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| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Vertex Algebras and Algebraic Curves Edward Frenkel, David Ben-Zvi, 2004-08-25 Vertex algebras are algebraic objects that encapsulate the concept of operator product expansion from two-dimensional conformal field theory. Vertex algebras are fast becoming ubiquitous in many areas of modern mathematics, with applications to representation theory, algebraic geometry, the theory of finite groups, modular functions, topology, integrable systems, and combinatorics. This book is an introduction to the theory of vertex algebras with a particular emphasis on the relationship with the geometry of algebraic curves. The notion of a vertex algebra is introduced in a coordinate-independent way, so that vertex operators become well defined on arbitrary smooth algebraic curves, possibly equipped with additional data, such as a vector bundle. Vertex algebras then appear as the algebraic objects encoding the geometric structure of various moduli spaces associated with algebraic curves. Therefore they may be used to give a geometric interpretation of various questions of representation theory. The book contains many original results, introduces important new concepts, and brings new insights into the theory of vertex algebras. The authors have made a great effort to make the book self-contained and accessible to readers of all backgrounds. Reviewers of the first edition anticipated that it would have a long-lasting influence on this exciting field of mathematics and would be very useful for graduate students and researchers interested in the subject. This second edition, substantially improved and expanded, includes several new topics, in particular an introduction to the Beilinson-Drinfeld theory of factorization algebras and the geometric Langlands correspondence. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Vertex Algebras and Algebraic Curves Edward Frenkel, 2014-06-06 Presents an introduction to the theory of vertex algebras with a particular emphasis on the relationship with the geometry of algebraic curves. This book contains several topics, in particular an introduction to the Beilinson-Drinfeld theory of factorization algebras and the geometric Langlands correspondence. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Vertex Algebras for Beginners Victor G. Kac, 1998 This is an improved and expanded edition of Kac's original introduction to algebraic aspects of conformal field theory which was published by the AMS in 1996. This revised edition is based on courses given by the author at MIT and at Rome University in Spring 1997. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Classical Algebraic Geometry Igor V. Dolgachev, 2012-08-16 Algebraic geometry has benefited enormously from the powerful general machinery developed in the latter half of the twentieth century. The cost has been that much of the research of previous generations is in a language unintelligible to modern workers, in particular, the rich legacy of classical algebraic geometry, such as plane algebraic curves of low degree, special algebraic surfaces, theta functions, Cremona transformations, the theory of apolarity and the geometry of lines in projective spaces. The author's contemporary approach makes this legacy accessible to modern algebraic geometers and to others who are interested in applying classical results. The vast bibliography of over 600 references is complemented by an array of exercises that extend or exemplify results given in the book. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Linear Algebraic Groups T.A. Springer, 2010-10-12 The first edition of this book presented the theory of linear algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field. The second edition, thoroughly revised and expanded, extends the theory over arbitrary fields, which are not necessarily algebraically closed. It thus represents a higher aim. As in the first edition, the book includes a self-contained treatment of the prerequisites from algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, as well as basic results on reductive groups. As a result, the first part of the book can well serve as a text for an introductory graduate course on linear algebraic groups. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Vertex Algebras and Algebraic Curves Edward Frenkel, 2001 |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Algebraic Curves William Fulton, 2008 The aim of these notes is to develop the theory of algebraic curves from the viewpoint of modern algebraic geometry, but without excessive prerequisites. We have assumed that the reader is familiar with some basic properties of rings, ideals and polynomials, such as is often covered in a one-semester course in modern algebra; additional commutative algebra is developed in later sections. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: The Moduli Space of Curves Robert H. Dijkgraaf, Carel Faber, Gerard B.M. van der Geer, 2012-12-06 This generalization of geometry is bound to have wide spread repercussions for mathematics as well as physics. The unearthing of it will entail a new golden age in the interaction of mathematics and physics. E. Witten (1986) The idea that the moduli space Mg of curves of fixed genus 9 - that is, the algebraic variety that parametrizes all curves of genus 9 - is an intriguing object in its own right seems to have come slowly. Although the para meters or moduli of curves surface in Riemann's famous memoir on abelian functions (from 1857) and in work of Hurwitz and later were considered by the geometers of the Italian school, for a long time they attracted attention only in the special case 9 = 1, where they were studied in the framework of the theory of modular functions. The work of Grothendieck, who in the early sixties pointed the way towards the right approach, and the subsequent construction (in 1965) of the moduli space Mg by Mumford were the first foundational work, to be followed by the construction of a compactification Mg by Deligne and Mumford in 1969. The theorem of Harris and Mumford saying that for 9 sufficiently large the space Mg is of general type was the first big insight in its structure. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Computational Algebraic Geometry Hal Schenck, 2003-10-06 The interplay between algebra and geometry is a beautiful (and fun!) area of mathematical investigation. Advances in computing and algorithms make it possible to tackle many classical problems in a down-to-earth and concrete fashion. This opens wonderful new vistas and allows us to pose, study and solve problems that were previously out of reach. Suitable for graduate students, the objective of this 2003 book is to bring advanced algebra to life with lots of examples. The first chapters provide an introduction to commutative algebra and connections to geometry. The rest of the book focuses on three active areas of contemporary algebra: Homological Algebra (the snake lemma, long exact sequence inhomology, functors and derived functors (Tor and Ext), and double complexes); Algebraic Combinatorics and Algebraic Topology (simplicial complexes and simplicial homology, Stanley-Reisner rings, upper bound theorem and polytopes); and Algebraic Geometry (points and curves in projective space, Riemann-Roch, Cech cohomology, regularity). |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: A Mathematical Introduction to Conformal Field Theory Martin Schottenloher, 2008-09-15 Part I gives a detailed, self-contained and mathematically rigorous exposition of classical conformal symmetry in n dimensions and its quantization in two dimensions. The conformal groups are determined and the appearence of the Virasoro algebra in the context of the quantization of two-dimensional conformal symmetry is explained via the classification of central extensions of Lie algebras and groups. Part II surveys more advanced topics of conformal field theory such as the representation theory of the Virasoro algebra, conformal symmetry within string theory, an axiomatic approach to Euclidean conformally covariant quantum field theory and a mathematical interpretation of the Verlinde formula in the context of moduli spaces of holomorphic vector bundles on a Riemann surface. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Lie Algebras, Vertex Operator Algebras and Their Applications Yi-Zhi Huang, Kailash C. Misra, 2007 The articles in this book are based on talks given at the international conference 'Lie algebras, vertex operator algebras and their applications'. The focus of the papers is mainly on Lie algebras, quantum groups, vertex operator algebras and their applications to number theory, combinatorics and conformal field theory. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Fundamental Algebraic Geometry Barbara Fantechi, 2005 Presents an outline of Alexander Grothendieck's theories. This book discusses four main themes - descent theory, Hilbert and Quot schemes, the formal existence theorem, and the Picard scheme. It is suitable for those working in algebraic geometry. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Algebraic Geometry III A.N. Parshin, I.R. Shafarevich, 2013-04-17 Starting with the end of the seventeenth century, one of the most interesting directions in mathematics (attracting the attention as J. Bernoulli, Euler, Jacobi, Legendre, Abel, among others) has been the study of integrals of the form r dz l Aw(T) = -, TO W where w is an algebraic function of z. Such integrals are now called abelian. Let us examine the simplest instance of an abelian integral, one where w is defined by the polynomial equation (1) where the polynomial on the right hand side has no multiple roots. In this case the function Aw is called an elliptic integral. The value of Aw is determined up to mv + nv , where v and v are complex numbers, and m and n are 1 2 1 2 integers. The set of linear combinations mv+ nv forms a lattice H C C, and 1 2 so to each elliptic integral Aw we can associate the torus C/ H. 2 On the other hand, equation (1) defines a curve in the affine plane C = 2 2 {(z,w)}. Let us complete C2 to the projective plane lP' = lP' (C) by the addition of the line at infinity, and let us also complete the curve defined 2 by equation (1). The result will be a nonsingular closed curve E C lP' (which can also be viewed as a Riemann surface). Such a curve is called an elliptic curve. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Algorithmic Algebra Bhubaneswar Mishra, 2012-12-06 Algorithmic Algebra studies some of the main algorithmic tools of computer algebra, covering such topics as Gröbner bases, characteristic sets, resultants and semialgebraic sets. The main purpose of the book is to acquaint advanced undergraduate and graduate students in computer science, engineering and mathematics with the algorithmic ideas in computer algebra so that they could do research in computational algebra or understand the algorithms underlying many popular symbolic computational systems: Mathematica, Maple or Axiom, for instance. Also, researchers in robotics, solid modeling, computational geometry and automated theorem proving community may find it useful as symbolic algebraic techniques have begun to play an important role in these areas. The book, while being self-contained, is written at an advanced level and deals with the subject at an appropriate depth. The book is accessible to computer science students with no previous algebraic training. Some mathematical readers, on the other hand, may find it interesting to see how algorithmic constructions have been used to provide fresh proofs for some classical theorems. The book also contains a large number of exercises with solutions to selected exercises, thus making it ideal as a textbook or for self-study. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Algebraic Geometry Daniel Perrin, 2007-12-16 Aimed primarily at graduate students and beginning researchers, this book provides an introduction to algebraic geometry that is particularly suitable for those with no previous contact with the subject; it assumes only the standard background of undergraduate algebra. The book starts with easily-formulated problems with non-trivial solutions and uses these problems to introduce the fundamental tools of modern algebraic geometry: dimension; singularities; sheaves; varieties; and cohomology. A range of exercises is provided for each topic discussed, and a selection of problems and exam papers are collected in an appendix to provide material for further study. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Geometry and Complexity Theory J. M. Landsberg, 2017-09-28 Two central problems in computer science are P vs NP and the complexity of matrix multiplication. The first is also a leading candidate for the greatest unsolved problem in mathematics. The second is of enormous practical and theoretical importance. Algebraic geometry and representation theory provide fertile ground for advancing work on these problems and others in complexity. This introduction to algebraic complexity theory for graduate students and researchers in computer science and mathematics features concrete examples that demonstrate the application of geometric techniques to real world problems. Written by a noted expert in the field, it offers numerous open questions to motivate future research. Complexity theory has rejuvenated classical geometric questions and brought different areas of mathematics together in new ways. This book will show the beautiful, interesting, and important questions that have arisen as a result. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Lectures on K3 Surfaces Daniel Huybrechts, 2016-09-26 K3 surfaces are central objects in modern algebraic geometry. This book examines this important class of Calabi–Yau manifolds from various perspectives in eighteen self-contained chapters. It starts with the basics and guides the reader to recent breakthroughs, such as the proof of the Tate conjecture for K3 surfaces and structural results on Chow groups. Powerful general techniques are introduced to study the many facets of K3 surfaces, including arithmetic, homological, and differential geometric aspects. In this context, the book covers Hodge structures, moduli spaces, periods, derived categories, birational techniques, Chow rings, and deformation theory. Famous open conjectures, for example the conjectures of Calabi, Weil, and Artin–Tate, are discussed in general and for K3 surfaces in particular, and each chapter ends with questions and open problems. Based on lectures at the advanced graduate level, this book is suitable for courses and as a reference for researchers. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Lectures on Invariant Theory Igor Dolgachev, 2003-08-07 The primary goal of this 2003 book is to give a brief introduction to the main ideas of algebraic and geometric invariant theory. It assumes only a minimal background in algebraic geometry, algebra and representation theory. Topics covered include the symbolic method for computation of invariants on the space of homogeneous forms, the problem of finite-generatedness of the algebra of invariants, the theory of covariants and constructions of categorical and geometric quotients. Throughout, the emphasis is on concrete examples which originate in classical algebraic geometry. Based on lectures given at University of Michigan, Harvard University and Seoul National University, the book is written in an accessible style and contains many examples and exercises. A novel feature of the book is a discussion of possible linearizations of actions and the variation of quotients under the change of linearization. Also includes the construction of toric varieties as torus quotients of affine spaces. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: The Geometry of Schemes David Eisenbud, Joe Harris, 2006-04-06 Grothendieck’s beautiful theory of schemes permeates modern algebraic geometry and underlies its applications to number theory, physics, and applied mathematics. This simple account of that theory emphasizes and explains the universal geometric concepts behind the definitions. In the book, concepts are illustrated with fundamental examples, and explicit calculations show how the constructions of scheme theory are carried out in practice. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Noncommutative Geometry, Quantum Fields and Motives Alain Connes, Matilde Marcolli, This book carries the unifying theme of the interaction among noncommutative geometry, theoretical physics and number theory. The detailed text, co-authored by Fields Medal winner Alain Connes, stresses the relevance of noncommutative geometry in dealing with two spaces: space-time and the space of prime numbers. The book includes significantly more detail than other monographs covering similar topics. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Monomial Algebras Rafael Villarreal, 2018-10-08 Monomial Algebras, Second Edition presents algebraic, combinatorial, and computational methods for studying monomial algebras and their ideals, including Stanley–Reisner rings, monomial subrings, Ehrhart rings, and blowup algebras. It emphasizes square-free monomials and the corresponding graphs, clutters, or hypergraphs. New to the Second Edition Four new chapters that focus on the algebraic properties of blowup algebras in combinatorial optimization problems of clutters and hypergraphs Two new chapters that explore the algebraic and combinatorial properties of the edge ideal of clutters and hypergraphs Full revisions of existing chapters to provide an up-to-date account of the subject Bringing together several areas of pure and applied mathematics, this book shows how monomial algebras are related to polyhedral geometry, combinatorial optimization, and combinatorics of hypergraphs. It directly links the algebraic properties of monomial algebras to combinatorial structures (such as simplicial complexes, posets, digraphs, graphs, and clutters) and linear optimization problems. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Noncommutative Geometry Alain Connes, Joachim Cuntz, Erik G. Guentner, Nigel Higson, Jerome Kaminker, John E. Roberts, 2003-12-15 Noncommutative Geometry is one of the most deep and vital research subjects of present-day Mathematics. Its development, mainly due to Alain Connes, is providing an increasing number of applications and deeper insights for instance in Foliations, K-Theory, Index Theory, Number Theory but also in Quantum Physics of elementary particles. The purpose of the Summer School in Martina Franca was to offer a fresh invitation to the subject and closely related topics; the contributions in this volume include the four main lectures, cover advanced developments and are delivered by prominent specialists. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Love and Math Edward Frenkel, 2014-09-09 An awesome, globe-spanning, and New York Times bestselling journey through the beauty and power of mathematics What if you had to take an art class in which you were only taught how to paint a fence? What if you were never shown the paintings of van Gogh and Picasso, weren't even told they existed? Alas, this is how math is taught, and so for most of us it becomes the intellectual equivalent of watching paint dry. In Love and Math, renowned mathematician Edward Frenkel reveals a side of math we've never seen, suffused with all the beauty and elegance of a work of art. In this heartfelt and passionate book, Frenkel shows that mathematics, far from occupying a specialist niche, goes to the heart of all matter, uniting us across cultures, time, and space. Love and Math tells two intertwined stories: of the wonders of mathematics and of one young man's journey learning and living it. Having braved a discriminatory educational system to become one of the twenty-first century's leading mathematicians, Frenkel now works on one of the biggest ideas to come out of math in the last 50 years: the Langlands Program. Considered by many to be a Grand Unified Theory of mathematics, the Langlands Program enables researchers to translate findings from one field to another so that they can solve problems, such as Fermat's last theorem, that had seemed intractable before. At its core, Love and Math is a story about accessing a new way of thinking, which can enrich our lives and empower us to better understand the world and our place in it. It is an invitation to discover the magic hidden universe of mathematics. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Introduction to Vertex Operator Algebras and Their Representations James Lepowsky, Haisheng Li, 2012-12-06 * Introduces the fundamental theory of vertex operator algebras and its basic techniques and examples. * Begins with a detailed presentation of the theoretical foundations and proceeds to a range of applications. * Includes a number of new, original results and brings fresh perspective to important works of many other researchers in algebra, lie theory, representation theory, string theory, quantum field theory, and other areas of math and physics. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Advanced Algebra Anthony W. Knapp, 2007-10-11 Basic Algebra and Advanced Algebra systematically develop concepts and tools in algebra that are vital to every mathematician, whether pure or applied, aspiring or established. Advanced Algebra includes chapters on modern algebra which treat various topics in commutative and noncommutative algebra and provide introductions to the theory of associative algebras, homological algebras, algebraic number theory, and algebraic geometry. Many examples and hundreds of problems are included, along with hints or complete solutions for most of the problems. Together the two books give the reader a global view of algebra and its role in mathematics as a whole. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: 3264 and All That David Eisenbud, Joe Harris, 2016-04-14 This book can form the basis of a second course in algebraic geometry. As motivation, it takes concrete questions from enumerative geometry and intersection theory, and provides intuition and technique, so that the student develops the ability to solve geometric problems. The authors explain key ideas, including rational equivalence, Chow rings, Schubert calculus and Chern classes, and readers will appreciate the abundant examples, many provided as exercises with solutions available online. Intersection is concerned with the enumeration of solutions of systems of polynomial equations in several variables. It has been an active area of mathematics since the work of Leibniz. Chasles' nineteenth-century calculation that there are 3264 smooth conic plane curves tangent to five given general conics was an important landmark, and was the inspiration behind the title of this book. Such computations were motivation for Poincaré's development of topology, and for many subsequent theories, so that intersection theory is now a central topic of modern mathematics. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Koszul Cohomology and Algebraic Geometry Marian Aprodu, Jan Nagel, 2010 The systematic use of Koszul cohomology computations in algebraic geometry can be traced back to the foundational work of Mark Green in the 1980s. Green connected classical results concerning the ideal of a projective variety with vanishing theorems for Koszul cohomology. Green and Lazarsfeld also stated two conjectures that relate the Koszul cohomology of algebraic curves with the existence of special divisors on the curve. These conjectures became an important guideline for future research. In the intervening years, there has been a growing interaction between Koszul cohomology and algebraic geometry. Green and Voisin applied Koszul cohomology to a number of Hodge-theoretic problems, with remarkable success. More recently, Voisin achieved a breakthrough by proving Green's conjecture for general curves; soon afterwards, the Green-Lazarsfeld conjecture for general curves was proved as well. This book is primarily concerned with applications of Koszul cohomology to algebraic geometry, with an emphasis on syzygies of complex projective curves. The authors' main goal is to present Voisin's proof of the generic Green conjecture, and subsequent refinements. They discuss the geometric aspects of the theory and a number of concrete applications of Koszul cohomology to problems in algebraic geometry, including applications to Hodge theory and to the geometry of the moduli space of curves. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Computations in Algebraic Geometry with Macaulay 2 David Eisenbud, Daniel R. Grayson, Mike Stillman, Bernd Sturmfels, 2013-03-14 Systems of polynomial equations arise throughout mathematics, science, and engineering. Algebraic geometry provides powerful theoretical techniques for studying the qualitative and quantitative features of their solution sets. Re cently developed algorithms have made theoretical aspects of the subject accessible to a broad range of mathematicians and scientists. The algorith mic approach to the subject has two principal aims: developing new tools for research within mathematics, and providing new tools for modeling and solv ing problems that arise in the sciences and engineering. A healthy synergy emerges, as new theorems yield new algorithms and emerging applications lead to new theoretical questions. This book presents algorithmic tools for algebraic geometry and experi mental applications of them. It also introduces a software system in which the tools have been implemented and with which the experiments can be carried out. Macaulay 2 is a computer algebra system devoted to supporting research in algebraic geometry, commutative algebra, and their applications. The reader of this book will encounter Macaulay 2 in the context of concrete applications and practical computations in algebraic geometry. The expositions of the algorithmic tools presented here are designed to serve as a useful guide for those wishing to bring such tools to bear on their own problems. A wide range of mathematical scientists should find these expositions valuable. This includes both the users of other programs similar to Macaulay 2 (for example, Singular and CoCoA) and those who are not interested in explicit machine computations at all. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Lie Groups and Algebraic Groups Arkadij L. Onishchik, Ernest B. Vinberg, 2012-12-06 This book is based on the notes of the authors' seminar on algebraic and Lie groups held at the Department of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow University in 1967/68. Our guiding idea was to present in the most economic way the theory of semisimple Lie groups on the basis of the theory of algebraic groups. Our main sources were A. Borel's paper [34], C. ChevalIey's seminar [14], seminar Sophus Lie [15] and monographs by C. Chevalley [4], N. Jacobson [9] and J-P. Serre [16, 17]. In preparing this book we have completely rearranged these notes and added two new chapters: Lie groups and Real semisimple Lie groups. Several traditional topics of Lie algebra theory, however, are left entirely disregarded, e.g. universal enveloping algebras, characters of linear representations and (co)homology of Lie algebras. A distinctive feature of this book is that almost all the material is presented as a sequence of problems, as it had been in the first draft of the seminar's notes. We believe that solving these problems may help the reader to feel the seminar's atmosphere and master the theory. Nevertheless, all the non-trivial ideas, and sometimes solutions, are contained in hints given at the end of each section. The proofs of certain theorems, which we consider more difficult, are given directly in the main text. The book also contains exercises, the majority of which are an essential complement to the main contents. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Representations of Semisimple Lie Algebras in the BGG Category O James E. Humphreys, 2021-07-14 This is the first textbook treatment of work leading to the landmark 1979 Kazhdan–Lusztig Conjecture on characters of simple highest weight modules for a semisimple Lie algebra g g over C C. The setting is the module category O O introduced by Bernstein–Gelfand–Gelfand, which includes all highest weight modules for g g such as Verma modules and finite dimensional simple modules. Analogues of this category have become influential in many areas of representation theory. Part I can be used as a text for independent study or for a mid-level one semester graduate course; it includes exercises and examples. The main prerequisite is familiarity with the structure theory of g g. Basic techniques in category O O such as BGG Reciprocity and Jantzen's translation functors are developed, culminating in an overview of the proof of the Kazhdan–Lusztig Conjecture (due to Beilinson–Bernstein and Brylinski–Kashiwara). The full proof however is beyond the scope of this book, requiring deep geometric methods: D D-modules and perverse sheaves on the flag variety. Part II introduces closely related topics important in current research: parabolic category O O, projective functors, tilting modules, twisting and completion functors, and Koszul duality theorem of Beilinson–Ginzburg–Soergel. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: On Axiomatic Approaches to Vertex Operator Algebras and Modules Igor Frenkel, Yi-Zhi Huang, James Lepowsky, 1993 The basic definitions and properties of vertex operator algebras, modules, intertwining operators and related concepts are presented, following a fundamental analogy with Lie algebra theory. The first steps in the development of the general theory are taken, and various natural and useful reformulations of the axioms are given. In particular, tensor products of algebras and modules, adjoint vertex operators and contragradient modules, adjoint intertwining operators and fusion rules are studied in greater depth. This paper lays the monodromy-free axiomatic foundation of the general theory of vertex operator algebras, modules and intertwining operators. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Algebraic Geometry Robin Hartshorne, 2010-12-01 An introduction to abstract algebraic geometry, with the only prerequisites being results from commutative algebra, which are stated as needed, and some elementary topology. More than 400 exercises distributed throughout the book offer specific examples as well as more specialised topics not treated in the main text, while three appendices present brief accounts of some areas of current research. This book can thus be used as textbook for an introductory course in algebraic geometry following a basic graduate course in algebra. Robin Hartshorne studied algebraic geometry with Oscar Zariski and David Mumford at Harvard, and with J.-P. Serre and A. Grothendieck in Paris. He is the author of Residues and Duality, Foundations of Projective Geometry, Ample Subvarieties of Algebraic Varieties, and numerous research titles. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Number Theory and Algebraic Geometry Miles Reid, Alexei Skorobogatov, 2003 Sir Peter Swinnerton-Dyer's mathematical career encompasses more than 60 years' work of amazing creativity. This volume provides contemporary insight into several subjects in which Sir Peter's influence has been notable, and is dedicated to his 75th birthday. The opening section reviews some of his many remarkable contributions to mathematics and other fields. The remaining contributions come from leading researchers in analytic and arithmetic number theory, and algebraic geometry. The topics treated include: rational points on algebraic varieties, the Hasse principle, Shafarevich-Tate groups of elliptic curves and motives, Zagier's conjectures, descent and zero-cycles, Diophantine approximation, and Abelian and Fano varieties. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Tensor Categories Pavel Etingof, Shlomo Gelaki, Dmitri Nikshych, Victor Ostrik, 2016-08-05 Is there a vector space whose dimension is the golden ratio? Of course not—the golden ratio is not an integer! But this can happen for generalizations of vector spaces—objects of a tensor category. The theory of tensor categories is a relatively new field of mathematics that generalizes the theory of group representations. It has deep connections with many other fields, including representation theory, Hopf algebras, operator algebras, low-dimensional topology (in particular, knot theory), homotopy theory, quantum mechanics and field theory, quantum computation, theory of motives, etc. This book gives a systematic introduction to this theory and a review of its applications. While giving a detailed overview of general tensor categories, it focuses especially on the theory of finite tensor categories and fusion categories (in particular, braided and modular ones), and discusses the main results about them with proofs. In particular, it shows how the main properties of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras may be derived from the theory of tensor categories. Many important results are presented as a sequence of exercises, which makes the book valuable for students and suitable for graduate courses. Many applications, connections to other areas, additional results, and references are discussed at the end of each chapter. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Vertex Operator Algebras and the Monster Igor Frenkel, James Lepowsky, Arne Meurman, 1989-04-11 This work is motivated by and develops connections between several branches of mathematics and physics--the theories of Lie algebras, finite groups and modular functions in mathematics, and string theory in physics. The first part of the book presents a new mathematical theory of vertex operator algebras, the algebraic counterpart of two-dimensional holomorphic conformal quantum field theory. The remaining part constructs the Monster finite simple group as the automorphism group of a very special vertex operator algebra, called the moonshine module because of its relevance to monstrous moonshine. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Rational Points on Varieties Bjorn Poonen, 2023-08-10 This book is motivated by the problem of determining the set of rational points on a variety, but its true goal is to equip readers with a broad range of tools essential for current research in algebraic geometry and number theory. The book is unconventional in that it provides concise accounts of many topics instead of a comprehensive account of just one—this is intentionally designed to bring readers up to speed rapidly. Among the topics included are Brauer groups, faithfully flat descent, algebraic groups, torsors, étale and fppf cohomology, the Weil conjectures, and the Brauer-Manin and descent obstructions. A final chapter applies all these to study the arithmetic of surfaces. The down-to-earth explanations and the over 100 exercises make the book suitable for use as a graduate-level textbook, but even experts will appreciate having a single source covering many aspects of geometry over an unrestricted ground field and containing some material that cannot be found elsewhere. The origins of arithmetic (or Diophantine) geometry can be traced back to antiquity, and it remains a lively and wide research domain up to our days. The book by Bjorn Poonen, a leading expert in the field, opens doors to this vast field for many readers with different experiences and backgrounds. It leads through various algebraic geometric constructions towards its central subject: obstructions to existence of rational points. —Yuri Manin, Max-Planck-Institute, Bonn It is clear that my mathematical life would have been very different if a book like this had been around at the time I was a student. —Hendrik Lenstra, University Leiden Understanding rational points on arbitrary algebraic varieties is the ultimate challenge. We have conjectures but few results. Poonen's book, with its mixture of basic constructions and openings into current research, will attract new generations to the Queen of Mathematics. —Jean-Louis Colliot-Thélène, Université Paris-Sud A beautiful subject, handled by a master. —Joseph Silverman, Brown University |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Introduction to Algebraic Geometry Serge Lang, 2019-03-20 Author Serge Lang defines algebraic geometry as the study of systems of algebraic equations in several variables and of the structure that one can give to the solutions of such equations. The study can be carried out in four ways: analytical, topological, algebraico-geometric, and arithmetic. This volume offers a rapid, concise, and self-contained introductory approach to the algebraic aspects of the third method, the algebraico-geometric. The treatment assumes only familiarity with elementary algebra up to the level of Galois theory. Starting with an opening chapter on the general theory of places, the author advances to examinations of algebraic varieties, the absolute theory of varieties, and products, projections, and correspondences. Subsequent chapters explore normal varieties, divisors and linear systems, differential forms, the theory of simple points, and algebraic groups, concluding with a focus on the Riemann-Roch theorem. All the theorems of a general nature related to the foundations of the theory of algebraic groups are featured. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Polynomial Rings and Affine Algebraic Geometry Shigeru Kuroda, Nobuharu Onoda, Gene Freudenburg, 2020 This proceedings volume gathers together selected, peer-reviewed works presented at the Polynomial Rings and Affine Algebraic Geometry conference which was held at the Tokyo Metropolitan University on February 12-26, 2018, in Tokyo, Japan. In this book, the reader will find some of the latest research conducted by an international group of experts in affine and projective algebraic geometry. Topics covered include group actions and linearization, automorphism groups and their structure as infinite-dimensional varieties, invariant theory, the Cancellation Problem, the Embedding Problem, Mathieu spaces and the Jacobian Conjecture, the Dolgachev-Weisfeiler Conjecture, classification of curves and surfaces, real forms of complex varieties, and questions of rationality, unirationality, and birationality. The articles contained in this volume will be of interest to all researchers and graduate students working in the fields of affine and projective algebraic geometry, as well as in certain aspects of commutative algebra, Lie theory, symplectic geometry and Stein manifolds. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Homology, Cohomology, and Sheaf Cohomology for Algebraic Topology, Algebraic Geometry, and Differential Geometry Jean H. Gallier, Jocelyn Quaintance, 2022 Homology and cohomology -- De Rham cohomology -- Singular homology and cohomology -- Simplicial homology and cohomology -- Homology and cohomology of CW complexes -- Poincaré duality -- Presheaves and sheaves; Basics -- Cech cohomology with values in a presheaf -- Presheaves and sheaves; A deeper look -- Derived functors, [delta]-functors, and [del]-functors -- Universal coefficient theorems -- Cohomology of sheaves -- Alexander and Alexander-Lefschetz duality -- Spectral sequences. |
| vertex algebras and algebraic curves: Rational Points on Modular Elliptic Curves Henri Darmon, The book surveys some recent developments in the arithmetic of modular elliptic curves. It places a special emphasis on the construction of rational points on elliptic curves, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, and the crucial role played by modularity in shedding light on these two closely related issues. The main theme of the book is the theory of complex multiplication, Heegner points, and some conjectural variants. The first three chapters introduce the background and prerequisites: elliptic curves, modular forms and the Shimura-Taniyama-Weil conjecture, complex multiplication and the Heegner point construction. The next three chapters introduce variants of modular parametrizations in which modular curves are replaced by Shimura curves attached to certain indefinite quaternion algebras. The main new contributions are found in Chapters 7-9, which survey the author's attempts to extend the theory of Heegner points and complex multiplication to situations where the base field is not a CM field. Chapter 10 explains the proof of Kolyvagin's theorem, which relates Heegner points to the arithmetic of elliptic curves and leads to the best evidence so far for the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. |
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Oct 7, 2012 · My vertex omega 150 pump impeller has some ceramic that chipped off. I was interested in a replacing the whole pump if possible. Quick search got me the tunze 9420 but I …
Vertex Omega 130 Protein Skimmer | Reef2Reef
Aug 18, 2017 · I have been using a Vertex Omega 130 on my tank for nearly a year now. If it doesn't start near immediately after applying power check for an obstruction in the pump. It is …
DC Pumps: Ecotech vs. Royal Exclusiv vs. Abyzz | Reef2Reef
Feb 28, 2011 · Hi all, These pumps all have slightly different performance and very different pricepoints. From what I can tell, the ecotech seems to be the best buy, but I would like to hear …
Let's talk skimmers! | Reef2Reef
Mar 18, 2021 · I have only owned reef octo, ehoppes and vertex. IMO ehoppes and vertex where garbage. My reef octos have always performed well. I just got an elite 150 but it’s not in use …
Best Glass Aquarium Cleaning Magnet | Reef2Reef
Apr 23, 2018 · Flipper magnets are good for cleaning my acrylic frag tank, but the flipping action can be a bit finicky. Mag-Floats are good as well, just not as good as the Algae-Free magnets …
Marketplace - Reef2Reef
Jul 18, 2019 · Michigan Skimmers Dry Goods Vertex Omega150 Protein Skimmer $150 shipped. Started by Fishgeek88;
Which Skimmer for a 80 gallo | Reef2Reef
Apr 4, 2019 · My Skimmer (SCA-302) is going out and I am looking into a new skimmer. I am stuck between the RO 152-S, RO eSsence 130, and the NYOS Quantum 120. I’m pretty sure I …
Skimmer for 200-300 gallon tank recommendations | Reef2Reef
Jan 26, 2019 · I need a new skimmer for my 200 to 300 gallon tank. It should be able to handle moderate to high stocked tank, and be in sump, rather than external. I used the super reef …
What Makes a Bounce Mushroom Coral so Special? | Reef2Reef
Apr 24, 2019 · At Chaos Aquaculture, we are swinging for the fences. Go big or go home. A warehouse full of 8ft raceways fully powered by Ecotech Marine and Vertex ensures we have …
Let's see all those deep blue rimless Reefs | Reef2Reef
Dec 7, 2013 · Like the title says guys let's see those deep blue rimless tanks!!!! I'll start off 30 gallon deep blue rimless running since 2014. Equipment as follows 2 mp10es Tank lit by …
Vertex omega 150 replacement pump - Reef2Reef
Oct 7, 2012 · My vertex omega 150 pump impeller has some ceramic that chipped off. I was interested in a replacing the …
Vertex Omega 130 Protein Skimmer | Reef2Reef
Aug 18, 2017 · I have been using a Vertex Omega 130 on my tank for nearly a year now. If it doesn't start near …
DC Pumps: Ecotech vs. Royal Exclusiv vs. Abyzz | Reef2Reef
Feb 28, 2011 · Hi all, These pumps all have slightly different performance and very different pricepoints. From what I …
Let's talk skimmers! | Reef2Reef
Mar 18, 2021 · I have only owned reef octo, ehoppes and vertex. IMO ehoppes and vertex where garbage. My reef …
Best Glass Aquarium Cleaning Magnet | Reef2Reef
Apr 23, 2018 · Flipper magnets are good for cleaning my acrylic frag tank, but the flipping action can be a bit finicky. …
