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| what is selective incapacitation: SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System Alison Burke, David Carter, Brian Fedorek, Tiffany Morey, Lore Rutz-Burri, Shanell Sanchez, 2019 |
| what is selective incapacitation: Selective Incapacitation Peter W. Greenwood, Allan F. Abrahamse, Rand Corporation, 1982 This report describes the results of a research project designed to determine the potential benefits of selective incapacitation. The data for this research consist of a survey administered to approximately 2,100 male prison and jail inmates in three states--California, Michigan, and Texas. They also include information from official records for the prison inmates. Section II reviews prior research on criminal careers and then describes the survey data on which this study is based. Section III introduces and describes the concept of selective incapacitation. Section IV summarizes findings on the distribution of individual offenses and describes a predictive scale for identifying high-rate offenders. Section V estimates the potential impacts of selective incapacitation policies. The final section summarizes what the authors think they have learned about selective incapacitation and suggests the kind of research that remains to be done. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Selective Incapacitation and the Serious Offender Rudy Haapanen, 2012-12-06 And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee; for it is profitable for thee that one ofthy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. Matthew 5. 30 The great War on Pover,ty of the 1960s focused on the root causes of crime, unemployment, lack of education, and discrimination. It was eventually agreed that the War on Poverty failed as a crime control program, and the focus of policy shifted toward more proximate causes of crime. Infact, it seems safe to say that since the 1960s, the United States has looked primarily to the criminal justice system to solve its crime problem. With the 1990s upon us, what can we say about the success of crime control policies that rely on the criminal justice system? The picture, taken one approach or program at a time, is not good. It is now generally agreed that the criminal justice system fails to rehabilitate offenders, to make them less likely to commit criminal acts as a result of treatment or training; that the system fails to deter potential offenders, to make them less likely to commit criminal acts out of fear of penal sanctions; and that such programs as increased police patrols, reinstatement of the death penalty, and modification of the exclusionary rule are unlikely to have much effect on crime, at least within the limits imposed on them by reasonable assessments of their costs. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Dangerous Offenders Mark H. Moore, 1984 Americans rank crime among the most urgent of social concerns. Overflowing prisons and public outcry have led many to propose that the criminal justice system could control crime more effectively by focusing on dangerous offenders. Recent social studies have suggested that serious criminality is highly concentrated and that high-rate offenders can be distinguished from others on the basis of prior criminal conduct, drug abuse, and employment record. Such studies urge judges to shift from rehabilitative sentencing to selective incapacitation, with longer prison sentences for convicted criminals who are deemed unusually dangerous. In response to these recommendations, some prosecutors' offices have established career criminal units designed to assure that repeat offenders will be prosecuted to the full measure of the law. Some police departments are experimenting with perpetrator-oriented patrols targeted on suspected high-rate offenders. The authors of this major book in criminal jurisprudence describe and analyze the intellectual and social challenge posed to public officials by this new thrust in criminal justice policy. They develop a framework for evaluating policies that focus on dangerous offenders. They first examine the general issues that arise as society considers the benefits and risks of concentrating on a particular category of criminals. They then outline how that approach might work at each stage of the criminal justice system--sentencing, pretrial detention, prosecution, and investigation. This cogently argued book provides much needed guidance on the crucial questions of whether sharpened attention to dangerous offenders is just, whether such a policy can be effective in managing the problem of crime, which applications seem particularly valuable, what the long-term risks to social institutions are, and what uncertainties must be monitored and resolved as the policy evolves. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Mass Incarceration on Trial Jonathan Simon, 2014-08-05 For nearly forty years the United States has been gripped by policies that have placed more than 2.5 million Americans in jails and prisons designed to hold a fraction of that number of inmates. Our prisons are not only vast and overcrowded, they are degrading—relying on racist gangs, lockdowns, and Supermax-style segregation units to maintain a tenuous order. Mass Incarceration on Trial examines a series of landmark decisions about prison conditions—culminating in Brown v. Plata, decided in May 2011 by the U.S. Supreme Court—that has opened an unexpected escape route from this trap of “tough on crime” politics. This set of rulings points toward values that could restore legitimate order to American prisons and, ultimately, lead to the demise of mass incarceration. Simon argues that much like the school segregation cases of the last century, these new cases represent a major breakthrough in jurisprudence—moving us from a hollowed-out vision of civil rights to the threshold of human rights and giving court backing for the argument that, because the conditions it creates are fundamentally cruel and unusual, mass incarceration is inherently unconstitutional. Since the publication of Michelle Alexander's The New Jim Crow, states around the country have begun to question the fundamental fairness of our criminal justice system. This book offers a provocative and brilliant reading to the end of mass incarceration. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Criminal Incapacitation William Spelman, 2014-01-15 |
| what is selective incapacitation: Against Prediction Bernard E. Harcourt, 2006-12-15 From random security checks at airports to the use of risk assessment in sentencing, actuarial methods are being used more than ever to determine whom law enforcement officials target and punish. And with the exception of racial profiling on our highways and streets, most people favor these methods because they believe they’re a more cost-effective way to fight crime. In Against Prediction, Bernard E. Harcourt challenges this growing reliance on actuarial methods. These prediction tools, he demonstrates, may in fact increase the overall amount of crime in society, depending on the relative responsiveness of the profiled populations to heightened security. They may also aggravate the difficulties that minorities already have obtaining work, education, and a better quality of life—thus perpetuating the pattern of criminal behavior. Ultimately, Harcourt shows how the perceived success of actuarial methods has begun to distort our very conception of just punishment and to obscure alternate visions of social order. In place of the actuarial, he proposes instead a turn to randomization in punishment and policing. The presumption, Harcourt concludes, should be against prediction. |
| what is selective incapacitation: The Criminal Career Britta Kyvsgaard, 2002-11-14 How can the average 'criminal career' be characterized and how common are career criminals? Does offending become more specialized and/or more serious as people get older? Do female careers in crime differ from those of males in substance or only in magnitude? Britta Kyvsgaard examines these questions through her longitudinal analysis of the life circumstances and criminal pursuits of 45,000 Danish offenders. This 2002 book provides a remarkably broad assessment of the full spectrum of criminal career patterns. The data, unparalleled in size and quality, allows powerful analyses of criminal behavior, even among relatively small demographic subgroups. Kyvsgaard is thus able to make solid assessments of offending patterns for males and females, juveniles and middle-aged adults, and employed and unemployed individuals. Furthermore, she examines the empirical evidence of the effects of deterrence and incapacitation. Her findings suggest rehabilitation as an alternative worthy of further research. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Predictive Sentencing Jan W de Keijser, Julian V Roberts, Jesper Ryberg, 2019-05-16 Predictive Sentencing addresses the role of risk assessment in contemporary sentencing practices. Predictive sentencing has become so deeply ingrained in Western criminal justice decision-making that despite early ethical discussions about selective incapacitation, it currently attracts little critique. Nor has it been subjected to a thorough normative and empirical scrutiny. This is problematic since much current policy and practice concerning risk predictions is inconsistent with mainstream theories of punishment. Moreover, predictive sentencing exacerbates discrimination and disparity in sentencing. Although structured risk assessments may have replaced 'gut feelings', and have now been systematically implemented in Western justice systems, the fundamental issues and questions that surround the use of risk assessment instruments at sentencing remain unresolved. This volume critically evaluates these issues and will be of great interest to scholars of criminal justice and criminology. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Corrections in the Community Edward J. Latessa, Paula Smith, 2015 Corrections in the Community, Sixth Edition, examines the current state of community corrections and proposes an evidence-based approach to making programs more effective. As the U.S. prison system approaches meltdown, options like probation, parole, alternative sentencing, and both residential and non-residential programs in the community continue to grow in importance. This text provides a solid foundation and includes the most salient information available on the broad and dynamic subject of community corrections. Authors Latessa and Smith organize and evaluate the latest data on the assessment of offender risk/need/responsivity and successful methods that continue to improve community supervision and its effects on different types of clients, from the mentally ill to juveniles. This book provides students with a thorough understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of community corrections and prepares them to evaluate and strengthen these crucial programs. This sixth edition includes a new chapter on specialty drug and other problem-solving courts. Now found in every state, these specialty courts represent a new way to deal with some of the problems that face our citizens, be it substance abuse or reentry to the community from prison. Chapters contain key terms, boxed material, review questions, and recommended readings, and a glossary is provided to clarify important concepts. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Conversion and the Rehabilitation of the Penal System Andrew Skotnicki, 2019-03-01 The Cincinnati Penal Congress of 1870 ushered in the era of progressive penology: the use of statistical and social scientific methodologies, commitment to psychiatric and therapeutic interventions, and a new innovation--the reformatory--as the locus for the application of these initiatives. The prisoner was now seen as a specimen to be analyzed, treated, and properly socialized into the triumphal current of American social and economic life. The Progressive rehabilitative initiatives succumbed in the 1970s to withering criticism from the proponents of equally futile strategies for addressing the crime problem: retribution, deterrence, and selective incapacitation. The early Christian community developed a methodology for correcting human error that featured the unprecedented belief that a period of time spent in a given penitential locale, with the aid and encouragement of the community, was sufficient in and of itself to heal the alienation and self-loathing caused by sin and to lead an individual to full reincorporation into the community. The correctional practice was based upon the conviction that cooperative sociability--or conversion--is possible, regardless of the specific offense, without any need to inflict suffering, or to use the act of punishment as a warning to potential offenders, or to undertake programmatic interventions into the lives of the incarcerated for the purpose of rehabilitating them. Andrew Skotnicki contends that the modern practice of criminal detention is a protracted exercise in needless violence predicated upon two foundational errors. The first is an inability to see the imprisoned as human beings fully capable of responding to an affirmative accompaniment rather than maltreatment and invasive forms of therapy. The second is a pervasive dualism that constructs a barrier between detainees and those empowered to supervise, rehabilitate, and punish them. In this book, Skotnicki argues that the criminal justice system can only be rehabilitated by eliminating punishment and policies based upon deterrence, rehabilitation, and the incapacitation of the urban poor and returning to the original justification for the practice of confinement: conversion. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Key Ideas in Criminology and Criminal Justice Travis C. Pratt, Jacinta M. Gau, Travis W. Franklin, 2010-10-20 By focusing on key ideas in both criminology and criminal justice, this book brings a new and unique perspective to understanding critical research in criminology and criminal justice -- heretofore, the practice has been to separate criminology and criminal justice. However, given their interconnected nature, this book brings both together cohesively. In going beyond simply identifying and discussing key contributions and their effects by giving students a broader socio-political context for each key idea, this book concretely conceptualizes the key ideas in ways that students will remember and understand. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Incapacitation Franklin E. Zimring, 1997 The one, sure way that imprisonment prevents crime is by restraining offenders from committing crimes while they are locked up. Called incapacitation by experts in criminology, this effect has become the dominant justification for imprisonment in the United States, where well over a million persons are currently in jails and prisons and public figures who want to appear tough on crime periodically urge that we throw away the key. How useful is the modern prison in restraining crime, and at what cost? How much do we really know about incapacitation and its effectiveness? This book is the first comprehensive assessment of incapacitation. Zimring and Hawkins show the increasing reliance on restraint to justify imprisonment, analyze the existing theories on incapacitation's effects, assess the current empirical research, report a new study, and explore the links between what is known about incapacitation and what it tells us about our criminal justice policy. An insightful evaluation of a pressing policy issue, Incapacitation is a vital contribution to the current debates on our criminal justice system. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Corrections Mary K. Stohr, Anthony Walsh, 2017-12-29 Corrections: The Essentials, Third Edition is a comprehensive, yet compact version of the typical corrections text. Authors Mary K. Stohr and Anthony Walsh address the most important topics in corrections in a briefer, full-color format, offered at a lower cost. It includes the usual topics typically found in corrections textbooks, but has a unique perspective with greater coverage on three key topics: the history and development of correctional institutions, ethics and diversity. The book also offers unique special feature boxes, allowing students and instructors the opportunity to focus on key perspectives to broaden the book′s coverage. The book’s brevity makes it an excellent core textbook that can easily be supplemented with additional reading materials. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Punishment, Places and Perpetrators Gerben Bruinsma, Henk Elffers, Jan De Keijser, 2012-12-06 This book brings together an influential group of academics and researchers to review key areas of research, theory and methodology within criminology and criminal justice, and to identify the most important new challenges facing the discipline. The contributors focus on the three central themes of punishment and criminal justice, location and mobility, and perpetrators and criminal careers, on which much cutting edge research within criminology has been taking place. A particular strength of the book is its multidisciplinary and international approach, with contributors drawn from Europe, the UK and the United States. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Career Criminals in Society Matt DeLisi, 2005-02-15 Career Criminals in Society examines the small but dangerous group of repeat offenders who are most damaging to society. The book encourages readers to think critically about the causes of criminal behavior and the potential of the criminal justice system to reduce crime. Author Matt DeLisi draws upon his own practitioner experience, interviewing criminal defendants to argue that career criminals can be combated only with a combination of prevention efforts and retributive criminal justice system policies. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Criminology Gennaro F. Vito, Jeffrey R. Maahs, Ronald M. Holmes, 2006 Across America, crime is a consistent public concern. The authors have produced a comprehensive work on major criminological theories, combining classical criminology with new topics, such as Internet crime and terrorism. The text also focuses on how criminology shapes public policy. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Criminal Justice George S. Bridges, Joseph G. Weis, Robert D. Crutchfield, 1996-02-22 This is a solid representation of criminological articles that are important to the discipline. The important material from each article has been retained, yet an undergraduate won′t be overwhelmed. The articles are germane and flow together; a certain consistency in thought is presented to the student, as opposed to interesting but often semi-related articles. This book is accessible and, in several areas, very enjoyable reading. -- A. L. Marsteller, Drury College Also by the Editors: Crime (Vol. 1) and Juvenile Delinquency (Vol. 2) Why are these edited collections THE anthologies to use for teaching Criminal Justice, Criminology, or Juvenile Delinquency? * All volumes present the field accurately and completely to students and in a way that is understandable to undergraduates and, therefore, teachable. * All include rich collections of classic and contemporary articles, all of which have been carefully edited so that students can master the material. * All volumes contain essays written by the Editors, which provide the coherence and structure to the collections that undergraduate students need. Questions for Discussion and Writing and well-prepared indexes help to make these anthologies even more teachable. * All are edited by scholars who have the credentials and the undergraduate teaching experience to make this three volume set a particularly rich resource. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Prison on Trial Thomas Mathiesen, 2005-11-16 Explains how contemporary events are changing the boundaries of crime and punishment and increasing the risks to civil liberties and the Rule of Law. This book is intended for those seeking to understand the modern trend towards locking-up people and distils the arguments for and against incarceration. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Crime and Public Policy James Q. Wilson, Joan Petersilia, 2011 Crime in the United States has fluctuated considerably over the past thirty years, as have the policy approaches to deal with it. During this time, criminologists and other scholars have helped to shed light on the roles of incarceration, prevention, drugs, guns, policing, and numerous other aspects to crime control. Yet the latest research is rarely heard in public discussions and is often missing from the desks of policymakers. This book summarizes the latest scientific information on the causes of crime and the evidence about what does and does not work to control it. As with previous editions, each essay reviews the existing literature, discusses the methodological rigor of the studies, identifies what policies and programs the studies suggest, and then points to policies now implemented that fail to reflect the evidence. The chapters cover the principle institutions of the criminal justice system (juvenile justice, police, prisons, probation and parole, sentencing), how broader aspects of social life inhibit or encourage crime (biology, schools, families, communities), and topics currently generating a great deal of attention (criminal activities of gangs, sex offenders, prisoner reentry, changing crime rates). |
| what is selective incapacitation: Criminal Justice at the Crossroads William Robert Kelly, 2015 Discusses the policy, process, and funding innovations and priorities that the United States needs to effectively reduce crime, recidivism, victimization, and cost |
