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| what is a dark figure of crime: A Dictionary of Sociology John Scott, Gordon Marshall, 2009 Contains over 2,500 alphabetically arranged entries providing definitions of terms and ideas related to sociology, along with cross-references, and biographical sketches of key individuals in the field. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System Alison Burke, David Carter, Brian Fedorek, Tiffany Morey, Lore Rutz-Burri, Shanell Sanchez, 2019 |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Understanding Crime Data Clive Coleman, Jenny Moynihan, 1996 Understanding crime data is a well structured text for students of criminology, and it includes annotated further reading, lists of basic concepts, and a glossary for ease of reference. It will also have considerable appeal to professionals in criminal justice, probation and social work. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Dark Dreams Roy Hazelwood, Stephen G. Michaud, 2002-10-13 Dark Dreams explores the minds of the insidious and perversely creative criminals profiler Roy Hazelwood has encountered. He reveals the methods of tracking them, catching them, bringing them to justice, and perhaps impossibly, understanding them.--[book cover]. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Become a Problem-Solving Crime Analyst Ronald Clarke, John E. Eck, 2014-06-03 Crime analysis has become an increasingly important part of policing and crime prevention, and thousands of specialist crime analysts are now employed by police forces worldwide. This is the first book to set out the principles and practice of crime analysis, and is designed to be used both by crime analysts themselves, by those responsible for the training of crime analysts and teaching its principles, and those teaching this subject as part of broader policing and criminal justice courses. The particular focus of this book is on the adoption of a problem solving approach, showing how crime analysis can be used and developed to support a problem oriented policing approach – based on the idea that the police should concentrate on identifying patterns of crime and anticipating crimes rather than just reacting to crimes once they have been committed. In his foreword to this book, Nick Ross, presenter of BBC Crime Watch, argues passionately that crime analysts are 'the new face of policing', and have a crucial part to play in the increasingly sophisticated police response to crime and its approach to crime prevention – 'You are the brains, the expert, the specialist, the boffin.' |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Estimating the Incidence of Rape and Sexual Assault Panel on Measuring Rape and Sexual Assault in Bureau of Justice Statistics Household Surveys, Committee on National Statistics, Division on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council, 2014-06-02 The Bureau of Justice Statistics' (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) measures the rates at which Americans are victims of crimes, including rape and sexual assault, but there is concern that rape and sexual assault are undercounted on this survey. BJS asked the National Research Council to investigate this issue and recommend best practices for measuring rape and sexual assault on their household surveys. Estimating the Incidence of Rape and Sexual Assault concludes that it is likely that the NCVS is undercounting rape and sexual assault. The most accurate counts of rape and sexual assault cannot be achieved without measuring them separately from other victimizations, the report says. It recommends that BJS develop a separate survey for measuring rape and sexual assault. The new survey should more precisely define ambiguous words such as rape, give more privacy to respondents, and take other steps that would improve the accuracy of responses. Estimating the Incidence of Rape and Sexual Assault takes a fresh look at the problem of measuring incidents of rape and sexual assault from the criminal justice perspective. This report examines issues such as the legal definitions in use by the states for these crimes, best methods for representing the definitions in survey instruments so that their meaning is clear to respondents, and best methods for obtaining as complete reporting as possible of these crimes in surveys, including methods whereby respondents may report anonymously. Rape and sexual assault are among the most injurious crimes a person can inflict on another. The effects are devastating, extending beyond the initial victimization to consequences such as unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, sleep and eating disorders, and other emotional and physical problems. Understanding the frequency and context under which rape and sexual assault are committed is vital in directing resources for law enforcement and support for victims. These data can influence public health and mental health policies and help identify interventions that will reduce the risk of future attacks. Sadly, accurate information about the extent of sexual assault and rape is difficult to obtain because most of these crimes go unreported to police. Estimating the Incidence of Rape and Sexual Assault focuses on methodology and vehicles used to measure rape and sexual assaults, reviews potential sources of error within the NCVS survey, and assesses the training and monitoring of interviewers in an effort to improve reporting of these crimes. