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| water molecule model: Water in Biological and Chemical Processes Biman Bagchi, 2013-11-14 A unified overview of the dynamical properties of water and its unique and diverse role in biological and chemical processes. |
| water molecule model: The Structure and Properties of Water D Eisenberg, W Kauzmann, 2005-10-20 The authors have correlated many experimental observations and theoretical discussions from the scientific literature on water. Topics covered include the water molecule and forces between water molecules; the thermodynamic properties of steam; the structures of the ices; the thermodynamic, electrical, spectroscopic, and transport properties of the ices and of liquid water; hydrogen bonding in ice and water; and models for liquid water. The main emphasis of the book is on relating the properties of ice and water to their structures. Some background material in physical chemistry has been included in order to ensure that the material is accessible to readers in fields such as biology, biochemistry, and geology, as well as to chemists and physicists. |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling Theory Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-07-03 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling Theory Randall T. Cygan, James D. Kubicki, 2018-12-17 Volume 42 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry covers the Applications in the Geosciences via Molecular Modeling Theory. We hope the content of this review volume will help the interested reader to quickly develop an appreciation for the fundamental theories behind the molecular modeling tools and to become aware of the limits in applying these state-of-the-art methods to solve geosciences problems. The review chapters in this volume were the basis for a short course on molecular modeling theory jointly sponsored by the Geochemical Society (GS) and the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) May 18-20, 2001 in Roanoke, Virginia which was held prior to the 2001 Goldschmidt Conference in nearby Hot Springs, Virginia. |
| water molecule model: Protein-protein Recognition Colin Kleanthous, 2000 The purpose of Protein-Protein Recognition is to bring together concepts and systems pertaining to protein-protein interactions in a single unifying volume. In the light of the information from the genome sequencing projects and the increase in structural information it is an opportune time to try to make generalizations about how and why proteins form complexes with each other. The emphasis of the book is on heteromeric complexes (complexes in which each of the components can exist in an unbound state) and will use well-studied model systems to explain the processes of forming complexes. After an introductory section on the kinetics, thermodynamics, analysis, and classification of protein-protein interactions, weak, intermediate, and high affinity complexes are dealt with in turn. Weak affinity complexes are represented by electron transfer proteins and integrin complexes. Anti-lysozyme antibodies, the MHC proteins and their interactions with T-cell receptors, and the protein interactions of eukaryotic signal transduction are the systems used to explain complexes with intermediate affinities. Finally, tight binding complexes are represented by the interaction of protein inhibitors with serine proteases and by nuclease inhibitor complexes. Throughout the chapters common themes are the technologies which have had the greatest impact, how specificity is determined, how complexes are stabilized, and medical and industrial applications. |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling Hans-Dieter Höltje, Gerd Folkers, 2008-07-11 Written by experienced experts in molecular modeling, this books describes the basics to the extent that is necessary if one wants to be able to reliably judge the results from molecular modeling calculations. Its main objective is the description of the various pitfalls to be avoided. Without unnecessary overhead it leads the reader from simple calculations on small molecules to the modeling of proteins and other relevant biomolecules. A textbook for beginners as well as an invaluable reference for all those dealing with molecular modeling in their daily work! |
| water molecule model: Molecular Theory of Solvation F. Hirata, 2006-04-11 Molecular Theory of Solvation presents the recent progress in the statistical mechanics of molecular liquids applied to the most intriguing problems in chemistry today, including chemical reactions, conformational stability of biomolecules, ion hydration, and electrode-solution interface. The continuum model of solvation has played a dominant role in describing chemical processes in solution during the last century. This book discards and replaces it completely with molecular theory taking proper account of chemical specificity of solvent. The main machinery employed here is the reference-interaction-site-model (RISM) theory, which is combined with other tools in theoretical chemistry and physics: the ab initio and density functional theories in quantum chemistry, the generalized Langevin theory, and the molecular simulation techniques. This book will be of benefit to graduate students and industrial scientists who are struggling to find a better way of accounting and/or predicting solvation properties. |
