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| ugaritic writing: A Manual of Ugaritic Pierre Bordreuil, Dennis Pardee, 2009-01-01 |
| ugaritic writing: A Basic Grammar of Ugaritic Language Stanislav Segert, 2023-11-15 In 1929, the first cuneiform tablet, inscribed with previously unknown signs, was found during archeological excavations at Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit) in northern Syria. Since then a special discipline, sometimes called Ugaritology, has arisen. The impact of the Ugaritic language and of the many texts written in it has been felt in the study of Semitic languages and literatures, in the history of the ancient Near East, and especially in research devoted to the Hebrew Bible. In fact, knowledge of Ugaritic has become a standard prerequisite for the scientific study of the Old Testament. The Ugaritic texts, written in the fourteenth and thirteenth centuries B. c., represent the oldest complex of connected texts in any West Semitic language now available (1984). Their language is of critical importance for comparative Semitic linguistics and is uniquely important to the critical study of Biblical Hebrew. Ugaritic, which was spoken in a northwestern corner of the larger Canaanite linguistic area, cannot be considered a direct ancestor of Biblical Hebrew, but its conservative character can help in the reconstruction of the older stages of Hebrew phonology, word formation, and inflection. These systems were later-that is, during the period in which the biblical texts were actually written-complicated by phonological and other changes. The Ugaritic texts are remarkable, however, for more than just their antiquity and their linguistic witness. They present a remarkably vigorous and mature literature, one containing both epic cycles and shorter poems. The poetic structure of Ugaritic is noteworthy, among other reasons, for its use of the parallelism of members that also characterizes such ancient and archaizing poems in the Hebrew Bible as the Song of Deborah (in Judges 5), the Song of the Sea (in Exodus 15), Psalms 29, 68, and 82, and Habakkuk 3. Textual sources and their rendering The basic source for the study of Ugaritic is a corpus of texts written in an alphabetic cuneiform script unknown before 1929; this script represents consonants fully and exactly but gives only limited and equivocal indication of vowels. Our knowledge of the Ugaritic language is supple-mented by evidence from Akkadian texts found at Ugarit and containing many Ugaritic words, especially names written in the syllabic cuneiform script. Scholars reconstructing the lost language of Ugarit draw, finally, on a wide variety of comparative linguistic data, data from texts not found at Ugarit, as well as from living languages. Evidence from Phoenician, Hebrew, Amorite, Aramaic, Arabic, Akkadian, Ethiopic, and recently also Eblaitic, can be applied to good effect. For the student, as well as for the research scholar, it is important that the various sources of U garitic be distinguished in modern transliteration or transcription. Since many of the texts found at Ugarit are fragmentary or physically damaged, it is well for students to be clear about what portion of a text that they are reading actually survives and what portion is a modern attempt to fill in the blanks. While the selected texts in section 8 reflect the state of preservation in detail, in the other sections of the grammar standardized forms are presented, based on all available evidence. In 1929, the first cuneiform tablet, inscribed with previously unknown signs, was found during archeological excavations at Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit) in northern Syria. Since then a special discipline, sometimes called Ugaritology, has arisen. The impac |
| ugaritic writing: A Manual of Ugaritic Pierre Bordreuil, Dennis Pardee, 2009-06-30 Prepared by two of the best-known scholars doing research on the language and texts of the ancient city of Ugarit (modern Tell Ras Shamra), A Manual of Ugaritic was first published in French in 2004 in two volumes. Eisenbrauns is pleased to make it available now in a corrected and updated version, in one volume, with significant enhancements. This book comprises a historical introduction to the texts and language, an outline of the grammar of Ugaritic, a bibliography, facsimiles of a number of texts, and a glossary and text concordance—in short, everything that a student needs for entrée into the language. This English edition comes with digital access to a hyperlinked PDF version of the grammar, with color photos of all of the texts included in the book. The hyperlinks enable the reader to move easily from the discussion in the grammar to a copy of a text, to the color photo of the text, and back again, making the material easier to use for students and researchers. |
| ugaritic writing: An Introduction to Ugaritic John Huehnergard, 2012 Highly respected linguist John Huehnergard brings his command of and vast knowledge in the field of comparative Semitic linguistics to this introductory grammar. Every aspect of the grammar is enriched by his broad understanding, while maintaining an unexcelled directness and order to the learning of the fundamental grammar of Ugaritic. Designed for students already familiar with Biblical Hebrew, this grammar contains the information necessary to help them become proficient in Ugaritic, and includes exercises to assist in learning basic grammar before commencing work with the actual Ugaritic texts. It is set apart from other gram¬mar books by its immense understanding of comparative Semitic grammar, and the concise and accurate manner in which Huehnergard presents the information. Special Features: - A glossary of all Ugaritic words used in the grammar - An appendix by Ugaritologist John Ellison on the scribal formation of the Ugaritic abecedaries - A number of full-color photographs of Ugaritic tablets - Keys to the exercises - Bibliographic information and indexes |
| ugaritic writing: Writing in Focus Florian Coulmas, Konrad Ehlich, 2011-07-22 TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing. |
| ugaritic writing: A Grammar of Ugaritic John Screnock, Vladimir Olivero, 2022-11-11 A Grammar of Ugaritic is an accessible yet academically rigorous textbook for first-year students of Ugaritic. Eight digestible lessons include more than 150 exercises to strengthen readers’ understanding through translation and composition of not only vocalized Ugaritic but also transcribed texts and cuneiform script—strategies that develop language skills and provide a sound basis for classroom teaching. Short stories interspersed among the lessons help students consolidate their knowledge and bolster recognition of forms. An introduction to the language and its historical context, glossaries, paradigms, and a bibliography and guide for further learning supplement the lessons. Students who work through the grammar in the classroom or individually will be rewarded with the ability to read real Ugaritic texts in cuneiform. |
