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| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy Étienne Gilson, 1985 |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy Etienne Gilson, 1993-01-01 |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy Etienne Gilson, 2025-02-15 In this book (a translation of his well-known work L'esprit de la philosophie medievale), Etienne Gilson undertakes the task of defining the spirit of mediaeval philosophy. Gilson asks whether we can form the concept of a Christian philosophy and whether mediaeval philosophy is not its most adequate historical expression. He maintains that the spirit of mediaeval philosophy is the spirit of Christianity penetrating the Greek tradition, working within it, and drawing out of it a certain view of the world that is specifically Christian. To support his hypothesis, Gilson examines mediaeval thought in its nascent state, at that precise point where the Judeo-Christian graft was inserted into the Hellenic tradition. Gilson's demonstration is primarily historical and occasionally theoretical in suggesting how doctrines that satisfied our predecessors for so many centuries may still be found conceivable today. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: God and Philosophy Etienne Gilson, 2002-01-01 In this classic work, the eminent Catholic philosopher Étienne Gilson deals with one of the most important and perplexing metaphysical problems: the relation between our notion of God and demonstrations of his existence. Gilson examines Greek, Christian, and modern philosophy as well as the thinking that has grown out of our age of science in this fundamental analysis of the problem of God. [I] commend to another generation of seekers and students this deeply earnest and yet wistfully gentle little essay on the most important (and often, at least nowadays, the most neglected) of all metaphysical--and existential--questions. . . . The historical sweep is breathtaking, the one-liners arresting, and the style, both intellectual and literary, altogether engaging. --Jaroslav Pelikan, from the foreword We have come to expect from the pen of M. Gilson not only an accurate exposition of the thought of the great philosophers, ancient and modern, but what is of much more importance and of greater interest, a keen and sympathetic insight into the reasons for that thought. The present volume does not fail to fulfill our expectations. It should be read by every Christian thinker. --Ralph O. Dates, America |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Spirit of Mediæval Philosophy Etienne Gilson, 1940 |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Augustine John M. Rist, 1994 A detailed and accurate account of the character and effects of Augustine's thought. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Christian Philosophy of Saint Augustine Etienne Gilson, 1960 English equivalent of Introduction a l'etude de saint Augustin, 2 ed., Paris, Vrin 1943. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: An Introduction to Medieval Philosophy Joseph W. Koterski, 2008-11-17 By exploring the philosophical character of some of the greatest medieval thinkers, An Introduction to Medieval Philosophy provides a rich overview of philosophy in the world of Latin Christianity. Explores the deeply philosophical character of such medieval thinkers as Augustine, Boethius, Eriugena, Anselm, Aquinas, Bonaventure, Scotus, and Ockham Reviews the central features of the epistemological and metaphysical problem of universals Shows how medieval authors adapted philosophical ideas from antiquity to apply to their religious commitments Takes a broad philosophical approach of the medieval era by,taking account of classical metaphysics, general culture, and religious themes |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Metamorphoses of the City of God Etienne Gilson, Remi Brague, 2020-10-16 Étienne Gilson (1884-1978) was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy, as well as a scholar of medieval philosophy. In 1946 he attained the distinction of being elected an Immortal (member) of the Académie française. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1959 and 1964. The appearance of Gilson's Metamorphosis of the City of God, which were originally delivered as lectures at the University of Louvain, Belgium, in the Spring of 1952, coincided with the first steps toward what would become the European Union. The appearance of this English translation coincides with the upheaval of Brexit. Gilson traces the various attempts of thinkers through the centuries to describe Europe's soul and delimit its parts. The Scots, Catalonians, Flemings, and probably others may nod in agreement in Gilson's observation on how odd would be a Europe composed of the political entities that existed two and a half centuries ago. Those who think the European Union has lost its soul may not be comforted by the difficulty thinkers have had over the centuries in defining that soul. Indeed the difficulties that have thus far prevented integrating Turkey into the EU confirm Gilson's description of the conundrum involved even in distinguishing Europe's material components. And yet, the endeavor has succeeded, so that the problem of shared ideals remain inescapable. One wonders which of the thinkers in the succession studied by Gilson might grasp assent and illuminate the EU's path. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Dante and Philosophy Etienne Gilson, 2011-03-23 The object of this work is to define Dante's attitude or, if need be, his successive attitudes towards philosophy. It is therefore a question of ascertaining the character, function and place which Dante assigned to this branch of learning among the activities of man. My purpose has not been to single out, classify and list Dante's numerous philosophical ideas, still less to look for their sources or to decide what doctrinal influences determined the evolution of his thought. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Philosophy John Marenbon, 2012-06-14 This handbook shows the links between the philosophy written in the Middle Ages and that being done today. Essays explore areas in logic and philosophy of language, metaphysics, epistemology, moral psychology ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy and philosophy of religion. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: A Thomistic Tapestry , 2021-12-28 This book, written by well-known students of Étienne Gilson and especially dedicated to Armand A. Maurer, helps inaugurate a long-overdue special series in philosophy honoring Gilson’s legendary scholarship. It presents wide-ranging expositions of Thomist realism in the tradition of Gilsonian humanism covering themes related to philosophy in general, historical method, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and politics. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages Etienne Gilson, 2020-09-21 Etienne Gilson Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages, first delivered as the Richard Lectures in 1937, was published in 1938 and became an immediate success. Not only does it contribute to a major question of debate in Christian, Jewish, and Islamic philosophy and religion in the medieval period but it also insists on the validity of truth obtainable through reason as well as revelation, on rational argument alongside religious faith. This message is as important in the twenty-first century as it was in the fourth century of the young Augustine, the thirteenth of St Thomas Aquinas, and the twentieth of the mature Gilson.-- |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy...by Etienne Gilson; Translated by A. H. Downes Étienne Gilson, 1936 |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Option for the Poor in Christian Theology Daniel G. Groody, 2007-04-01 Since the publication of Gustavo Gutiérrez's 1973 groundbreaking work, A Theology of Liberation, much has been written on liberation theology and its central premise of the preferential option for the poor. Arguably, this has been one of the most important yet controversial theological themes of the twentieth century. As globalization creates greater gaps between the rich and the poor, and as the situation for many of the world’s poor worsens, there is an ever greater need to understand the gift and challenge of Christian faith from the context of the poor and marginalized of our society. This volume draws on the thought of leading international scholars and explores how the Christian tradition can help us understand the theological foundations for the option for the poor. The central focus of the book revolves around the question, How can one live a Christian life in a world of destitution? The contributors are concerned not only with a social, economic, or political understanding of poverty but above all with the option for the poor as a theological concept. While these essays are rooted in a solid grounding of our present “reality,” they look to the past to understand some of the central truths of Christian faith and to the future as a source of Christian hope. Following Gustavo Gutiérrez's essay on the multidimensionality of poverty, Elsa Tamez, Hugh Page, Jr., Brian Daley, and Jon Sobrino identify a central theological premise: poverty is contrary to the will of God. Drawing on scripture, the writings of the early fathers, the witness of Christian martyrs, and contemporary theological reflection, they argue that poverty represents the greatest challenge to Christian faith and discipleship. David Tracy and J. Matthew Ashley carry their reflection forward by examining the option for the poor in light of apocalyptic thought. Virgilio Elizondo, Patrick Kalilombe, María Pilar Aquino, M. Shawn Copeland, and Mary Catherine Hilkert examine the challenges of poverty with respect to culture, Africa, race, and gender. Casiano Floristán and Luis Maldonado explore the relationship between poverty, sacramentality, and popular religiosity. The final two essays by Aloysius Pieris and Michael Signer consider the option for the poor in relationship to other major world religions, particularly an Asian theology of religions and the meaning of care for the poor within Judaism. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Madness and Civilization Michel Foucault, 2013-01-30 Michel Foucault examines the archeology of madness in the West from 1500 to 1800 - from the late Middle Ages, when insanity was still considered part of everyday life and fools and lunatics walked the streets freely, to the time when such people began to be considered a threat, asylums were first built, and walls were erected between the insane and the rest of humanity. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Medieval Psychology Simon Kemp, 1990-06-26 This book describes the psychological ideas current in medieval Europe and their development during the period. The book aims partly to correct misperceptions about the nature of psychology in the Middle Ages. An important theme presented in this work is the surprising unity and coherence of medieval psychology. Chapter 1 gives a brief historical background to the Middle Ages, and outlines two major influences on medieval psychology: Christian beliefs and the earlier views of classical philosophers and physicians. Chapter 2 outlines medieval views on the nature of the soul and spirit, particularly those views derived from Aristotle. Chapter 3 deals with medieval theories of perception, particularly visual perception, while chapter 4 covers cognition and memory, particularly the medieval doctrine of the inner senses, according to which many cognitive functions were performed in the ventricles of the brain. Chapter 5 considers and evaluates Thomas Aquinas' account of emotion and will. Chapters 2 through 5 consider psychological phenomena mainly discussed by medieval scholastics; the phenomena in chapter 6 to 9, however, were often discussed by people with a less philosophical approach. Chapter 6 considers medieval accounts of individual differences, in particular the doctrine of the humors and the influence of astrology. Chapters 7 and 8 are concerned with widely different aspects of, and approaches to, mental disorder in the Middle Ages. Chapter 9 briefly describes a few further aspects of medieval psychology, and in the final chapter some conclusions are drawn. This book is written for people with a general interest in medieval studies, and will also appeal to historians of medieval psychology or medicine. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Truth Kurt Pritzl, 2010 *Fresh interpretations of the greatest philosophers on the nature of truth and speculative essays on truth in law, the arts, and science* |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy ... by Étienne Gilson ; Translated by A.H.C. Downes Étienne Gilson, 1936 |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Sanctifying Signs David Aers, 2004 Sanctifying Signs presents a critical study of Christian literature, theology, and culture in late medieval England. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Divine Action and Emergence Mariusz Tabaczek, 2021-05-15 Divine Action and Emergence puts the classical Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition in conversation with current philosophy and theology. As a middle path between classical theism and pantheism, the panentheistic turn in the twentieth century has been described as a “quiet revolution.” Today, in fact, many theologians hold that the world is “in” God (who, at the same time, is more than the world). Panentheism has been especially influential in the dialogue between theology and the natural sciences. Many have seen panentheism as compatible with emergentism, and thus have brought the two together in developing models of divine action that do not abrogate the regularities of processes of the natural world. In Divine Action and Emergence, Mariusz Tabaczek argues that, as inspiring and intriguing as emergentist panentheism is, it requires deeper examination. He begins by looking at the wonder of emergence (which calls into question the overly reductionist attitude in natural science) and by reflecting philosophically on emergence theory in light of classical and new Aristotelianism. Moving in a theological direction, Tabaczek then offers a critical evaluation of emergentist panentheism and a constructive proposal for how to reinterpret the idea of divine action as inspired by the theory of emergence with reference to the classical Aristotelian-Thomistic understanding of God’s action in the universe. Through a unique interdisciplinary approach that puts theology and the natural sciences into a dialogue through philosophy, Divine Action and Emergence offers a comprehensive evaluation of panentheism. It then puts forward an original reinterpretation of emergence theory, thus setting forth a constructive proposal for reinterpreting the concept of divine action that is currently espoused by emergence theory. It will appeal to scholars of theology and philosophy, those who work in the area of theology and science, those interested in emergence theory or panentheism, and finally those who are interested in the dialogue between the classical Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition and contemporary philosophy and theology. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: God, Mystery, and Mystification Denys Turner, 2019-10-31 In God, Mystery, and Mystification, Denys Turner presents eight essays covering the major issues of philosophical and practical theology that he has focused on over the fifty years of his academic career. While a somewhat heterogeneous collection, the chapters are loosely linked by a focus on the mystery of God and on distinguishing that mystery from merely idolatrous mystifications. The book covers three main fields: theological epistemology, medieval and early modern mystical theologies, and the relation of Christian belief to natural science and politics. Turner develops the implications of a moderate realist account of theological knowledge as distinct from a fashionable, postmodernist epistemology. This modern realist epistemology is embodied in connections between theoretical, speculative theologies and the practice of the Christian faith in a number of different ways, but mainly as bearing upon the practical, lived connections between faith and reason, between reason and the mystical, between faith and science, and among faith, prayer, and politics. Scholars and advanced students of theology, religious studies, the history of ideas, and medieval thought will be interested in this book. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The A to Z of Medieval Philosophy and Theology Stephen F. Brown, Juan Carlos Flores, 2010 The Middle Ages is often viewed as a period of low intellectual achievement. The name itself refers to the time between the high philosophical and literary accomplishments of the Greco-Roman world and the technological advances that were achieved and philosophical and theological alternatives that were formulated in the modern world that followed. However, having produced such great philosophers as Anselm, Peter Abelard, John Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Peter Lombard, and the towering Thomas Aquinas, it hardly seems fair to label the medieval period as such. Examining the influence of ancient Greek philosophy as well as of the Arabian and Hebrew scholars who transmitted it, The A to Z of Medieval Philosophy and Theology presents the philosophy of the Christian West from the 9th to the early 17th century. This is accomplished through a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on the philosophers, concepts, issues, institutions, and events, making this an important reference for the study of the progression of human thought. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Unity of Philosophical Experience Etienne Gilson, 1999 Lectures ... given at Harvard University in the first half of the academic year 1936-37--Foreword. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Christian Philosophy A-Z Daniel Hill, 2006-07-21 A handy guide to the major figures and issues in Christian philosophy from Augustine to the present.This volume covers a broad historical sweep and takes into account those non-Christian philosophers that have had a great impact on the Christian tradition. However, it concentrates on the issues that perplex Christian philosophers as they seek to think through their faith in a philosophical way and their philosophical beliefs in the light of their faith. Examples of the topics discussed are the question of whether and how God knows the future, whether we actually know that God exists, and what Athens has to do with Jerusalem. The leaders of the recent revival of Christian analytic philosophy, especially Alvin Plantinga, Nicholas Wolterstorff, William Alston, and Robert Adams are also included. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Piers Plowman and the Poetics of Enigma Curtis A. Gruenler, 2017-04-30 In this book, Curtis Gruenler proposes that the concept of the enigmatic, latent in a wide range of medieval thinking about literature, can help us better understand in medieval terms much of the era’s most enduring literature, from the riddles of the Anglo-Saxon bishop Aldhelm to the great vernacular works of Dante, Chaucer, Julian of Norwich, and, above all, Langland’s Piers Plowman. Riddles, rhetoric, and theology—the three fields of meaning of aenigma in medieval Latin—map a way of thinking about reading and writing obscure literature that was widely shared across the Middle Ages. The poetics of enigma links inquiry about language by theologians with theologically ambitious literature. Each sense of enigma brings out an aspect of this poetics. The playfulness of riddling, both oral and literate, was joined to a Christian vision of literature by Aldhelm and the Old English riddles of the Exeter Book. Defined in rhetoric as an obscure allegory, enigma was condemned by classical authorities but resurrected under the influence of Augustine as an aid to contemplation. Its theological significance follows from a favorite biblical verse among medieval theologians, “We see now through a mirror in an enigma, then face to face” (1 Cor. 13:12). Along with other examples of the poetics of enigma, Piers Plowman can be seen as a culmination of centuries of reflection on the importance of obscure language for knowing and participating in endless mysteries of divinity and humanity and a bridge to the importance of the enigmatic in modern literature. This book will be especially useful for scholars and undergraduate students interested in medieval European literature, literary theory, and contemplative theology. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: History of Modern Philosophy from Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time Richard Falckenberg, 1895 |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Curing Mad Truths Rémi Brague, 2019-06-25 In his first book composed in English, Rémi Brague maintains that there is a fundamental problem with modernity: we no longer consider the created world and humanity as intrinsically valuable. Curing Mad Truths, based on a number of Brague's lectures to English-speaking audiences, explores the idea that humanity must return to the Middle Ages. Not the Middle Ages of purported backwardness and barbarism, but rather a Middle Ages that understood creation—including human beings—as the product of an intelligent and benevolent God. The positive developments that have come about due to the modern project, be they health, knowledge, freedom, or peace, are not grounded in a rational project because human existence itself is no longer the good that it once was. Brague turns to our intellectual forebears of the medieval world to present a reasoned argument as to why humanity and civilizations are goods worth promoting and preserving. Curing Mad Truths will be of interest to a learned audience of philosophers, historians, and medievalists. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Body and Spirit in the Middle Ages Gaia Gubbini, 2020-08-10 A crucial question throughout the Middle Ages, the relationship between body and spirit cannot be understood without an interdisciplinary approach – combining literature, philosophy and medicine. Gathering contributions by leading international scholars from these disciplines, the collected volume explores themes such as lovesickness, the five senses, the role of memory and passions, in order to shed new light on the complex nature of the medieval Self. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The One and the Many W. Norris Clarke S.J., 2015-11-30 When it is taught today, metaphysics is often presented as a fragmented view of philosophy that ignores the fundamental issues of its classical precedents. Eschewing these postmodern approaches, W. Norris Clarke finds an integrated vision of reality in the wisdom of Aquinas and here offers a contemporary version of systematic metaphysics in the Thomistic tradition. The One and the Many presents metaphysics as an integrated whole which draws on Aquinas' themes, structure, and insight without attempting to summarize his work. Although its primary inspiration is the philosophy of St. Thomas himself, it also takes into account significant contributions not only of later philosophers but also of those developments in modern science that have philosophical bearing, from the Big Bang to evolution. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Reconstruction in Philosophy John Dewey, 2008-10-01 Though best remembered today as a philosopher of early-childhood education through his influential 1899 work The School and Society and the essay The Child and the Curriculum, John Dewey also expended considerable thought on the progress of philosophy itself. In this striking book, first published just after the First World War in 1920, Dewey considers how, why, and when human affairs should prompt a new approach to concepts of morality and justice. How should the revelations of science in the 20th century, and its consequential technology, impact human thought? Is seeing knowledge as power philosophical supportable and desirable? Must we redefine what it means to be idealist? Where do politics and philosophy intersect? Deweys bracing explorations of these questions, and others, continue to enthrall thinking people and continue to be vitally relevantnearly a century after they were written. American educator and philosopher JOHN DEWEY (18591952) helped found the American Association of University Professors. He served as professor of philosophy at Columbia University from 1904 to 1930 and authored numerous books, including Experience and Nature (1925), Experience and Education (1938), and Freedom and Culture (1939). |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Thomism Etienne Gilson, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2002 |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Philosophy in the Middle Ages Arthur Hyman, James J. Walsh, 1973 |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Philosophy of St. Bonaventure Etienne Gilson, 1938 |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Ethics Thomas Williams, 2019 Offers historical and topical chapters on the whole range of medieval ethical thought in Christian, Jewish, and Islamic philosophy. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Balthasar in Light of Early Confucianism Joshua R. Brown, 2020-04-30 In this original study, Joshua Brown seeks to demonstrate the fruitfulness of Chinese philosophy for Christian theology by using Confucianism to reread, reassess, and ultimately expand the Christology of the twentieth-century Catholic theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar. Taking up the critically important Confucian idea of xiao (filial piety), Brown argues that this concept can be used to engage anew Balthasar’s treatment of the doctrine of Christ’s filial obedience, thus leading us to new Christological insights. To this end, Brown first offers in-depth studies of the early Confucian idea of xiao and of Balthasar’s Christology on their own terms and in their own contexts. He then proposes that Confucianism affirms certain aspects of Balthasar’s insights into Christ’s filial obedience. Brown also shows how the Confucian understanding of xiao provides reasons to criticize some of Balthasar’s controversial claims, such as his account of intra-Trinitarian obedience. Ultimately, by rereading Balthasar’s Christology through the lens of xiao, Balthasar in Light of Early Confucianism employs Confucian and Balthasarian resources to push the Christological conversation forward. Students and scholars of systematic theology, theologically educated readers interested in the encounter between Christianity and Chinese culture, and comparative theologians will all want to read this exceptional book. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Medieval Philosophy and the Transcendentals Jan Aertsen, 2021-12-06 Students of Thomas Aquinas have so far lacked a comprehensive study of his doctrine of the transcendentals. This volume fills this lacuna, showing the fundamental character of the notions of being, one, true and good for his thought. The book inquires into the beginnings of the doctrine in the thirteenth century and explains the relation of the transcendental way of thought to Aquinas's conception of metaphysics. It analyzes Being, One, True, Good and Beautiful individually and discusses their importance for the philosophical knowledge of God. Medieval Philosophy and the Transcendentals: The Case of Thomas Aquinas is intended as a contribution to the question What is philosophy in the Middle Ages?. It argues that the doctrine of the transcendentals is essential for understanding medieval philosophy. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: Historical Dictionary of Medieval Philosophy and Theology Stephen F. Brown, Juan Carlos Flores, 2018-08-10 This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Medieval Philosophy and Theology contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important persons, events, and concepts that shaped medieval philosophy and theology. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: The Book of Rules of Tyconius Pamela Bright, 2016-09-15 The Liber Regularum, written by Tyconius in the Fourth Century A.D., was the first system of biblical interpretation proposed by a Latin theologian. Augustine was very interested in this work and included an extraordinary summation of it in his De doctrina christiana. Although this treatment insured the preservation of the work and its lasting fame, Augustine's summary became better known than the original. Pamela Bright's The Book of Rules of Tyconius: Its Purpose and Inner Logic reintroduces this neglected classic of early church literature. Bright asserts that although Augustine was greatly influenced by the Liber Regularum, his philosophical differences caused him to misunderstand its meaning. Bright reexamines the meaning of “prophecy” and “rule” from Tyconius's perspective and reveals that the purpose of the book was not to provide a general guide to scriptural interpretation, but rather a way to interpret apocalyptic texts. She cites Tyconius's intense concern with evil in the church as the genesis of his interest in the apocalypse and subsequently the meaning of the scripture concerning it. Tyconius speaks of the “seven mystical rules” of scripture that with the grace of the Holy Spirit reveal the true meaning of prophecy. If an interpreter follows the “logic” of these rules, the nature of the church as composed by both good and evil membership is revealed. Bright argues that Tyconius was not illogical or incompetent in the work's composition as many critics have claimed but rather that he organized his material in a concentric pattern so that Rule Four, the center of the seven rules, is also the central development of his theory. Of interest to theologians, students of biblical interpretation and of Augustine, The Book of Rules of Tyconius focuses attention upon a work that had great influence on the understanding of the nature of the church, on interpreting scripture, and its meaning for the Church of its day. |
| the spirit of mediaeval philosophy: History of Western Philosophy Bertrand Russell, 2008-06-30 Hailed as “lucid and magisterial” by The Observer, this book is universally acclaimed as the outstanding one-volume work on the subject of Western philosophy. Considered to be one of the most important philosophical works of all time, the History of Western Philosophy is a dazzlingly unique exploration of the ideologies of significant philosophers throughout the ages—from Plato and Aristotle through to Spinoza, Kant and the twentieth century. Written by a man who changed the history of philosophy himself, this is an account that has never been rivaled since its first publication over sixty years ago. Since its first publication in 1945, Lord Russell’s A History of Western Philosophy is still unparalleled in its comprehensiveness, its clarity, its erudition, its grace, and its wit. In seventy-six chapters he traces philosophy from the rise of Greek civilization to the emergence of logical analysis in the twentieth century. Among the philosophers considered are: Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, the Atomists, Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, the Stoics, Plotinus, Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, Benedict, Gregory the Great, John the Scot, Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Occam, Machiavelli, Erasmus, More, Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, the Utilitarians, Marx, Bergson, James, Dewey, and lastly the philosophers with whom Lord Russell himself is most closely associated—Cantor, Frege, and Whitehead, coauthor with Russell of the monumental Principia Mathematica. |