| water molecule model: Dynamics of Proteins and Nucleic Acids , 2013-08-14 Published continuously since 1944, Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology has been a continuous, essential resource for protein chemists. Covering reviews of methodology and research in all aspects of protein chemistry, including purification/expression, proteomics, modeling and structural determination and design, each volume brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins while presenting the most recent findings from leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics. - Covers reviews of methodology and research in all aspects of protein chemistry - Brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins while presenting the most recent findings from leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics |
| water molecule model: The Physics of Liquid Water Makoto Yasutomi, 2021-03-24 Unraveling the mystery of the negative thermal expansion of liquid water has been a challenge for scientists for centuries. Various theories have been proposed so far, but none has been able to solve this mystery. Since the thermodynamic properties of matter are determined by the interaction between particles, the mystery can be solved fundamentally if the thermodynamic physical quantities using the laws of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are determined, the experimental results are reproduced, and the phenomena in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles are elucidated. In this sense, this book has fundamentally unraveled this mystery. In addition, it discusses the mysteries of isothermal compressibility, structural diversity, as well as liquefaction and boiling points of water in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles. It carefully explains the analysis and calculation methods so that they can be easily understood by the readers. |
| water molecule model: Nucleation of Water Ari Laaksonen, Jussi Malila, 2021-12-06 Nucleation of Water: From Fundamental Science to Atmospheric and Additional Applications provides a comprehensive accounting of the current state-of-the-art regarding the nucleation of water. It covers vapor-liquid, liquid-vapor, liquid-ice and vapor-ice transitions and describes basic kinetic and thermodynamic concepts in a manner understandable to researchers working on specific applications. The main focus of the book lies in atmospheric phenomena, but it also describes engineering and biological applications. Bubble nucleation, although not of major atmospheric relevance, is included for completeness. This book presents a single, go-to resource that will help readers understand the breadth and depth of nucleation, both in theory and in real-world examples. Offers a single, comprehensive work on water nucleation, including cutting- edge research on ice, cloud and bubble nucleation Written primarily for atmospheric scientists, but it also presents the theories in such a way that researchers in other disciplines will find it useful Written by one of the world's foremost experts on ice nucleation |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling and Simulation Tamar Schlick, 2013-04-18 Science is a way of looking, reverencing. And the purpose of all science, like living, which amounts to the same thing, is not the ac cumulation of gnostic power, the fixing of formulas for the name of God, the stockpiling of brutal efficiency, accomplishing the sadistic myth of progress. The purpose of science is to revive and cultivate a perpetual state of wonder. For nothing deserves wonder so much as our capacity to experience it. Roald Hoffman and Shira Leibowitz Schmidt, in Old Wine, New Flasks: Re. flections on Science and Jewish Tradition (W. H. Freeman, 1997). Challenges in Teaching Molecular Modeling This textbook evolved from a graduate course termed Molecular Modeling intro duced in the fall of 1996 at New York University. The primary goal of the course is to stimulate excitement for molecular modeling research - much in the spirit of Hoffman and Leibowitz Schmidt above - while providing grounding in the discipline. Such knowledge is valuable for research dealing with many practical problems in both the acadernic and industrial sectors, from developing treatments for AIDS (via inhibitors to the protease enzyme of the human imrnunodeficiency virus, HIV-1) to designing potatoes that yie1d spot-free potato chips (via trans genic potatoes with altered carbohydrate metabolism). In the course of writing xii Preface this text, the notes have expanded to function also as an introduction to the field for scientists in other disciplines by providing a global perspective into problems and approaches, rather than a comprehensive survey. |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling and Multiscaling Issues for Electronic Material Applications Artur Wymyslowski, Nancy Iwamoto, Matthew Yuen, Haibo Fan, 2014-11-20 This book offers readers a snapshot of the progression of molecular modeling in the electronics industry and how molecular modeling is currently being used to understand materials to solve relevant issues in this field. The reader is introduced to the evolving role of molecular modeling, especially seen from the perspective of the IEEE community and modeling in electronics. This book also covers the aspects of molecular modeling needed to understand the relationship between structures and mechanical performance