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| von hayek: Individualism and Economic Order F. A. Hayek, 2012-12-01 “These essays . . . bring great learning and . . . intelligence to bear upon economic and social issues of central importance to our era.” —Henry Hazlitt, Newsweek In this collection of writings, Nobel laureate Friedrich A. Hayek discusses topics from moral philosophy and the methods of the social sciences to economic theory as different aspects of the same central issue: free markets versus socialist planned economies. First published in the 1930s and 40s, these essays continue to illuminate the problems faced by developing and formerly socialist countries. F. A. Hayek, recipient of the Medal of Freedom in 1991 and winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1974, taught at the University of Chicago, the University of London, and the University of Freiburg. Among his other works published by the University of Chicago Press is The Road to Serfdom, now available in a special fiftieth anniversary edition. “There is much interesting and valuable material in this meaty . . . book which must ultimately help the world make up its mind on a vital issue: to plan or not to plan?” —S. E. Harris, The New York Times “Those who disagree with him cannot afford to ignore him . . . This is especially true of a book like the present one.” —George Soule, Nation |
| von hayek: The Road to Serfdom Friedrich August Hayek, 1971 |
| von hayek: Friedrich Hayek Alan Ebenstein, 2014-12-09 This biography tells the story of one of the most important public figures of the twentieth century, Friedrich Hayek. Here is the first full biography of Friedrich Hayek, the Austrian economist who became, over the course of a remarkable career, the great philosopher of liberty in our time. In this richly detailed portrait, Alan Ebenstein chronicles the life, works, and legacy of a visionary thinker, from Hayek's early years as the scholarly son of a physician in fin-de-siecle Vienna on an increasingly wider world as an economist and political philosopher in London, New York, and Chicago. Ebenstein gives a balanced, integrated account of Hayek's extraordinary diverse body of work, from his fist encounter with the free market ideas of mentor Ludwig Von Mises to his magisterial writings in later life on the legal, political, ethical, and economic requirements of a free society. Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1974, Hayek's vision of a renewed classical liberalism-of free markets and free ideas in free societies-has taken hold in much of the world. Alan Ebenstein's clearly written account is an essential starting point for anyone seeking to understand why Hayek's ideas have become the guiding force of our time. His illuminating portrait of Hayek the man brings to new life the spirit of a great scholar and tenacious advocate who has become, in Peter Drucker's words, our time's preeminent social philosopher. |
| von hayek: Hayek Bruce Caldwell, Hansjoerg Klausinger, 2022-11-25 A 2022 Economist Best Book of the Year. The definitive account of the distinguished economist’s formative years. Few twentieth-century figures have been lionized and vilified in such equal measure as Friedrich Hayek—economist, social theorist, leader of the Austrian school of economics, and champion of classical liberalism. Hayek’s erudite arguments in support of individualism and the market economy have attracted a devout following, including many at the levers of power in business and government. Critics, meanwhile, cast Hayek as the intellectual forefather of “neoliberalism” and of all the evils they associate with that pernicious doctrine. In Hayek: A Life, historians of economics Bruce Caldwell and Hansjörg Klausinger draw on never-before-seen archival and family material to produce an authoritative account of the influential economist’s first five decades. This includes portrayals of his early career in Vienna; his relationships in London and Cambridge; his family disputes; and definitive accounts of the creation of The Road to Serfdom and of the founding meeting of the Mont Pèlerin Society. A landmark work of history and biography, Hayek: A Life is a major contribution both to our cultural accounting of a towering figure and to intellectual history itself. |
| von hayek: New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas Friedrich August Hayek, 1978 |