| ugaritic writing: Ugarit and the Old Testament Peter C. Craigie, 2019-04-08 In 1929, a remarkable discovery was made by archaeologists at Ras Shamra in syria; beneath the soils of a small hill, they discovered the remains and libraries of the ancient city of Ugarit, which had been destroyed by barbarian invaders shortly after 1200BC. This book tells the story of that discovery and describes the life and civilization of the ancient city of Ugarit. In addition to updating the story with more recent archeological finds, this study recounts and assesses the extraordinary impact that the rediscovery has had on the last 50 years of the Old Testament studies. Written in a non-technical fashion, Ugarit and the Old Testament should be of interest to all readers of the Bible, particularly students and pastors concerned with the impact of contemporary archaeological discoveries on Old Testament studies. |
| ugaritic writing: The Idea of Writing Alex de Voogt, Joachim Friedrich Quack, 2011-12-09 The Idea of Writing is an exploration of the versatility of writing systems. This volume, the second in a series, is specifically concerned with the problems and possibilities of adapting a writing system to another language. Writing is studied as it is used across linguistic and cultural borders from ancient Egyptian, Cuneiform and Korean writing to Japanese, Kharosthi and Near Eastern scripts. This collection of articles aims to highlight the complexity of writing systems rather than to provide a first introduction. The different academic traditions in which these writing systems have been studied use linguistic, socio-historical and philological approaches that give complementary insights of the complex phenomena. |
| ugaritic writing: The Idea of Writing Alexander J. de Voogt, Irving L. Finkel, 2010 This exploration of the versatility of writing systems highlights their complexity when they are used to represent loanwords, solve problems of polysemy or when they are adapted to be used for another language. The approaches from different academic traditions provide a varied but expert account. |
| ugaritic writing: The Ugaritic Texts and the Origins of West-Semitic Literary Composition Dennis Pardee, 2012-01-19 The three chapters, based on the Schweich Lectures given in 2007, cover the origins of the cuneiform alphabetic writing system developed in Ugarit some time before 1250 BC, the use of alphabetic writing at Ugarit, and a comparison of Ugaritic and Hebrew literatures. |
| ugaritic writing: A Primer on Ugaritic William M. Schniedewind, Joel H. Hunt, 2007-07-02 A Primer on Ugaritic is an introduction to the language of the ancient city of Ugarit, a city that flourished in the second millennium BCE on the Lebanese coast, placed in the context of the culture, literature, and religion of this ancient Semitic culture. The Ugaritic language and literature was a precursor to Canaanite and serves as one of our most important resources for understanding the Old Testament and the Hebrew language. Special emphasis is placed on contextualization of the Ugaritic language and comparison to ancient Hebrew as well as Akkadian. The book begins with a general introduction to ancient Ugarit, and the introduction to the various genres of Ugaritic literature is placed in the context of this introduction. The language is introduced by genre, beginning with prose and letters, proceeding to administrative, and finally introducing the classic examples of Ugaritic epic. A summary of the grammar, a glossary, and a bibliography round out the volume. |
| ugaritic writing: A Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Languages Rebecca Hasselbach-Andee, 2020-03-31 Covers the major languages, language families, and writing systems attested in the Ancient Near East Filled with enlightening chapters by noted experts in the field, this book introduces Ancient Near Eastern (ANE) languages and language families used during the time period of roughly 3200 BCE to the second century CE in the areas of Egypt, the Levant, eastern Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Iran. In addition to providing grammatical sketches of the respective languages, the book focuses on socio-linguistic questions such as language contact, diglossia, the development of literary standard languages, and the development of diplomatic languages or “linguae francae.” It also addresses the interaction of Ancient Near Eastern languages with each other and their roles within the political and cultural systems of ANE societies. Presented in five parts, The Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Languages provides readers with in-depth chapter coverage of the writing systems of ANE, starting with their decipherment. It looks at the emergence of cuneiform writing; the development of Egyptian writing in the fourth and early third millennium BCI; and the emergence of alphabetic scripts. The book also covers many of the individual languages themselves, including Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittite, Pre- and Post-Exilic Hebrew, Phoenician, Ancient South Arabian, and more. Provides an overview of all major language families and writing systems used in the Ancient Near East during the time period from the beginning of writing (approximately 3200 BCE) to the second century CE (end of cuneiform writing) Addresses how the individual languages interacted with each other and how they functioned in the societies that used them Written by leading experts on the languages and topics The Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Languages is an ideal book for undergraduate students and scholars interested in Ancient Near Eastern cultures and languages or certain aspects of these languages. |
| ugaritic writing: Writing on the Tablet of the Heart David M. Carr, 2005-03-10 This book explores a new model for the production, revision, and reception of Biblical texts as Scripture. Building on recent studies of the oral/written interface in medieval, Greco-Roman and ancinet Near Eastern contexts, David Carr argues that in ancient Israel Biblical texts and other texts emerged as a support for an educational process in which written and oral dimensions were integrally intertwined. The point was not incising and reading texts on parchment or papyrus. The point was to enculturate ancient Israelites - particularly Israelite elites - by training them to memorize and recite a wide range of traditional literature that was seen as the cultural bedorck of the people: narrative, prophecy, prayer, and wisdom. |
| ugaritic writing: A Social History of Hebrew William M. Schniedewind, 2013-11-26 Considering classical Hebrew from the standpoint of a writing system as opposed to vernacular speech, Schniedewind demonstrates how the Israelites' long history of migration, war exile, and other momentous events is reflected in Hebrew's linguistic evolution. |