of materials. The authors also discuss the transitional topic of multiscale modeling and recent developments on the atomistic scale and current attempts to reach the submicron scale, as well as the role that quantum mechanics can play in performance prediction. |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling and Dynamics of Bioinorganic Systems Lucia Banci, Peter Comba, 2012-12-06 A unique selection of papers on the most recent progress in the modelling of biological molecules containing metal ions. New approaches and techniques in this field are allowing researchers to discuss structures, electronic properties and reaction mechanisms of metalloproteins on the basis of computational studies. The book discusses different approaches in the development of new force fields and their application to the computation of the structures, electronic properties and dynamics of bioinorganic compounds as well as quantum mechanical and integrated QM/MM methods for understanding the function of metalloenzymes and the calculation of electrostatic interactions. |
| water molecule model: Mesoscale Modeling in Chemical Engineering Part II , 2016-02-16 Mesoscale Modeling in Chemical Engineering, a volume in the Advances in Chemical Engineering series provides the reader with personal views of authorities in the field. Subjects covered are not limited to the classical chemical engineering disciplines, with contributions connecting chemical engineering to related scientific fields, thus providing new ideas for additional thought. The book balances well developed areas such as process industry, transformation of materials, energy, and environmental issues with areas where applications of chemical engineering are more recent or emerging. - Contains reviews by leading authorities in the respective areas - Presents Up-to-date reviews of latest techniques in modeling of catalytic processes - Includes a mix of US and European authors, as well as academic/industrial/research institute perspectives - Contains the critical connections between computation and experimental methods |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling of Geochemical Reactions James D. Kubicki, 2016-07-22 Molecular processes in nature affect human health, the availability of resources and the Earth’s climate. Molecular modelling is a powerful and versatile toolbox that complements experimental data and provides insights where direct observation is not currently possible. Molecular Modeling of Geochemical Reactions: An Introduction applies computational chemistry to geochemical problems. Chapters focus on geochemical applications in aqueous, petroleum, organic, environmental, bio- and isotope geochemistry, covering the fundamental theory, practical guidance on applying techniques, and extensive literature reviews in numerous geochemical sub-disciplines. Topics covered include: • Theory and Methods of Computational Chemistry • Force Field Application and Development • Computational Spectroscopy • Thermodynamics • Structure Determination • Geochemical Kinetics This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers looking to understand geochemical processes on a molecular level. Novice practitioners of molecular modelling, experienced computational chemists, and experimentalists seeking to understand this field will all find information and knowledge of use in their research. |
| water molecule model: Microscale Chemistry Experiments Using Water and Disposable Materials (with 65 videos on attached DVD) , |
| water molecule model: Water Sheng Meng, Enge Wang, 2023-06-19 This book highlights the fundamentals for understanding the essential problems and latest progresses in basic water science. Water is the most abundant, fundamental and important matter in nature. Arguably it is also the material that human beings study the most but misunderstand the most. Compared with the environmental science and engineering research activities on water resources, water pollution and water usage closely related to social problems at the macro level, basic scientific research on water at the molecular level has just emerged, the impact of which is not fully recognized yet. This book is devoted to introducing some important advances in the field of basic water science in past decades, with a particular emphasis on recent results on water and the interactions between water and solid surfaces at the molecular level. Starting from introducing concepts and popular theoretical and experimental methods for basic water research, this book mainly focuses on the atomic composition, electronic structure, and physicochemical properties of water molecules, water clusters and water layers (including surface water layers and water surface layers), rules for water adsorption on metals, oxides, and other typical solid surfaces such as salt, as well as the microscopic processes and mechanisms of water diffusion, wetting, decomposition and phase transformations under a variety of conditions. It is a good reference book for students and researchers in water-related science. |
