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| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex Philip D. Curtin, 1998-02-13 Over a period of several centuries, Europeans developed an intricate system of plantation agriculture overseas that was quite different from the agricultural system used at home. Though the plantation complex centered on the American tropics, its influence was much wider. Much more than an economic order for the Americas, the plantation complex had an important place in world history. These essays concentrate on the intercontinental impact. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex Philip D. Curtin, 1990-01-26 Over a period of several centuries, Europeans overseas developed an intricate system of plantation agriculture - a plantation complex - that was different from the agricultural institutions they normally used at home. This economic and political order, centered on slave plantations in the New-World tropics, reached a peak in the 18th century but its earliest origins can be traced back to the medieval Mediterranean. Its end came only with the abolition of slavery in Brazil and Cuba in the late 1880s, and many aspects lasted well into the 20th century. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Planters, Merchants, and Slaves Trevor Burnard, 2015-10-27 As with any enterprise involving violence and lots of money, running a plantation in early British America was a serious and brutal enterprise. In the contentious Planters, Merchants, and Slaves, Burnard argues that white men did not choose to develop and maintain the plantation system out of virulent racism or sadism, but rather out of economic logic because—to speak bluntly—it worked. These economically successful and ethically monstrous plantations required racial divisions to exist, but their successes were measured in gold, rather than skin or blood. Sure to be controversial, this book is a major intervention in the scholarship on slavery, economic development, and political power in early British America, mounting a powerful and original argument that boldly challenges historical orthodoxy. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Plantation Kingdom Richard Follett, Sven Beckert, Peter Coclanis, Barbara M. Hahn, 2016-04 Written for scholars and students alike, Plantation Kingdom is an accessible and fascinating study. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas David Eltis, 2000 Why were the countries with the most developed institutions of individual freedom also the leaders in establishing the most exploitative system of slavery that the world has ever seen? In seeking to provide new answers to this question, The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas examines the development of the English Atlantic slave system between 1650 and 1800. The book outlines a major African role in the evolution of the Atlantic societies before the nineteenth century and argues that the transatlantic slave trade was a result of African strength rather than African weakness. It also addresses changing patterns of group identity to account for the racial basis of slavery in the early modern Atlantic World. Exploring the paradox of the concurrent development of slavery and freedom in the European domains, David Eltis provides a fresh interpretation of this difficult historical problem. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Fordlandia Greg Grandin, 2010-04-27 From Pulitzer Prize-winning author Greg Grandin comes the stunning, never before told story of the quixotic attempt to recreate small-town America in the heart of the Amazon In 1927, Henry Ford, the richest man in the world, bought a tract of land twice the size of Delaware in the Brazilian Amazon. His intention was to grow rubber, but the project rapidly evolved into a more ambitious bid to export America itself, along with its golf courses, ice-cream shops, bandstands, indoor plumbing, and Model Ts rolling down broad streets. Fordlandia, as the settlement was called, quickly became the site of an epic clash. On one side was the car magnate, lean, austere, the man who reduced industrial production to its simplest motions; on the other, the Amazon, lush, extravagant, the most complex ecological system on the planet. Ford's early success in imposing time clocks and square dances on the jungle soon collapsed, as indigenous workers, rejecting his midwestern Puritanism, turned the place into a ribald tropical boomtown. Fordlandia's eventual demise as a rubber plantation foreshadowed the practices that today are laying waste to the rain forest. More than a parable of one man's arrogant attempt to force his will on the natural world, Fordlandia depicts a desperate quest to salvage the bygone America that the Ford factory system did much to dispatch. As Greg Grandin shows in this gripping and mordantly observed history, Ford's great delusion was not that the Amazon could be tamed but that the forces of capitalism, once released, might yet be contained. Fordlandia is a 2009 National Book Award Finalist for Nonfiction. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Charting the Plantation Landscape from Natchez to New Orleans Laura Kilcer VanHuss, 2021-05-05 Charting the Plantation Landscape from Natchez to New Orleans examines the hidden histories behind one of the nineteenth-century South’s most famous maps: Norman’s Chart of the Lower Mississippi River, created by surveyor Marie Adrien Persac before the Civil War and used for decades to guide the pilots of river vessels. Beyond its purely cartographic function, Persac’s map depicted a world of accomplishment and prosperity, while concealing the enslaved and exploited laborers whose work powered the plantations Persac drew. In this collection, contributors from a variety of disciplines consider the histories that Persac’s map omitted, exploring plantations not as sites of ease and plenty, but as complex legal, political, and medical landscapes. Essays by Laura Ewen Blokker and Suzanne Turner consider the built and designed landscapes of plantations as they were structured by the logics and logistics of both slavery and the effort to present a façade of serenity and wealth. William Horne and Charles D. Chamberlain III delve into the political activity of formerly enslaved people and slaveholders respectively, while Christopher Willoughby explores the ways the plantation health system was defined by the agro-industrial environment. Jochen Wierich examines artistic depictions of plantations from the antebellum years through the twentieth century, and Christopher Morris uses the famed Uncle Sam Plantation to explain how plantations have been memorialized, remembered, and preserved. With keen insight into the human cost of the idealized version of the agrarian South depicted in Persac’s map, Charting the Plantation Landscape encourages us to see with new eyes and form new definitions of what constitutes the plantation landscape. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Cultivating Race Watson W. Jennison, 2015-04-07 From the eighteenth century to the eve of the Civil War, Georgia's racial order shifted from the somewhat fluid conception of race prevalent in the colonial era to the harsher understanding of racial difference prevalent in the antebellum era. In Cultivating Race: The Expansion of Slavery in Georgia, 1750--1860, Watson W. Jennison explores the centrality of race in the development of Georgia, arguing that long-term structural and demographic changes account for this transformation. Jennison traces the rise of rice cultivation and the plantation complex in low country Georgia in the mid-eighteenth century and charts the spread of slavery into the up country in the decades that followed. Cultivating Race examines the cultivation of race on two levels: race as a concept and reality that was created, and race as a distinct social order that emerged because of the specifics of crop cultivation. Using a variety of primary documents including newspapers, diaries, correspondence, and plantation records, Jennison offers an in-depth examination of the evolution of racism and racial ideology in the lower South. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Lost Plantation Marc R. Matrana, 2006-01-01 Along the fertile banks of the Mississippi River across from New Orleans, planter Camille Zeringue transformed a mediocre colonial plantation into a thriving gem of antebellum sugar production, complete with a columned mansion known as Seven Oaks. Under the moss-strewn oaks, the privileged master nurtured his own family, but enslaved many others. Excelling at agriculture, business, an ambitious canal enterprise, and local politics, Zeringue ascended to the very pinnacle of southern society. But his empire soon came crashing down. After the ravages of the Civil War and a nasty battle with a railroad company the family eventually lost the great estate. Seven Oaks ultimately ended up in the hands of distant railroad executives whose only desire was to rid themselves of this heap of history. Lost Plantation: The Rise and Fall of Seven Oaks tells both of Zeringue's climb to the top and of his legacy's eventual ruin. Preservationists and community members abhorred the railroad's indifferent attitude, and the question of the plantation mansion's fate fueled years of fiery, political battles. These hard-fought confrontations ended in 1977 when the exasperated railroad executives sent bulldozers through the decaying house. By analyzing one failed effort, Lost Plantation provides insight into the complex workings of American historical preservation efforts as a whole, while illustrating how southerners deal with their multifaceted past. The rise and fall of Seven Oaks is much more than just a local tragedy-it is a glaring example of how any community can be robbed of its history. Now, as parishes around New Orleans recognize the great aesthetic and monetary value of restoring plantation homes and attracting tourism, Jefferson Parish mourns a manor lost. Marc R. Matrana, Westwego, Louisiana, is a local historian and preservationist. See the author's site. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Lost Plantations of the South Marc R. Matrana, 2014-07-18 The great majority of the South's plantation homes have been destroyed over time, and many have long been forgotten. In Lost Plantations of the South, Marc R. Matrana weaves together photographs, diaries and letters, architectural renderings, and other rare documents to tell the story of sixty of these vanquished estates and the people who once called them home. From plantations that were destroyed by natural disaster such as Alabama's Forks of Cypress, to those that were intentionally demolished such as Seven Oaks in Louisiana and Mount Brilliant in Kentucky, Matrana resurrects these lost mansions. Including plantations throughout the South as well as border states, Matrana carefully tracks the histories of each from the earliest days of construction to the often-contentious struggles to preserve these irreplaceable historic treasures. Lost Plantations of the South explores the root causes of demise and provides understanding and insight on how lessons learned in these sad losses can help prevent future preservation crises. Capturing the voices of masters and mistresses alongside those of slaves, and featuring more than one hundred elegant archival illustrations, this book explores the powerful and complex histories of these cardinal homes across the South. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, 1570-1640 David Wheat, 2016-03-09 This work resituates the Spanish Caribbean as an extension of the Luso-African Atlantic world from the late sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth century, when the union of the Spanish and Portuguese crowns facilitated a surge in the transatlantic slave trade. After the catastrophic decline of Amerindian populations on the islands, two major African provenance zones, first Upper Guinea and then Angola, contributed forced migrant populations with distinct experiences to the Caribbean. They played a dynamic role in the social formation of early Spanish colonial society in the fortified port cities of Cartagena de Indias, Havana, Santo Domingo, and Panama City and their semirural hinterlands. David Wheat is the first scholar to establish this early phase of the “Africanization” of the Spanish Caribbean two centuries before the rise of large-scale sugar plantations. With African migrants and their descendants comprising demographic majorities in core areas of Spanish settlement, Luso-Africans, Afro-Iberians, Latinized Africans, and free people of color acted more as colonists or settlers than as plantation slaves. These ethnically mixed and economically diversified societies constituted a region of overlapping Iberian and African worlds, while they made possible Spain’s colonization of the Caribbean. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: The Atlantic World Thomas Benjamin, 2009-02-16 From 1400 to 1900 the Atlantic Ocean served as a major highway, allowing people and goods to move easily between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. These interactions and exchanges transformed European, African, and American societies and led to the creation of new peoples, cultures, economies, and ideas throughout the Atlantic arena. The Atlantic World provides a comprehensive and lucid history of one of the most important and impactful cross-cultural encounters in human history. Empires, economies, and trade in the Atlantic world thrived due to the European drive to expand as well as the creative ways in which the peoples living along the Atlantic's borders adapted to that drive. This comprehensive, cohesively written textbook offers a balanced view of the activity in the Atlantic world. The 40 maps, 60 illustrations, and multiple excerpts from primary documents bring the history to life. Each chapter offers a reading list for those interested in a more in-depth look at the period. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Sweet Negotiations Russell R. Menard, 2006 Russell Menard argues that the emergence of black slavery in Barbados preceded the rise of sugar. He shows that Barbados was well on its way to becoming a plantation colony and a slave society before sugar emerged as the dominant crop. He sheds light on the origins of the integrated plantation, gang labour, and slave economy. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Within the Plantation Household Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, 2000-11-09 Documenting the difficult class relations between women slaveholders and slave women, this study shows how class and race as well as gender shaped women's experiences and determined their identities. Drawing upon massive research in diaries, letters, memoirs, and oral histories, the author argues that the lives of antebellum southern women, enslaved and free, differed fundamentally from those of northern women and that it is not possible to understand antebellum southern women by applying models derived from New England sources. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Slavery and the Rise of the Atlantic System Barbara L. Solow, 1991 Placing slavery in the mainstream of modern history, the essays in this survey describe its transfer from the Old World, its role in forging the interdependence of the Atlantic economies, and its impact on Africa. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: The Manor: Three Centuries at a Slave Plantation on Long Island Mac Griswold, 2013-07-02 Mac Griswold's The Manor is the biography of a uniquely American place that has endured through wars great and small, through fortunes won and lost, through histories bright and sinister—and of the family that has lived there since its founding as a Colonial New England slave plantation three and a half centuries ago. In 1984, the landscape historian Mac Griswold was rowing along a Long Island creek when she came upon a stately yellow house and a garden guarded by looming boxwoods. She instantly knew that boxwoods that large—twelve feet tall, fifteen feet wide—had to be hundreds of years old. So, as it happened, was the house: Sylvester Manor had been held in the same family for eleven generations. Formerly encompassing all of Shelter Island, New York, a pearl of 8,000 acres caught between the North and South Forks of Long Island, the manor had dwindled to 243 acres. Still, its hidden vault proved to be full of revelations and treasures, including the 1666 charter for the land, and correspondence from Thomas Jefferson. Most notable was the short and steep flight of steps the family had called the slave staircase, which would provide clues to the extensive but little-known story of Northern slavery. Alongside a team of archaeologists, Griswold began a dig that would uncover a landscape bursting with stories. Based on years of archival and field research, as well as voyages to Africa, the West Indies, and Europe, The Manor is at once an investigation into forgotten lives and a sweeping drama that captures our history in all its richness and suffering. It is a monumental achievement. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Oil Palm Jonathan E. Robins, 2021-05-21 Oil palms are ubiquitous—grown in nearly every tropical country, they supply the world with more edible fat than any other plant and play a role in scores of packaged products, from lipstick and soap to margarine and cookies. And as Jonathan E. Robins shows, sweeping social transformations carried the plant around the planet. First brought to the global stage in the holds of slave ships, palm oil became a quintessential commodity in the Industrial Revolution. Imperialists hungry for cheap fat subjugated Africa’s oil palm landscapes and the people who worked them. In the twentieth century, the World Bank promulgated oil palm agriculture as a panacea to rural development in Southeast Asia and across the tropics. As plantation companies tore into rainforests, evicting farmers in the name of progress, the oil palm continued its rise to dominance, sparking new controversies over trade, land and labor rights, human health, and the environment. By telling the story of the oil palm across multiple centuries and continents, Robins demonstrates how the fruits of an African palm tree became a key commodity in the story of global capitalism, beginning in the eras of slavery and imperialism, persisting through decolonization, and stretching to the present day. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Cuban Émigrés and Independence in the Nineteenth-Century Gulf World Dalia Antonia Muller, 2017-03-22 During the violent years of war marking Cuba’s final push for independence from Spain, over 3,000 Cuban émigrés, men and women, rich and poor, fled to Mexico. But more than a safe haven, Mexico was a key site, Dalia Antonia Muller argues, from which the expatriates helped launch a mobile and politically active Cuban diaspora around the Gulf of Mexico. Offering a new transnational vantage on Cuba’s struggle for nationhood, Muller traces the stories of three hundred of these Cuban émigrés and explores the impact of their lives of exile, service to the revolution and independence, and circum-Caribbean solidarities. While not large in number, the émigrés excelled at community building, and their effectiveness in disseminating their political views across borders intensified their influence and inspired strong nationalistic sentiments across Latin America. Revealing that émigrés’ efforts were key to a Cuban Revolutionary Party program for courting Mexican popular and diplomatic support, Muller shows how the relationship also benefited Mexican causes. Cuban revolutionary aspirations resonated with Mexican students, journalists, and others alarmed by the violation of constitutional rights and the increasing conservatism of the Porfirio Díaz regime. Finally, Muller follows émigrés’ return to Cuba after the Spanish-American War, their lives in the new republic ineluctably shaped by their sojourn in Mexico. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: The Caribbean Stephan Palmié, Francisco A. Scarano, 2013-01-29 An “illuminating” survey of Caribbean history from pre-Columbian times to the twenty-first century (Los Angeles Times). Combining fertile soils, vital trade routes, and a coveted strategic location, the islands and surrounding continental lowlands of the Caribbean were one of Europe’s earliest and most desirable colonial frontiers. The region was colonized over the course of five centuries by a revolving cast of Spanish, Dutch, French, and English forces, who imported first African slaves and later Asian indentured laborers to help realize the economic promise of sugar, coffee, and tobacco. The Caribbean: A History of the Region and Its Peoples offers an authoritative one-volume survey of this complex and fascinating region. This groundbreaking work traces the Caribbean from its pre-Columbian state through European contact and colonialism to the rise of U.S. hegemony and the economic turbulence of the twenty-first century. The volume begins with a discussion of the region’s diverse geography and challenging ecology and features an in-depth look at the transatlantic slave trade, including slave culture, resistance, and ultimately emancipation. Later sections treat Caribbean nationalist movements for independence and struggles with dictatorship and socialism, along with intractable problems of poverty, economic stagnation, and migrancy. Written by a distinguished group of contributors, The Caribbean is an accessible yet thorough introduction to the region’s tumultuous heritage which offers enough nuance to interest scholars across disciplines. In its breadth of coverage and depth of detail, it will be the definitive guide to the region for years to come. Praise for The Caribbean “The editors of this volume have successfully assembled a survey of historical and contemporary issues which serves as an excellent introductory text for newcomers to the region, as well as a resource for more experienced researchers searching for a concise reference to any historical period.” —Journal of Caribbean History “This collection provides an engaging introduction to the history of a region defined by centuries of colonial domination and popular struggle. In these essays readers will recognize the Caribbean as a garden of social catastrophe and a grim incubator of modern global capitalism, as well as of people’s continuous attempts to resist, endure, or adapt to it. Scholars and students will find it to be a very useful handbook for current thinking on a vital topic.” —Vincent Brown, professor of history and of African and African American studies, Duke University |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: The Old Plantation James Battle Avirett, 1901 |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Slave Counterpoint Philip D. Morgan, 2012-12-01 On the eve of the American Revolution, nearly three-quarters of all African Americans in mainland British America lived in two regions: the Chesapeake, centered in Virginia, and the Lowcountry, with its hub in South Carolina. Here, Philip Morgan compares and contrasts African American life in these two regional black cultures, exploring the differences as well as the similarities. The result is a detailed and comprehensive view of slave life in the colonial American South. Morgan explores the role of land and labor in shaping culture, the everyday contacts of masters and slaves that defined the possibilities and limitations of cultural exchange, and finally the interior lives of blacks--their social relations, their family and kin ties, and the major symbolic dimensions of life: language, play, and religion. He provides a balanced appreciation for the oppressiveness of bondage and for the ability of slaves to shape their lives, showing that, whatever the constraints, slaves contributed to the making of their history. Victims of a brutal, dehumanizing system, slaves nevertheless strove to create order in their lives, to preserve their humanity, to achieve dignity, and to sustain dreams of a better future. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Sustainability Jeremy L. Caradonna, 2022 From one of the world's leading experts on the subject, a fully updated introduction to the sustainability movement from the 1600s to todayThe word is nearly ubiquitous: at the grocery store we shop for sustainable foods that were produced from sustainable agriculture; groups ranging from small advocacy organizations to city and state governments to the United Nations tout sustainable development as a strategy for local and global stability; and woe betide the city-dweller who doesn't aim for a sustainable lifestyle. Seeming to have come out of nowhere to dominate the discussion-from permaculture to renewable energy to the local food movement-the ideas that underlie and define sustainability can be traced back several centuries.In this illuminating and fascinating primer, newly revised and updated, Jeremy L. Caradonna does just that, approaching sustainability from a historical perspective and revealing the conditions that gave it shape. Locating the underpinnings of the movement as far back as the 1660s, Caradonna considers the origins of sustainability across many fields throughout Europe and North America. Taking us from the emergence of thoughts guiding sustainable yield forestry in the late 17th and 18th centuries, through the challenges of the Industrial Revolution, the birth of the environmental movement, and the emergence of a concrete effort to promote a balanced approach to development in the latter half of the 20th century, he shows that while sustainability draws upon ideas of social justice, ecological economics, and environmental conservation, it is more than the sum of its parts and blends these ideas together into a dynamic philosophy. Caradonna's book broadens our understanding of what sustainability means, revealing how it progressed from a relatively marginal concept to an ideal that shapes everything from individual lifestyles, government and corporate strategies, and even national and international policy. For anyone seeking understand the history of those striving to make the world a better place to live, here's a place to start. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: River of Dark Dreams Walter Johnson, 2013-02-26 River of Dark Dreams places the Cotton Kingdom at the center of worldwide webs of exchange and exploitation that extended across oceans and drove an insatiable hunger for new lands. This bold reaccounting dramatically alters our understanding of American slavery and its role in U.S. expansionism, global capitalism, and the upcoming Civil War. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660 Linda M. Heywood, John K. Thornton, 2007-09-03 This book shows that the first generation of Africans taken to English and Dutch colonies before 1660 were captured by pirates from these countries from slave ships coming from Kongo and Angola. This region had embraced Christianity and elements of Western culture, such as names and some material culture, the result of a long period of diplomatic, political, and military interaction with the Portuguese. This background gave them an important role in shaping the way slavery, racism, and African-American culture would develop in English and Dutch colonies throughout the Western Hemisphere. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Black Market Aaron Carico, 2020-04-28 On the eve of the Civil War, the estimated value of the U.S. enslaved population exceeded $3 billion — triple that of investments nationwide in factories, railroads, and banks combined, and worth more even than the South’s lucrative farmland. Not only an object to be traded and used, the slave was also a kind of currency, a form of value that anchored the market itself. And this value was not destroyed in the war. Slavery still structured social relations and cultural production in the United States more than a century after it was formally abolished. As Aaron Carico reveals in Black Market, slavery’s engine of capital accumulation was preserved and transformed, and the slave commodity survived emancipation. Through both archival research and lucid readings of literature, art, and law, from the plight of the Fourteenth Amendment to the myth of the cowboy, Carico breaks open the icons of liberalism to expose the shaping influence of slavery’s political economy in America after 1865. Ultimately, Black Market shows how a radically incomplete and fundamentally failed abolition enabled the emergence of a modern nation-state, in which slavery still determined — and now goes on to determine — economic, political, and cultural life. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: This Vast Southern Empire Matthew Karp, 2016-09-12 Most leaders of the U.S. expansion in the years before the Civil War were southern slaveholders. As Matthew Karp shows, they were nationalists, not separatists. When Lincoln’s election broke their grip on foreign policy, these elites formed their own Confederacy not merely to preserve their property but to shape the future of the Atlantic world. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Death by Migration Philip D. Curtin, 1989-11-24 This book is a quantitative study of relocation costs among European soldiers in the tropics from 1815 to 1914. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Empire's Crossroads Carrie Gibson, 2014-07-01 In October 1492, an Italian-born, Spanish-funded navigator discovered a new world, thousands of miles across the Atlantic Ocean. In Empire's Crossroads, Carrie Gibson, unfolds the story of the Caribbean from Columbus's first landing on the island he named San Salvador to today's islands - largely independent, but often still in thrall to Europe and America's insatiable desire for tropical luxuries. From the early years of settlement to the age of sugar and slavery, during which vast riches were generated for Europeans through the enforced labour of millions of enslaved Africans, to the great slave rebellions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the long, slow progress towards independence in the modern era, Gibson offers a vivid, panoramic view of this complex and contradictory region. From Cuba to Haiti, from Jamaica to Trinidad, the story of the Caribbean is not simply the story of slaves and masters - but of fortune-seekers, tourists, scientists and pirates. It is not only a story of imperial expansion - European and American - but also of life as it is lived in the islands, both in the past and today. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Colonialism in Global Perspective Kris Manjapra, 2020-05-07 A provocative, breath-taking, and concise relational history of colonialism over the past 500 years, from the dawn of the New World to the twenty-first century. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Toussaint Louverture Philippe Girard, 2016-11-22 The definitive biography of the Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture, leader of the only successful slave revolt in world history Toussaint Louverture's life was one of hardship, triumph, and contradiction. Born into bondage in Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti), the richest colony in the Western Hemisphere, he witnessed first-hand the torture of the enslaved population. Yet he managed to secure his freedom and establish himself as a small-scale planter. He even purchased slaves of his own. In Toussaint Louverture, Philippe Girard reveals the dramatic story of how Louverture transformed himself from lowly freedman to revolutionary hero. In 1791, the unassuming Louverture masterminded the only successful slave revolt in history. By 1801, he was general and governor of Saint-Domingue, and an international statesman who forged treaties with Britain, France, Spain, and the United States-empires that feared the effect his example would have on their slave regimes. Louveture's ascendency was short-lived, however. In 1802, he was exiled to France, dying soon after as one of the most famous men in the world, variously feared and celebrated as the Black Napoleon. As Girard shows, in life Louverture was not an idealist, but an ambitious pragmatist. He strove not only for abolition and independence, but to build Saint-Domingue's economic might and elevate his own social standing. He helped free Saint-Domingue's slaves yet immediately restricted their rights in the interests of protecting the island's sugar production. He warded off French invasions but embraced the cultural model of the French gentility. In death, Louverture quickly passed into legend, his memory inspiring abolitionist, black nationalist, and anti-colonialist movements well into the 20th century. Deeply researched and bracingly original, Toussaint Louverture is the definitive biography of one of the most influential people of his era, or any other. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: History of the Caribbean Frank Moya Pons, 2012-02 |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: The Big Rich Bryan Burrough, 2010-03-30 “Full of schadenfreude and speculation—and solid, timely history too.” —Kirkus Reviews “This is a portrait of capitalism as white-knuckle risk taking, yielding fruitful discoveries for the fathers, but only sterile speculation for the sons—a story that resonates with today's economic upheaval.” —Publishers Weekly “What's not to enjoy about a book full of monstrous egos, unimaginable sums of money, and the punishment of greed and shortsightedness?” —The Economist Phenomenal reviews and sales greeted the hardcover publication of The Big Rich, New York Times bestselling author Bryan Burrough's spellbinding chronicle of Texas oil. Weaving together the multigenerational sagas of the industry's four wealthiest families, Burrough brings to life the men known in their day as the Big Four: Roy Cullen, H. L. Hunt, Clint Murchison, and Sid Richardson, all swaggering Texas oil tycoons who owned sprawling ranches and mingled with presidents and Hollywood stars. Seamlessly charting their collective rise and fall, The Big Rich is a hugely entertaining account that only a writer with Burrough's abilities-and Texas upbringing-could have written. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Atlantic Lives Timothy Shannon, 2019-01-14 Atlantic Lives offers insight into the lived experiences of a range of actors in the early modern Atlantic World. Organized thematically, each chapter features primary source selections from a variety of non-traditional sources, including travel narratives from West Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. The fully revised and expanded second edition goes into even greater depth in exploring the diverse roles and experiences of women, Native Americans, and Africans, as well as the critical theme of emerging capitalism and New World slavery. New chapters also address captivity experiences, intercultural religious encounters, and interracial sexuality and marriage. With classroom-focused discussion questions and suggested additional readings accompanying each chapter, Atlantic Lives provides students with a wide-ranging introduction to the many voices and identities that comprised the Atlantic World. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Wild Majesty Peter Hulme, 1992 Wild Majesty presents an anthology of writings about the Amerindian inhabitants of the Caribbean, from such diverse sources as the first reports of Columbus, French missionary tracts, the diaries of English colonial administrators, and modern ethnographers, travel writers, and film makers. This written and visual material has been carefully selected to illustrate the development of non-Amerindian knowledge of and attitudes toward the society and culture of the so-called Island Caribs, who once dominated the whole of the Lesser Antilles and continue to act today as a potent symbol of resistance to, and independence from, the modern nation-state. The volume breaks new ground in the anthropological use of literary and historical sources, as well as providing new translations of better-known texts, and original translations of rare printed works and previously unpublished documents from the European archives. This fascinating collection is essential for students of history, cultural studies, and anthropology, and all general readers interested in Columbia, the Caribbean, or exploration. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Specters of the Atlantic Ian Baucom, 2005-12-16 DIVCultural and literary study of the 1781 massacre on the slaveship Zong for the insurance money and the aftereffects of the event on the development of modernity./div |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: $40 Million Slaves William C. Rhoden, 2006 A critical analysis of African Americans in sports argues that every advance by black athletes has been countered by a setback and that black youngsters who are brought into big-time programs are exploited by the media and team owners. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Becoming Palm Simryn Gill, Michael T. Taussig, 2017 Becoming Palm is the outcome of a conversation between two friends, artist Simryn Gill and anthropologist Michael Taussig, addressing the complexities of palm oil and the enormous transformations, human, and ecological, that this crop engenders (Taussig) in two disparate geographical locations, Southeast Asia and South America--Publisher's website. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: A Companion to Western Historical Thought Lloyd Kramer, Sarah Maza, 2006-06-23 This broad survey introduces readers to the major themes, figures, traditions and theories in Western historical thought, tracing its evolution from biblical times to the present. Surveys the evolution of historical thought in the Western World from biblical times to the present day. Provides students with the background to contemporary historical debates and approaches. Serves as a useful reference for researchers and teachers. Includes chapters by 24 leading historians. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: The Hanging of Thomas Jeremiah J. William Harris, 2009 Describes the trial and execution of Thomas Jeremiah, a freeman falsely accused by whites of supporting insurrection among slaves, and reflects upon the political and social implications of his trial in pre-Revolutionary America. |
| the rise and fall of the plantation complex: Bond of Iron Charles B. Dew, 1994 Chronicles the history of the workings of the iron foundry at Buffalo Forge, Virginia, and the hundreds of slaves that were used to make it run |
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rise的反义词是set还是fall？ - 知乎
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G？ - 知乎
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G。C盘已经飘红了。
《星球大战》系列的最佳观影顺序是什么？ - 知乎
11、《星球大战9：天行者崛起》（Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker）2019 二、但如果你是一个对电影观感要求较高，偏向于追求观影的感觉体验，喜欢更好的画面、更刺激的特效、更新奇 …
运放接成同相跟随器时，为何有些电路要在负反馈上增加一个电 …
这里，阶跃理解为rise time极其短，短到超过运放的slew rate。 同时，阶跃的变化电压大于0.7V（一个二极管导通压降） （3）就会发生，在某个很短瞬间，-端电压“ 没来得及 ”上升到 …
HDMI 规格详细整理！HDMI 2.0、2.1 差在哪? 选择哪个好？
Nov 13, 2022 · Sony BRAVIA KDL- 46X2500、KDL-40X2500是第一个上市的HDMI 1.3屏幕。（1080p支持新的xvYCC色彩标准, 36bits deep color） EPSON EMP-TW1000是第一个上市 …
弹性模量和杨氏模量有什么区别吗？ - 知乎
Jun 13, 2018 · 可能有些人看了还是不太懂，这里在说一下，除非明确定义，否则一般使用上，都默认杨氏模量就是弹性模量。
推荐个好用的ai文章润色? - 知乎
“The rapidly aging population has led to a dramatic rise in the prevalence of depression among the elderly” 中的 “has led to a dramatic rise” 可以改为 “has contributed to a significant …
任天堂 Switch 最值得购买的 40 款游戏推荐 - 知乎
《怪物猎人 rise》的体量还是有点小了，本以为官方会在半年内以 DLC 的形式，一直更新怪物，毕竟这种模式有《动森》珠玉在前。 没想 3.0 之后卡普空就开始摆烂了，尽更新些皮肤什么的。
Switch 游戏推荐｜游戏简评 | —— 独占篇 - 知乎
Apr 20, 2023 · 不过这个系统非常容易被敌人的战斗节奏打乱，想熟练的使出并不容易，比《怪物猎人rise》的居合要难得多，后者只需要熟悉怪物的动作就能成功，前者对输入的要求高太多 …
我在3dm下了个游戏 下完是一堆压缩包，怎么样才能合成游戏 我 …
Sep 23, 2020 · 知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎 …
rise的反义词是set还是fall？ - 知乎
rise的反义词是set还是fall？ - 知乎
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G？ - 知乎
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G。C盘已经飘红了。
《星球大战》系列的最佳观影顺序是什么？ - 知乎
11、《星球大战9：天行者崛起》（Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker）2019 二、但如果你是一个对电影观感要求较高，偏向于追求观影的感觉体验，喜欢更好的画面、更刺激的特效、更新奇 …
运放接成同相跟随器时，为何有些电路要在负反馈上增加一个电 …
这里，阶跃理解为rise time极其短，短到超过运放的slew rate。 同时，阶跃的变化电压大于0.7V（一个二极管导通压降） （3）就会发生，在某个很短瞬间，-端电压“ 没来得及 ”上升到 …
HDMI 规格详细整理！HDMI 2.0、2.1 差在哪? 选择哪个好？
Nov 13, 2022 · Sony BRAVIA KDL- 46X2500、KDL-40X2500是第一个上市的HDMI 1.3屏幕。（1080p支持新的xvYCC色彩标准, 36bits deep color） EPSON EMP-TW1000是第一个上市 …
弹性模量和杨氏模量有什么区别吗？ - 知乎
Jun 13, 2018 · 可能有些人看了还是不太懂，这里在说一下，除非明确定义，否则一般使用上，都默认杨氏模量就是弹性模量。
推荐个好用的ai文章润色? - 知乎
“The rapidly aging population has led to a dramatic rise in the prevalence of depression among the elderly” 中的 “has led to a dramatic rise” 可以改为 “has contributed to a significant …
任天堂 Switch 最值得购买的 40 款游戏推荐 - 知乎
《怪物猎人 rise》的体量还是有点小了，本以为官方会在半年内以 DLC 的形式，一直更新怪物，毕竟这种模式有《动森》珠玉在前。 没想 3.0 之后卡普空就开始摆烂了，尽更新些皮肤什么的。
Switch 游戏推荐｜游戏简评 | —— 独占篇 - 知乎
Apr 20, 2023 · 不过这个系统非常容易被敌人的战斗节奏打乱，想熟练的使出并不容易，比《怪物猎人rise》的居合要难得多，后者只需要熟悉怪物的动作就能成功，前者对输入的要求高太多 …