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Art & Crime Stefan Koldehoff, Tobias Timm, 2022-07-12 A thrilling, eye-popping look at true crime in the billion-dollar art world. The art world is one of the most secretive of global businesses, and the list of its crimes runs long and deep. Today, with prices in the hundreds of millions for individual artworks, and billionaires' collections among the most conspicuous and liquid of their assets, crime is more rampant than ever in this largely unregulated universe. Increased prices and globalization have introduced new levels of fraud and malfeasance into the art world--everything from artnapping, in which an artwork is held hostage and only returned for a ransom, to forgery and tax fraud. However, the extent of the economic and cultural damage that results from criminality in the global art scene rarely comes to light. The stories of high-stakes, brazen art crimes told by art experts Stefan Koldehoff and Tobias Timm are by turns thrilling, disturbing, and unbelievable (the imagination for using art to commit crimes seems boundless). The authors also provide a well-founded analysis of what needs to change in the art market and at museums. From the authors of False Pictures, Real Money (about the Beltracchi art forgery case), Art and Crime includes a chapter on art owned by Donald Trump. It is a thoroughly researched, explosive, and highly topical book that uncovers the extraordinary and multifarious thefts of art and cultural objects around the world. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Big Data Meets Survey Science Craig A. Hill, Paul P. Biemer, Trent D. Buskirk, Lilli Japec, Antje Kirchner, Stas Kolenikov, Lars E. Lyberg, 2020-09-29 Offers a clear view of the utility and place for survey data within the broader Big Data ecosystem This book presents a collection of snapshots from two sides of the Big Data perspective. It assembles an array of tangible tools, methods, and approaches that illustrate how Big Data sources and methods are being used in the survey and social sciences to improve official statistics and estimates for human populations. It also provides examples of how survey data are being used to evaluate and improve the quality of insights derived from Big Data. Big Data Meets Survey Science: A Collection of Innovative Methods shows how survey data and Big Data are used together for the benefit of one or more sources of data, with numerous chapters providing consistent illustrations and examples of survey data enriching the evaluation of Big Data sources. Examples of how machine learning, data mining, and other data science techniques are inserted into virtually every stage of the survey lifecycle are presented. Topics covered include: Total Error Frameworks for Found Data; Performance and Sensitivities of Home Detection on Mobile Phone Data; Assessing Community Wellbeing Using Google Street View and Satellite Imagery; Using Surveys to Build and Assess RBS Religious Flag; and more. Presents groundbreaking survey methods being utilized today in the field of Big Data Explores how machine learning methods can be applied to the design, collection, and analysis of social science data Filled with examples and illustrations that show how survey data benefits Big Data evaluation Covers methods and applications used in combining Big Data with survey statistics Examines regulations as well as ethical and privacy issues Big Data Meets Survey Science: A Collection of Innovative Methods is an excellent book for both the survey and social science communities as they learn to capitalize on this new revolution. It will also appeal to the broader data and computer science communities looking for new areas of application for emerging methods and data sources. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: The Criminology of Place David L. Weisburd, Elizabeth R. Groff, Sue-Ming Yang, 2012-11-22 Based on a 16-year longitudinal study of crime in Seattle, Washington. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Policing UK Honour-Based Abuse Crime Rachael Aplin, 2020-08-14 This book examines the different forms that honour-based abuse crimes take and analyses the discretionary police practices employed when responding to these incidents. Honour-based abuse is an incident or crime involving violence, threats of violence, intimidation, coercion or abuse committed in order to protect or defend the honour of an individual, family and or community for a perceived breach of their code of behaviour. Based on unique UK police data, it includes examination of one hundred honour abuse cases and interviews with fifteen predominantly detective specialist police officers that investigate this crime. This book recognises the challenges encountered when policing honour-based abuse and offers recommendations for addressing them. It will particularly benefit police forces in England and Wales, the Home Office, scholars in gendered violence and policing, and non-government organisations (charities supporting victims) by highlighting some of the issues associated with policing, partnership working arrangements and safeguarding victims of honour-based abuse crimes. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Indecent Advances James Polchin, 2020-05-26 Edgar Award finalist, Best Fact Crime American Masters (PBS), “1 of 5 Essential Culture Reads” One of CrimeReads’ “Best True Crime Books of the Year” “A fast–paced, meticulously researched, thoroughly engaging (and often infuriating) look–see into the systematic criminalization of gay men and widespread condemnation of homosexuality post–World War I.” —Alexis Burling, San Francisco Chronicle Stories of murder have never been just about killers and victims. Instead, crime stories take the shape of their times and reflect cultural notions and prejudices. In this Edgar Award–finalist for Best Fact Crime, James Polchin recovers and recounts queer stories from the crime pages―often lurid and euphemistic―that reveal the hidden history of violence against gay men. But what was left unsaid in these crime pages provides insight into the figure of the queer man as both criminal and victim, offering readers tales of vice and violence that aligned gender and sexual deviance with tragic, gruesome endings. Victims were often reported as having made “indecent advances,” forcing the accused's hands in self–defense and reducing murder charges to manslaughter. As noted by Caleb Cain in The New Yorker review of Indecent Advances, “it’s impossible to understand gay life in twentieth–century America without reckoning with the dark stories. Gay men were unable to shake free of them until they figured out how to tell the stories themselves, in a new way.” Indecent Advances is the first book to fully investigate these stories of how queer men navigated a society that criminalized them and displayed little compassion for the violence they endured. Polchin shows, with masterful insight, how this discrimination was ultimately transformed by activists to help shape the burgeoning gay rights movement in the years leading up to Stonewall. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Inequality, Crime and Public Policy (Routledge Revivals) John Braithwaite, 2013-09-13 First published in 1979, Inequality, Crime, and Public Policy integrates and interprets the vast corpus of existing research on social class, slums, and crime, and presents its own findings on these matters. It explores two major questions. First, do policies designed to redistribute wealth and power within capitalist societies have effects upon crime? Second, do policies created to overcome the residential segregation of social classes have effects on crime? The book provides a brilliantly comprehensive and systematic review of the empirical evidence to support or refute the classic theories of Engles, Bonger, Merton, Cloward and Ohlin, Cohen, Miller, Shaw and McKay, amongst many others. Braithwaite confronts these theories with evidence of the extent and nature of white collar crime, and a consideration of the way law enhancement and law enforcement might serve class interest. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Understanding Crime Statistics James P. Lynch, Lynn A. Addington, 2006-12-04 In Understanding Crime Statistics, Lynch and Addington draw on the work of leading experts on U.S. crime statistics to provide much-needed research on appropriate use of this data. Specifically, the contributors explore the issues surrounding divergence in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which have been the two major indicators of the level and of the change in level of crime in the United States for the past 30 years. This book examines recent changes in the UCR and the NCVS and assesses the effect these have had on divergence. By focusing on divergence, the authors encourage readers to think about how these data systems filter the reality of crime. Understanding Crime Statistics builds on this discussion of divergence to explain how the two data systems can be used as they were intended - in complementary rather than competitive ways. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: The Mismeasure of Crime Clayton J. Mosher, Terance D. Miethe, Timothy C. Hart, 2010-12-01 Filled with real world examples derived from media reports on crime trends and other sources, this fully updated Second Edition analyzes the specific errors that can occur in the three most common methods used to report crime—official crime data, self report, and victimization studies. For each method, the authors examine strengths and weaknesses, the fundamental issues surrounding accuracy, and the method's application to theoretical and policy research. Throughout the book, the authors demonstrate the factors that underlie crime data and illustrate the fundamental links between theory, policy, and data measurement. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Patterns in Crime paul j brantingham, 1974 |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Introduction to Criminology Anthony Walsh, Craig Hemmens, 2008-03-07 Combining the didactic approach of a textbook with well-edited critical research articles, Introduction to Criminology provides the best of both worlds, offering a unique new spin on the core textbook format. Organized like a more traditional introductory criminology text, this Text/Reader is divided into 14 sections that contain all the usual topics taught in an introduction to criminology course. After a comprehensive overview, each section has an introductory mini-chapter that provides engaging coverage of key concepts, developments, controversial issues, and research in the field. These authored introductions are followed by carefully selected and edited original research articles. The readings were written by criminology experts and often have a policy orientation that will help address student interest in the so what? application of theory. Key Features and Benefits Features the unique How to Read a Research Article-tied to the first reading in the book-to guide students in understanding and learning from the edited articles that appear throughout the text Boasts extensive and innovative coverage of the field of criminology, with special emphasis on the modern psychosocial and biosocial theories and concepts and integrating them with traditional sociological theories Utilizes unique summary tables at the ends of all theory chapters to allow students to quickly observe differences and similarities between competing theories Concludes all theory chapters with a distinctive section that presents policy and prevention implications to describe how the theories can be applied to social and criminal |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Dark and Tangled Threads of Crime William B. Secrest, 2004 He came to California with the great Gold Rush, but instead of riches, Isaiah W. Lees discovered his great talent for solving crimes and catching criminals. He captured stage robbers in Missouri, tracked con men to New York and caught the notorious eastern bank robber, Jimmy Hope in the middle of a San Francisco heist. San Francisco in the 1850's, was the gateway to the gold fields, a city filled with adventurers, outlaws, con men and desperadoes of every description. In 1853 Isaiah Lees was appointed the first Chief of Detectives on the new Police Force and during nearly fifty years he acquired an amazing record. An innovator of police methods, Lees easily eclipsed such legendary lawman as Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp. When he retired as chief in 1900, the San Francisco Chronicle stated that in point of service, no one has ever equaled the record of Lees. He was the right man, in the right place, at the right time, and this is his exciting, true story, told here for the first time. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Victims, Crime and Society Pamela Davies, Peter Francis, Chris Greer, 2007-11-18 'Focusing on key issues, themes and concepts within victimology, this edited collection provides an accessible and comprehensive critical analysis of crucial areas within victimisation. The main theories are related to, and integrated with, empirical research in an engaging style.' - Dr Anette Ballinger, Keele University 'This book achieves the rare feat of helping its readers without patronising them. The aids to the reader - tables, boxes, glossaries, questions, and suggestions for further reading - will prove genuinely helpful to students and their teachers, but they appear within a text that is theoretically informed as well as comprehensive and up to date in its coverage. It deserves to be widely read and used in the teaching of criminology, victimology, and criminal justice' - Professor David Smith, University of Lancaster, UK. Organized around the intersecting social divisions of class, race, age and gender, the book provides an engaging and authoritative overview of the nature of victimisation in society. In addition to a review of the major theoretical developments in relation to understanding aspects of victimization in society, individual chapters explore the political and social context of victimisation and the historical, comparative and contemporary research and scholarly work on it. Each chapter includes the following: - Background and glossary - Theory, research and policy review - `Thinking critically about...' sections - Reflections and future research directions - Summary and conclusions - Annotated bibliography Victims, Crime and Society is the essential text on victims for students of criminology, criminal justice, community safety, youth justice and related areas. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky, 2025-02-17 “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Dostoevsky plunges into the mind of Rodion Raskolnikov, a destitute former student in the teeming, oppressive streets of St. Petersburg. The novel opens with a vivid description of Raskolnikov's impoverished existence, his room a mere “cupboard or box,” and the squalor he endures. Haunted by a desperate idea, he commits a brutal act: the murder of an elderly pawnbroker and her innocent sister, Lizaveta, with an axe. This act is not born of malice, but from a twisted theory that posits the existence of “extraordinary” individuals who are above the law and capable of shaping history. Raskolnikov sees himself as such a man, and the murder as a test of his own will and fortitude. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Understanding Criminology Walklate, Sandra, 2007-06-01 This textbook is designed to cover the major areas of debate within the fields of criminology, criminal justice and penology. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Crime Scene Investigation National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation, 2000 This is a guide to recommended practices for crime scene investigation. The guide is presented in five major sections, with sub-sections as noted: (1) Arriving at the Scene: Initial Response/Prioritization of Efforts (receipt of information, safety procedures, emergency care, secure and control persons at the scene, boundaries, turn over control of the scene and brief investigator/s in charge, document actions and observations); (2) Preliminary Documentation and Evaluation of the Scene (scene assessment, walk-through and initial documentation); (3) Processing the Scene (team composition, contamination control, documentation and prioritize, collect, preserve, inventory, package, transport, and submit evidence); (4) Completing and Recording the Crime Scene Investigation (establish debriefing team, perform final survey, document the scene); and (5) Crime Scene Equipment (initial responding officers, investigator/evidence technician, evidence collection kits). |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Days on Fes, Vol. 3 Kanato Oka, 2021-09-28 When Mero Fukagawa-a classmate with a crush on Kanade-invites her and Otoha to attend Ultima Rock Fest in Shibuya, it’s the girls’ first time at an urban music festival. With the opportunity to visit a bevy of smaller venues and get closer to the bands than ever before, this event is a far cry from the outdoor performances they’ve experienced. Mero is actually playing at the festival himself (and he hopes to show Kanade his best side), but his competition is stiff: Kanade’s favorite band, Daze on Youth, is also there! |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Crime And Behaviour: An Introduction To Criminal And Forensic Psychology Majeed Khader, 2019-06-24 Crime and Behaviour: An Introduction to Criminal and Forensic Psychology is the first textbook to provide a detailed overview of criminal psychology in Singapore. The textbook puts together ideas relating to crime, crime prevention, and criminal psychology, as it occurs in the Singaporean context. While leveraging on psychology as an anchor, the book adopts a multidisciplinary perspective and examines the forensic sciences angle, legal issues, and the investigative perspectives of crimes.The chapters cover criminal justice agencies in Singapore, theories of crime, deception and lying behaviors, sex crimes, violent crimes, crime prevention, terrorism, and psychology applied in legal settings. Each chapter contains case studies of actual cases and ends with questions for discussion and research, making this a valuable text for courses in university and in law enforcement settings.This textbook has several unique features, such as: |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Handbook on Crime and Deviance Marvin D. Krohn, Alan J. Lizotte, Gina Penly Hall, 2010-01-15 |
