faced with designing increasingly more sophisticated control systems in response to present-day economic and regulatory pressures, Plantwide Process Control focuses on the engineering portion of a plant automation improvement project. It features a full control design information package (Control Requirements Definition or CRD), and guides readers through all steps of the automation process-from the initial concept to design, simulation, testing, implementation, and operation. This unique and practical resource: * Integrates continuous, batch, and discrete control techniques. * Shows how to use the methodology with any automation project-existing or new, simple or complex, large or small. * Relates recent ISO and ISA standards to the discipline of control engineering. * Illustrates the methodology with a pulp-and-paper mill case study. * Incorporates numerous other examples, from single-loop controllers to multivariable controllers. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Estimating the Effects of Social Intervention Charles M. Judd, David A. Kenny, 1981-10-30 |
| what is a manipulated variable: Introduction to Process Control, Second Edition Jose A. Romagnoli, Ahmet Palazoglu, 2012-02-14 Introduction to Process Control, Second Edition provides a bridge between the traditional view of process control and the current, expanded role by blending conventional topics with a broader perspective of more integrated process operation, control, and information systems. Updating and expanding the content of its predecessor, this second edition addresses issues in today’s teaching of process control. Teaching & Learning Principles Presents a concept first followed by an example, allowing students to grasp theoretical concepts in a practical manner Uses the same problem in each chapter, culminating in a complete control design strategy Includes 50 percent more exercises Content Defines the traditional and expanded roles of process control in modern manufacturing Introduces the link between process optimization and process control (optimizing control), including the effect of disturbances on the optimal plant operation, the concepts of steady-state and dynamic backoff as ways to quantify the economic benefits of control, and how to determine an optimal transition policy during a planned production change Incorporates an introduction to the modern architectures of industrial computer control systems with real case studies and applications to pilot-scale operations Discusses the expanded role of process control in modern manufacturing, including model-centric technologies and integrated control systems Integrates data processing/reconciliation and intelligent monitoring in the overall control system architecture Web Resource The book’s website offers a user-friendly software environment for interactively studying the examples in the text. The site contains the MATLAB® toolboxes for process control education as well as the main simulation examples from the book. Access the site through the authors’ websites at www.pseonline.net and www.chms.ucdavis.edu/research/web/pse/ahmet/ Drawing on the authors’ combined 50 years of teaching experiences, this classroom-tested text is designed for chemical engineering students but is also suitable for industrial practitioners who need to understand key concepts of process control and how to implement them. The authors help readers see how traditional process control has evolved into an integrated operational environment used to run modern manufacturing facilities. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Process Dynamics and Control Dale E. Seborg, Thomas F. Edgar, Duncan A. Mellichamp, Francis J. Doyle, III, 2016-09-13 The new 4th edition of Seborg’s Process Dynamics Control provides full topical coverage for process control courses in the chemical engineering curriculum, emphasizing how process control and its related fields of process modeling and optimization are essential to the development of high-value products. A principal objective of this new edition is to describe modern techniques for control processes, with an emphasis on complex systems necessary to the development, design, and operation of modern processing plants. Control process instructors can cover the basic material while also having the flexibility to include advanced topics. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Syntax Talmy Givón, 2001 This new edition of Syntax: A functional-typological introduction is at many points radically revised. In the previous edition (1984) the author deliberately chose to de-emphasize the more formal aspects of syntactic structure, in favor of a more comprehensive treatment of the semantic and pragmatic correlates of syntactic structure. With hindsight the author now finds the de-emphasis of the formal properties a somewhat regrettable choice, since it creates the false impression that one could somehow be a functionalist without being at the same time a structuralist. To redress the balance, explicit treatment is given to the core formal properties of syntactic constructions, such as constituency and hierarchy (phrase structure), grammatical relations and relational control, clause union, finiteness and governed constructions. At the same time, the cognitive and communicative underpinning of grammatical universals are further elucidated and underscored, and the interplay between grammar, cognition and neurology is outlined. Also the relevant typological database is expanded, now exploring in greater precision the bounds of syntactic diversity. Lastly, Syntax treats synchronic-typological diversity more explicitly as the dynamic by-product of diachronic development or grammaticalization. In so doing a parallel is drawn between linguistic diversity and diachrony on the one hand and biological diversity and evolution on the other. It is then suggested that as in biology synchronic universals of grammar are exercised and instantiated primarily as constraints on development, and are thus merely the apparent by-products of universal constraints on grammaticalization. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Aspen Plus Kamal I. M. Al-Malah, 2022-10-12 ASPEN PLUS® Comprehensive resource covering Aspen Plus V12.1 and demonstrating how to implement the program in versatile chemical process industries Aspen Plus®: Chemical Engineering Applications facilitates the process of learning and later mastering Aspen Plus®, the market-leading chemical process modeling software, with step-by-step examples and succinct explanations. The text enables readers to identify solutions to various process engineering problems via screenshots of the Aspen Plus® platforms in parallel with the related text. To aid in information retention, the text includes end-of-chapter problems and term project problems, online exam and quiz problems for instructors that are parametrized (i.e., adjustable) so that each student will have a standalone version, and extra online material for students, such as Aspen Plus®-related files, that are used in the working tutorials throughout the entire textbook. The second edition of Aspen Plus®: Chemical Engineering Applications includes information on: Various new features that were embedded into Aspen Plus V12.1 and existing features which have been modified Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM), covering basic features to show how to merge customized models into Aspen Plus simulator New updates to process dynamics and control and process economic analysis since the first edition was published Vital areas of interest in relation to the software, such as polymerization, drug solubility, solids handling, safety measures, and energy saving For chemical engineering students and industry professionals, the second edition of Aspen Plus®: Chemical Engineering Applications is a key resource for understanding Aspen Plus and the new features that were added in version 12.1 of the software. Many supplementary learning resources help aid the reader with information retention. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office United States. Patent and Trademark Office, 2001 |
| what is a manipulated variable: Practical Design and Application of Model Predictive Control Nassim Khaled, Bibin Pattel, 2018-05-04 Practical Design and Application of Model Predictive Control is a self-learning resource on how to design, tune and deploy an MPC using MATLAB® and Simulink®. This reference is one of the most detailed publications on how to design and tune MPC controllers. Examples presented range from double-Mass spring system, ship heading and speed control, robustness analysis through Monte-Carlo simulations, photovoltaic optimal control, and energy management of power-split and air-handling control. Readers will also learn how to embed the designed MPC controller in a real-time platform such as Arduino®. The selected problems are nonlinear and challenging, and thus serve as an excellent experimental, dynamic system to show the reader the capability of MPC. The step-by-step solutions of the problems are thoroughly documented to allow the reader to easily replicate the results. Furthermore, the MATLAB® and Simulink® codes for the solutions are available for free download. Readers can connect with the authors through the dedicated website which includes additional free resources at www.practicalmpc.com. - Illustrates how to design, tune and deploy MPC for projects in a quick manner - Demonstrates a variety of applications that are solved using MATLAB® and Simulink® - Bridges the gap in providing a number of realistic problems with very hands-on training - Provides MATLAB® and Simulink® code solutions. This includes nonlinear plant models that the reader can use for other projects and research work - Presents application problems with solutions to help reinforce the information learned |
| what is a manipulated variable: Fourth European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, ESCAPE 4 F. A. Perris, 1994 The ESCAPE symposia address the applications of computer aids to all aspects of process engineering. The primary objective is the interchange of information on industrial needs, new technology developments and research opportunities. With industrialists and academia contibuting from all over the world, this set of proceedings provides an overview of current international computer-aided process engineering (CAPE). This book is intended for chemical and process engineers, design engineers and computer-aided specialists. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Digital Control Systems Rolf Isermann, 2013-11-11 This well-known book is an introduction to the field of digital, sampled-data control. It treats the field in depth and can be used for courses and for self study. The second edition has been completely revised and expanded with new results. The work now appears in two volumes, with Volume 2 to be published in 1989. The volumes form a unit and take the reader systematically from fundamentals to problems of real applications. The work is directed towards students of electrical and mechanical engineering, computer science (especially with a specialization on automation and control engineering), and other fields like biology, economics, space mathematics and physics. It is also directed to engineers and scientists concerned with solving concrete problems. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Advanced Chemical Process Control Morten Hovd, 2023-06-02 Advanced Chemical Process Control Bridge the gap between theory and practice with this accessible guide Process control is an area of study which seeks to optimize industrial processes, applying different strategies and technologies as required to navigate the variety of processes and their many potential challenges. Though the body of chemical process control theory is robust, it is only in recent decades that it has been effectively integrated with industrial practice to form a flexible toolkit. The need for a guide to this integration of theory and practice has therefore never been more urgent. Advanced Chemical Process Control meets this need, making advanced chemical process control accessible and useful to chemical engineers with little grounding in the theoretical principles of the subject. It provides a basic introduction to the background and mathematics of control theory, before turning to the implementation of control principles in industrial contexts. The result is a bridge between the insights of control theory and the needs of engineers in plants, factories, research facilities, and beyond. Advanced Chemical Process Control readers will also find: Detailed overview of Control Performance Monitoring (CPM), Model Predictive Control (MPC), and more Discussion of the cost benefit analysis of improved control in particular jobs Authored by a leading international expert on chemical process control Advanced Chemical Process Control is essential for chemical and process engineers looking to develop a working knowledge of process control, as well as for students and graduates entering the chemical process control field. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Predictive Control in Process Engineering Robert Haber, Ruth Bars, Ulrich Schmitz, 2012-09-19 Describing the principles and applications of single input, single output and multivariable predictive control in a simple and lively manner, this practical book discusses topics such as the handling of on-off control, nonlinearities and numerical problems. It gives guidelines and methods for reducing the computational demand for real-time applications. With its many examples and several case studies (incl. injection molding machine and waste water treatment) and industrial applications (stripping column, distillation column, furnace) this is invaluable reading for students and engineers who would wish to understand and apply predictive control in a wide variety of process engineering application areas. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors Marcos Von Sperling, 2007-03-30 Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors is the fifth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The first part of the book is devoted to the activated sludge process, covering the removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.A detailed analysis of the biological reactor (aeration tank) and the final sedimentation tanks is provided. The second part of the book covers aerobic biofilm reactors, especially trickling filters, rotating biological contractors and submerged aerated biofilters. For all the systems, the book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal |
| what is a manipulated variable: Instrument Engineers' Handbook, Volume Two Bela G. Liptak, 2018-10-08 The latest update to Bela Liptak's acclaimed bible of instrument engineering is now available. Retaining the format that made the previous editions bestsellers in their own right, the fourth edition of Process Control and Optimization continues the tradition of providing quick and easy access to highly practical information. The authors are practicing engineers, not theoretical people from academia, and their from-the-trenches advice has been repeatedly tested in real-life applications. Expanded coverage includes descriptions of overseas manufacturer's products and concepts, model-based optimization in control theory, new major inventions and innovations in control valves, and a full chapter devoted to safety. With more than 2000 graphs, figures, and tables, this all-inclusive encyclopedic volume replaces an entire library with one authoritative reference. The fourth edition brings the content of the previous editions completely up to date, incorporates the developments of the last decade, and broadens the horizons of the work from an American to a global perspective. Béla G. Lipták speaks on Post-Oil Energy Technology on the AT&T Tech Channel. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Optimization of Industrial Unit Processes Bela G. Liptak, 2020-07-09 In Optimization of Industrial Unit Processes, the term optimization means the maximizing of productivity and safety while minimizing operating costs. In a fully optimized plant, efficiency and productivity are continuously maximized while levels, temperatures, pressures, or flows float within their allowable limits. This control philosophy differs from earlier approaches - where levels and temperatures were controlled at constant values, and plant productivity was only an accidental, uncontrolled consequence of those controlled variables. With this approach, the sides of a multivariable control envelope are the various constraints while inside the envelope the process is continuously moved to maximize efficiency and productivity. Because one must understand a process before one can control it (let alone optimize it), Optimization of Industrial Unit Processes discusses the personality and characteristics of each process in term of its time constants, gains, and other unique features. This book provides information for engineers who design or operate industrial plants and who seek to increase the profitability of their plants. It recognizes that all industrial processes involve operations such as material transportation, heat transfer, and reactions. Therefore each plant consists of a combination of basic unit operations and can be optimized by maximizing the efficiency, and minimizing the operating cost, of the individual unit operations from which it is composed. Optimization of Industrial Unit Processes discusses real world processes - where pipes leak, sensors plug, and pumps cavitate - offering practical solutions to real problems. Each control system described in the book works, illustrating the state of the art in controlling a particular unit operation. This second edition reflects the continual improvement and evolution of control systems as well as anticipates future advances. Bela G. Liptak speaks on Post-Oil Energy Technology on the AT&T Tech Channel. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Blast Furnace Ironmaking Ian Cameron, Mitren Sukhram, Kyle Lefebvre, William Davenport, 2019-10-22 Blast Furnace Ironmaking: Analysis, Control, and Optimization uses a fundamental first principles approach to prepare a blast furnace mass and energy balance in ExcelTM. Robust descriptions of the main equipment and systems, process technologies, and best practices used in a modern blast furnace plant are detailed. Optimization tools are provided to help the reader find the best blast furnace fuel mix and related costs, maximize output, or evaluate other operational strategies using the ExcelTM model that the reader will develop. The first principles blast furnace ExcelTM model allows for more comprehensive process assessments than the 'rules of thumb' currently used by the industry. This book is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate science and engineering students in the fields of chemical, mechanical, metallurgical and materials engineering. Additionally, steel company engineers, process technologists, and management will find this book useful with its fundamental approach, best practices description, and perspective on the future. - Provides sample problems, answers and assignments for each chapter - Explores how to optimize the blast furnace operation while maintaining required temperatures and gas flowrates - Describes all major blast furnace equipment and best practices - Features blast furnace operating data from five continents |
| what is a manipulated variable: Process Control Béla G. Lipták, 2013-10-02 Instrument Engineers' Handbook, Third Edition: Process Control provides information pertinent to control hardware, including transmitters, controllers, control valves, displays, and computer systems. This book presents the control theory and shows how the unit processes of distillation and chemical reaction should be controlled. Organized into eight chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the method needed for the state-of-the-art practice of process control. This text then examines the relative merits of digital and analog displays and computers. Other chapters consider the basic industrial annunciators and other alarm systems, which consist of multiple individual alarm points that are connected to a trouble contact, a logic module, and a visual indicator. This book discusses as well the data loggers available for process control applications. The final chapter deals with the various pump control systems, the features and designs of variable-speed drives, and the metering pumps. This book is a valuable resource for engineers. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Distillation Control Cecil L. Smith, 2012-04-13 Learn to Design the Best Control Configuration for Any Distillation Column Today, distillation is by far the most common separation technique used in the chemical and petroleum industries. All distillation columns need to be carefully controlled in order to meet specified production and quality levels. Distillation Control enables readers to do this by approaching the subject from a process to develop, analyze, and troubleshoot all aspects of column controls. Readers are efficiency and effectiveness and minimizing coats. Distillation Control begins with a chapter dedicated to underlying principles, including separation processes, reflux and boilup ratios, and composition dynamics. Next, the author covers such critical topics as: Composition control Pressure control and condensers Reboilers and feed preheaters Application of feedforward Unit optimization Complex towers As readers progress through the text, they’ll discover that the best control configuration for a distillation column is largely determined using steady-state process characteristics. The stage-by-stage separation models that the author sets forth for column design, therefore, provide information that is essential in developing the optimal control configuration. In addition to its clear explanations, Distillation Control is filled with clear diagrams and illustrations that clarify complex concepts and guide readers through multi-step procedures. Engineers as well as other professionals working in process facilities that use distillation to separate materials will fin that this book enables them to implement the latest tested and proven distillation control methods to meet their particular processing needs. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Research Methods in Social Relations Geoffrey Maruyama, Carey S. Ryan, 2014-06-11 Research Methods in Social Relations, 8th Edition, features a series of updates and revisions in its comprehensive introduction to current research methods in the social and behavioural sciences. Offers comprehensive coverage of a wide variety of traditional and topical research methods Addresses many newer research approaches such as propensity score matching, mixed methods designs, and confirmatory factor analysis Written to be accessible to a range of social and behavioural science disciplines, including public health, political science, sociology, and psychology Includes new chapters that engage readers in critical thinking about the processes involved in building sustainable partnerships in field and community settings The Companion website includes an array of resources for Instructors, including Test Banks, Power Point lecture slides, discussion questions and exercises This new edition is the much-anticipated follow-up to 2001’s seventh edition by Hoyle, Harris and Judd |