| ugaritic writing: The Amorite Dynasty of Ugarit Mary E. Buck, 2019-09-16 In The Amorite Dynasty of Ugarit Mary Buck takes a new approach to the field of Amorite studies by considering whether the site of Ugarit shares close parallels with other sites and cultures known from the Bronze Age Levant. When viewed in conjunction, the archaeological and linguistic material uncovered in this study serves to enhance our understanding of the historical complexity and diversity of the Middle Bronze Age period of international relations at the site of Ugarit. With a deft hand, Dr. Buck pursues a nuanced view of populations in the Bronze Age Levant, with the objective of understanding the ancient polity of Ugarit as a kin-based culture that shares close ties with the Amorite populations of the Levant. The author covers a contentious area of scholarship with confidence and competence, and has produced a convincing case for the Amorite origins of Bronze Age Ugarit. -Nick Wyatt, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 44.5 (2020) The Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant series publishes volumes from the Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East. Other series offered by Brill that publish volumes from the Museum include Harvard Semitic Studies and Harvard Semitic Monographs, https://hmane.harvard.edu/publications. |
| ugaritic writing: Homer and the Origin of the Greek Alphabet Barry B. Powell, 1996-10-28 A challenging and fascinating enquiry into the genesis of alphabetic writing. |
| ugaritic writing: Write that They May Read Daniel Isaac Block, David C. Deuel, C. John Collins, Paul John Nicholas Lawrence, 2020 Write That They May Read is a collection of essays written in honor of our mentor, friend, and fellow scholar, Professor Alan R. Millard. Respectful of his contribution to our understanding of writing and literacy in the ancient biblical world, all the essays deal with some aspect of this issue, ranging in scope from archeological artifacts that need to be read, to early evidence of writing in Israel''s world, to the significance of reading and writing in the Bible, including God''s own literacy, to the production of books in the ancient world, and the significance of metaphorical branding of God''s people with his name. The contributors are distributed among Professor Millard''s peers and colleagues in a variety of institutions, his own students, and students of his students. They represent a variety of disciplines including biblical archeology, Egyptology, Assyriology, Hebrew and other Northwest Semitic texts, and the literature of the Bible, and reside in North America, Japan, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Germany. Write That They May Read contains contributions by: Section 1: Artifacts and Minimalist Literacy1. See That You May Understand: Artifact Literacy--The Twin-cup Libation Vessels from Khirbet QeiyafaGerald Klingbeil, Research Professor of Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Andrews UniversityMartin Klingbeil, Professor of Biblical Studies and Archaeology, and Associate Director, Institute of Archaeology Southern Adventist University 2. Ketiv-Qere: The Writing and Reading of EA 256 and Its Place in Reflecting the Realia of Power and Polity in the LBA-IA Golan and PeripheriesTimothy M. Crow, Senior Lecturer in History, University of Akron; Professional Fellow Old Testament, Ashland Theological Seminary 3. Another Inscribed Arrowhead in the British MuseumTerrence C. Mitchell+. Former Keeper of Western Asiatic Antiquities, The British Museum, London, England 4. Earliest Literary Allusions to Homer and the Pentateuch from Ischia in Italy and JerusalemPaul J. N. Lawrence, Translation Consultant, Summer Institute of Linguistics International 5. The Etymology of Hebrew lōg and the Identity of Shavsha the ScribeYoshiyuki Muchiki, Professor of Biblical Theology, Japan Bible Seminary, Tokyo Section 2: Artifacts and Official Literacy6. The Writing/Reading of the Stone Tablet Covenant in the Light of the Writing/Reading/Hearing of the Silver Tablet TreatyGordon Johnston, Professor of Old Testament, Dallas Theological Seminary 7. For Whose Eyes? The Divine Origins and Function of the Two Tablets of the Israelite CovenantDaniel I. Block, Gunther H. Knoedler Professor Emeritus of Old Testament, Wheaton College 8. Write That They May Judge? Applying Written Law in Biblical IsraelJonathan Burnside, Professor of Biblical Law, Law School, University of Bristol. 9. And Samuel Wrote in the Book (1 Samuel 10:25) and His Apology in First Samuel 1-15Wolfgang Ertl, Dozent am Bibelseminar Bonn, Bornheim/Germany; Associate Professor of Old Testament, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary 10. For the one who will read it aloud will be able to run with it (Habakkuk 2:2c)David Toshio Tsumura, Professor of Old Testament, Japan Bible SeminarSection 3: The Rise of Literary Literacy11. The History and Pre-History of the Hebrew Language in the West Semitic Literary TraditionRichard E. Averbeck, Professor of Old Testament and Semitic Languages, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School 12. Divine Action in the Hebrew Bible: Borrowing from Ancient Near Eastern Cultures and InspirationC. John Collins, Professor of Old Testament, Covenant Theological Seminary13. Encoding and Decoding CultureJens Bruun Kofoed, Professor of Old Testament, Fjellhaug International University College,14. No Books, No Authors: Literary Production in a Hearing-Dominant CultureJohn H. Walton, Professor of Old Testament, Wheaton College15. The Discovery of the Book of the Law in 2 Kings 22:8-10 in the Light of the Literary Renaissance of the Eighth to Seventh Centuries in the Ancient Near East James K. Hoffmeier, Emeritus Professor of Old Testament and Near Eastern Archaeology, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School16. Read This Torah (Deuteronomy 31:11): The Importance and Function of Israel''s Primary Scripture in Early Spiritual GrowthDavid C. Deuel, Academic Dean Emeritus, The Master''s Academy International17. What is a Messianic Text? The Uruk Prophecy and the Old TestamentErnest C. Lucas, Vice-Principal Emeritus, Bristol Baptist College, UK18. Joshua 24 and Psalm 81 as IntertextsCheryl Eaton, PhD Candidate, Trinity College, Bristol 19. Much Study is a Weariness of the Flesh: To Read or not to Read in Ecclesiastes 12:11-12Knut Heim, Professor of Old Testament, Denver SeminarySection 4: Metaphorical Literacy20. Belonging to YHWH: Real and Imagined Inscribed Seals in Biblical TraditionCarmen Joy Imes, Associate Professor of Old Testament, Prairie College, Three Hills, Alberta 21. Reading the Eye: Optic Metaphorical Agency in Deuteronomic LawA. Rahel Wells, Associate Professor of Biblical Studies, Andrews University5. Epilogue22. Literacy and Postmodern Fallacies Richard S. Hess, Distinguished Professor of Old Testament and Semitic Languages, Denver SeminaryAbstract:23. In Praise of a Venerable Scribe: A Tribute to Alan R. MillardEdwin M. Yamauchi, Professor of History Emeritus, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio[with contributions from Daniel I. Block and Paul J. N. Lawrence] |
| ugaritic writing: Diachronic, areal, and typological Linguistics Henry M. Hoenigswald, 2019-04-15 No detailed description available for Diachronic, areal, and typological Linguistics. |