| water molecule model: Handbook of Computational Chemistry Jerzy Leszczynski, 2012-01-13 The role the Handbook of Computational Chemistry is threefold. It is primarily intended to be used as a guide that navigates the user through the plethora of computational methods currently in use; it explains their limitations and advantages; and it provides various examples of their important and varied applications. This reference work is presented in three volumes. Volume I introduces the different methods used in computational chemistry. Basic assumptions common to the majority of computational methods based on molecular, quantum, or statistical mechanics are outlined and special attention is paid to the limits of their applicability. Volume II portrays the applications of computational methods to model systems and discusses in detail molecular structures, the modelling of various properties of molecules and chemical reactions. Both ground and excited states properties are covered in the gas phase as well as in solution. This volume also describes Nanomaterials and covers topics such as clusters, periodic, and nano systems. Special emphasis is placed on the environmental effects of nanostructures. Volume III is devoted to the important class of Biomolecules. Useful models of biological systems considered by computational chemists are provided and RNA, DNA and proteins are discussed in detail. This volume presents examples of calcualtions of their properties and interactions and reveals the role of solvents in biologically important reactions as well as the structure function relationship of various classes of Biomolecules. |
| water molecule model: Molecular Mechanisms of Water Transport Across Biological Membranes Wilfred D. Stein, Thomas Zeuthen, 2002-04-02 International Review of Cytology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology--both plant and animal. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research. This volume looks at water movements from a wide range of levels. It examines how water interacts with the major components of the cell, including proteins and lipids. It discusses how water moves across cell membranes by diffusion, how it is chanelled across these membranes or, in certain cases, pumped across, and how water movements are controlled. This book demonstrates how water and ion movements are closely linked in order to provide a better understanding of their behavior. *Essential Physical chemistry of water at biological interfaces *Up-to-date reviews of water behavior in cells *Water in integrated systems *Current information on water channels across membranes |
| water molecule model: Hybrid Methods of Molecular Modeling Andrei L. Tchougréeff, 2008-08-01 Hybrid Methods of Molecular Modeling is a self-contained advanced review offering step by step derivation of the consistent theoretical picture of hybrid modeling methods and the thorough analysis of the concepts and current practical methods of hybrid modeling based on this theory. Hybrid Methods of Molecular Modeling presents its material in a sequential way paying attention both to the physical soundness of the approximations used and to the mathematical rigor necessary for practical developing of the robust modeling code. Historical remarks are given when it is necessary to put the current presentation in a more general context and to establish relation with other areas of computational chemistry. The reader should have experience with basic concepts of computational chemistry and/or molecular modeling. Basic knowledge of operators, wave functions, electron densities is necessary. |
| water molecule model: Advances in Inorganic Chemistry , 1993-01-06 Advances in Inorganic Chemistry |
| water molecule model: 3D Printed Science Projects Joan Horvath, Rich Cameron, 2016-05-11 Create 3D printable models that can help students from kindergarten through grad school learn math, physics, botany, chemistry, engineering and more. This book shows parents and teachers how to use the models inside as starting points for 3D printable explorations. Students can start with these models and vary them for their own explorations. Unlike other sets of models that can just be scaled, these models have the science built-in to allow for more insight into the fundamental concepts. Each of the eight topics is designed to be customized by you to create a wide range of projects suitable for science fairs, extra credit, or classroom demonstrations. Science fair project suggestions and extensive where to learn more resources are included, too. You will add another dimension to your textbook understanding of science. What You'll Learn Create (and present the science behind)3D printed models. Use a 3D printer to create those models as simply as possible. Discover new science insights from designing 3D models. Who This Book Is For Parents and teachers |
| water molecule model: Essentials of Micro- and Nanofluidics A. Terrence Conlisk, 2012-12-24 This textbook introduces students to the basic physical principles to analyse fluid flow in micro- and nano-size devices. This is the first book that unifies the thermal sciences with electrostatics and electrokinetics and colloid science; electrochemistry; and molecular biology. Key concepts and principles are discussed, such as the essentials of viscous flows, introductory electrochemistry, heat and mass transfer phenomena, elements of molecular and cell biology and much more. State-of-the-art analytical and computational approaches to problems in all of these areas are presented, especially electrokinetic flows, and examples are given of the use of these approaches to design devices used for rapid molecular analysis, biochemical sensing, drug delivery, DNA analysis, the design of an artificial kidney and other transport phenomena. There are exercise problems and modern examples of applications, as well as a solutions manual available for qualified instructors. |