| what is a dark figure of crime: The Mismeasure of Crime Clayton J. Mosher, Terance D. Miethe, Dretha M Phillips, Dretha M. Phillips, 2002-02-06 After a decade of steady decline, the appearance of conflicting reports regarding crime statistics has led many to call into question the accuracy of the current methods used to compile these statistics. Because the measurement of social phenomena involves human decisions, inevitably errors are made. This book aims to identify and examine the nature of these errors so that social scientists, legislators, and the general public will be able to conduct a healthy dialogue on the topic in order to remedy some of the problems. Before the book goes into much contemporary detail, historical measures of crime are given an overview. The authors then follow with chapters on the three most common methods used to report crime. Official data, self report, and victimization studies are analyzed in depth in order to discuss the specific errors that can occur in each type of measurement. The final chapter of the book describes ways that these measures can be applied to specific situations. The end result is the formation of a clearer picture of the impact these measures can have on the formation of crime prevention and control policies. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: The Globalization of Crime United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2010 In The globalization of crime: a transnational organized crime threat assessment, UNODC analyses a range of key transnational crime threats, including human trafficking, migrant smuggling, the illicit heroin and cocaine trades, cybercrime, maritime piracy and trafficking in environmental resources, firearms and counterfeit goods. The report also examines a number of cases where transnational organized crime and instability amplify each other to create vicious circles in which countries or even subregions may become locked. Thus, the report offers a striking view of the global dimensions of organized crime today. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Criminal Behavior Jacqueline B. Helfgott, 2008-03-13 This textbook provides an interdisciplinary overview of theories of crime, explanations of how and why criminal typologies are developed, literature reviews for each of the major crime catagories, and discussions of how theories of crime are used at different stages of the criminal justice process. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: An Introduction to Sociology Ken Browne, 2005-04-29 Thoroughly revised and fully updated, An Introduction to Sociology gives concise yet comprehensive coverage of all the topics specified by the GCSE examining boards. The second edition was described by the AQA's Chief Examiner for GCSE Sociology as establishing 'the standard for textbooks at this level' - this new edition builds on the book's existing achievements. New material is found throughout the book, including substantive new sections on gender, identity, citizenship, education, new social movements, poverty and the welfare state, religion, the mass media, work and leisure, and population. The book has been carefully designed to support and extend students' learning. Each chapter begins with a summary of the key issues to be covered, and goes on to highlight important terms, which are then explained in a clear glossary. Summaries at the end of each chapter, a lively range of new activities and discussion points, the use of websites, as well as helpful suggestions for coursework, all add to the book's value as a learning and teaching resource. Student-friendly cartoons, tables, diagrams, and photographs - and the re-designed internal lay-out - also enliven the text, making sociology seem exciting and relevant to students of all interests and abilities. The new edition of this highly successful textbook will prove invaluable to anyone taking an introductory sociology course, especially at GCSE and related levels. Students taking AS and A-level - as well as Access, nursing, and health and social care courses - will also find the book provides an easy and fun introduction to studying sociology. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Desistance from Crime Michael Rocque, 2017-04-25 This book represents a brief treatise on the theory and research behind the concept of desistance from crime. This ever-growing field has become increasingly relevant as questions of serious issues regarding sentencing, probation and the penal system continue to go unanswered. Rocque covers the history of research on desistance from crime and provides a discussion of research and theories on the topic before looking towards the future of the application of desistance to policy. The focus of the volume is to provide an overview of the practical and theoretical developments to better understand desistance. In addition, a multidisciplinary, integrative theoretical perspective is presented, ensuring that it will be of particular interest for students and scholars of criminology and the criminal justice system. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Crime Analysis Steven Gottlieb, Sheldon I. Arenberg, 1991 |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Imprisoning Communities : How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse City University of New York Todd R Clear Distinguished Professor John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 2007-06-29 At no time in history, and certainly in no other democratic society, have prisons been filled so quickly and to such capacity than in the United States. And nowhere has this growth been more concentrated than in the disadvantaged--and primarily minority--neighborhoods of America's largest urban cities. In the most impoverished places, as much as 20% of the adult men are locked up on any given day, and there is hardly a family without a father, son, brother, or uncle who has not been behind bars. While the effects of going to and returning home from prison are well-documented, little attention has been paid to the impact of removal on neighborhoods where large numbers of individuals have been imprisoned. In the first detailed, empirical exploration of the effects of mass incarceration on poor places, Imprisoning Communities demonstrates that in high doses incarceration contributes to the very social problems it is intended to solve: it breaks up family and social networks; deprives siblings, spouses, and parents of emotional and financial support; and threatens the economic and political infrastructure of already struggling neighborhoods. Especially at risk are children who, research shows, are more likely to commit a crime if a father or brother has been to prison. Clear makes the counterintuitive point that when incarceration concentrates at high levels, crime rates will go up. Removal, in other words, has exactly the opposite of its intended effect: it destabilizes the community, thus further reducing public safety. Demonstrating that the current incarceration policy in urban America does more harm than good, from increasing crime to widening racial disparities and diminished life chances for youths, Todd Clear argues that we cannot overcome the problem of mass incarceration concentrated in poor places without incorporating an idea of community justice into our failing correctional and criminal justice systems. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Art and Crime Noah Charney, 2009-05-14 Through the use of case examples and careful examination, this book presents the first interdisciplinary essay collection on the study of art crime, and its effect on all aspects of the art world. Contributors discuss art crime subcategories, including vandalism, iconoclasm, forgery, fraud, peace-time theft, war looting, archaeological looting, smuggling, submarine looting, and ransom. The contributors offer insightful analyses coupled with specific practical suggestions to implement in the future to prevent and address art crime. This work is of critical importance to anyone involved in the art world, its trade, study, and security. Art crime has received relatively little attention from those who study art to those who prosecute crimes. Indeed, the general public is not well-aware of the various forms of art crime and its impact on society at large, to say nothing of museums, history, and cultural affairs. And yet it involves a multi-billion dollar legitimate industry, with a conservatively-estimated $6 billion annual criminal profit. Information about and analysis of art crime is critical to the wide variety of fields involved in the art trade and art preservation, from museums to academia, from auction houses to galleries, from insurance to art law, from policing to security. Since the Second World War, art crime has evolved from a relatively innocuous crime, into the third highest-grossing annual criminal trade worldwide, run primarily by organized crime syndicates, and therefore funding their other enterprises, from the drug and arms trades to terrorism. It is no longer merely the art that is at stake. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Pinocchio (木偶奇遇記) Carlo Collodi, 2011-01-25 ※ Google Play 圖書不支援多媒體播放 ※ |
| what is a dark figure of crime: People who Eat Darkness Richard Lloyd Parry, 2012 A skillful, definitive history of one of the most notorious crimes of the past decade.--Page 3 of cover. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Criminological Research Lesley Noaks, Emma Wincup, 2004-05-24 Criminological Research offers a comprehensive guide to both the theory and practice of qualitative criminological research. Through a detailed yet concise explanation, the reader is shown how a variety of methods and approaches work and how their outcomes may be interpreted. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: The Civilization of Crime Eric Arthur Johnson, Eric H. Monkkonen, 1996 Along with most of the rest of Western culture, has crime itself become more civilized? This book exposes as myths the beliefs that society has become more violent than it has been in the past and that violence is more likely to occur in cities than in rural areas. The product of years of study by scholars from North America and Europe, The Civilization of Crime shows that, however violent some large cities may be now, both rural and urban communities in Sweden, Holland, England, and other countries were far more violent during the late Middle Ages than any cities are today. Contributors show that the dramatic change is due, in part, to the fact that violence was often tolerated or even accepted as a form of dispute settlement in village-dominated premodern society. Interpersonal violence declined in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as dispute resolution was taken over by courts and other state institutions and the church became increasingly intolerant of it. The book also challenges a number of other historical-sociological theories, among them that contemporary organized crime is new, and addresses continuing debate about the meaning and usefulness of crime statistics. CONTRIBUTORS: Esther Cohen, Herman