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| what's incumbent mean: Predicting the Next President Allan J. Lichtman, 2011-12-16 Think that Richard Nixon lost the 1960 presidential election because he sweated on TV? Or that John Kerry was “swiftboated” out of the presidency in 2004? Think again! In Predicting the Next President political analyst and historian Allan J. Lichtman presents thirteen historical factors, or “keys” (four political, seven performance, and two personality), that determine the outcome of presidential elections. In the chronological, successful application of these keys to every election since 1860, Lichtman dispels much of the mystery behind electoral politics and challenges many traditional assumptions. An indispensable resource for political junkies who want to get a head-start on calling Decision 2012. |
| what's incumbent mean: Spelling turned etymology Thomas Kerchever Arnold, 1844 |
| what's incumbent mean: Communicating in English: Functions Walter Matreyek, 1983 |
| what's incumbent mean: Hiring and Firing Public Officials Justin Buchler, 2011-04-20 Conventional theories of elections hold that an election is analogous to a consumer product market. According to the market paradigm, voters are consumers, candidates are competing firms, and an election is a market in which voters exchange votes for policy by voting for the candidates whose policies they prefer. According to this logic, a healthy democracy requires frequent competitive elections. The market analogy underlies decades of electoral theory, but in Hiring and Firing Public Officials, Justin Buchler contends that it does not capture the real nature of elections. In fact, our widespread dissatisfaction with the current state of electoral politics derives from a fundamental misunderstanding of what elections are and what purpose they serve. As Justin Buchler shows, an election is a mechanism by which voters hire and fire public officials. It is not a consumer product market--it is a single employment decision. Thus, the health of democracy depends not on regular competitive elections, but on posing a credible threat to fire public officials who do not perform their jobs well. However, the purpose of that threat is to force public officials to act as faithful public servants so that they do not have to be fired. Thus, competitive elections, by most definitions, are indicative of a failure of the democratic system. |
| what's incumbent mean: Statistics for Compensation John H. Davis, 2011-08-24 An insightful, hands-on focus on the statistical methods used by compensation and human resources professionals in their everyday work Across various industries, compensation professionals work to organize and analyze aspects of employment that deal with elements of pay, such as deciding base salary, bonus, and commission provided by an employer to its employees for work performed. Acknowledging the numerous quantitative analyses of data that are a part of this everyday work, Statistics for Compensation provides a comprehensive guide to the key statistical tools and techniques needed to perform those analyses and to help organizations make fully informed compensation decisions. This self-contained book is the first of its kind to explore the use of various quantitative methods—from basic notions about percents to multiple linear regression—that are used in the management, design, and implementation of powerful compensation strategies. Drawing upon his extensive experience as a consultant, practitioner, and teacher of both statistics and compensation, the author focuses on the usefulness of the techniques and their immediate application to everyday compensation work, thoroughly explaining major areas such as: Frequency distributions and histograms Measures of location and variability Model building Linear models Exponential curve models Maturity curve models Power models Market models and salary survey analysis Linear and exponential integrated market models Job pricing market models Throughout the book, rigorous definitions and step-by-step procedures clearly explain and demonstrate how to apply the presented statistical techniques. Each chapter concludes with a set of exercises, and various case studies showcase the topic's real-world relevance. The book also features an extensive glossary of key statistical terms and an appendix with technical details. Data for the examples and practice problems are available in the book and on a related FTP site. Statistics for Compensation is an excellent reference for compensation professionals, human resources professionals, and other practitioners responsible for any aspect of base pay, incentive pay, sales compensation, and executive compensation in their organizations. It can also serve as a supplement for compensation courses at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. |
| what's incumbent mean: Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Common Pleas and in the Exchequer Chamber John Scott, Great Britain. Court of Common Pleas, 1866 |
| what's incumbent mean: Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the English Courts of Common Law John Cole Lowber, Thomas Sergeant, 1876 |
