Advertisement
| thomas malthus theory: An Essay on the Principle of Population T. R. Malthus, 2012-03-13 The first major study of population size and its tremendous importance to the character and quality of society, this classic examines the tendency of human numbers to outstrip their resources. |
| thomas malthus theory: An Essay on the Principle of Population and Other Writings Thomas Malthus, 2015-06-04 Malthus' life's work on human population and its dependency on food production and the environment was highly controversial on publication in 1798. He predicted what is known as the Malthusian catastrophe, in which humans would disregard the limits of natural resources and the world would be plagued by famine and disease. He significantly influenced the thinking of Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace and his theories continue to raise important questions today in the fields of social theory, economics and the environment. With an introduction by Robert Mayhew. |
| thomas malthus theory: The Malthusian Moment Thomas Robertson, 2012-05-07 Although Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962) is often cited as the founding text of the U.S. environmental movement, in The Malthusian Moment Thomas Robertson locates the origins of modern American environmentalism in twentieth-century adaptations of Thomas Malthus’s concerns about population growth. For many environmentalists, managing population growth became the key to unlocking the most intractable problems facing Americans after World War II—everything from war and the spread of communism overseas to poverty, race riots, and suburban sprawl at home. Weaving together the international and the domestic in creative new ways, The Malthusian Moment charts the explosion of Malthusian thinking in the United States from World War I to Earth Day 1970, then traces the just-as-surprising decline in concern beginning in the mid-1970s. In addition to offering an unconventional look at World War II and the Cold War through a balanced study of the environmental movement’s most contentious theory, the book sheds new light on some of the big stories of postwar American life: the rise of consumption, the growth of the federal government, urban and suburban problems, the civil rights and women’s movements, the role of scientists in a democracy, new attitudes about sex and sexuality, and the emergence of the “New Right.” |
| thomas malthus theory: The Economics of Thomas Robert Malthus Samuel Hollander, 1997-01-01 Hollander investigates the relation of Malthusian economics to that of the other great classicists - particularly Smith, Ricardo, J.B. Say, and the French physiocrats. He redefines our common perception of Malthus's method and character. |
| thomas malthus theory: The Malthusian Controversy Kenneth Smith, 2006 First published in 1951, this book critically examines the Malthusian Theory of Population. Focusing on the hitherto ignored critics of Malthus it presents a new perspective on the most urgent of modern issues, the problem of world population. |
| thomas malthus theory: Principles of Political Economy Considered with a View to Their Practical Application Thomas Robert Malthus, 1836 |
| thomas malthus theory: Malthus , Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834), one of the most influential of modern thinkers, is also one of the most misunderstood. Malthus' Essay on Population is a work that everyone cites but typically without having read it. This book offers a comprehensive and accurate exposition of his thought, integrating his better-known theory on population with his somewhat neglected analysis of economic development and social structure. In Petersen's Malthus both the general reader and the social scientist are given a basis for contrasting Malthus with competing theories. As a background to his exposition, Petersen discusses the trends since Malthus' day in fertility, mortality, and population growth. The book also has an accessible comparison of Malthus' economics with that of his contemporary, David Ricardo, as well as the links to the Keynesian thought of recent time. Petersen also comments on Malthus' stand on birth control, as well as on the rise of the neo-Malthusian movement and its successor in today's less developed countries. The review of both population trends and demographic theory over the past century and a half gives the reader a base from which he can judge in what respects Malthus did, or did not, forecast the future accurately. As Petersen points out, Malthus also influenced the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin, as well as its offshoot, Social Darwinism. Malthus is an essential work not only for demographers and economists but for anyone interested in intellectual history. The late Robert Nisbet, in his review of the book for the New Republic, called it the best exposition of Malthus to be found anywhere. William Petersen, Robert Lazarus Professor of Social Demography Emeritus at Ohio State University, is known throughout the profession as a leading demographer. He is also an elegant writer. |
| thomas malthus theory: Malthus Robert J. Mayhew, 2014-04-28 Though Robert Malthus has never disappeared, he has been perpetually misunderstood. Robert Mayhew offers at once a major reassessment of Malthus’s ideas and an intellectual history of the origins of modern debates about demography, resources, and the environment, giving historical depth to our current planetary concerns. |