Diederiks, Florike Egmond, Eric A. Johnson, Michele Mancino, Eric H. Monkkonen, Eva Österberg, James A. Sharpe, Pieter Spierenburg, Jan Sundin, Barbara Weinberger |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Anatomy of Crime Mutea Rukwaru, 2008-12-09 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 There is no society which is free from crime and criminals. As society advances and new changes sets in crime is bound to increase. Any society which is dynamic should prepare itself to meet the challenge of crime. It is also important to note that even in the dim past crime existed. There were the rules and don'ts of the society though they were not documented. Causes of crime are multifaceted and this means that the treatment plan should also be multifaceted. A question which comes up often is, are criminals born or made by the society? Has hereditary any part to play? Anatomy of crime attempts to address the theories which attempt to explain crime commission, how societies in the older times dealt with crime, the modern ways of dealing with criminals and lastly the book gives detailed and pragmatic approach to crime prevention. Anatomy of crime covers introduction to basic concepts in criminology, Types of crimes, Theories of crime causation, History of punishments; Police, history, functions and challenges, Capital punishment, Corporal punishment, History of prisons Anatomy of crime also covers A view of prisons, prisoners, prison officers; Prison problems, Prisons reforms, Fine, Probation, Parole; Forfeiture, security for good behavior, settlements and absolute and conditional discharge, Extra mural penal employment (EMPE), Guided group interaction programmes and Crime prevention /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} |
| what is a dark figure of crime: The Rise and Fall of Violent Crime in America Barry Latzer, 2017 Starting in the late 1960s, the United States suffered the biggest rise in violent crime in its history. Aside from the movement for black civil rights, it is difficult to think of a phenomenon that had a more profound effect on American life in the last third of the 20th century. Fear of murder, rape, robbery and assault influenced decisions on where to live and where to school one's children, how to commute to work and where to spend one's leisure time. In some locales, people dreaded leaving their homes at any time, day or night, and many Americans spent part of each day literally looking over their shoulders. [This books is a] synthesis of criminology and social history that...explains how and why violent crime exploded across the United States in the late 60s--and what ultimately drove it down decades later. It is the first book of its kind to analyze criminal violence in the U.S. from World War II to the 21st century. It examines crime in the context of all of the major social trends since the World War, including the postwar economic boom and suburbanization, the Baby Boom and the turmoil of the 60s, the urbanization of minorities, the advent of crack cocaine, the hardening of the criminal justice system and current efforts to contract it.-- |
| what is a dark figure of crime: The Costs of Crime and Justice Mark A. Cohen, 2005 In The Costs of Crime and Justice, Mark Cohen presents a comprehensive view of the financial setbacks of criminal behaviour. Victims of crime might incur medical costs, lost wages and property damage; while for some crimes pain, suffering and reduced quality of life suffered by victims far exceeds any physical damage. The government also incurs costs as the provider of mental health services, police, courts and prisons. Cohen argues that understanding the costs of crime can lead to important insights and policy conclusions - both in terms of criminal justice policy but also in terms of other social ills that compete with crime for government funding. This book systematically discusses the numerous methodological approaches and tallies up what is known about the costs of crime A must-read for anyone involved in public policy, The Costs of Crime and Justice consolidates the diverse research in this area but also makes one of the most valuable contributions to date to the study of the economics of criminal behavior. |
| what is a dark figure of crime: Understanding Global Slavery Kevin Bales, 2005-11-07 Although slavery is illegal throughout the world, we learned from Kevin Bales's highly praised exposé, Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy, that more than twenty-seven million people—in countries from Pakistan to Thailand to the United States--are still trapped in bondage. With this new volume, Bales, the leading authority on modern slavery, looks beyond the specific instances of slavery described in his last book to explore broader themes about slavery's causes, its continuation, and how it might be ended. Written to raise awareness and deepen understanding, and touching again on individual lives around the world, this book tackles head-on one of the most urgent and difficult problems facing us today. Each of the chapters in Understanding Global Slavery explores a different facet of global slavery. Bales investigates slavery's historical roots to illuminate today's puzzles. He explores our basic ideas about what slavery is and how the phenomenon fits into our moral, political, and economic worlds. He seeks to explain how human trafficking brings people into our cities and how the demand for trafficked workers, servants, and prostitutes shapes modern slavery. And he asks how we can study and measure this mostly hidden crime. Throughout, Bales emphasizes that to end global slavery, we must first understand it. This book is a step in that direction. |
Dark (TV series) - Wikipedia
Dark has received critical acclaim for its acting, direction, writing, tone, visuals, themes, musical score, and the ambition and complexity of its narrative.