| von hayek: The Constitution of Liberty F. A. Hayek, 2011-04-01 From the $700 billion bailout of the banking industry to president Barack Obama’s $787 billion stimulus package to the highly controversial passage of federal health-care reform, conservatives and concerned citizens alike have grown increasingly fearful of big government. Enter Nobel Prize–winning economist and political theorist F. A. Hayek, whose passionate warning against empowering states with greater economic control, The Road to Serfdom, became an overnight sensation last summer when it was endorsed by Glenn Beck. The book has since sold over 150,000 copies. The latest entry in the University of Chicago Press’s series of newly edited editions of Hayek’s works, The Constitution of Liberty is, like Serfdom, just as relevant to our present moment. The book is considered Hayek’s classic statement on the ideals of freedom and liberty, ideals that he believes have guided—and must continue to guide—the growth of Western civilization. Here Hayek defends the principles of a free society, casting a skeptical eye on the growth of the welfare state and examining the challenges to freedom posed by an ever expanding government—as well as its corrosive effect on the creation, preservation, and utilization of knowledge. In opposition to those who call for the state to play a greater role in society, Hayek puts forward a nuanced argument for prudence. Guided by this quality, he elegantly demonstrates that a free market system in a democratic polity—under the rule of law and with strong constitutional protections of individual rights—represents the best chance for the continuing existence of liberty. Striking a balance between skepticism and hope, Hayek’s profound insights are timelier and more welcome than ever before. This definitive edition of The Constitution of Liberty will give a new generation the opportunity to learn from his enduring wisdom. |
| von hayek: Keynes Hayek Nicholas Wapshott, 2011-10-11 Provides a history of the diverging economic viewpoints that emerged after the 1929 stock market crash, one from Cambridge economist John Maynard Keynes, the other from Austrian economics professor Freidrich Hayek. |
| von hayek: Roads to Freedom Erich Streissler, 2013-11-05 The articles in this volume were written in honour of F. A. Hayek and cover the whole scope of his thought. Many of the essays take as a starting point Hayek's own writings. The list of distinguished contributors include: Jacques Rueff, George Halm, Michael Polyani, Gordon Tullock, Günter Schmölders, Friedrich Lutz, Gottfried von Haberler, Frank Paish, Ludwig Lachmann, Peter Bauer, James Buchanan, Fritz Machlup and Karl Popper. |
| von hayek: F. A. Hayek Peter J. Boettke, 2018-09-05 This book explores the life and work of Austrian-British economist, political economist, and social philosopher, Friedrich Hayek. Set within a context of the recent financial crisis, alongside the renewed interest in Hayek and the Hayek-Keynes debate, the book introduces the main themes of Hayek’s thought. These include the division of knowledge, the importance of rules, the problems with planning and economic management, and the role of constitutional constraints in enabling the emergence of unplanned order in the market by limiting the perverse incentives and distortions in information often associated with political discretion. Key to understanding Hayek's development as a thinker is his emphasis on the knowledge problem that economic decision makers face and how alternative institutional arrangements either hinder or assist them in overcoming that epistemic dilemma. Hayek saw order emerging from individual action and responsibility under the appropriate institutional order that itself emerges from actors discovering new and better ways to coordinate their behavior. This book will be of interest to all those keen to gain a deeper understanding of this great 20th century thinker in economics. |
| von hayek: Capitalism and the Historians F. A. Hayek, 2013-11-05 A book that will disturb the sleep of a good many scholars Max Eastman F. A. Hayek's Introduction lays the groundwork for this study of the rise of the factory system in Great Britain. It also examines why historians have been so critical of capitalism and the factory system. The subsequent essays discuss why intellectuals have usually been antagonistic to capitalism and what effect these historical misconceptions have had on the world's attitude toward business enterprise. * Papers by distinguished British, American and European economic historians including T. S. Ashton, L. M. Hacker and Bertrand de Jouvenel * Actual case studies of the English factory system and the English factory worker support the theoretical material. |