| what's incumbent mean: The Handbook of Work Analysis Mark Alan Wilson, Winston Bennett, Jr., Shanan Gwaltney Gibson, George Michael Alliger, 2013-05-13 This new handbook, with contributions from experts around the world, is the most comprehensive treatise on work design and job analysis practice and research in over 20 years. The handbook, dedicated to Sidney Gael, is the next generation of Gael’s successful Job Analysis Handbook for Business, Industry and Government, published by Wiley in 1988. It consists of four parts: Methods, Systems, Applications and Research/Innovations. Finally, a tightly integrated, user-friendly handbook, of interest to students, practitioners and researchers in the field of Industrial Organizational Psychology and Human Resource Management. Sample Chapter available: Chapter 24, Training Needs Assessment by Eric A. Surface is available for download. |
| what's incumbent mean: The Parliamentary Debates (official Report). Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords, 1926 |
| what's incumbent mean: The Latina Advantage Christina E. Bejarano, 2013-08-15 During the past decade, racial/ethnic minority women have made significant strides in U.S. politics, comprising large portions of their respective minority delegations both in Congress and in state legislatures. This trend has been particularly evident in the growing political presence of Latinas, yet scholars have offered no clear explanations for this electoral phenomenon—until now. In The Latina Advantage, Christina E. Bejarano draws on national public opinion datasets and a close examination of state legislative candidates in Texas and California to demonstrate the new power of the political intersection between race and gender. Underscoring the fact that racial/ethnic minority women form a greater share of minority representatives than do white women among white elected officials, Bejarano provides empirical evidence to substantiate previous theoretical predictions of the strategic advantage in the intersectionality of gender and ethnicity in Latinas. Her evidence indicates that two factors provide the basis for the advantage: increasingly qualified candidates and the softening of perceived racial threat, leading minority female candidates to encounter fewer disadvantages than their male counterparts. Overturning the findings of classic literature that reinforce stereotypes and describe minority female political candidates as being at a compounded electoral disadvantage, Bejarano brings a crucial new perspective to dialogues about the rapidly shifting face of America’s electorate. |
| what's incumbent mean: Job and Work Analysis Michael T. Brannick, Edward L. Levine, Frederick P. Morgeson, 2007-02-15 Thoroughly updated and revised, this Second Edition is the only book currently on the market to present the most important and commonly used methods in human resource management in such detail. The authors clearly outline how organizations can create programs to improve hiring and training, make jobs safer, provide a satisfying work environment, and help employees to work smarter. Throughout, they provide practical tips on how to conduct a job analysis, often offering anecdotes from their own experiences. |
| what's incumbent mean: Organizing to Win Kate Bronfenbrenner, 1998 As the American labour movement mobilizes for a major resurgence through new organizing, this text presents research on union organizing strategies. The introduction defines the context of the current climate and subsequent chapters include community-based organizing and building |
| what's incumbent mean: Beat the Incumbent Louis Perron, 2024-01-16 Incumbents enjoy many advantages when they seek reelection, but their distinct disadvantages (such as not fulfilling promises or staying within the status quo) are ripe weaknesses for opposing candidates to knock them down. Studying the US's Barack Obama, Ukraine's Volodymyr Zelensky, and France's Emmanuel Macron, among many other candidates, political strategist Louis Perron, PhD, describes tactics to assess the strength of the incumbent, the quality of the challenger, and how to control and win a campaign. Readers interested in running for office or in assisting a political campaign will learn how to build a top-notch team, define your target audience, increase your media presence, develop your message, advertise effectively, deliver great speeches, and prepare to win debates. For relatively new challengers, Perron demonstrates how lack of experience has become less important and how these weaknesses can be neutralized. When campaigns turn ugly and play dirty, he instructs candidates how to combat against character attacks and how they can make a comeback if they lose the election. With over a decade of experience orchestrating political campaigns around the globe, Perron's Beat the Incumbent is the essential step-by-step guide for any level of political office to challenge an incumbent and, once victory is claimed, how you can avoid the same traps to effect change and win reelection. |
| what's incumbent mean: Organization Theory Meets Strategy Giada Di Stefano, Filippo Carlo Wezel, 2023-11-16 Organization Theory Meets Strategy brings together researchers who work at the intersection of Organization Theory and Strategy to fuel cutting edge discussions around common questions and challenges faced by researchers working in this area. |