| ugaritic writing: From Adapa to Enoch Seth L. Sanders, 2017-06-07 This book asks what drove the religious visions of ancient scribes. During the first millennium BCE both Babylonian and Judean scribes wrote about and emulated their heroes Adapa and Enoch, who went to heaven to meet their god.--Preface, p. [v]. |
| ugaritic writing: The Origin of the Greek Alphabet: A New Perspective YAN Pui-chi (甄沛之), IP Lup-ng (葉立吾), 2022-03-11 This book offers a whole new perspective on the history of the birth of the Greek alphabet. It also aims to give a clear account of how ancient Greek alphabetic writing could naturally evolve into the world’s first segmental writing system, in which vowel and consonant letters are used to represent vowels and consonants respectively. This book should be of great interest to linguists and phoneticians, especially those taking an interest in the world’s writing systems. General readers who are curious about the genesis of the Greek alphabet are also likely to find the subject of the book interesting. |
| ugaritic writing: Proceedings of the 53th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale Leonid E. Kogan, Natalia Koslova, Sergey Loesov, Serguei Tishchenko, 2010-06-23 The second half of the proceedings, City Administration in the Ancient Near East, is available here. A workshop volume is available here. In July 2007, the 53rd Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (the annual meeting of the International Association of Assyriologists) was held in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia. In Moscow, several hundred Assyriologists enjoyed the hospitality of the Russian State University for the Humanities. Dozens of papers on the topic “Language in the Ancient Near East,” were delivered at the University. More than 50 of those papers are published in this 2-volume set. |
| ugaritic writing: Morphologies of Asia and Africa Alan S. Kaye, 2007-01-01 In 1997, Eisenbrauns published the highly-regarded two-volume Phonologies of Asia and Africa, edited by Alan Kaye with the assistance of Peter T. Daniels, and the book rapidly became the standard reference for the phonologies of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Now the concept has been extended, and Kaye has assembled nearly 50 scholars to write essays on the morphologies of the same language group. The coverage is complete, copious, and again will likely become the standard work in the field. Contributors are an international Who's Who of Afro-Asiatic linguistics, from Appleyard to Leslau to Voigt. It is with great sadness that we report the death of Alan Kaye on May 31, 2007, while these volumes were in the final stages of preparation for the press. Alan was diagnosed with bone cancer on May 1 while on research leave in the United Arab Emirates and was brought home to Fullerton by his son on May 22. |
| ugaritic writing: The Invention of Hebrew Seth L. Sanders, 2011 How choosing a language created a people |
| ugaritic writing: Semitic Languages Gideon Goldenberg, 2013-01-10 This book offers a thorough, authoritative account of the branches of Semitic, among them Akkadian, Aramaic, Hebrew, Arabic, and Ethiopic. It describes their history from ancient times to the present, geographical distribution, writing systems, classification, linguistic features, distinctive characteristics, and typological signicance. |
| ugaritic writing: The Ancient Languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia Roger D. Woodard, 2008-04-10 This book, derived from the acclaimed Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages, describes the ancient languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia, for the convenience of students and specialists working in that area. Each chapter of the work focuses on an individual language or, in some instances, a set of closely related varieties of a language. Providing a full descriptive presentation, each of these chapters examines the writing system(s), phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon of that language, and places the language within its proper linguistic and historical context. The volume brings together an international array of scholars, each a leading specialist in ancient language study. While designed primarily for scholars and students of linguistics, this work will prove invaluable to all whose studies take them into the realm of ancient language. |
| ugaritic writing: The Writing Revolution Amalia E. Gnanadesikan, 2011-09-13 In a world of rapid technological advancements, it can be easy to forget that writing is the original Information Technology, created to transcend the limitations of human memory and to defy time and space. The Writing Revolution picks apart the development of this communication tool to show how it has conquered the world. Explores how writing has liberated the world, making possible everything from complex bureaucracy, literature, and science, to instruction manuals and love letters Draws on an engaging range of examples, from the first cuneiform clay tablet, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Japanese syllabaries, to the printing press and the text messaging Weaves together ideas from a number of fields, including history, cultural studies and archaeology, as well as linguistics and literature, to create an interdisciplinary volume Traces the origins of each of the world’s major written traditions, along with their applications, adaptations, and cultural influences |
| ugaritic writing: The Early Alphabet John F. Healey, 1990-01-01 00 In this generously illustrated book, John Healey outlines the basic principles of the early alphabet and describes the first attempts at alphabetic writing in the Semitic languages. In this generously illustrated book, John Healey outlines the basic principles of the early alphabet and describes the first attempts at alphabetic writing in the Semitic languages. |
| ugaritic writing: The Kaabaean prototype of writing systems Nas E. Boutammina, 2019-01-29 Without a doubt, one of the most important processes of expression and communication of mankind was writing. The latter appears as something that has always existed and, therefore, denies any notion of the invention of a syllable and its corollary, the spelling. Could the linear alphabetic writing, the Kaabaean, not have been used immediately as soon as man appeared at a very remote time that the scientific community called prehistory? The diffusion of Scripture is a long process that has taken place for tens of thousands of years as has been the one of human migration from its point of origin. Thus, throughout these tens of millenia BC, along with migratory movements, scripture had spread geographically in cultural areas that would become very different between them and, therefore, very distinct from its Original frame. |