| von hayek: The Commanding Heights Daniel Yergin, 1998 |
| von hayek: Monetary Nationalism and International Stability Friedrich A. von Hayek, 1937 |
| von hayek: Collectivist Economic Planning Friedrich A. von Hayek, Ludwig Von Mises, Georg Halm, Enrico Barone, 2015-07-07 In 1920, Ludwig von Mises dropped a bombshell on the European economic world with his article called Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth. It argued that socialism was impossible as an economic system. It set off two decades of debate, so by the time the essays appeared in English, in this very book here, in 1935, the debate was still raging. This volume edited by F.A. Hayek dug the knife into socialism's heart unlike any book to ever appear. It contains essays by Mises along with a foreword and afterword by Hayek. It also contains more commentary by N.G. Pierson, George Halm, and Enrico Barone. It is exceptionally well edited and beautifully argued, and has not been in print for many years. The contents are nothing short of prophetic. The so-called Calculation Argument has never been answered. It shows that without private property in capital goods, there can be no prices and hence no data available for cost accounting. Production becomes random at best, and completely irrational. Mises had convinced his generation and this book completely devastates the whole socialist apparatus from a theoretical point of view. No one interested in this debate can afford not to be well-versed in the contents of this book. |
| von hayek: A Conversation with Friedrich A. Von Hayek Friedrich August Hayek, 1979 |
| von hayek: Hayek on Hayek Stephen Kresge, Leif Wenar, 2020-04-07 This book traces the life's work of a man now widely regarded as one of the greatest economists, political philosophers and social theorists of the century. The result is the most alive and accessible introduction to Hayek to date. |
| von hayek: The Road to Serfdom F. A. Hayek, 2014-08-13 A classic work in political philosophy, intellectual history and economics, The Road to Serfdom has inspired and infuriated politicians and scholars for half a century. Originally published in 1944, it was seen as heretical for its passionate warning against the dangers of state control over the means of production. For Hayek, the collectivist idea of empowering government with increasing economic control would lead not to a utopia but to the horrors of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. This new edition includes a foreword by series editor and leading Hayek scholar Bruce Caldwell explaining the book's origins and publishing history and assessing common misinterpretations of Hayek's thought. Caldwell has also standardized and corrected Hayek's references and added helpful new explanatory notes. Supplemented with an appendix of related materials and forewords to earlier editions by the likes of Milton Friedman, and Hayek himself, this new edition of The Road to Serfdom will be the definitive version of Friedrich Hayek's enduring masterwork. |
| von hayek: The Road to Serfdom - Condensed Version Friedrich von Hayek, 2013-04-20 The Road to Serfdom is a book written by the Austrian-born economist and philosopher Friedrich von Hayek (1899-1992) between 1940-1943, in which he warned of the danger of tyranny that inevitably results from government control of economic decision-making through central planning. He further argues that the abandonment of individualism and classical liberalism inevitably leads to a loss of freedom, the creation of an oppressive society, the tyranny of a dictator, and the serfdom of the individual. Significantly, Hayek challenged the general view among British academics that fascism (and National Socialism) was a capitalist reaction against socialism. He argued that fascism, National Socialism and socialism had common roots in central economic planning and empowering the state over the individual.Since its publication in 1944, The Road to Serfdom has been an influential and popular exposition of market libertarianism. It has sold over two million copies.The Road to Serfdom was to be the popular edition of the second volume of Hayek's treatise entitled The Abuse and Decline of Reason, and the title was inspired by the writings of the 19th century French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville on the road to servitude. The