| what's incumbent mean: Guide to State Politics and Policy Richard G. Niemi, Joshua J. Dyck, 2013-10-18 No previous book has pulled together into one place a single, comprehensive volume that provides up-to-date coverage of state government and politics, along with the states’ current and future public policies. This new book does just that, offering students, scholars, citizens, policy advocates, and state specialists accessible information on state politics and policy in 33 topical chapters written by experts in the field. The guide provides contemporary analysis of state institutions, processes, and public policies, along with both historical and theoretical perspectives that help readers develop a comprehensive understanding of the 50 U.S. states’ complex and changing political spheres. Those who use this volume—from experienced scholars to neophytes—can rely upon the guide to provide: Basic factual information on state politics and policy; Core explanatory frameworks and competing arguments; and Insightful coverage of major policy areas as they have played out in the states. |
| what's incumbent mean: Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the English Courts of Common Law Great Britain. Courts, 1871 |
| what's incumbent mean: Methods of Meta-Analysis John E Hunter, Frank L. Schmidt, 2004-04-07 Click ′Additional Materials′ for downloadable sample chapterClearly written and compellingly argued, this book explains the procedures and benefits of correcting for measurement error and range restriction and details the methodological developments in meta-analysis over the last decade. No one should consider conducting a meta-analysis without first reading this book. It is essential reading for all scientists.--Michael A. McDaniel, Virginia Commonwealth University A book that will certainly appeal not only to the students, but will also be a great reference source for the technically sophisticated professional. The breadth and depth of the coverage, not to mention the novelty and clarity of writing, makes this book a classic in the field. It covers (and at times introduces) many novel issues that will be in the forefront for some years to come--as such a must read for all meta-analysts.--Vish C. Viswesvaran, Ph.D., Director of I/O Program, Florida International University Meta-analysis is arguably the most important methodological innovation in the social and behavioral sciences in the last 25 years. Developed to offer researchers an informative account of which methods are most useful in integrating research findings across studies, this book will enable the reader to apply, as well as understand, meta-analytic methods. Rather than taking an encyclopedic approach, the authors have focused on carefully developing those techniques that are most applicable to social science research, and have given a general conceptual description of more complex and rarely-used techniques. Fully revised and updated, Methods of Meta-Analysis, Second Edition is the most comprehensive text on meta-analysis available today. New to the Second Edition: * An evaluation of fixed versus random effects models for meta-analysis* New methods for correcting for indirect range restriction in meta-analysis* New developments in corrections for measurement error* A discussion of a new Windows-based program package for applying the meta-analysis methods presented in the book* A presentation of the theories of data underlying different approaches to meta-analysis |
| what's incumbent mean: International Encyclopedia of Political Science Bertrand Badie, Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Leonardo Morlino, 2011-09-07 Developed in partnership with the International Political Science Association this must-have, authoritative political science resource, in eight volumes, provides a definitive picture of all aspects of political life. |
| what's incumbent mean: Parliamentary Papers Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, 1906 |
| what's incumbent mean: The Political Consequences of Being a Woman Kim Fridkin, 1996 The Political Consequences of Being a Woman explores how women's perceived liabilities and capabilities make or, more often, break their campaigns. |
| what's incumbent mean: Judicial and Statutory Definitions of Words and Phrases , 1904 |
| what's incumbent mean: Private Desires, Political Action Michael Laver, 1997-02-28 Private Desires, Political Action is an accessible overview of one of the most important approaches to the study of politics in the modern world - rational choice theory. Michael Laver does not set out to review this entire field, but rather to discuss how we might use rational choice theory to analyze the political competition that affects almost every aspect of our lives. The broad-ranging scope of the book introduces the theory at many levels of analysis, including: the private desires of individuals; the social context of how people fulfil their desires; and the problems of collective action. The discussion of these problems extends into the arena of politics, where the activities of `political entrepreneurs' or |
| what's incumbent mean: The Parliamentary Debates Great Britain. Parliament, 1906 |
| what's incumbent mean: Supreme Court Appellate Division , |
| what's incumbent mean: Job Analysis in the United States Air Force Joseph E. Morsh, Joseph M. Madden, Raymond E. Christal, 1961 |
| what's incumbent mean: WADC Technical Report United States. Wright Air Development Division, 1961 |
| what's incumbent mean: Job Analysis in the United States Air Force Joseph Eugene Morsh, Joseph M. Madden, Raymond E. Christal, 1961 |
| what's incumbent mean: FCC Record United States. Federal Communications Commission, 1998 |
| what's incumbent mean: The Educational Testing Act of 1981 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education, 1982 |
| what's incumbent mean: The Law of Burial James Brooke Little, 1902 |
| what's incumbent mean: The Law Times Reports , 1865 |
| what's incumbent mean: The Law Times Reports of Cases Decided in the House of Lords, the Privy Council, the Court of Appeal ... [new Series]. , 1865 |