| water molecule model: Fuel for the Future George Domazetis, 2019-08-09 We are currently facing a global problem caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases, mostly derived from fossil fuels, resulting in climate change. Communities want an affordable and secure supply of power alongside emissions reductions. Coal electricity generation offers a secure and affordable supply, but, currently, this comes with high emissions. This volume examines efforts by both industry and governments to develop a cleaner use of low rank coals. It presents leading research on creating affordable, high-quality fuel for efficient power generation, with a trajectory toward affordable zero-emissions production. This book will be of interest to organisations active in developing clean usage of coal and which conduct research on low emissions power. It will also contribute to policy development of low-, and zero-emissions coal power generation, particularly in regions with abundant deposits of low-cost brown coal, lignite, and subbituminous coal, including the US, China, Europe, India, Indonesia, and Australia. |
| water molecule model: Water in Biomaterials Surface Science Marco Morra, 2001-08-30 Presents the latest ideas and research on molecular hydration and hydration forces, and how they determine the interaction between water molecules and biomaterials surfaces. Consisting of three sections; theoretical aspects, analytical aspects and practical applications, it begins by placing the properties of water in a proper molecular perspective. The analytical aspects and practical applications offer a complete overview with new insights into the biomaterials/water interface by: - Discussing the latest approaches to the characterisation of water at interfaces and surface modification of biomaterials - Examining the problems related to the understanding and characterisation of interfacial water - Providing new perspectives of the interfacial interactions between materials and the physiological aqueous environment An invaluable resource for researchers in biomaterials surface science and the biotechnology industry. |
| water molecule model: Biophysics and Biochemistry of Cartilage by NMR and MRI Yang Xia, Konstantin Momot, 2016-11-09 This unique book describes the latest information in the fundamental understanding of the biophysics and biochemistry of articular cartilage using the state-of-the-art practices in NMR and MRI. This is the first book of its kind, written by physicists and chemists on this important tissue, whose degradation contributes to osteoarthritis and related joint diseases. Connecting the fundamental science with the clinical imaging applications, the experts Editors provide an authoritative addition to the literature. Ideal for practising physical scientists and radiologists with an interest in the fundamental science as well as instrument manufacturers and clinical researchers working with articular cartilage. |
| water molecule model: Surface Electrochemistry John O'M. Bockris, Shahad U.M. Khan, 2013-03-07 The text Modern Electrochemistry (authored by J. O'M. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy and published by Plenum Press in 1970) was written between 1967 and 1969. The concept for it arose in 1962 in the Energy Conversion Center at the University of Pennsylvania, and it was intended to act as a base for interdisciplinary students and mature scientists~hemists, physicists, biologists, metallurgists, and engineers-who wanted to know about electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In writing the book, the stress, therefore, was placed above all on lucidity in teaching physical electrochemistry from the beginning. Although this fundamentally undergraduate text continues to find purchasers 20 years after its birth, it has long been clear that a modernized edition should be written, and the plans to do so were the origin of the present book. However, if a new Bockris and Reddy was to be prepared and include the advances of the last 20 years, with the same degree of lucidity as characterized thefirst one, the depth of the development would have to be well short of that needed by professional electrochemists. |
| water molecule model: Soil and Water Chemistry Michael E. Essington, 2015-04-24 The second edition of a bestseller, Soil and Water Chemistry: An Integrative Approach maintains the balanced perspective that made the first edition a hugely popular textbook. The second edition includes new figures and tables, new chapters, and expanded exercises in each chapter. It covers topics including soil chemical environment, soil minerals, |