book was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944, during World War II, and was quite popular, leading Hayek to call it that unobtainable book, also due in part to wartime paper rationing. It was published in the United States by the University of Chicago Press in September 1944 and achieved great popularity. At the arrangement of editor Max Eastman, the American magazine Reader's Digest published an abridged version in April 1945, enabling The Road to Serfdom to reach a wider popular audience beyond academics.The Road to Serfdom has had a significant impact on twentieth-century conservative and libertarian economic and political discourse, and is often cited today by commentators. |
| von hayek: The Sensory Order F. A. Hayek, 2012-09-15 The Nobel Prize-winning economist explores how the mind works—an early landmark in the field of cognitive science. The Sensory Order, first published in 1952, sets forth F. A. Hayek's classic theory of mind in which he describes the mental mechanism that classifies perceptions that cannot be accounted for by physical laws. Though Hayek is more commonly known as an icon in the field of economics, his genius was wide-ranging—and his contribution to theoretical psychology is of continuing significance to cognitive scientists as well as to economists interested in the interplay between psychology and market systems, and has been addressed in the work of Thomas Szasz, Gerald Edelman, and Joaquin Fuster. “A most encouraging example of a sustained attempt to bring together information, inference, and hypothesis in the several fields of biology, psychology, and philosophy.”—Quarterly Review of Biology |
| von hayek: An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain Henry Thornton, 2017-01-27 This book, first edited with an introduction by F. A. v. Hayek in 1939, explores some of the popular errors which related to the suspension of the cash payments of the Bank of England, and to the influence of our paper currency on the price of provisions. The introduction provides an interesting overview of the life, thoughts, and achievements of Henry Thornton. An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain will be of interest to students of the history of economic thought. |
| von hayek: Friedrich Hayek Alan Ebenstein, Alan O. Ebenstein, 2003-04-15 In the first full biography of Friedrich Hayek (1899-1992), Alan Ebenstein chronicles the life, works, and legacy of the visionary thinker, from his early years in fin-de-siècle Vienna to his remarkable career as a Nobel Prize winning economist, political philosopher, and leading public intellectual. Ebenstein gives a balanced, integrated account of Hayek's diverse body of work, from his first encounter with free market ideas to his magisterial writings in later life on the legal, political, ethical, and economic requirements of a free society. |
| von hayek: The Legacy of Friedrich Von Hayek F A HAYEK, Liberty Fund Inc, 2005-08 Seven of the world's most eminent contemporary economists explore the rich legacy Friedrich von Hayek left to economics. These seven DVDs each represent one of a series of lectures sponsored in 1999 by Liberty Fund and the Committee of Social Thought at the University of Chicago, in celebration of the 100th anniversary of Hayek's birth. Approximate running time: 720 minutes. |
| von hayek: The Intellectuals and Socialism Friedrich a Hayek, Friedrich von Hayek, 2013-10 This is a new release of the original 1949 edition. |
| von hayek: Socialism - An Economic and Sociological Analysis Ludwig von Mises, 2016-11-24 Socialism is the watchword and the catchword of our day. The socialist idea dominates the modem spirit. The masses approve of it. It expresses the thoughts and feelings of all; it has set its seal upon our time. When history comes to tell our story it will write above the chapter “The Epoch of Socialism.” As yet, it is true, Socialism has not created a society which can be said to represent its ideal. But for more than a generation the policies of civilized nations have been directed towards nothing less than a gradual realization of Socialism.17 In recent years the movement has grown noticeably in vigour and tenacity. Some nations have sought to achieve Socialism, in its fullest sense, at a single stroke. Before our eyes Russian Bolshevism has already accomplished something which, whatever we believe to be its significance, must by the very magnitude of its design be regarded as one of the most remarkable achievements