| what's incumbent mean: The Electorate, the Campaign, and the Office Paul Gronke, 2010-04-23 Voters simultaneously choose among candidates running for different offices, with different terms, and occupying different places in the Constitutional order. Conventional wisdom holds that these overlapping institutional differences make comparative electoral research difficult, if not impossible. Paul Gronke's path-breaking study compares electoral contexts, campaigns, and voter decision-making in House and Senate elections. Gronke's book offers new insights into how differences--and similarities--across offices structure American elections. Congressional elections research holds that Senate races are more competitive than House contests because states are more heterogeneous, or because candidates are more prominent and raise more money, or because voters have fundamentally different expectations. Because House and Senate contests are seldom compared, we have little empirical evidence to test the various hypotheses about how voters make choices for different offices. Gronke finds that the similarities between House and Senate elections are much greater than previously thought and that voters make their decisions in both races on the same bases. Gronke first looks at differences in congressional districts and states, showing that context does not really help us understand why Senate elections feature better candidates, higher spending, and closer outcomes. Next, he turns to campaigns. Surprisingly, over a turbulent twenty-year period, House and Senate candidacies have retained the same competitive dynamics. Gronke also considers voting behavior in House and Senate elections. Focusing on the 1988 and 1990 elections, he argues that voters do not distinguish between institutions, applying fundamentally the same decision rule, regardless of the office being contested. Gronke closes by considering the implications of his results for the way we relate settings, electoral dynamics, and institutional arrangements. This book will appeal to those interested in Congress, political campaigning, and voting. Paul Gronke is Associate Professor of Political Science at Reed College. |
| what's incumbent mean: The Weekly Reporter , 1865 |
| what's incumbent mean: Technology Strategy Nigel Walton, Neil Pyper, 2019-09-21 This dynamic and beautifully written textbook takes a modern and innovative approach to strategy by placing technology at its heart, bridging the gap between general strategy texts and specialist technology and innovation literature. It addresses the challenges and opportunities presented to organisations by disruptive technological change and takes into account the navigation of uncertain business environments. In addition to examining more established concepts and theories, the text also explores new disruptive business models and non-traditional approaches to strategy development such as effectuation, the Business Model Canvas and prediction logic. This comprehensive and critical approach is supported by a rich assortment of practical examples and cases drawn from different sectors and a range of exciting companies from all over the world, helping students and practitioners to apply theory to practice. This will be an essential core text for modules on technology strategy and innovation at upper undergraduate, postgraduate and MBA levels, and invaluable reading for senior executives and aspiring managers who seek to understand how to implement strategy in a volatile disruptive environment. |
| what's incumbent mean: The Business of Culture Joseph Lampel, Jamal Shamsie, Theresa K. Lant, 2006-04-21 Concerns the management of creativity and innovation. This book provides serious analysis of the cultural industries - media, entertainment, film, music, and the arts -from a business perspective. It covers as many industries as possible from many different perspectives. It is a useful primer on cultural industries for students and scholars. |
| what's incumbent mean: Telecommunications Law and Regulation Ian Walden, 2012-09-13 Since the last edition of the book was published, there have been a number of important developments in the telecommunications industry. Telecommunications Law and Regulation takes these changes into account, including an examination of the EU New Regulatory Framework, as well as the establishment of the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC). There are also new chapters on spectrum management (radio frequencies), and consumer protection rules. The access and interconnection chapter addresses the issues surrounding the high capacity broadband widely provided by Next Generation Networks.The chapter on licensing and authorisation has been refocused to reflect the increasing regulatory focus on the mobile sector. The chapter on regulating content has also been significantly restructured and revised to reflect the changes in how we consume content. Written by leading experts, it is essential reading for legal practitioners and academics involved in the telecommunications industry. |
| what's incumbent mean: Chitty's Collection of Statutes of Practical Utility [1225-1880] Joseph Chitty, John Mounteney Lely, 1880 |
| what's incumbent mean: Public Bills Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords, 1856 |
| what's incumbent mean: The Statutes of Practical Utility Arranged in Alphabetical and Chronological Order with Notes and Indexes Being the Fifth Edition of "Chitty's Statutes" Great Britain, John Mounteney Lely, 1894 |
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