Dark (TV Series 2017–2020) - IMDb
Reviewers say 'Dark' is a complex, thought-provoking show with intricate storytelling and time travel themes. The series is praised for its deep, philosophical questions and strong …
Watch Dark | Netflix Official Site
A missing child sets four families on a frantic hunt for answers as they unearth a mind-bending mystery that spans three generations. Starring: Louis Hofmann, Oliver Masucci, Jördis Triebel. …
Dark timeline explained - Chronological order of the entire series
3 days ago · The Dark timeline begins in the Origin World, which is a universe separate from the two that the show spends most of its time exploring.In this world, H.G. Tannhaus, a …
Dark | Dark Wiki | Fandom
Dark is a German science fiction thriller family drama series created by Baran bo Odar and Jantje Friese. Set in the fictional small town of Winden, it revolves around four interconnected …
Dark | Rotten Tomatoes
Discover reviews, ratings, and trailers for Dark on Rotten Tomatoes. Stay updated with critic and audience scores today!
DARK | The Official Guide | NETFLIX
Discover how everything is the same, but different.
Dark Season 1 - watch full episodes streaming online - JustWatch
4 days ago · Currently you are able to watch "Dark - Season 1" streaming on Netflix, Netflix Standard with Ads. There aren't any free streaming options for Dark right now. If you want …
Series "Dark" Explained: Characters, Timelines, Ending, Meaning
Jan 5, 2023 · In this article, we will dive deep into the world of “Dark” and explore the many layers of its plot, characters, and themes. We will examine the show’s time-traveling concept, the …
Dark Summary, Latest News, Trailer, Season List, Cast, Where to …
Netflix's Dark is a sci-fi thriller that follows the populace of a German town on the search for a missing child that quickly spins into a time-traveling journey into the heart of a conspiracy.
Dark (TV series) - Wikipedia
Dark has received critical acclaim for its acting, direction, writing, tone, visuals, themes, musical score, and the ambition and complexity of its narrative.
Dark (TV Series 2017–2020) - IMDb
Reviewers say 'Dark' is a complex, thought-provoking show with intricate storytelling and time travel themes. The series is praised for its deep, philosophical questions and strong …
Watch Dark | Netflix Official Site
A missing child sets four families on a frantic hunt for answers as they unearth a mind-bending mystery that spans three generations. Starring: Louis Hofmann, Oliver Masucci, Jördis Triebel. …
Dark timeline explained - Chronological order of the entire series
3 days ago · The Dark timeline begins in the Origin World, which is a universe separate from the two that the show spends most of its time exploring.In this world, H.G. Tannhaus, a …
Dark | Dark Wiki | Fandom
Dark is a German science fiction thriller family drama series created by Baran bo Odar and Jantje Friese. Set in the fictional small town of Winden, it revolves around four interconnected …
Dark | Rotten Tomatoes
Discover reviews, ratings, and trailers for Dark on Rotten Tomatoes. Stay updated with critic and audience scores today!
DARK | The Official Guide | NETFLIX
Discover how everything is the same, but different.
Dark Season 1 - watch full episodes streaming online - JustWatch
4 days ago · Currently you are able to watch "Dark - Season 1" streaming on Netflix, Netflix Standard with Ads. There aren't any free streaming options for Dark right now. If you want …
Series "Dark" Explained: Characters, Timelines, Ending, Meaning
Jan 5, 2023 · In this article, we will dive deep into the world of “Dark” and explore the many layers of its plot, characters, and themes. We will examine the show’s time-traveling concept, the …
Dark Summary, Latest News, Trailer, Season List, Cast, Where to …
Netflix's Dark is a sci-fi thriller that follows the populace of a German town on the search for a missing child that quickly spins into a time-traveling journey into the heart of a conspiracy.