| thomas malthus theory: An Essay on the Principle of Population T. R. Malthus, 2022-09-16 T. R. Malthus's 'An Essay on the Principle of Population' is a seminal work in the field of classical economics. Published in 1798, Malthus argues that population growth will inevitably outpace food production, leading to widespread misery and poverty. His grim predictions were controversial at the time but have since become influential in the fields of economics and sociology. Malthus's writing style is clear and concise, making complex economic theories accessible to a wide audience. The book's focus on the relationship between population growth and resources provides valuable insight into the challenges facing modern societies. Malthus's work is essential reading for anyone interested in the intersection of economics and demographics. Thomas Robert Malthus was a British economist and demographer who lived from 1766 to 1834. His observations of social conditions during the Industrial Revolution informed his theories on population growth. Malthus's background in theology and political economy shaped his unique perspective on the factors influencing societal development. His work continues to influence discussions on sustainability and resource management. I highly recommend 'An Essay on the Principle of Population' to readers interested in economic theory, sociology, and environmental studies. Malthus's insights remain relevant in today's world, providing valuable context for understanding contemporary social and economic issues. |
| thomas malthus theory: The Population Bomb Paul R. Ehrlich, 1971 |
| thomas malthus theory: T. R. Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population: Volume 2 T. R. Malthus, 1989 Published in two volumes, these books provide a student audience with an excellent scholarly edition of Malthus' Essay on Population. Written in 1798 as a polite attack on post-French revolutionary speculations on the theme of social and human perfectibility, it remains one of the most powerful statements of the limits to human hopes set by the tension between population growth and natural resources. Based on the authoritative variorum edition of the versions of the Essay published between 1803 and 1826, and complete with full introduction and bibliographic apparatus, this edition is intended to show how Malthusianism impinges on the history of political thought, and how the author's reputation as a population theorist and political economist was established. |
| thomas malthus theory: The Works of Thomas Robert Malthus Thomas Robert Malthus, 1986 |
| thomas malthus theory: Peoplequake Fred Pearce, 2011 Wherever we look, population is the driver of the most toxic issues on the political agenda. But the population bomb is being defused. Half the world's women are having two children or fewer. Within a generation, the world's population will be falling. And we will all be getting very old. So should we welcome the return to centre stage of the tribal elders? Or is humanity facing a fate worse than environmental apocalypse? Brilliant, heretical and accessible to all, Fred Pearce takes on the matter that is fundamental to who we are and how we live, confronting our demographic demons. |
| thomas malthus theory: Limits Giorgos Kallis, 2019-10-15 |
| thomas malthus theory: The Legacy of Malthus Allan Chase, 1980 |
| thomas malthus theory: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Progress of Rent, and the Principles by which it is Regulated Thomas Robert Malthus, 1815 |
| thomas malthus theory: Two Lectures on Population Nassau William Senior, Thomas Robert Malthus, 1831 |
| thomas malthus theory: An Essay on the Principle of Population Thomas Malthus, 2014-04-05 An Essay on the Principle of Population Thomas Malthus The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published in 1798 under the alias Joseph Johnson., but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus. While it was not the first book on population, it has been acknowledged as the most influential work of its era. Its 6th edition was independently cited as a key influence by both Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in developing the theory of natural selection. A key portion of the book was dedicated to what is now known as Malthus' Iron Law of Population. This name itself is retrospective, based on the iron law of wages, which is the reformulation of Malthus' position by Ferdinand Lassalle, who in turn derived the name from Goethe's great, eternal iron laws in Das Gottliche. This theory suggested that growing population rates would contribute to a rising supply of labour that would inevitably lower wages. In essence, Malthus feared that continued population growth would lend itself to poverty. One immediate impact of Malthus's book was that it fueled the debate about the size of the population in Britain and led to (or at least greatly accelerated) the passing of the Census Act 1800. This Act enabled the holding of a national census in England, Wales and Scotland, starting in 1801 and continuing every ten years to the present. In 1803, Malthus published a major revision to his first edition, as the same title second edition; his final version, the 6th edition, was published in 1826. However, in 1830, 32 years after the first edition, Malthus published a condensed version titled A Summary View on the Principle of Population, which included remarks about criticisms of the main book. |