| what is selective incapacitation: Key Ideas in Criminology and Criminal Justice Travis C. Pratt, Jacinta M. Gau, Travis W. Franklin, 2010-10-20 Key Ideas in Criminology and Criminal Justice is an innovative, fascinating treatment of some of the seminal theories in criminology and key policies in criminal justice, offering a detailed and nuanced picture of these core ideas. With a fluid, accessible, and lively writing style, this brief text is organized around major theories, ideas, and movements that mark a turning point in the field, and concludes with a discussion of the future of criminology and criminal justice. Readers will learn about the most salient criminological and criminal justice research and understand its influence on theory and policy. They will also understand the surrounding socio-political conditions from which the ideas sprang and the style and manner in which they weredisseminated , both of which helped these scholarly contributions become cornerstones in the fields of criminology and criminal justice. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Reaffirming Rehabilitation Francis T. Cullen, Karen E Gilbert, 2012-12-31 Reaffirming Rehabilitation, 2nd Edition, brings fresh insights to one of the core works of criminal justice literature. This groundbreaking work analyzes the rehabilitative ideal within the American correctional system and discusses its relationship to and conflict with political ideologies. Many researchers and policymakers rejected the value of rehabilitation after Robert Martinson’s proclamation that nothing works. Cullen and Gilbert’s book helped stem the tide of negativism that engulfed the U.S. correctional system in the years that followed the popularization of the nothing works doctrine. Now Cullen traces the social impact on U.S. corrections policy. This new edition is appropriate as a textbook in corrections courses and as recommended reading in related courses. It also serves as a resource for researchers and policymakers working in the field of corrections. The first edition continues to be used in corrections courses even though it is out of print. This new edition makes the book readily available, along with rich new content in the introduction and concluding chapter. Introduces a new generation to the ongoing clash of political agendas and research-based corrections policies. Supports critical thinking about the role of rehabilitation in our society. |
| what is selective incapacitation: How Do Judges Decide? Cassia Spohn, 2009 How are sentences for Federal, State, and Local crimes determined in the United States? Is this process fairly and justly applied to all concerned? How have reforms affected the process over the last 25 years? This text for advanced undergraduate students in criminal justice programs seeks to answer these questions. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Corrections Michael Welch, 2013-10-14 Corrections: A Critical Approach, 3rd edition confronts mass imprisonment in the United States, a nation boasting the highest incarceration rate in the world. This statistic is all the more troubling considering that its correctional population is overrepresented by the poor, African-Americans, and Latinos. Not only throwing crucial light on matters involving race and social class, this book also identifies and examines the key social forces shaping penal practice in the US - politics, economics, morality, and technology. By attending closely to historical and theoretical development, the narrative takes into account both instrumental (goal-oriented) and expressive (cultural) explanations to sharpen our understanding of punishment and the growing reliance on incarceration. Covering five main areas of inquiry - penal context, penal populations, penal violence, penal process, and penal state - this book is essential reading for both undergraduate and graduate students interested in undertaking a critical analysis of penology. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Correctional Theory Francis T. Cullen, Cheryl Lero Jonson, 2016-01-18 The Second Edition of Correctional Theory: Context and Consequences continues to identify and evaluate the major competing theories used to guide the goals, policies, and practices of the correctional system. Authors Francis T. Cullen and Cheryl Lero Jonson demonstrate that changes in theories can legitimize new ways of treating and punishing offenders, and they help readers understand how transformations in the social and political context of U.S. society impact correctional theory and policy. Designed to motivate readers to become sophisticated consumers of correctional information, the book emphasizes the importance of using evidence-based information to guide decisions, rather than relying on nonscientific commonsense or ideology-based beliefs. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Oversight Hearing on the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Human Resources, 1984 |
| what is selective incapacitation: Sentencing and Punishment Susan Easton, Susan M. Easton, Christine Piper, 2016 Balanced coverage, supportive learning features, and a chance to dive into all the key theories and debates: the essential guide for sentencing and punishment students. Examining the theory behind the headlines and engaging with all the current debates. Sentencing and Punishment provides thoughtful, reliable, and unbiased coverage of sentencing and punishment in the UK to make the perfect companion for your course. Thorough and systematic approach, Topics examined from legal, philosophical, and practical perspectives, In-depth and detailed coverage, covering both sentencing and punishment, to match to UK courses, Discussion questions, case studies, and sentencing exercises in each chapter so you can apply your knowledge, Fully reworked, restructured, and updated incorporating changes following the 2015 general election Book jacket. |