| what is a manipulated variable: Process Control Engineering P. Sai Krishna, 2013-12-30 This book has been prepared keeping in view the abstractness of this science Process control and for better understanding of this subject for practising engineers, teachers and students of Instrumentation, Electrical and Electronics disciplines. The major topics of process control have been explained with greater lucidity by taking appropriate illustrative examples and more number of solved problems wherever required, for easier comprehension and quick assimilation of the subject. Also the subject matter has been carefully prepared to cater to the needs of multi-disciplined engineering students where process control systems, are an integral part of their curriculum. It explains the concepts of process control instrumentation with a touch of practicality supported by related mathematical background to make the reading journey interestingly instructive. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Control Systems Jitendra R. Raol, Ramakalyan Ayyagari, 2019-07-12 Control Systems: Classical, Modern, and AI-Based Approaches provides a broad and comprehensive study of the principles, mathematics, and applications for those studying basic control in mechanical, electrical, aerospace, and other engineering disciplines. The text builds a strong mathematical foundation of control theory of linear, nonlinear, optimal, model predictive, robust, digital, and adaptive control systems, and it addresses applications in several emerging areas, such as aircraft, electro-mechanical, and some nonengineering systems: DC motor control, steel beam thickness control, drum boiler, motional control system, chemical reactor, head-disk assembly, pitch control of an aircraft, yaw-damper control, helicopter control, and tidal power control. Decentralized control, game-theoretic control, and control of hybrid systems are discussed. Also, control systems based on artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms, termed as AI-based systems are studied and analyzed with applications such as auto-landing aircraft, industrial process control, active suspension system, fuzzy gain scheduling, PID control, and adaptive neuro control. Numerical coverage with MATLAB® is integrated, and numerous examples and exercises are included for each chapter. Associated MATLAB® code will be made available. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Model Based Control Paul Serban Agachi, Zoltán K. Nagy, Mircea Vasile Cristea, Árpád Imre-Lucaci, 2007-09-24 Filling a gap in the literature for a practical approach to the topic, this book is unique in including a whole section of case studies presenting a wide range of applications from polymerization reactors and bioreactors, to distillation column and complex fluid catalytic cracking units. A section of general tuning guidelines of MPC is also present.These thus aid readers in facilitating the implementation of MPC in process engineering and automation. At the same time many theoretical, computational and implementation aspects of model-based control are explained, with a look at both linear and nonlinear model predictive control. Each chapter presents details related to the modeling of the process as well as the implementation of different model-based control approaches, and there is also a discussion of both the dynamic behaviour and the economics of industrial processes and plants. The book is unique in the broad coverage of different model based control strategies and in the variety of applications presented. A special merit of the book is in the included library of dynamic models of several industrially relevant processes, which can be used by both the industrial and academic community to study and implement advanced control strategies. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Khanna's Outlines of CHEMICAL & PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Vikas Mahto, Alapati Suryanarayana, This book of chemical & Petroleum Engineering Contains of Various Topics. It covers different type of question with their Answers and Fill in the Blanks. Required data and equations are given for day to day calculations of Chemical Engineering topics. This book is necessary tool or an instrument for Chemical & Petroleum Engineers. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Chemical Engineering Process Simulation Dominic Foo, 2022-09-29 Chemical Engineering Process Simulation, Second Edition guides users through chemical processes and unit operations using the main simulation software used in the industrial sector. The book helps predict the characteristics of a process using mathematical models and computer-aided process simulation tools, as well as how to model and simulate process performance before detailed process design takes place. Content coverage includes steady-state and dynamic simulation, process design, control and optimization. In addition, readers will learn about the simulation of natural gas, biochemical, wastewater treatment and batch processes. - Provides an updated and expanded new edition that contains 60-70% new content - Guides readers through chemical processes and unit operations using the primary simulation software used in the industrial sector - Covers the fundamentals of process simulation, theory and advanced applications - Includes case studies of various difficulty levels for practice and for applying developed skills - Features step-by-step guides to using UniSim Design, SuperPro Designer, Symmetry, Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Plus for process simulation novices |