| ugaritic writing: Atlas of the Ancient Near East Trevor Bryce, Jessie Birkett-Rees, 2016-04-20 This atlas provides students and scholars with a broad range of information on the development of the Ancient Near East from prehistoric times through the beginning of written records in the Near East (c. 3000 BC) to the late Roman Empire and the rise of Islam. The geographical coverage of the Atlas extends from the Aegean coast of Anatolia in the west through Iran and Afghanistan to the east, and from the Black and Caspian Seas in the north to Arabia and the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean in the south. The Atlas of the Ancient Near East includes a wide-ranging overview of the civilizations and kingdoms discussed, written in a lively and engaging style, which considers not only political and military issues but also introduces the reader to social and cultural topics such as trade, religion, how people were educated and entertained, and much more. With a comprehensive series of detailed maps, supported by the authors’ commentary and illustrations of major sites and key artifacts, this title is an invaluable resource for students who wish to understand the fascinating cultures of the Ancient Near East. |
| ugaritic writing: Objects, Qualities, and Attributes as Deities in the Ancient Near East Jennifer Singletary, 2025-06-05 This book analyzes examples of objects, qualities, and attributes treated as deities in ancient Near Eastern texts spanning the second and first millennia BCE. Specifically, this cross-cultural study examines attestations of this phenomenon in texts from Mesopotamia, Ebla, Alalakh, Emar, and Ugarit, as well as first millennium inscriptions, Aramaic texts from Egypt, and the Hebrew Bible. Through the application of recent research in cognitive science of religion and prototype theory, the book concludes that these types of deities are natural products of the human mind. |
| ugaritic writing: Database Computing for Scholarly Research Sandra R. Schloen, Miller C. Prosser, 2023-12-23 This book discusses in detail a series of examples drawn from scholarly projects that use the OCHRE database platform (Online Cultural and Historical Research Environment). These case studies illustrate the wide range of data that can be managed with this platform and the wide variety of problems solved by OCHRE’s item-based graph data model. The unique features and design principles of the OCHRE platform are explained and justified, helping readers to imagine how the system could be used for their own data. Data generated by studies in the humanities and social sciences is often semi-structured, fragmented, highly variable, and subject to many interpretations, making it difficult to represent adequately in a conventional database. The authors examine commonly used methods of data management in the humanities and offer a compelling argument for a different approach that takes advantage of powerful computational techniques for organizing scholarly information. This book is achallenge to scholars in the humanities and social sciences, asking them to expect more from technology as they pursue their research goals. Written jointly by a software engineer and a research scholar, each with many years of experience in applying database methods to diverse kinds of scholarly data, it shows how scholars can make the most of their existing data while going beyond the limitations of commonly used software tools to represent their objects of study in a more accurate, nuanced, and flexible way. |
| ugaritic writing: A Bibliography on Writing and Written Language Konrad Ehlich, Florian Coulmas, Gabriele Graefen, 2011-06-01 The bibliography offers information on research about writing and written language over the past 50 years. No comprehensive bibliography on this subject has been published since Sattler's (1935) handbook. With a selection of some 27,500 titles it covers the most important literature in all scientific fields relating to writing. Emphasis has been placed on the interdisciplinary organization of the bibliography, creating many points of common interest for literacy experts, educationalists, psychologists, sociologists, linguists, cultural anthropologists, and historians. The bibliography is organized in such a way as to provide the specialist as well as the researcher in neighboring disciplines with access to the relevant literature on writing in a given field. While necessarily selective, it also offers information on more specialized bibliographies. In addition, an overview of norms and standards concerning 'script and writing' will prove very useful for non-professional readers. It is, therefore, also of interest to the generally interested public as a reference work for the humanities. |
| ugaritic writing: The Ancient Egyptian Universal Writing Modes Moustafa Gadalla, 2017-04-06 The Egyptian Alphabetical language is the MOTHER and origin of all languages; and how it was diffused to become other 'languages' throughout the world. This book will show how the Egyptians had various modes of writings for various purposes , and how the Egyptian modes were falsely designated as separate languages belonging to others. ;the falsehood of having different languages on the Rosetta (and numerous other like) Stone; evaluation of the hieratic' and demotic forms of writing. The book will also highlight how the Egyptian Alphabetical language is the MOTHER and origin of all languages (as confirmed by all writers of antiquities); and how this one original language came to be called Greek, Hebrew, Arabic and other 'languages' throughout the world—through deterioration of sound values via 'sound shifts', as well as foreign degradation of the original Egyptian writing forms. The book is divided into seven parts with a total of 24 chapters, as follows: Part I. Denial, Distortion and Diversion has 3 chapters—Chapters 1 to 3: Chapter 1: The Archetypal Primacy of The Egyptian Alphabet will show the role and remote history of alphabetical letter-forms writing in Ancient Egypt prior to any other place on earth. Chapter 2: The Concealment of The Supreme Egyptian Alphabet will show the incredible western academia scheme to conceal the Ancient Egyptian alphabetical letter-forms from its prominent position in the history of writing. Chapter 3: The Diversion of A Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician Connection will uncover all the facts about having Phoenicians as the inventor of alphabets on an Egyptian soil! Part II. Formation and Forms of Egyptian Alphabetic Writings has 6 chapters—Chapters 4 to 9: Chapter 4: Genesis of Egyptian Alphabetic Letters/Writing will refute the unfounded obsession that alphabetical letter-forms were derived from pictures; and the differences between ideograms, signs and alphabetical writing. Chapter 5: The Egyptian Sound Organization of Letters will cover the primary three vowels as the originators of all vowel sounds and associated consonants. Chapter 6: The Egyptian Alphabetic Writing Styles will sort out present common confusion of Ancient Egyptian styles of writing and set the two primary styles as uncials and cursive. Chapter 7: The Profession of Egyptian Scribes will cover the range of Egyptian writings; the