| what is selective incapacitation: The Power of Public Ideas Robert B. Reich, 1988 |
| what is selective incapacitation: Juvenile Delinquency James W. Burfeind, Dawn Jeglum Bartusch, 2006 Juvenile Delinquency: An Integrated Approach provides a thorough examination of the primary theories of delinquency along with the most recent and relevant research in the field. The social contexts of delinquency--families, peers, schools, drugs, and gangs--are considered within the theoretical traditions that most actively address these arenas. With a writing style praised by reviewers and students alike, Burfeind and Bartusch do an outstanding job helping students understand juvenile delinquency.The text is divided into four main sections, containing 15 chapters. The first two sections focus on defining and describing juvenile delinquency. The third section concentrates on explaining delinquent behavior, while the fourth section considers responding to juvenile delinquency through contemporary juvenile justice systems. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Encyclopedia of Criminology J. Mitchell Miller, Richard A. Wright, 2013-12-17 This three-volume work offers a comprehensive review of the pivotal concepts, measures, theories, and practices that comprise criminology and criminal justice. No longer just a subtopic of sociology, criminology has become an independent academic field of study that incorporates scholarship from numerous disciplines including psychology, political science, behavioral science, law, economics, public health, family studies, social work, and many others. The three-volume Encyclopedia of Criminology presents the latest research as well as the traditional topics which reflect the field's multidisciplinary nature in a single, authoritative reference work. More than 525 alphabetically arranged entries by the leading authorities in the discipline comprise this definitive, international resource. The pivotal concepts, measures, theories, and practices of the field are addressed with an emphasis on comparative criminology and criminal justice. While the primary focus of the work is on American criminology and contemporary criminal justice in the United States, extensive global coverage of other nations' justice systems is included, and the increasing international nature of crime is explored thoroughly. Providing the most up-to-date scholarship in addition to the traditional theories on criminology, the Encyclopedia of Criminology is the essential one-stop reference for students and scholars alike to explore the broad expanse of this multidisciplinary field. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Prison on Trial Thomas Mathiesen, 2006 Prison On Trial is the classic critique of prisons and imprisonment: a book for everyone's library shelf and collection. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Crime Prevention Steven Lab, Steven P. Lab, 2019-07-24 Crime Prevention: Approaches, Practices, and Evaluations, Tenth Edition, meets the needs of students and instructors for engaging, evidence-based, impartial coverage of interventions that can reduce or prevent deviance. This edition examines the entire gamut of prevention, from physical design to developmental prevention to identifying high-risk individuals to situational initiatives to partnerships and beyond. Strategies include primary prevention measures designed to prevent conditions that foster deviance; secondary prevention measures directed toward persons or conditions with a high potential for deviance; and tertiary prevention measures to deal with persons who have already committed crimes. In this book, Lab offers a thorough and well-rounded discussion of the many sides of the crime prevention debate in clear and accessible language, including the latest research concerning space syntax, physical environment and crime, neighborhood crime prevention programs, community policing, crime in schools, and electronic monitoring and home confinement. This book is essential for undergraduates studying criminal justice, criminology, and sociology, in the US and globally. Online resources include an instructor’s manual, test bank, and lecture slides for faculty, and a wide array of resources for students. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Sentencing and Punishment Susan Easton, Christine Piper, 2023 Fully reworked, restructured, and updated, and incorporating changes following the 2019 general election; this fifth edition is the essential guide for anyone studying sentencing and punishment as part of a law or criminology course. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Local Justice Jon Elster, 1992-05-14 The well-being of individuals routinely depends on their success in obtaining goods and avoiding burdens distributed by society. Local Justice offers the first systematic analysis of the principles and procedures used in dispensing local justice in situations as varied as the admission of students to college, the choice of patients for organ transplants, the selection of workers for layoffs, and the induction of men into the army. A prominent theorist in the field of rational choice and decision making, Jon Elster develops a rich selection of empirical examples and case studies to demonstrate the diversity of procedures used by institutions that mete out local justice. From this revealing material Elster fashions a conceptual framework for understanding why institutions