| what is a manipulated variable: Knowledge-based Intelligent Information Engineering Systems & Allied Technologies Norio Baba, L. C. Jain, Robert J. Howlett, 2001 The annual Kes International Conference in Knowledge-based Intelligent Information Engineering Systems and Allied Technologies has become an event that is held in high regard by the intelligent systems community. The proceedings of the fifth conference represents a comprehensive survey of research on the theory and application of knowledge-based intelligent systems including topics such as: generic intelligent techniques - artificial neural networks, machine learning fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy techniques, and artificial life; applications of intelligent systems - condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, image processing, and high voltage systems; and allied technologies - communications, the Internet and web-based technologies, e-commerce, and computer pets. The proceedings should be of interest to those in the intelligent systems field, such as engineers, researchers and students. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Process Control: Concepts Dynamics And Applications S. K. Singh, 2007-12 This book is a comprehensive introduction to the vast and important field of control systems. The text introduces the theory of automatic control and its applications to the chemical process industries with emphasis on topics that are of use to the process control engineers and specialists. It also covers the advanced control strategies and its practical implementation with an excellent balance of theoretical concepts and engineering practice. |
| what is a manipulated variable: SDL 2015: Model-Driven Engineering for Smart Cities Joachim Fischer, Markus Scheidgen, Ina Schieferdecker, Rick Reed, 2015-10-06 This book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International System Design Language Forum, SDL 2015, held in Berlin, Germany, in October 2015. The 15 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: smart cities and distributed systems; specification and description language; domain specific languages; goal modeling; use-case modeling; and model-based testing. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Process Plant Equipment Michael D. Holloway, Chikezie Nwaoha, Oliver A. Onyewuenyi, 2012-08-20 “Process Plant Equipment Book is another great publication from Wiley as a reference book for final year students as well as those who will work or are working in chemical production plants and refinery...” -Associate Prof. Dr. Ramli Mat, Deputy Dean (Academic), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia “...give[s] readers access to both fundamental information on process plant equipment and to practical ideas, best practices and experiences of highly successful engineers from around the world... The book is illustrated throughout with numerous black & white photos and diagrams and also contains case studies demonstrating how actual process plants have implemented the tools and techniques discussed in the book. An extensive list of references enables readers to explore each individual topic in greater depth...” –Stainless Steel World and Valve World, November 2012 Discover how to optimize process plant equipment, from selection to operation to troubleshooting From energy to pharmaceuticals to food, the world depends on processing plants to manufacture the products that enable people to survive and flourish. With this book as their guide, readers have the information and practical guidelines needed to select, operate, maintain, control, and troubleshoot process plant equipment so that it is efficient, cost-effective, and reliable throughout its lifetime. Following the authors' careful explanations and instructions, readers will find that they are better able to reduce downtime and unscheduled shutdowns, streamline operations, and maximize the service life of processing equipment. Process Plant Equipment: Operation, Control, and Reliability is divided into three sections: Section One: Process Equipment Operations covers such key equipment as valves, pumps, cooling towers, conveyors, and storage tanks Section Two: Process Plant Reliability sets forth a variety of tested and proven tools and methods to assess and ensure the reliability and mechanical integrity of process equipment, including failure analysis, Fitness-for-Service assessment, engineering economics for chemical processes, and process component function and performance criteria Section Three: Process Measurement, Control, and Modeling examines flow meters, process control, and process modeling and simulation Throughout the book, numerous photos and diagrams illustrate the operation and control of key process equipment. There are also case studies demonstrating how actual process plants have implemented the tools and techniques discussed in the book. At the end of each chapter, an extensive list of references enables readers to explore each individual topic in greater depth. In summary, this text offers students, process engineers, and plant managers the expertise and technical support needed to streamline and optimize the operation of process plant equipment, from its initial selection to operations to troubleshooting. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Marine Simulation and Ship Manoeuvrability M.S. Chislett, 2021-10-01 Real-time, interactive ship simulators limped onto the scene, in the wake of flight simulators, some years ago. The maritime industries have a long history of conservatism, but this is now changing rapidly. The information age has also swept over ships and shipping, and has been taken to heart to such an extent that, for example, flight simulators now cooperate with ship simulators and import useful new concepts and methodologies. The more than 50 papers contained in this book show what and why. Although traditionally conservative, the marine world is also traditionally international and this has not changed. The papers in the book are by leading authors from all over the world and provide a detailed snap-shot of the rapidly advancing state-of-the-art, together with pointers to the future. The overall theme of MARSIM '96 and therefore also of this book is: Vessel manouevrability and marine simulation research, training and assessment, and includes original papers on topics such as bridge resource management, distant learning and simulators coupled via The Internet, virtual reality, neural networks, rudder-propeller hydrodynamics, prime mover models, squat in shallow water, and many more. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Advanced Process Control Cecil L. Smith, 2011-02-25 This book fills the gap between basic control configurations (Practical Process Control) and model predictive control (MPC). For those loops whose performance has a direct impact on plant economics or product quality, going beyond simple feedback or cascade can improve control performance, or specifically, reduce the variance about the target. However, the effort required to implement such control technology must be offset by increased economic returns from production operations. The economic aspects of the application of the various advanced control technologies are stressed throughout the book. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Math Trailblazers 2E G4 Teacher Implemenation Guide , 2003 A research based, NSF funded, K5 mathematics program integrating math, science and language arts. Includes a Spanish translantion of instuctional units. |
| what is a manipulated variable: Plasma Processing of Semiconductors P.F. Williams, 2013-11-11 Plasma Processing of Semiconductors contains 28 contributions from 18 experts and covers plasma etching, plasma deposition, plasma-surface interactions, numerical modelling, plasma diagnostics, less conventional processing applications of plasmas, and industrial applications. Audience: Coverage ranges from introductory to state of the art, thus the book is suitable for graduate-level students seeking an introduction to the field as well as established workers wishing to broaden or update their knowledge. |
MANIPULATE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of MANIPULATE is to treat or operate with or as if with the hands or by mechanical means especially in a skillful manner. How to use manipulate in a sentence.
Signs of Manipulation: Recognizing Manipulative Behavior - WebMD
Jun 16, 2024 · To deal with a manipulative person, it's crucial to set firm boundaries and stick to them. What Is Manipulation? Manipulation means pressuring others, sometimes in sneaky …
MANIPULATE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
MANIPULATE definition: 1. to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly: 2. to control…. Learn more.
Manipulative Behaviors: Signs, Types, Causes, Coping
Jan 8, 2025 · Manipulative behavior is used when someone wants to influence a person for their benefit, to obtain power and control. Although the manipulator may be subtle, it's essential to …
Manipulated - definition of manipulated by The Free Dictionary
1. to manage or influence skillfully and often unfairly: to manipulate people's feelings. 2. to handle or use, esp. with skill: to manipulate a large tractor. 3. to adapt or change (accounts, figures, …
54 Synonyms & Antonyms for MANIPULATED - Thesaurus.com
Find 54 different ways to say MANIPULATED, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
Manipulate Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
The baby is learning to manipulate blocks. The mechanical arms are manipulated by a computer. The doctor manipulated my back/spine. The program was designed to organize and …
MANIPULATE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of MANIPULATE is to treat or operate with or as if with the hands or by mechanical means especially in a skillful manner. How to use manipulate in a sentence.
Signs of Manipulation: Recognizing Manipulative Behavior - WebMD
Jun 16, 2024 · To deal with a manipulative person, it's crucial to set firm boundaries and stick to them. What Is Manipulation? Manipulation means pressuring others, sometimes in sneaky …
MANIPULATE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
MANIPULATE definition: 1. to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly: 2. to control…. Learn more.
Manipulative Behaviors: Signs, Types, Causes, Coping
Jan 8, 2025 · Manipulative behavior is used when someone wants to influence a person for their benefit, to obtain power and control. Although the manipulator may be subtle, it's essential to …
Manipulated - definition of manipulated by The Free Dictionary
1. to manage or influence skillfully and often unfairly: to manipulate people's feelings. 2. to handle or use, esp. with skill: to manipulate a large tractor. 3. to adapt or change (accounts, figures, …
54 Synonyms & Antonyms for MANIPULATED - Thesaurus.com
Find 54 different ways to say MANIPULATED, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
Manipulate Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
The baby is learning to manipulate blocks. The mechanical arms are manipulated by a computer. The doctor manipulated my back/spine. The program was designed to organize and …