| thomas malthus theory: American Environmental History Dan Allosso, 2017-12-14 An expanded, new and improved American Environmental History textbook for everyone! After years of teaching Environmental History at a major East Coast University without a textbook, Dr. Dan Allosso decided to take matters into his own hands. The result, American Environmental History, is a concise, comprehensive survey covering the material from Dan's undergraduate course. What do people say about the class and the text? This was my first semester and this course has created an incredible first impression. If all of the courses are this good, I am going to really enjoy my time here. The course has completely changed the way I look at the world. (Student in 2014 class) One of the few classes I'm really sad is ending, the subject matter is fascinating and Dan is a great guide to it. His approach should be required of all students as it teaches an appreciation for a newer and better way of living. (Student in 2014 class) Allosso's lectures are fantastic. The best I have ever had. So impressed. The material is always extremely interesting and well-presented. (Student in 2015 class) It is just a perfect course that I think should be mandatory if we want to save our planet and live responsibly. (Student in 2015 class) A rare gem for an IB ESS teacher or any social studies teacher looking for an 11th or 12th grade supplementary text that aims to provide an historical context for the environmental reality in America today. Highly recommended. (District Curriculum Coordinator, 2016) I was so impressed with this material that I am using it as a supplement for a course I teach at my college. (History and Environmental Studies Professor, 2017) Beginning in prehistory and concluding in the present, American Environmental History explores the ways the environment has affected the choices that became our history, and how our choices have affected the environment. The dynamic relationship between people and the world around them is missing from mainstream history. Putting the environment back into history helps us make sense of the past and the present, which will help guide us toward a better future. More information and Dan's blog are available at environmentalhistory.us |
| thomas malthus theory: The End of Doom Ronald Bailey, 2015-07-21 In the past five decades there have been many, many forecasts of impending environmental doom. They have universally been proven wrong. Meanwhile, those who have bet on human resourcefulness have almost always been correct. In his widely praised book Ecoscam, Ronald Bailey strongly countered environmentalist alarmism, using facts to demonstrate just how wildly overstated many claims of impending ecological doom really were. Now, twenty years later, the Reason Magazine science correspondent is back to assess the future of humanity and the global biosphere. Bailey finds, contrary to popular belief, that many present ecological trends are quite positive. Including: Falling cancer incidence rates in the United States. The likelihood of a declining world population by mid-century. The abundant return of agricultural land to nature as the world reaches peak farmland. A proven link between increases in national wealth and reductions in air and water pollution Global warming is a problem, but the cost of clean energy could soon fall below that of fossil fuels. In The End of Doom, Bailey avoids polemics and offers a balanced, fact-based and ultimately hopeful perspective on our current environmental situation. Now isn't that a breath of fresh air? |
| thomas malthus theory: A Theory of Accumulation and Secular Stagnation Daniel Aronoff, 2018-01-08 Thomas Malthus identified a crucial tension at the heart of a market economy: While an accumulation of wealth is necessary to provide the capital investment needed to generate growth, too much accumulation will cause planned saving to exceed profitable investment, which will result in secular stagnation, a condition of low growth and underemployment of resources. Keynes drew inspiration from Malthus in his attempt to comprehend the causes of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Now, Aronoff demonstrates how a related but slightly different aspect of Malthus' thought can illuminate one of the most pressing issues of our times. In A Theory of Accumulation and Secular Stagnation, Aronoff explores Malthus' ideas relating to secular stagnation and uses the insight gained to understand the origins of the subpar growth and tepid employment, periodically punctuated by booms, that has plagued the US economy since the turn of the millennium. He explains how the rise of mercantilism among Asian countries – principally China – and increased income concentration generated an upsurge in excess saving. This accumulation created a chronic deficiency in demand while also depressing interest rates, which generated a search for yield that fuelled periodic booms. |
| thomas malthus theory: Fruits of Philosophy Charles Knowlton, 1878 |