Who or What Are Angels? | Bible Questions - JW.ORG
Angels are beings who have greater power and ability than humans. (2 Peter 2: 11) They exist in heaven, or the spirit realm, which is a level of existence higher than the physical universe. (1 …
The Fruitage of the Spirit—Love - JW.ORG
THE apostle Paul wrote under inspiration about nine qualities that result from the action of holy spirit. (Gal. 5:22, 23) He described these desirable qualities as forming a whole —“the fruitage of …
Spirit - JW.ORG
God’s spirit, then, not only brings revelation and understanding of God’s will but also energizes his servants to accomplish things in accord with that will. That spirit acts as a driving force that …
Reject the Selfish Spirit of Today’s World | Watchtower
Let us reject the selfish, egotistical spirit so prevalent in today’s world. Instead, may we continue to find joy in each blessing that Jehovah gives us through his undeserved kindness. Previous
Spirit - JW.ORG
What is the holy spirit? A comparison of Bible texts that refer to the holy spirit shows that it is spoken of as ‘filling’ people; they can be ‘baptized’ with it; and they can be “anointed” with it. …
Spirit - Definition and Meaning | Bible Dictionary - JW.ORG
The Hebrew and Greek words are used with reference to (1) wind, (2) the active life-force in earthly creatures, (3) the impelling force that issues from a person’s figurative heart and causes him to …
Spiritism | What the Bible Says - JW.ORG
Some claim that spirit mediums are able to disclose information that only the dead and their family or friends could possibly know. WHAT THE BIBLE SAYS. Chapter 28 of the book of 1 Samuel …
“Soul” and “Spirit” —What Do These Terms Really Mean? - JW.ORG
When the spirit, or life-force, leaves the body, the body dies and returns to where it came from —the earth. Comparably, the life-force returns to where it came from —God. ( Job 34:14, 15; …
Spirit of the World
Why is being tainted by the spirit of the world a matter of serious concern? 1 John 5:19: “The whole world is lying in the power of the wicked one.” (Satan has fostered a spirit that dominates the …
The Holy Spirit—God’s Active Force - JW.ORG
Bible prophecy was recorded when men of God were “borne along by holy spirit [Greek, from pneuʹma].” (2 Peter 1:20, 21) In this way the Bible was “inspired of God,” the Greek word for …
Who or What Are Angels? | Bible Questions - JW.ORG
Angels are beings who have greater power and ability than humans. (2 Peter 2: 11) They exist in heaven, or the spirit realm, which is a level of existence higher than the physical universe. (1 …
The Fruitage of the Spirit—Love - JW.ORG
THE apostle Paul wrote under inspiration about nine qualities that result from the action of holy spirit. (Gal. 5:22, 23) He described these desirable qualities as forming a whole —“the fruitage of …
Spirit - JW.ORG
God’s spirit, then, not only brings revelation and understanding of God’s will but also energizes his servants to accomplish things in accord with that will. That spirit acts as a driving force that …
Reject the Selfish Spirit of Today’s World | Watchtower
Let us reject the selfish, egotistical spirit so prevalent in today’s world. Instead, may we continue to find joy in each blessing that Jehovah gives us through his undeserved kindness. Previous
Spirit - JW.ORG
What is the holy spirit? A comparison of Bible texts that refer to the holy spirit shows that it is spoken of as ‘filling’ people; they can be ‘baptized’ with it; and they can be “anointed” with it. …
Spirit - Definition and Meaning | Bible Dictionary - JW.ORG
The Hebrew and Greek words are used with reference to (1) wind, (2) the active life-force in earthly creatures, (3) the impelling force that issues from a person’s figurative heart and causes him to …
Spiritism | What the Bible Says - JW.ORG
Some claim that spirit mediums are able to disclose information that only the dead and their family or friends could possibly know. WHAT THE BIBLE SAYS. Chapter 28 of the book of 1 Samuel …
“Soul” and “Spirit” —What Do These Terms Really Mean? - JW.ORG
When the spirit, or life-force, leaves the body, the body dies and returns to where it came from —the earth. Comparably, the life-force returns to where it came from —God. ( Job 34:14, 15; …
Spirit of the World
Why is being tainted by the spirit of the world a matter of serious concern? 1 John 5:19: “The whole world is lying in the power of the wicked one.” (Satan has fostered a spirit that dominates the …
The Holy Spirit—God’s Active Force - JW.ORG
Bible prophecy was recorded when men of God were “borne along by holy spirit [Greek, from pneuʹma].” (2 Peter 1:20, 21) In this way the Bible was “inspired of God,” the Greek word for …