| water molecule model: Quantum Modeling of Complex Molecular Systems Jean-Louis Rivail, Manuel Ruiz-Lopez, Xavier Assfeld, 2015-10-13 This multi-author contributed volume includes methodological advances and original applications to actual chemical or biochemical phenomena which were not possible before the increased sophistication of modern computers. The chapters contain detailed reviews of the developments of various computational techniques, used to study complex molecular systems such as molecular liquids and solutions (particularly aqueous solutions), liquid-gas, solid-gas interphase and biomacromolecular systems. Quantum modeling of complex molecular systems is a useful resource for graduate students and fledgling researchers and is also an excellent companion for research professionals engaged in computational chemistry, material science, nanotechnology, physics, drug design, and molecular biochemistry. |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling in Drug Design Rebecca Wade, Outi Salo-Ahen, 2019-03-26 Since the first attempts at structure-based drug design about four decades ago, molecular modelling techniques for drug design have developed enormously, along with the increasing computational power and structural and biological information of active compounds and potential target molecules. Nowadays, molecular modeling can be considered to be an integral component of the modern drug discovery and development toolbox. Nevertheless, there are still many methodological challenges to be overcome in the application of molecular modeling approaches to drug discovery. The eight original research and five review articles collected in this book provide a snapshot of the state-of-the-art of molecular modeling in drug design, illustrating recent advances and critically discussing important challenges. The topics covered include virtual screening and pharmacophore modelling, chemoinformatic applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning, molecular dynamics simulation and enhanced sampling to investigate contributions of molecular flexibility to drug–receptor interactions, the modeling of drug–receptor solvation, hydrogen bonding and polarization, and drug design against protein–protein interfaces and membrane protein receptors. |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling at the Atomic Scale Ruhong Zhou, 2014-08-21 Although molecular modeling has been around for a while, the groundbreaking advancement of massively parallel supercomputers and novel algorithms for parallelization is shaping this field into an exciting new area. Developments in molecular modeling from experimental and computational techniques have enabled a wide range of biological applications. |
| water molecule model: Molecular Modeling for the Design of Novel Performance Chemicals and Materials Beena Rai, 2012-03-23 Molecular modeling (MM) tools offer significant benefits in the design of industrial chemical plants and material processing operations. While the role of MM in biological fields is well established, in most cases MM works as an accessory in novel products/materials development rather than a tool for direct innovation. As a result, MM engineers and |
| water molecule model: Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry David Spellmeyer, 2005-04-12 Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry is a new periodical providing timely and critical reviews of important topics in computational chemistry as applied to all chemical disciplines. Topics covered include quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics, force fields, chemical education, and applications in academic and industrial settings. Each volume is organized into (thematic) sections with contributions written by experts. Focusing on the most recent literature and advances in the field, each article covers a specific topic of importance to computational chemists. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry is a 'must' for researchers and students wishing to stay up-to-date on current developments in computational chemistry.* Broad coverage of computational chemistry and up-to-date information* The topics covered include quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics, force fields, chemical education, and applications in academic and industrial settings* Each chapter reviews the most recent literature on a specific topic of interest to computational chemists |
| water molecule model: Hydration Structures of Proteins Masayoshi Nakasako, 2021-10-25 This book describes hydration structures of proteins by combining experimental results with theoretical considerations. It is designed to introduce graduate students and researchers to microscopic views of the interactions between water and biological macromolecules and to provide them with an overview of the field. Topics on protein hydration from the past 25 years are examined, most of which involve crystallography, fluorescence measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations. In X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations, recent advances have accelerated the study of hydration structures over the entire surface of proteins. Experimentally, crystal structure analysis at cryogenic temperatures is advantageous in terms of visualizing the positions of hydration water molecules on the surfaces of proteins in their frozen-hydrated crystals. A set of massive data regarding hydration sites on protein surfaces provides an appropriate basis, enabling us to identify statistically significant trends in geometrical characteristics. Trajectories obtained from molecular dynamics simulations illustrate the motion of water molecules in the vicinity of protein surfaces at sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution to study the influences of hydration on protein motion. Together with the results and implications of these studies, the physical principles of the measurement and simulation of protein hydration are briefly summarized at an undergraduate level. Further, the author presents recent results from statistical approaches to characterizing hydrogen-bond geometry in local hydration structures of proteins. The book equips readers to better understand the structures and modes of interaction at the interface between water and proteins. Referred to as “hydration structures”, they are the subject of much discussion, as they may help to answer the question of why water is indispensable for life at the molecular and atomic level. |