| thomas malthus theory: Debating Malthus Robert J. Mayhew, 2022 For centuries, thinking about the earth?s increasing human population has been tied to environmental ideas and political action. This highly teachable collection of contextualized primary sources allows students to follow European and North American discussions about intertwined and evolving concepts of population, resources, and the natural environment from early contexts in the sixteenth century right through to the present day. Edited and introduced by Robert J. Mayhew, a noted biographer of Thomas Robert Malthus?whose Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), excerpted here, is an influential and controversial take on the topic?this volume explores themes including evolution, eugenics, war, social justice, birth control, environmental Armageddon, and climate change. Other responses to the idea of new ?population bombs? are represented here by radical feminist work, by Indigenous views of the population-environment nexus, and by intersectional race-gender approaches. By learning the patterns of this discourse, students will be better able to critically evaluate historical conversations as well as contemporary debates. |
| thomas malthus theory: From So Simple a Beginning Charles Darwin, 2010-08-31 Hailed as superior by Nature, this landmark volume is available in a collectible, boxed edition. Never before have the four great works of Charles Darwin—Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle (1845), The Origin of Species (1859), The Descent of Man (1871), and The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)—been collected under one cover. Undertaking this challenging endeavor 123 years after Darwin's death, two-time Pulitzer Prize winner Edward O. Wilson has written an introductory essay for the occasion, while providing new, insightful introductions to each of the four volumes and an afterword that examines the fate of evolutionary theory in an era of religious resistance. In addition, Wilson has crafted a creative new index to accompany these four texts, which links the nineteenth-century, Darwinian evolutionary concepts to contemporary biological thought. Beautifully slipcased, and including restored versions of the original illustrations, From So Simple a Beginning turns our attention to the astounding power of the natural creative process and the magnificence of its products. |
| thomas malthus theory: The Malthusians [tr. by B.R. Tucker]. Pierre Joseph Proudhon, 1886 |
| thomas malthus theory: A Christmas Carol Charles Dickens, 2015-09-15 From the bustling, snowy streets of 19th-century London to the ghostly apparitions of Christmases past and future, award-winning artist Roberto Innocenti vividly renders not only the authentic detail but also the emotional impact of Charles Dickens's beloved Christmas tale. In both crowded urban scenes and intimate portraits of familiar characters, we gain a sense of the timeless humanity of the tale and perhaps catch a glimpse of ourselves. |
| thomas malthus theory: The Theory of Population Thomas Robert Malthus, 1993-03-01 |
| thomas malthus theory: Population Thomas Robert Malthus, 1959 Malthus's classic prescription for the problem of overpopulation |
| thomas malthus theory: The Worldly Philosophers Robert L. Heilbroner, 1953 Introduction.--The economic revolution.--The wonderful world of Adam Smith.--The gloomy world of Parson Malthus and David Ricardo.--The beautiful world of the Utopian socialists.--The inexorable world of Karl Marx.--The Victorian world and the underworld of economics.--The savage world of Thorstein Veblen.--The sick world of John Maynard Keynes.--The modern world.--Beyond the economic revolution.--A guide to further reading (p. 320-326). |
| thomas malthus theory: Perspectives on Ecology Koula Mellos, 1988-11-24 |
| thomas malthus theory: An Essay on the Principle of Population Thomas Robert Malthus, 1998 English economist and professor Thomas R. Malthus (1766-1834) caused great public controversy among the optimistic positivitists of his day when his Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) showed incontrovertibly that population, when unchecked, tends to increase faster than the availability of subsistence. Therefore preventive checks on population increase are necessary. Malthus, whose work influenced the research of Charles Darwin, admitted he was pessimistic about the future of humankind. He argued, through mathematical proofs and scientific documentation, that without population control the societal result is overcrowding, disease, war, poverty, and vice. |
| thomas malthus theory: Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic Discovery David Warsh, 2007-05-17 Chronicling the story of what has come to be called the new growth theory, this text helps to explain dominant first-mover firms like IBM or Microsoft, underscores the value of intellectual property, and provides essential advice to those concerned with the expansion of the economy. |
| thomas malthus theory: God's Last Offer Ed Ayres, 2000-08-10 Monumental changes are occurring on the planet, yet most people are unaware of them. In God's Last Offer, environmentalist Ed Ayres paints a vivid big picture of where the world is headed. He identifies a lethal combination of events -- radical climate changes, increasing species extinction, unsustainable consumption, and exploding human populations -- and presents a blueprint for a radical shift of policies and priorities to avoid a cataclysm. |