known to world history. Elsewhere no one has yet achieved so much. But with other peoples only the inner contradictions of Socialism itself and the fact that it cannot be completely realized have frustrated socialist triumph. They also have gone as far as they could under the given circumstances. Opposition in principle to Socialism there is none. Today no influential party would dare openly to advocate Private Property in the Means of Production. The word “Capitalism” expresses, for our age, the sum of all evil. Even the opponents of Socialism are dominated by socialist ideas. In seeking to combat Socialism from the standpoint of their special class interest these opponents—the parties which particularly call themselves “bourgeois” or “peasant”—admit indirectly the validity of all the essentials of socialist thought. For if it is only possible to argue against the socialist programme that it endangers the particular interests of one part of humanity, one has really affirmed Socialism. If one complains that the system of economic and social organization which is based on private property in the means of production does not sufficiently consider the interests of the community, that it serves only the purposes of single strata, and that it limits productivity; and if therefore one demands with the supporters of the various “social-political” and “social-reform” movements, state interference in all fields of economic life, then one has fundamentally accepted the principle of the socialist programme. Or again, if one can only argue against socialism that the imperfections of human nature make its realization impossible, or that it is inexpedient under existing economic conditions to proceed at once to socialization, then one merely confesses that one has capitulated to socialist ideas. The nationalist, too, affirms socialism, and objects only to its Internationalism. He wishes to combine Socialism with the ideas of Imperialism and the struggle against foreign nations. He is a national, not an international socialist; but he, also, approves of the essential principles of Socialism. |
| von hayek: Austrian Economics in Transition H. Hagemann, T. Nishizawa, Y. Ikeda, 2010-05-28 This book analyzes both the consistent and changing elements in the Austrian School of Economics since its foundation in the late 19th Century up to the recent offspring of this School. It investigates the dynamic metamorphosis of the school, mainly with reference to its contact with representatives of history of economic thought. |
| von hayek: Hayek and Popper Mark Notturno, 2014-10-30 Karl Popper and Friedrich von Hayek are remembered as two of the twentieth century’s greatest proponents of open society. However, over the years, Hayek’s ideas have tended to be favoured over Popper’s in both academic and political discussions. This book aims to improve understanding of Popper’s and Hayek’s philosophies by explaining their differences, and whilst doing so, to encourage liberal political philosophers to take a better-informed and more sympathetic look at Popper’s ideas about open society. Popper and Hayek differed in subtle but fundamental ways about rationality, economism, and democracy. They thus differed about whether and to what extent society is well served by deliberate attempts at social engineering and government intervention in the economy. They also differed about whether democracy is better served by institutions designed to elect the best leaders, or by institutions designed to protect us against the leaders we elect. And they differed, perhaps most importantly, about whether we should value freedom as a means to prosperity or an end-in-itself. This book argues that Hayek’s views about rationality, economism, and democracy are fundamentally at odds with Popper’s3⁄4 and perhaps even with open society itself—and that the unintended consequences of Hayek’s views may actually pose a threat to Popper’s vision of a liberal and free open society. |
| von hayek: Roads to Freedom Erich Streissler, 2003 English or French. Bibliography of the writings of Friedrich A. von Hayek: pages 309-315. Bibliographical footnotes. Introduction, by E. Steissler.--Laudatio: un message pour le siècle, by J. Rueff.--Development economics: the spurious consenus and its background, by P.T. Bauer.--Is economics the science of choice? by J.M. Buchanan.--Wage-push inflation once more, by G. Haberler.--Will market economies and planned economies converge? by G.N. Halm.--Methodological individualism and the market economy, by L.M. Lachmann.--On neutral money, by F.A. Lutz.--Liberalism and the choice of freedoms, by F. Machlup.--The control of demand, by F.W. Paish.--The determinants of social action, by M. Polanyi.--A pluralist approach to the philosophy of history, by K.R. Popper.--A behavioral approach to monetary theory, by G. Schmölders.--Hayek on growth: a reconsideration of his early theoretical work, by E. Streissler.--The new theory of corporations, by G. Tullock. |