profession of scribes; writing surfaces & instruments; and documentations of official missions by Egyptian scribes. Chapter 8: Multiple Writing Forms of a Single Document will cover the commonality of have several styles of same language on a single document; and examples of multiple writing forms on Egyptian magical divination papyri as well as on Egyptian stelae. Chapter 9: Multiple Writing Forms of The Rosetta Stone will expose the total misrepresentation of the three Egyptian writing forms on the Rosetta Stone as incorrectly being Egyptian and Greek! Part III. How The One World Language Became The Many has five chapters—Chapters 10 to 14: Chapter 10: The Beacon of the Ancient World will cover Egyptian settlements throughout the world; Ancient Egypt and The Seven Seas; Ancient Egypt as the World economic engine; the dominant Egyptian language; and the Egyptian Mother language of all language families. Chapter 11: Common Characteristics of Ancient Egyptian Alphabetic Writing System will detail such characteristics. Chapter 12: Letter-forms Divergence of World Alphabets From Its Egyptian Origin will cover the apparent variations of alphabetical letter-forms in world alphabets from its Egyptian origin; as well as an overview of the archetypal 28 Egyptian alphabetical letter-forms and their divergence into other regions of the world. Chapter 13: Sound Divergence of World Alphabets From Its Egyptian Origin will cover the systematic sound variations; as well as causes and effects of sound divergence from its Egyptian origin into other world alphabets. Chapter 14: Cavalier Designations of New Languages will cover how a new language has been awarded as a symbol of identity for winners of wars and new religions; as well as how new languages were fabricated from Egyptian scripts. Part IV. The Primary Linguistic Characteristics of The Egyptian Language has one chapter—Chapter 15: Chapter 15: The Primary Linguistic Characteristics of The Egyptian Language will cover the four pillars of a language; as well as an overview of the Egyptian prototypal interconnected lexicon, grammar and syntax. Part V. Out of Egypt—Diffusion Patterns To Asia and Africa has 5 chapters—Chapters 16 to 20: Chapter 16: Hebrew and Moses of Egypt will show the Egyptian origin of Hebrew and the absence of any linguistic distinction between Hebrew and the Ancient Egyptian language. Chapter 17: The Ancient Egyptian Hegemony of Asiatic Neighbors will discuss the found scripts in North and South Arabia; and clear up all apparent differences between them and the Ancient Egyptian writing system. Chapter 18: The African Connections will discuss the history and details of the Ethiopic language(s) and clear up all apparent differences between them and the Ancient Egyptian writing system. Chapter 19: From Egypt To India and Beyond will cover the two primary inscription styles in the Indian Sub-Continent; and clear up all apparent differences between them and the Ancient Egyptian writing system. Chapter 20: From Egypt to The Black Sea Basin [Georgia & Armenia] will cover affinities of languages from Central Asia To the Black Sea Basin; Ancient Egyptian settlements in the Black Sea Basin; Pre-existence of Armenian/Georgian alphabets in Ancient Egypt; and sameness of Ancient Egyptian alphabetical writing system in later Georgian & Armenian Languages. Part VI. Out of Egypt—Diffusion Patterns To Europe has two chapters—Chapters 21 & 22: Chapter 21: Greek: A Shameless Linguistic Heist will cover role of Greeks in Ancient Egypt as hired security guards; pre-existence of the proclaimed Greek alphabetical letter-forms in the Ancient Egyptian system; robbing and postdating Egyptian scripts to rename them as Greek; and the absence of any linguistic distinction between Greek and the Ancient Egyptian language. Chapter 22: The European Languages will cover Etruscan, Latin and Hispanic languages; and the absence of any linguistic distinction between them and the Ancient Egyptian language. Part VII. The Ancient Future of The Universal Language has two chapters—Chapters 23 & 24: Chapter 23: Egyptian Alphabetical Vocalic Language [Past, Present & Future] will cover the state of the vocalic and written language in Egypt and the minor changes that occurred over thousands of years. Chapter 24: Renaissance & Seeking the Universal Language—The Ancient Future will cover an overview of the English language's inconsistent phonetic writing system; Renaissance search for a Universal Language; and how such a language, by all accounts is the [Ancient] Egyptian Language. |
| ugaritic writing: Sefer Moshe: The Moshe Weinfeld Jubilee Volume Chaim Cohen, Avi M. Hurvitz, Shalom M. Paul, 2004-06-30 Moshe Weinfeld’s contributions to the study of the Bible and its literature, as well as the social and political situation of the Bible in its ancient Near Eastern context, are well known. In this volume, 35 colleagues and students contribute essays organized according to four subjects: (1) Exegetical and Literary Studies on the Bible; (2) Studies on Biblical Hebrew, History, and Geography; (3) Ancient Near Eastern and Amarna Studies; and (4) Studies on Qumran, Post biblical Judaism, and the Jewish Medieval Commentaries. A bibliography and biography of the honoree round out the volume. |
| ugaritic writing: The Archaeology of Ancient Israel Amnon Ben-Tor, 1992-01-01 In this illustrated book, some of Israel's foremost archaeologists present a survey of early life in the land of the Bible, from the Neolithic era (eighth millenium BC) to the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the First Temple in 586 BC. Each chapter covers a particular era and includes a bibliography. |
| ugaritic writing: Triumphal accounts in Hebrew and Egyptian Richard Abbott, This ebook contains the text approved by the external and internal PhD examiners for a thesis carried out under the supervision of Dr John Bimson at Trinity College, Bristol, England. It will be of interest to those who wish to explore cross-cultural connections between early Israel and New Kingdom Egypt, as expressed in triumphal literature. The thesis looks at issues to do with the creation of poetry in each of those cultures, and the links between them, as well as investigating when appropriate cross-cultural contacts might have happened to forge common links between them. From the abstract:This study aims to show that the Israel Stele of Merenptah and the Song of the Sea in Exodus 15 share sufficient common compositional principles and poetic devices as to support a similar dating for the two works. Indeed, the specific combinations of large-scale principles and small-scale devices are shown to be unique within their respective cultures. These claims are supported by analysis of a wide spectrum of both Egyptian and Hebrew triumphal material, together with insights drawn from wider studies in poetics and culture. Some original insights into Egyptian principles of poetic composition are suggested, together with the corresponding cross-cultural implications for Israelite poetry. The later textual history of incorporation of the original poetic work into its current narrative context is also considered. |