| thomas malthus theory: T. R. Malthus: Principles of Political Economy: Volume 1 T. R. Malthus, John Pullen, 1989 Published in two volumes or as a set this provides a definitive scholarly variorum edition of Malthus's Principles of Political Economy. It contains the full text of the first 1820 edition, including Malthus's own invaluable 70-page summary, and contains details of all the additions, omissions and emendations that occurred between the first and the second, posthumous, edition of 1836. The first edition is extremely rare, and for over 150 years confusions and disagreements have inevitably occurred in the interpretation of Malthus's economics because of the absence of any systematic record of the differences between the two editions. The editor has written a lengthy and authoritative introduction giving an account, derived mainly from contemporary correspondence, of the events and circumstances surrounding the publication of the two editions. It shows the relationship between the Principles and Malthus's other writings and activities as a political economist. There is also an editorial commentary that aims to explain the significance and origin of the alterations. |
| thomas malthus theory: Malthus Donald Winch, 1987 Thomas Robert Malthus created a considerable controversy with his 1789 publication Essay on the Principle of Population. Since then there has been a great deal of confusion about the ideas attributed to him. Donald Winch here examines the contribution Malthus made to political econony, morality, and demography, and the changes his Essay underwent after its second, mature edition of 1803. He also assesses the profound influence of Malthus on Darwin and Keynes, and his significance for contemporary economic thought. |
| thomas malthus theory: The Worldly Philosophers Robert L. Heilbroner, 1967 Guide to further reading: pages 307-312. |
| thomas malthus theory: An Essay on the Principle of Population Thomas Malthus, 1999-08-12 Malthus's Essay looks at the perennial tendency of humans to outstrip their resources: reproduction always exceeds food production. Today Malthus remains a byword for concern about man's demographic and ecological prospects. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more. |
| thomas malthus theory: Ideology, Social Theory, and the Environment William D. Sunderlin, 2003 Does human population growth threaten the environment, or does it guarantee we will safeguard it? Is economic growth the key ecological problem, or is it in fact the solution? What will be the leading force to save the planet: civil society, government, or private enterprise? This book shows that these polemical debates are governed not so much by access to 'facts' as they are by the political ideology of the expert advancing a particular argument. Moreover, the thoughts of these experts tend to be based largely in just one of three competing streams of political thought: the left, the center, or the right. Drawing on social theory, the author explains the philosophical origins of this tendency to rely on just one of three traditions, and why this poses a serious obstacle to conceptualizing the cause, nature, and resolution of environmental problems. Sunderlin argues that laying the foundation for a livable world involves giving conscious and dedicated attention to the core tenets of all three political traditions: action against class inequality and advocacy of social justice within and among countries; reformation of laws and policies emanating from the halls of power and technological innovation in centers of research; and wholesale cultural change and promotion of individual initiative, responsibility, and creativity. |
| thomas malthus theory: Marx and Engels on the Population Bomb Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, 1971 First published in 1953 under title: Marx and Engels on Malthus. |
| thomas malthus theory: The Skeptical Environmentalist Bjørn Lomborg, 2001 The Skeptical Environmentalist challenges widely held beliefs that the environmental situation is getting worse and worse. The author, himself a former member of Greenpeace, is critical of the way in which many environmental organisations make selective and misleading use of the scientific evidence. Using the best available statistical information from internationally recognised research institutes, Bjørn Lomborg systematically examines a range of major environmental problems that feature prominently in headline news across the world. His arguments are presented in non-technical, accessible language and are carefully backed up by over 2500 footnotes allowing readers to check sources for themselves. Concluding that there are more reasons for optimism than pessimism, Bjørn Lomborg stresses the need for clear-headed prioritisation of resources to tackle real, not imagined problems. The Skeptical Environmentalist offers readers a non-partisan stocktaking exercise that serves as a useful corrective to the more alarmist accounts favoured by campaign groups and the media. |
YouTube
Explore and share videos, music, and more on YouTube, the leading platform for online video streaming and sharing.
Thomas & Friends UK | Baa! | Full Episode Compilation - YouTube
Percy is excited about the best dressed station competition on the island. A stray ram saves Maithwaite station's chances of winning and gets a very tasty tr...