| von hayek: Money, Capital, and Fluctuations Friedrich August Hayek, 1984 |
| von hayek: The Nazi Hydra in America Glen Yeadon, 2008 This book exposes how US plutocrats launched Hitler, then recouped Nazi assets to lay the post-war foundations of a modern police state. Fascists won WWII because they ran both sides. Lays bare the tenacious roots of US fascism from robber baron days to Reichstag fire to the WTC atrocity and Homeland Security, with a blow-by-blow account of the fascist take-over of America's media. |
| von hayek: The Essence of Hayek Friedrich August Hayek, 1984 The twenty-one essays in this book provide an overview of the contributions of Nobel laureate Hayek to the fields of economics, political theory, history and philosophy. A leading member of the Austrian School of Economics and a defender of the free market and the liberal social and economic order, Hayek has written on such diverse subjects as the business cycle, monetary theory, capital, economic and social organization, law history, epistemology, the theory of science and government. His writings in various fields are unified by two fundamental ideas -- the limitation of knowledge and the spontaneous formation of systems. ISBN 0-8179-8011-3 : $27.50. |
| von hayek: The Fatal Conceit Friedrich August Hayek, 1988 |
| von hayek: Hayek: A Collaborative Biography Robert Leeson, 2018-05-10 F.A. von Hayek (1899-1992) was a Nobel Prize winning economist, famous for promoting an Austrian version of classical liberalism. The multi-volume Hayek: A Collaborative Biography examines the evolution of his life and influence. Two concepts of civilization revolve around power – should it be separated or concentrated? Liberalism in the non-Austrian classical tradition remains fearful of power concentrated in the hands of government, labour unions or corporations; Red Terrorists sought to monopolize power to liquidate enemies and competitors as a prelude to utopia (the ‘withering away of the State’); and behind the ‘slogan of liberty,’ White Terror promoters (Mises and Hayek) sought to concentrate power in the hands of a ‘dictatorial democracy’ where henchmen would liquidate enemies, and – ‘guided’ by ‘utopia’ (the ‘spontaneous’ order) – follow orders from their social superiors. This volume, Part XII, examines the ‘free’ market Use of Knowledge in Society; examines the foundations of ‘free’ market educational credentials; and asks whether those funded by the tobacco industry and the carbon lobby should be accorded ‘independent policy expert’ status. |
| von hayek: F. A. Hayek A. J. Tebble, 2013-08-01 Volume 13 in the Major Conservative and Libertarian thinkers series focuses on F.A. Hayek, the influential member of the Austrian School of Economics. |
| von hayek: Message and Muscle Friedrich von Hayek, 1993 |
| von hayek: Entrepreneurship, Money and Coordination Jürgen G. Backhaus, 2005-01-01 Hayek's theory of cultural evolution has always been a controversial topic. Interest in the theory, and others analysis and criticism of it, has been rising of late. This volume aims to explore the relevance of Hayek's theory for its own sake and for evolutionary economics more generally. |
| von hayek: An Analysis of Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom David Linden, Nick Broten, 2017-07-05 Friedrich Hayek’s 1944 Road to Serfdom is a classic of conservative economic argument. While undeniably a product of a specific time in global politics – which saw the threat of fascism from Nazi Germany and its allies beguilingly answered by the promises of socialism – Hayek’s carefully constructed argument is a fine example of the importance of good reasoning in critical thinking. Reasoning is the art of constructing good, persuasive arguments by organizing one’s thoughts, supporting one’s conclusions, and considering counter-arguments along the way. The Road to Serfdom illustrates all these skills in action; Hayek’s argument was that, while many assumed socialism to be the answer to totalitarian, fascist regimes, the opposite was true. Socialist government’s reliance on a large state, centralised control, and bureaucratic planning – he insisted – actually amounts to a different kind of totalitarianism. Freedom of choice, Hayek continued, is a central requirement of individual freedom, and hence a centrally planned economy inevitably constrains freedom. Though many commentators have sought to counter Hayek’s arguments, his reasoning skills won over many of the politicians who have shaped the present day, most notably Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan. |
