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| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Antony C. Sutton, 1968 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development 1930 to 1945 Antony C Sutton, 1973-10 THIS is the second volume of an empirical study of the relationship between Western technology and entrepreneurship and the economic growth of the Soviet Union. The continuing transfer of skills and technology to the Soviet Union through the medium of foreign firms and engineers in the period 1930 to 1945 can only be characterized as extraordinary. A thorough and systematic search unearthed only two major items--SK-B synthetic rubber and the Ramzin 'once-through' boiler--and little more than a handful of lesser designs (several aircraft, a machine gun, and a motorless combine) which could accurately be called the result of Soviet technology; the balance was transferred from the West. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development 1917 to 1930 Antony C. Sutton, 1968 THIS is the first volume, time period 1917-1930, of an empirical study of the relationship between Western technology, entrepreneurship and the economic growth of the Soviet Union. By far the most significant factor in the development of the Soviet economy has been its absorption of Western technology and skills. The continuing transfer of skills and technology to the Soviet Union through the medium of foreign firms and engineers in the period 1917 to 1930 can only be characterized as extraordinary. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Antony C. Sutton, 1985 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Joseph Piłsudski: a European Federalist, 1918-1922 M. K. Dziewanowski, 1969 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution Antony C. Sutton, 2011-01-01 Why did the American Red Cross Mission to Russia include more financiers than medical doctors? Rather than caring fro the victims of war and revolution, its members seemed more intent on negotiating contracts with the Kerensky government, and subsequently the Bolshevik regime ... Sutton establishes tangible historical links between US capitalists and Russian communists. Drawing on State Department files, personal papers of key Wall Street figures, biographies and conventional histories, Sutton ... traces the foundations of Western funding of the Soviet Union--Publisher's description. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Antony C. Sutton, 1968 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development: 1930 to 1945 Antony C. Sutton, 1968 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Antony C. Sutton, 1968 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Antony C. Sutton, 1968 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Antony Cyril Sutton, 1971 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development 1945-1968 Antony C. Sutton, 2022-05-10 THIS is the third volume of an empirical study of the relationship between Western technology and entrepreneurship and the economic growth of the Soviet Union. The continuing transfer of skills and technology to the Soviet Union through the medium of foreign firms and engineers in the period 1945 to 1965 can only be characterized as extraordinary. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Antony C. Sutton, 1973 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: The Struggle for the Third World Jerry Hough, 2010-12-01 In the last quarter century the Soviet Union and the United States have repeatedly come into conflict in various parts of the third world. During this period the most backward third world countries have sometimes proved susceptible to radical revolution, but the countries well on the way to industrialization have moved away from left-wing economic and political policies. In the longer perspective the West has been winning the struggle for the third world. The changes in those countries have been the subject of intense published debate in the Soviet Union—debate on Marxist concepts of the stages of history, on theories of economic development and revolutionary strategy, and on foreign policy. Jerry F. Hough explores the breakup of the orthodox Stalinist position on these issues and the evolution of free-swinging discussion about them. He suggests that, paradoxically, many of the old Stalinist ideas retain their strongest hold in the United States, which has not fully recognized its victory in the third world and the importance of the West's great economic power. The United States too often assumes that radical regimes will inevitably follow the Soviet path of development and that the nature of a regime determines the nature of its foreign policy. Because of these misperceptions, Hough argues the United States misses many opportunities in the third world. It emphasizes military power, even to the extent of undermining its crucial economic power, and it fails to offer the face-saving gestures that would permit Soviet retreats. Hough presents a prescription for an American policy better suited to the new realities in the third world and to the changing Soviet attitude toward them. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: The Development Century Stephen J. Macekura, Erez Manela, 2018-09-06 Offers cutting-edge perspectives on how international development has shaped the global history of the modern world. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Technology and the Environment in State-Socialist Hungary Viktor Pál, 2017-09-15 This book explains how and why the state-socialist regime in Hungary used technology and propaganda to foster industrialization and the conservation of natural resources simultaneously. Further, this book explains why this process was ultimately a failure. By exploring the environmental pre-history of communist Hungary before analyzing the economic development of the Kádár regime, Pál investigates how economic and environmental policies and technology transfer were negotiated between the official communist ideology and the global economic reality of capitalist markets. Pál argues that the modernization project of the Kádár regime (1956–1990) facilitated ecological consciousness – at both an individual and societal level – which provoked great social unrest when positive environmental impact was not achieved. Today, global issues of climate change, urban pollution, resource depletion, and overpopulation transcend political systems, but economic and environmental discourses varied greatly in the twentieth century. This volume is important reading for all those interested in economic and environmental history, as well as political science. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Farm to Factory Robert C. Allen, 2021-07-13 To say that history's greatest economic experiment--Soviet communism--was also its greatest economic failure is to say what many consider obvious. Here, in a startling reinterpretation, Robert Allen argues that the USSR was one of the most successful developing economies of the twentieth century. He reaches this provocative conclusion by recalculating national consumption and using economic, demographic, and computer simulation models to address the what if questions central to Soviet history. Moreover, by comparing Soviet performance not only with advanced but with less developed countries, he provides a meaningful context for its evaluation. Although the Russian economy began to develop in the late nineteenth century based on wheat exports, modern economic growth proved elusive. But growth was rapid from 1928 to the 1970s--due to successful Five Year Plans. Notwithstanding the horrors of Stalinism, the building of heavy industry accelerated growth during the 1930s and raised living standards, especially for the many peasants who moved to cities. A sudden drop in fertility due to the education of women and their employment outside the home also facilitated growth. While highlighting the previously underemphasized achievements of Soviet planning, Farm to Factory also shows, through methodical analysis set in fluid prose, that Stalin's worst excesses--such as the bloody collectivization of agriculture--did little to spur growth. Economic development stagnated after 1970, as vital resources were diverted to the military and as a Soviet leadership lacking in original thought pursued wasteful investments. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western technology and Soviet economic development, 1917-1930, by Antony C. Sutton Antony C. Sutton, |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western technology and Soviet economic development 1917 to 1930 Antony Sutton, 1968 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development: 1945 to 1965 Antony C. Sutton, 1968 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: National Suicide Antony C. Sutton, 1973 You may read this book and think the author dreamed a dream that could not be. For Antony Sutton, research fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, proves that there is no such thing as Soviet technology, only American and allied technology on Soviet soil. Technology that maimed and killed American boys in Korea and Vietnam. Bridge building to Communist Russia is nothing new. It started early in 1918. With mountains of documentation Mr. Sutton shows that 90 to 95 percent of Soviet technology since 1918 has come from America and its allies . . . that we've built for, or sold, or traded, or given outright to the Communists everything from copper wiring and motor vehicles to combat tanks, missile equipment and computers . . . that we are today giving equipment to build the world 's largest heavy truck plant (output: 100,000 ten-ton trucks per year - more than all U.S. manufacturers produce in a year) . . . that peaceful trade is a myth . . . that to the Soviets all goods are strategic. All this, to create and maintain an enemy that we annually spend $80 billion to defend against. National Suicide, researched for over ten years, mentions scores of products passed on to the Soviets (down to the design specifications, in some cases). It fearlessly names the guilty manufacturers and politicians - right up to Presidents of the United States. The government won't like this book. It blows the lid off information that has been kept from the public till now. But Americans weary of no-win wars and taxpayers repelled at subsidizing our enemy will hail this scholarly, gutsy volume. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development. 1917 to 1965 Anthony C. Sutton, 1968 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Antony Cyril Sutton, 1989 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Red Plenty Francis Spufford, 2012-02-14 Spufford cunningly maps out a literary genre of his own . . . Freewheeling and fabulous. —The Times (London) Strange as it may seem, the gray, oppressive USSR was founded on a fairy tale. It was built on the twentieth-century magic called the planned economy, which was going to gush forth an abundance of good things that the lands of capitalism could never match. And just for a little while, in the heady years of the late 1950s, the magic seemed to be working. Red Plenty is about that moment in history, and how it came, and how it went away; about the brief era when, under the rash leadership of Khrushchev, the Soviet Union looked forward to a future of rich communists and envious capitalists, when Moscow would out-glitter Manhattan and every Lada would be better engineered than a Porsche. It's about the scientists who did their genuinely brilliant best to make the dream come true, to give the tyranny its happy ending. Red Plenty is history, it's fiction, it's as ambitious as Sputnik, as uncompromising as an Aeroflot flight attendant, and as different from what you were expecting as a glass of Soviet champagne. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Science and Technology in the Global Cold War Naomi Oreskes, John Krige, 2014-10-31 Investigations of how the global Cold War shaped national scientific and technological practices in fields from biomedicine to rocket science. The Cold War period saw a dramatic expansion of state-funded science and technology research. Government and military patronage shaped Cold War technoscientific practices, imposing methods that were project oriented, team based, and subject to national-security restrictions. These changes affected not just the arms race and the space race but also research in agriculture, biomedicine, computer science, ecology, meteorology, and other fields. This volume examines science and technology in the context of the Cold War, considering whether the new institutions and institutional arrangements that emerged globally constrained technoscientific inquiry or offered greater opportunities for it. The contributors find that whatever the particular science, and whatever the political system in which that science was operating, the knowledge that was produced bore some relation to the goals of the nation-state. These goals varied from nation to nation; weapons research was emphasized in the United States and the Soviet Union, for example, but in France and China scientific independence and self-reliance dominated. The contributors also consider to what extent the changes to science and technology practices in this era were produced by the specific politics, anxieties, and aspirations of the Cold War. Contributors Elena Aronova, Erik M. Conway, Angela N. H. Creager, David Kaiser, John Krige, Naomi Oreskes, George Reisch, Sigrid Schmalzer, Sonja D. Schmid, Matthew Shindell, Asif A. Siddiqi, Zuoyue Wang, Benjamin Wilson |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Big Business In Russia Jonathan A. Grant, 2010-11-23 Jonathan A. Grant has written a highly original study of the Putilov works—the most famous industrial conglomerate in the Russian Empire during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With the emergence of a capitalist system in the Russian federation in the 1990s, scholarly debate over the nature of Russian capitalism has been revived, and with this study, Grant issues a major challenge to the conventional wisdom on the nature of the Russian economy in the years before the Bolshevik revolution. Grant argues that the Putilov Company, which manufactured arms for the Russian state and a wide range of heavy industrial equipment for civilian use, adopted business practices that resembled the experiences of large machinery and armaments manufacturers in Britain, France, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Germany. This interpretation runs directly counter to the traditional and widely held view that Russian capitalism was shaped by the tsarist state's orders and subsidies and that the tsarist system was incompatible with the development of modern capitalism. Grant makes direct comparisons between Putilov and the famous western firm of Krupp and Vickers, illustrating similar business decisions made by both companies in terms of diversification of the product line and a penchant for private (as opposed to state) markets for primary income. Grant has gone beyond Soviet works on the Putilov plant, examining archival documents of the company and offering critical comments on both Soviet and Western scholarship on Russian economic and social history from the perspective of this important industrial enterprise. Grant not only repeatedly demonstrates that the Putilov firm responded effectively to the changing market for its wide range of industrial products but also shows that the tsarist regime provided far more of the systemic regularity needed for capitalist development than generally believed. Grant's work is a significant contribution to this ongoing debate, offering a much-needed case study of Russian business history and a comparative study that extends across national boundaries. Big Business in Russia is essential reading for graduate students in Russian and European history and will also appeal to American and European business leaders eager to understand the historical background of the current economic challenges facing Russia. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western technology and Soviet economic development. 2. 1930 to 1945 Antony C. Sutton, 1971 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development. Vol.3. 1945 to 1965 A. C. Sutton, 1973 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: The Piratization of Russia Marshall I. Goldman, 2003-04-10 In 1991, a small group of Russians emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union and enjoyed one of the greatest transfers of wealth ever seen, claiming ownership of some of the most valuable petroleum, natural gas and metal deposits in the world. By 1997, five of those individuals were on Forbes Magazine's list of the world's richest billionaires. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Soviet Economic Growth Gur Ofer, 1988 This survey of modern Soviet economic growth is based almost exclusively on Western works and does not include direct references to Soviet scholarly work. It is directed to the general public of economists, and therefore contains a section on sources of economic information about the Soviet Union and several subsections, such as the one describing the basics of the operation of the Soviet system, that are only indirectly related to the main issue. Contents: Introduction; Availability and Reliability of Information; The Growth Record; Structural Changes; The Socialist System and its Growth Strategy; R & D and Technological Change; The R & D Sector; Why did Growth Rates Decline?; Production Function Estimates; Evaluation and Conclusion-or, can The Trend be Reversed? (KR). |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Antony Cyril Sutton, 1989 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Technology & Soviet Energy Availability , 1981 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: The Oxford Handbook of the Russian Economy Michael Alexeev, Shlomo Weber, 2013-06-04 By 1999, Russia's economy was growing at almost 7% per year, and by 2008 reached 11th place in the world GDP rankings. Russia is now the world's second largest producer and exporter of oil, the largest producer and exporter of natural gas, and as a result has the third largest stock of foreign exchange reserves in the world, behind only China and Japan. But while this impressive economic growth has raised the average standard of living and put a number of wealthy Russians on the Forbes billionaires list, it has failed to solve the country's deep economic and social problems inherited from the Soviet times. Russia continues to suffer from a distorted economic structure, with its low labor productivity, heavy reliance on natural resource extraction, low life expectancy, high income inequality, and weak institutions. While a voluminous amount of literature has studied various individual aspects of the Russian economy, in the West there has been no comprehensive and systematic analysis of the socialist legacies, the current state, and future prospects of the Russian economy gathered in one book. The Oxford Handbook of the Russian Economy fills this gap by offering a broad range of topics written by the best Western and Russian scholars of the Russian economy. While the book's focus is the current state of the Russian economy, the first part of the book also addresses the legacy of the Soviet command economy and offers an analysis of institutional aspects of Russia's economic development over the last decade. The second part covers the most important sectors of the economy. The third part examines the economic challenges created by the gigantic magnitude of regional, geographic, ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity of Russia. The fourth part covers various social issues, including health, education, and demographic challenges. It will also examine broad policy challenges, including the tax system, rule of law, as well as corruption and the underground economy. Michael Alexeev and Shlomo Weber provide for the first time in one volume a complete, well-rounded, and essential look at the complex, emerging Russian economy. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development Anthony C. Sutton, 1968 |
| western technology and soviet economic development: The Plans That Failed André Steiner, 2013-08-01 The establishment of the Communist social model in one part of Germany was a result of international postwar developments, of the Cold War waged by East and West, and of the resultant partition of Germany. As the author argues, the GDR’s ‘new’ society was deliberately conceived as a counter-model to the liberal and marketregulated system. Although the hopes connected with this alternative system turned out to be misplaced and the planned economy may be thoroughly discredited today, it is important to understand the context in which it developed and failed. This study, a bestseller in its German version, offers an in-depth exploration of the GDR economy’s starting conditions and the obstacles to growth it confronted during the consolidation phase. These factors, however, were not decisive in the GDR’s lack of growth compared to that of the Federal Republic. As this study convincingly shows, it was the economic model that led to failure. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Modernising Lenin's Russia Anthony Heywood, 1999-08-19 In this book Anthony Heywood reassesses Bolshevik attitudes towards economic modernization and foreign economic relations during the early Soviet period. Based on hitherto unused Russian and Western archives, he examines an extraordinary decision made in March 1920 to import vast quantities of railway equipment. The book argues that under War Communism and the NEP railway modernization was vital to a strategy of rapid economic modernization, and provides the first detailed case study of the government's import policy. Following the histories of the principal contracts, it analyses Soviet foreign trade as a means to tackle domestic economic challenges. This book provides readers with a new perspective on Soviet economic development, and reveals the scale of Bolshevik business dealings with the capitalist West immediately after the Revolution. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Wall Street and FDR Antony Cyril Sutton, 2014-02-10 Franklin D. Roosevelt is frequently described as one of the greatest presidents in American history, remembered for his leadership during the Great Depression and Second World War. Antony Sutton challenges this received wisdom, presenting a controversial but convincing analysis. Based on an extensive study of original documents, he concludes that: FDR was an elitist who influenced public policy in order to benefit special interests, including his own; FDR and his Wall Street colleagues were ‘corporate socialists’, who believed in making society work for their own benefit; FDR believed in business but not free market economics. Sutton describes the genesis of ‘corporate socialism’ - acquiring monopolies by means of political influence - which he characterises as ‘making society work for the few’. He traces the historical links of the Delano and Roosevelt families to Wall Street, as well as FDR’s own political networks developed during his early career as a financial speculator and bond dealer. The New Deal almost destroyed free enterprise in America, but didn’t adversely affect FDR’s circle of old friends ensconced in select financial institutions and federal regulatory agencies. Together with their corporate allies, this elite group profited from the decrees and programmes generated by their old pal in the White House, whilst thousands of small businesses suffered and millions were unemployed. Wall Street and FDR is much more than a fascinating historical and political study. Many contemporary parallels can be drawn to Sutton’s powerful presentation given the recent banking crises and worldwide governments’ bolstering of private institutions via the public purse. This classic study - first published in 1975 as the conclusion of a key trilogy - is reproduced here in its original form. (The other volumes in the series are Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler and Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution.) |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Cold War Energy Jeronim Perović, 2017-02-28 This book examines the role of Soviet energy during the Cold War. Based on hitherto little known documents from Western and Eastern European archives, it combines the story of Soviet oil and gas with general Cold War history. This volume breaks new ground by framing Soviet energy in a multi-national context, taking into account not only the view from Moscow, but also the perspectives of communist Eastern Europe, the US, NATO, as well as several Western European countries – namely Italy, France, and West Germany. This book challenges some of the long-standing assumptions of East-West bloc relations, as well as shedding new light on relations within the blocs regarding the issue of energy. By bringing together a range of junior and senior historians and specialists from Europe, Russia and the US, this book represents a pioneering endeavour to approach the role of Soviet energy during the Cold War in transnational perspective. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Wings of Fire Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari, 1999 Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, The Son Of A Little-Educated Boat-Owner In Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, Had An Unparalled Career As A Defence Scientist, Culminating In The Highest Civilian Award Of India, The Bharat Ratna. As Chief Of The Country`S Defence Research And Development Programme, Kalam Demonstrated The Great Potential For Dynamism And Innovation That Existed In Seemingly Moribund Research Establishments. This Is The Story Of Kalam`S Rise From Obscurity And His Personal And Professional Struggles, As Well As The Story Of Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul And Nag--Missiles That Have Become Household Names In India And That Have Raised The Nation To The Level Of A Missile Power Of International Reckoning. |
| western technology and soviet economic development: Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler Antony Cyril Sutton, 2012-12-17 ‘The contribution made by American capitalism to German war preparations can only be described as phenomenal. It was certainly crucial to German military capabilities... Not only was an influential sector of American business aware of the nature of Naziism, but for its own purposes aided Naziism wherever possible (and profitable) - with full knowledge that the probable outcome would be war involving Europe and the United States.’ Penetrating a cloak of falsehood, deception and duplicity, Professor Antony C. Sutton reveals one of the most remarkable but unreported facts of the Second World War: that key Wall Street banks and American businesses supported Hitler’s rise to power by financing and trading with Nazi Germany. Carefully tracing this closely guarded secret through original documents and eyewitness accounts, Sutton comes to the unsavoury conclusion that the catastrophic Second World War was extremely profitable for a select group of financial insiders. He presents a thoroughly documented account of the role played by J.P. Morgan, T.W. Lamont, the Rockefeller interests, General Electric Company, Standard Oil, National City Bank, Chase and Manhattan banks, Kuhn, Loeb and Company, General Motors, the Ford Motor Company, and scores of others in helping to prepare the bloodiest, most destructive war in history. This classic study, first published in 1976 - the third volume of a trilogy - is reproduced here in its original form. (The other volumes in the series study the 1917 Lenin-Trotsky Revolution in Russia and the 1933 election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States.) |
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The Western is a film genre defined by the American Film Institute as films which are "set in the American West that [embody] the spirit, the struggle, and the demise of the new frontier." [1] …
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