| water molecule model: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1900 |
| water molecule model: Soil Carbon Alfred E. Hartemink, Kevin McSweeney, 2014-04-01 Few topics cut across the soil science discipline wider than research on soil carbon. This book contains 48 chapters that focus on novel and exciting aspects of soil carbon research from all over the world. It includes review papers by global leaders in soil carbon research, and the book ends with a list and discussion of global soil carbon research priorities. Chapters are loosely grouped in four sections: § Soil carbon in space and time § Soil carbon properties and processes § Soil use and carbon management § Soil carbon and the environment A wide variety of topics is included: soil carbon modelling, measurement, monitoring, microbial dynamics, soil carbon management and 12 chapters focus on national or regional soil carbon stock assessments. The book provides up-to-date information for researchers interested in soil carbon in relation to climate change and to researchers that are interested in soil carbon for the maintenance of soil quality and fertility. Papers in this book were presented at the IUSS Global Soil C Conference that was held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. |
| water molecule model: Lightning Transients and Protection for Renewable Energy System Qiuqin Sun, Li Zhang, Xiao Zhong, Feng Bin, Zhi Zheng, 2024-09-11 This book is dedicated to lightning transients and protection for renewable energy systems, including both wind and solar energy. In addition to the formation mechanism of lightning transients, the practical engineering application has also been addressed. This book is comprehensive and covers the methodology of electromagnetic transient modelling, electromagnetic coupling for PV system, lightning protection design, testing and evaluation. This book is particularly suitable for readers interested in lightning phenomena and renewable energy systems. It would benefit researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of electrical engineering, renewable energy, computational electromagnetism, etc. |
| water molecule model: Foundations of Molecular Modeling and Simulation Randall Q Snurr, Claire S. Adjiman, David A. Kofke, 2016-06-01 This book is a collection of select proceedings of the FOMMS 2015 conference. FOMMS 2015 was the sixth triennial FOMMS conference showcasing applications of theory of computational quantum chemistry, molecular science, and engineering simulation. The theme of the 2015 meeting was on Molecular Modeling and the Materials Genome. This volume comprises chapters on many distinct applications of molecular modeling techniques. The content will be useful to researchers and students alike. |
| water molecule model: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| water molecule model: Science, Democracy and Relativism Haris Shekeris, 2014-06-26 Science, Democracy and Relativism proposes and defends the thesis that scientific knowledge is produced through a process of argumentation and consensus among relevant communities of scientists, and that it is disseminated to other epistemic communities according to communitarian epistemology. Such a thesis considers scientific knowledge as unashamedly relative; however, this is regarded as a good thing for democracy, as it views knowledge as a matter of deliberation rather than something to be discovered. In order for democracy to flourish in modern settings where science is ever-present, and in order to avoid the creation of unelected and unaccountable scientific elites essentially producing state policy, it is necessary for the lay public to co-author, co-produce and co-own scientific knowledge. The book spans many disciplines in order to make its central argument, addressing topics ranging from political philosophy and theories of democracy, to the public understanding of science, science education, the sociology of scientific knowledge, science policy and the closure of scientific controversies, the philosophy of science, epistemology and semantics, and, finally, to sustainability science. The style of the prose and of the examples and topics discussed is deliberately simple, making the volume interesting and accessible to the interested lay-person. |
Gaps in Water Quality Modeling of Hydrologic Systems - MDPI
Apr 16, 2025 · This review assesses gaps in water quality modeling, emphasizing opportunities to improve next-generation models that are essential for managing water quality and are integral to …
Water | 2024 - Browse Issues - MDPI
Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques …
Water Resources in Jordan: A Review of Current Challenges and …
Oct 25, 2023 · Jordan is facing significant challenges related to water scarcity, including overexploitation of groundwater, increasing demand, and wasteful practices. Despite efforts to …
Contaminants in the Water Environment: Significance from the ...