make these crucial allocations in the ways they do. Elster's investigation discloses the many complex and varied approaches of such decision-making bodies as selective service and adoption agencies, employers and universities, prison and immigration authorities. What are the conflicting demands placed on these institutions by the needs of applicants, the recommendations of external agencies, and their own organizational imperatives? Often, as Elster shows, methods of allocation may actually aggravate social problems. For instance, the likelihood that handicapped or minority infants will be adopted is further decreased when agencies apply the same stringent screening criteria—exclusion of people over forty, single parents, working wives, and low-income families—that they use for more sought-after babies. Elster proposes a classification of the main principles and procedures used to match goods with individuals, charts the interactions among these mechanisms of local justice, and evaluates them in terms of fairness and efficiency. From his empirical groundwork, Elster builds an innovative analysis of the historical processes by which, at given times and under given circumstances, preferences become principles and principles become procedures. Local Justice concludes with a comparison of local justice systems with major contemporary theories of social justice—utilitarianism, John Rawls's A Theory of Justice, Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia—and discusses the common-sense conception of justice held by professional decision makers such as lawyers, economists, and politicians. The difference between what we say about justice and how we actually dispense it is the illuminating principle behind Elster's book. A perceptive and cosmopolitan study, Local Justice is a seminal work for all those concerned with the formation of ethical policy and social welfare—philosophers, economists, political scientists, health care professionals, policy makers, and educators. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Criminal Law Katheryn Russell-Brown, Angela J. Davis, 2015-01-30 An Interdisciplinary Approach Criminal Law provides students with an integrated framework for understanding the U.S. criminal justice system with a diverse and inclusive interdisciplinary approach and thematic focus. Authors Katheryn Russell-Brown and Angela J. Davis go beyond the law and decisions in court cases to consider and integrate issues of race, gender, and socio-economic status with their discussion of criminal law. Material from the social sciences is incorporated to highlight the intersection between criminal law and key social issues. Case excerpts and detailed case summaries, used to highlight important principles of criminal law, are featured throughout the text. The coverage is conceptual and practical, showing students how the criminal law applies in the “real world”—not just within the pages of a textbook. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Conservative Criminology John Wright, Matt DeLisi, 2015-11-06 Conservative Criminology serves as an important counterpoint to virtually every other academic text on crime. Hundreds of books have been written about crime and criminal justice policy from a variety of perspectives, including Marxist, liberal, progressive, feminist, radical, and post-modernist. To date, however, no book has been written outlining a conservative perspective on crime and criminal justice policy. Not a polemic against liberalism, Conservative Criminology nonetheless focuses on how liberal ideology affects the study of crime and criminals and the policies that criminologist advocate. Wright and DeLisi, both senior scholars, give a voice to a major political philosophy—a philosophy often demonized by academics—and to conservatives in the academic world. In the end, Conservative Criminology calls for an investment in intellectual diversity, a respect for varying political philosophies, and a renewed commitment to honesty in scholarship. The authors encourage debate in the profession about the proper role of ideology in the academy and in public policies on crime and justice. Conservative Criminology is for the criminal justice professional and student. It serves as a stimulating supplement to courses in criminology and criminal justice, as well as a primary text for special issues or capstone courses. This book supports the reader in recognizing ideological biases, whatever they might be, and in considering their own convictions. |
| what is selective incapacitation: Incapacitating Criminals Jacqueline Cohen, 1983 |
| what is selective incapacitation: Desistance from Crime Michael Rocque, 2017-04-25 This book represents a brief treatise on the theory and research behind the concept of desistance from crime. This ever-growing field has become increasingly relevant as questions of serious issues regarding sentencing, probation and the penal system continue to go unanswered. Rocque covers the history of research on desistance from crime and provides a discussion of research and theories on the topic before looking towards the future of the application of desistance to policy. The focus of the volume is to provide an overview of the practical and theoretical developments to better understand desistance. In addition, a multidisciplinary, integrative theoretical perspective is presented, ensuring that it will be of particular interest for students and scholars of criminology and the criminal justice system. |
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