| von hayek: Amartya Sen , 2007 |
| von hayek: The Legacy of Friedrich Von Hayek Peter J. Boettke, 1999 The three volumes on the economist/humanist, Friedrich von Hayek (1900-92) are divided into politics (v.1), philosophy (v.2), and economics (v.3), areas which Hayek attempted to interweave. The set begins with a general introduction in which Boettke maintains that Hayek is narrowly remembered for his opposition to socialism despite his Nobel Prize for economics (1974) and his scholarship in theoretical psychology, political philosophy, legal anthropology, the philosophy of science, and the history of ideas. Boettke describes Hayek this way: ... a technical economist, concerned with philosophical issues; a philosopher of mind, pursuing the implications of his conclusions on the nature of the mind for social scientific research; and a classical liberal political economist seeking to integrate the knowledge from technical economics and philosophy for the way we understand and study the political order of a free people. The introduction, ending with a chronology of Hayek's career, and a chronological list of his publications is followed by a total of 72 reprinted articles from the 1960s to the 1990s by scholars with only their professional association listed. Contributors include M. Polanyi, Carlo Zappia, Israel M. Kirzner, Mario Rizzo, John Gray, Jacob Viner, Richard Bellamy and numerous others. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| von hayek: Prices and Production Friedrich August Hayek, 1949 |
| von hayek: Socialism and the Market Peter J. Boettke, 1999-12-23 This set contains the material necessary for a full understanding of the Socialist Calculation debate, as well as giving critical insight into the relative merits of Capitalism, Socialism and the alternative Market Socialism. |
国外人名中的「de、da、von、van」等具体是什么意思？ - 知乎
Silva，不像德语的Mr. von Neumann之类。 不过传统的名字都不会这么简单，至少有父亲母亲的各一个姓，女性可能还会附上夫姓，特别讲究的还会各取两个姓，比如“自己名字·爷爷·奶奶·外 …
win11如何彻底关闭Hvpe V？ - 知乎
Apr 8, 2022 · cmd按照网上的教程，输入dism.exe / Online / Disable-Feature / FeatureName： Microsoft-Hyper-V-All但
研究生，硕士，博士，phd等这些学历分别是什么？ - 知乎
这么多人几乎没有讲明白的。 研究生分为博士研究生和硕士研究生，但是学历都是研究生学历，这是我国认可的最高学历。
能通俗的讲下什么是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义吗？ - 知乎
什么是辩证唯物主义？什么是历史唯物主义？辩证就是不孤立，历史就是不静止，这两者相结合就是，当我们要研究一个问题或者一段过程的时候，不能孤立地静止地只看到这一个问题点或者 …
CPU的主频和睿频到底哪个有用？ - 知乎
大家都知道 CPU 是电脑中负责数据处理的核心部件，CPU的运作原理遵循 冯·诺伊曼结构（von Neumann architecture），因此我们常用的计算机又叫做 冯·诺依曼计算机（von Neumann …
骗哥们可以是什么梗？ - 知乎
Bruder, es ist in Ordnung, Freunde zu täuschen, betrüge dich nicht selbst. Es spielt wirklich keine Rolle, ob der Kumpel von dir getäuscht wird, es wird mit einem haha vorübergehen. Aber ich …
真空中光速为什么是 299792458 米/秒？ - 知乎
为了验证电磁波的理论，并在麦克斯韦的理论和韦伯的理论之间做出判决，赫姆霍兹（Hermann von Helmholtz）让赫兹（Heinrich Hertz）设计了一系列实验。 赫兹通过精巧的实验设计，证 …
历史上最伟大的数学家有哪些 或者 给出top10排名？ - 知乎
从学术水准，学术产量，对后世数学发展的贡献等纯数学角度综合考量，比如像牛顿这种在物理学方面的贡献更…
国外人名中的「de、da、von、van」等具体是什么意思？ - 知乎
Silva，不像德语的Mr. von Neumann之类。 不过传统的名字都不会这么简单，至少有父亲母亲的各一个姓，女性可能还会附上夫姓，特别讲究的还会各取两个姓，比如“自己名字·爷爷·奶奶·外 …
win11如何彻底关闭Hvpe V？ - 知乎
Apr 8, 2022 · cmd按照网上的教程，输入dism.exe / Online / Disable-Feature / FeatureName： Microsoft-Hyper-V-All但
研究生，硕士，博士，phd等这些学历分别是什么？ - 知乎
这么多人几乎没有讲明白的。 研究生分为博士研究生和硕士研究生，但是学历都是研究生学历，这是我国认可的最高学历。
能通俗的讲下什么是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义吗？ - 知乎
什么是辩证唯物主义？什么是历史唯物主义？辩证就是不孤立，历史就是不静止，这两者相结合就是，当我们要研究一个问题或者一段过程的时候，不能孤立地静止地只看到这一个问题点或者 …
CPU的主频和睿频到底哪个有用？ - 知乎
大家都知道 CPU 是电脑中负责数据处理的核心部件，CPU的运作原理遵循 冯·诺伊曼结构（von Neumann architecture），因此我们常用的计算机又叫做 冯·诺依曼计算机（von Neumann …
骗哥们可以是什么梗？ - 知乎
Bruder, es ist in Ordnung, Freunde zu täuschen, betrüge dich nicht selbst. Es spielt wirklich keine Rolle, ob der Kumpel von dir getäuscht wird, es wird mit einem haha vorübergehen. Aber ich …
真空中光速为什么是 299792458 米/秒？ - 知乎
为了验证电磁波的理论，并在麦克斯韦的理论和韦伯的理论之间做出判决，赫姆霍兹（Hermann von Helmholtz）让赫兹（Heinrich Hertz）设计了一系列实验。 赫兹通过精巧的实验设计，证 …
历史上最伟大的数学家有哪些 或者 给出top10排名？ - 知乎
从学术水准，学术产量，对后世数学发展的贡献等纯数学角度综合考量，比如像牛顿这种在物理学方面的贡献更…