| ugaritic writing: Ugaritic Textbook Cyrus Herzl Gordon, 1998 |
| ugaritic writing: Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World , 2010-04-06 Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World is an authoritative single-volume reference resource comprehensively describing the major languages and language families of the world. It will provide full descriptions of the phonology, semantics, morphology, and syntax of the world's major languages, giving insights into their structure, history and development, sounds, meaning, structure, and language family, thereby both highlighting their diversity for comparative study, and contextualizing them according to their genetic relationships and regional distribution.Based on the highly acclaimed and award-winning Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, this volume will provide an edited collection of almost 400 articles throughout which a representative subset of the world's major languages are unfolded and explained in up-to-date terminology and authoritative interpretation, by the leading scholars in linguistics. In highlighting the diversity of the world's languages — from the thriving to the endangered and extinct — this work will be the first point of call to any language expert interested in this huge area. No other single volume will match the extent of language coverage or the authority of the contributors of Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. - Extraordinary breadth of coverage: a comprehensive selection of just under 400 articles covering the world's major languages, language families, and classification structures, issues and dispute - Peerless quality: based on 20 years of academic development on two editions of the leading reference resource in linguistics, Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics - Unique authorship: 350 of the world's leading experts brought together for one purpose - Exceptional editorial selection, review and validation process: Keith Brown and Sarah Ogilvie act as first-tier guarantors for article quality and coverage - Compact and affordable: one-volume format makes this suitable for personal study at any institution interested in areal, descriptive, or comparative language study - and at a fraction of the cost of the full encyclopedia |
| ugaritic writing: How Literatures Begin Joel B. Lande, Denis Feeney, 2021-07-20 A comparative history of the practices, technologies, institutions, and people that created distinct literary traditions around the world, from ancient to modern times Literature is such a familiar and widespread form of imaginative expression today that its existence can seem inevitable. But in fact very few languages ever developed the full-fledged literary cultures we take for granted. Challenging basic assumptions about literatures by uncovering both the distinct and common factors that led to their improbable invention, How Literatures Begin is a global, comparative history of literary origins that spans the ancient and modern world and stretches from Asia and Europe to Africa and the Americas. The book brings together a group of leading literary historians to examine the practices, technologies, institutions, and individuals that created seventeen literary traditions: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indian, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, English, Romance languages, German, Russian, Latin American, African, African American, and world literature. In these accessible accounts, which are framed by general and section introductions and a conclusion by the editors, literatures emerge as complex weaves of phenomena, unique and deeply rooted in particular times and places but also displaying surprising similarities. Again and again, new literatures arise out of old, come into being through interactions across national and linguistic borders, take inspiration from translation and cultural cross-fertilization, and provide new ways for groups to imagine themselves in relation to their moment in history. Renewing our sense of wonder for the unlikely and strange thing we call literature, How Literatures Begin offers fresh opportunities for comparison between the individual traditions that make up the rich mosaic of the world’s literatures. The book is organized in four sections, with seventeen literatures covered by individual contributors: Part I: East and South Asia: Chinese (Martin Kern), Japanese (Wiebke Denecke), Korean (Ksenia Chizhova), and Indian (Sheldon Pollock); Part II: The Mediterranean: Greek (Deborah Steiner), Latin (Joseph Farrell), Hebrew (Jacqueline Vayntrub), Syriac (Alberto Rigolio), and Arabic (Gregor Schoeler); Part III: European Vernaculars: English (Ingrid Nelson), Romance languages (Simon Gaunt), German (Joel Lande), and Russian (Michael Wachtel); Part IV: Modern Geographies: Latin American (Rolena Adorno), African (Simon Gikandi), African American (Douglas Jones), and world literature (Jane O. Newman). |
| ugaritic writing: Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures Helaine Selin, 1997-07-31 The Encyclopaedia fills a gap in both the history of science and in cultural stud ies. Reference works on other cultures tend either to omit science completely or pay little attention to it, and those on the history of science almost always start with the Greeks, with perhaps a mention of the Islamic world as a trans lator of Greek scientific works. The purpose of the Encyclopaedia is to bring together knowledge of many disparate fields in one place and to legitimize the study of other cultures' science. Our aim is not to claim the superiority of other cultures, but to engage in a mutual exchange of ideas. The Western aca demic divisions of science, technology, and medicine have been united in the Encyclopaedia because in ancient cultures these disciplines were connected. This work contributes to redressing the balance in the number of reference works devoted to the study of Western science, and encourages awareness of cultural diversity. The Encyclopaedia is the first compilation of this sort, and it is testimony both to the earlier Eurocentric view of academia as well as to the widened vision of today. There is nothing that crosses disciplinary and geographic boundaries, dealing with both scientific and philosophical issues, to the extent that this work does. xi PERSONAL NOTE FROM THE EDITOR Many years ago I taught African history at a secondary school in Central Africa. |
Ugaritic - Wikipedia
Ugaritic [2] [3] (/ ˌ j uː ɡ ə ˈ r ɪ t ɪ k, ˌ uː-/ [4]) is an extinct Northwest Semitic language known through the Ugaritic texts discovered by French archaeologists in 1928 at Ugarit, [5] [6] [7] [8] …
Ugaritic Translator - Anything Translate
With the Ugaritic Translator, you can unlock the mesmerizing world of Ugaritic – an ancient Northwest Semitic language spoken in the city of Ugarit, now known as Ras Shamra in …
What is Ugaritic, and what does it have to do with the Bible?