Thomas & Friends | Number One Engine | Kids Cartoon - YouTube
Subscribe to Thomas & Friends on YouTube: http://bit.ly/SubscribeToTFAbout Thomas & Friends:Based on a series of children's books, "Thomas & Friends" feature...
Thomas & Friends UK | Best Friends | Full Episode Compilations
Subscribe for new fun, songs, and games at the Official Thomas & Friends UK YouTube Channel: http://bit.ly/ThomasAndFriendsUKWatch more Thomas & Friends!🔵...
Thomas the Rescue Engine | Cartoon Compilation - YouTube
About Thomas & Friends: Based on a series of children's books, "Thomas & Friends" features Thomas the Tank Engine adventures with other locomotives on the island of Sodor. Thomas …
Thomas & Friends The Adventure Begins US - Full Movie - YouTube
© 2015 Hit Entertainment Ltd. subsidiary of Mattel, Inc.Subscribe to Thomas & Friends on YouTube: http://bit.ly/SubscribeToTFAll aboard for Thomas' very fir...
Thomas & Friends™ Being Percy - YouTube
Victor Says Yes About Thomas & Friends: Based on a series of children's books, "Thomas & Friends" features Thomas the Tank Engine adventures with other locomotives on the island of …
Thomas Road Baptist Church - YouTube
http://trbc.org – Love God, Love People.Our mission is to change our world by developing Christ followers who Love God and Love People.
Thomas and Friends- Theme Song - YouTube
Parents, now your little engine can catch the Thomas & Friends special weekend marathon on CBeebies from Saturday, 16 Nov! 🚂🚂Let’s dance and sing along to ...
Thomas & Friends Put the batteries into the unique toys RiChannel
★Unique toys ~ https://youtu.be/DS6mHpy7MoE★Thomas ~ https://youtu.be/cfH1uOWuo2I★Magnetic Slime ~ https://youtu.be/XDQ-EHdXp7M★Percy …
YouTube
Explore and share videos, music, and more on YouTube, the leading platform for online video streaming and sharing.
Thomas & Friends UK | Baa! | Full Episode Compilation - YouTube
Percy is excited about the best dressed station competition on the island. A stray ram saves Maithwaite station's chances of winning and gets a very tasty tr...
Thomas & Friends | Number One Engine | Kids Cartoon - YouTube
Subscribe to Thomas & Friends on YouTube: http://bit.ly/SubscribeToTFAbout Thomas & Friends:Based on a series of children's books, "Thomas & Friends" feature...
Thomas & Friends UK | Best Friends | Full Episode Compilations
Subscribe for new fun, songs, and games at the Official Thomas & Friends UK YouTube Channel: http://bit.ly/ThomasAndFriendsUKWatch more Thomas & Friends!🔵...
Thomas the Rescue Engine | Cartoon Compilation - YouTube
About Thomas & Friends: Based on a series of children's books, "Thomas & Friends" features Thomas the Tank Engine adventures with other locomotives on the island of Sodor. Thomas …
Thomas & Friends The Adventure Begins US - Full Movie
© 2015 Hit Entertainment Ltd. subsidiary of Mattel, Inc.Subscribe to Thomas & Friends on YouTube: http://bit.ly/SubscribeToTFAll aboard for Thomas' very fir...
Thomas & Friends™ Being Percy - YouTube
Victor Says Yes About Thomas & Friends: Based on a series of children's books, "Thomas & Friends" features Thomas the Tank Engine adventures with other locomotives on the island of …
Thomas Road Baptist Church - YouTube
http://trbc.org – Love God, Love People.Our mission is to change our world by developing Christ followers who Love God and Love People.
Thomas and Friends- Theme Song - YouTube
Parents, now your little engine can catch the Thomas & Friends special weekend marathon on CBeebies from Saturday, 16 Nov! 🚂🚂Let’s dance and sing along to ...
Thomas & Friends Put the batteries into the unique toys RiChannel
★Unique toys ~ https://youtu.be/DS6mHpy7MoE★Thomas ~ https://youtu.be/cfH1uOWuo2I★Magnetic Slime ~ https://youtu.be/XDQ-EHdXp7M★Percy …