Apr 23, 2025 · Water contamination is a global crisis with severe consequences for biodiversity, food security, and public health on an unprecedented scale. Contaminants disrupt aquatic …
Water | An Open Access Journal from MDPI
Water is a peer-reviewed, open access journal on water science and technology, including the ecology and management of water resources, and is published semimonthly online by …
Technical Problem Identification for the Failures of the Liberty Ships
Nov 8, 2016 · The U.S. Liberty Ship Building Program in World War II set a record—a total of 2700 Liberty Ships were built in 6 years, in order to support the battle against Nazi-Germany. …
A Review of Water Stress and Water Footprint Accounting - MDPI
Jan 15, 2021 · Production and consumption activities deplete freshwater, generate water pollution and may further lead to water stress. The accurate measurement of water stress is a …
Challenges and Solutions for Global Water Scarcity - MDPI
Jun 20, 2023 · Climate change, global population growth, and rising standards of living have put immense strain on natural resources, resulting in the unsecured availability of water as an …
Water Security in a Changing Environment: Concept, Challenges
Feb 14, 2021 · Water is of vital and critical importance to ecosystems and human societies. The effects of human activities on land and water are now large and extensive. These reflect physical …
Water Content of Plant Tissues: So Simple That Almost Forgotten?
Mar 9, 2023 · The aim of the present review was to reconsider basic information about various functional aspects related to plant water content and provide evidence that the usefulness of …
Gaps in Water Quality Modeling of Hydrologic Systems - MDPI
Apr 16, 2025 · This review assesses gaps in water quality modeling, emphasizing opportunities to improve next-generation models that are essential for managing water quality and are integral …
Water | 2024 - Browse Issues - MDPI
Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several …
Water Resources in Jordan: A Review of Current Challenges and …
Oct 25, 2023 · Jordan is facing significant challenges related to water scarcity, including overexploitation of groundwater, increasing demand, and wasteful practices. Despite efforts to …
Contaminants in the Water Environment: Significance from the ...
Apr 23, 2025 · Water contamination is a global crisis with severe consequences for biodiversity, food security, and public health on an unprecedented scale. Contaminants disrupt aquatic …
Water | An Open Access Journal from MDPI
Water is a peer-reviewed, open access journal on water science and technology, including the ecology and management of water resources, and is published semimonthly online by …
Technical Problem Identification for the Failures of the Liberty Ships
Nov 8, 2016 · The U.S. Liberty Ship Building Program in World War II set a record—a total of 2700 Liberty Ships were built in 6 years, in order to support the battle against Nazi-Germany. …
A Review of Water Stress and Water Footprint Accounting - MDPI
Jan 15, 2021 · Production and consumption activities deplete freshwater, generate water pollution and may further lead to water stress. The accurate measurement of water stress is a …
Challenges and Solutions for Global Water Scarcity - MDPI
Jun 20, 2023 · Climate change, global population growth, and rising standards of living have put immense strain on natural resources, resulting in the unsecured availability of water as an …
Water Security in a Changing Environment: Concept, Challenges
Feb 14, 2021 · Water is of vital and critical importance to ecosystems and human societies. The effects of human activities on land and water are now large and extensive. These reflect …
Water Content of Plant Tissues: So Simple That Almost Forgotten?
Mar 9, 2023 · The aim of the present review was to reconsider basic information about various functional aspects related to plant water content and provide evidence that the usefulness of …