Jan 4, 2022 · Ugaritic was an ancient language spoken in the city of Ugarit (on the Mediterranean coast of Syria) contemporaneously with many of the events in the Old Testament.
What's Ugaritic Got to Do with Anything? - Logos Bible Study …
Ugaritic, the language of ancient Ugarit (in modern Syria), isn’t something that most people think about when it comes to Bible study. However, the clay tablets discovered and deciphered in …
Ugaritic - Etymology, Origin & Meaning - Etymonline
"unfounded belief that one is sick," by 1816; a narrowing from the earlier sense "depression or melancholy without real cause" (1660s); from Middle English medical term ipocondrie "lateral …
Ugaritic - definition of Ugaritic by The Free Dictionary
1. of or pertaining to Ugarit, its people, or their language. n. 2. the western Semitic language of the inhabitants of Ugarit, written in a cuneiform alphabet. Random House Kernerman Webster's …
Ugarit - Wikipedia
Ugarit (/ j uː ˈ ɡ ɑː r ɪ t, uː-/; Ugaritic: 𐎜𐎂𐎗𐎚, ủgrt /ʾUgarītu/) was an ancient port city in northern Syria about 10 kilometers north of modern Latakia. At its height it ruled an area roughly …
Deciphering the Ugaritic Language - Dr. Claude Mariottini
Aug 20, 2013 · When excavation began at the site of ancient Ugarit, archaeologists discovered a library containing a trove of religious and economic texts written in the Ugaritic language. …
What is Ugaritic, and what does it have to do with the Bible?
May 8, 2025 · Ugaritic is an ancient Semitic language that was spoken in the city of Ugarit, which is located in modern-day Syria. The language was primarily used from around 1450 B.C. until …
Ugaritic Letters and Ritual Texts - University of Chicago
Ugarit was the ancient name of a city located on the coast of what is today Syria, just a few miles north of Latakia. The modern tell goes by the name of Ras esh-Shamra, "Cape Fennel," …
Ugaritic - Wikipedia
Ugaritic [2] [3] (/ ˌ j uː ɡ ə ˈ r ɪ t ɪ k, ˌ uː-/ [4]) is an extinct Northwest Semitic language known through the Ugaritic texts discovered by French archaeologists in 1928 at Ugarit, [5] [6] [7] [8] …
Ugaritic Translator - Anything Translate
With the Ugaritic Translator, you can unlock the mesmerizing world of Ugaritic – an ancient Northwest Semitic language spoken in the city of Ugarit, now known as Ras Shamra in …
What is Ugaritic, and what does it have to do with the Bible?
Jan 4, 2022 · Ugaritic was an ancient language spoken in the city of Ugarit (on the Mediterranean coast of Syria) contemporaneously with many of the events in the Old Testament.
What's Ugaritic Got to Do with Anything? - Logos Bible Study …
Ugaritic, the language of ancient Ugarit (in modern Syria), isn’t something that most people think about when it comes to Bible study. However, the clay tablets discovered and deciphered in …
Ugaritic - Etymology, Origin & Meaning - Etymonline
"unfounded belief that one is sick," by 1816; a narrowing from the earlier sense "depression or melancholy without real cause" (1660s); from Middle English medical term ipocondrie "lateral …
Ugaritic - definition of Ugaritic by The Free Dictionary
1. of or pertaining to Ugarit, its people, or their language. n. 2. the western Semitic language of the inhabitants of Ugarit, written in a cuneiform alphabet. Random House Kernerman Webster's …
Ugarit - Wikipedia
Ugarit (/ j uː ˈ ɡ ɑː r ɪ t, uː-/; Ugaritic: 𐎜𐎂𐎗𐎚, ủgrt /ʾUgarītu/) was an ancient port city in northern Syria about 10 kilometers north of modern Latakia. At its height it ruled an area roughly …
Deciphering the Ugaritic Language - Dr. Claude Mariottini
Aug 20, 2013 · When excavation began at the site of ancient Ugarit, archaeologists discovered a library containing a trove of religious and economic texts written in the Ugaritic language. …
What is Ugaritic, and what does it have to do with the Bible?
May 8, 2025 · Ugaritic is an ancient Semitic language that was spoken in the city of Ugarit, which is located in modern-day Syria. The language was primarily used from around 1450 B.C. until …
Ugaritic Letters and Ritual Texts - University of Chicago
Ugarit was the ancient name of a city located on the coast of what is today Syria, just a few miles north of Latakia. The modern tell goes by the name of Ras esh-Shamra, "Cape Fennel," …
