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| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates: Compact Second Edition George Paxinos, Keith B.J. Franklin, 2003-11-24 The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Second Edition has been the acknowledged reference in this field since the publication of the first edition, and is now available in a Compact Edition. This will provide a more affordable option for students, as well as researchers needing an additional lab atlas. This version includes the coronal diagrams delineating the entire brain as well as the introductory text from the Deluxe edition. It is an essential reference for anyone studying the mouse brain or related species. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates George Paxinos, Charles Watson, 2006-11-02 This completely revised edition of The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, the second most cited book in science, represents a dramatic update from the previous edition. Based on a single rat brain, this edition features an entirely new coronal set of tissue cut in regular 120 micron intervals with accompanying photographs and drawings of coronal, horizontal and sagittal sections of this new set. The use of the single brain allows for greater consistency between sections, while advances in histochemistry techniques provides increased refinement in the definition of brain areas, making this the most accurate and detailed stereotaxic rat atlas produced to date. The atlas will also include a CD-ROM featuring all of the graphics and text. Every lab working with the rat as an experimental animal model will want to use this book as their atlas of choice.This book is also available in a softcover spiral binding at the same price. - Includes twice as many coronal sections, nissl plates, and sagittal plates as the previous edition - Uses a single rat brain allowing for better consistency and better delineations in the line drawings of structures - Provides improved stereotaxic coordinates at a higher level of detail - Accompanying CD-ROM features graphics and text - Now available as hardcover version and softcover version with a spiral binding at the same price |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Chick Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates and Alternate Stains Luis Puelles, Margaret Martinez-de-la-Torre, Salvador Martinez, Charles Watson, George Paxinos, 2018-11-30 This atlas – and its accompanying text - is the most comprehensive work on avian neuroanatomy available so far. It identifies more than 900 hundred structures (versus ca. 250 in previous avian atlases), 180 of them for the first time. It correlates avian and mammalian neuroanatomy on the basis of homologies and applies mammalian terms to homologous avian structures. This is the first atlas that represents the fundamental histogenetic domains of the vertebrate neuroaxis on the basis of sound fate-mapping and gene expression data. This results in a substantial increase in accuracy of delineations. Developmental molecular biologists will find it easier to extrapolate early neural tube patterns into mature structures. The modern trend to shift avian neuroanatomical nomenclature toward mammalian terminology by reference to postulated homologies has been expanded to the entire brain, but is not yet complete. This creates a new standard for comparative cross-reference, which can also be applied to reptilian-mammalian comparisons. - Color photographs and matching diagrams of 65 coronal, 23 sagittal and 9 horizontal 140 micron-thick sections reacted histochemically for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). - Thoroughly revised drawings. Updated view of the pallium, including the new concept of homology between the lateral pallium and the mammalian claustro-insular complex. - Extensive introductory text and bibliography, presenting the background information, methodology and justification of delineations. - For the first time in any species, this atlas depicts the fate-mapped natural embryonic boundaries in the postnatal brain. For the first time, we present color images of all the 6 histological stains (AChE, Nissl, TH, calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin) on which delineations are based (accompanying Expert Consult eBook). - Includes the Expert Consult eBook version, compatible with PC, Mac, and most mobile devices and eReaders, which allows readers to browse, search, and interact with content. - The eBook also contains annotatable AI files of diagrams for use by researchers. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Chemoarchitectonic Atlas of the Rat Brain George Paxinos, Mustafa S. Kassem, Matthew Kirkcaldie, Pascal Carrive, 2021-11-18 The complement to The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Chemoarchitectonic Atlas of the Rat Brain, Third Edition, features a single brain series of high-quality plates stained with eight different markers, extensively annotated and labelled throughout. Plates from the previous edition of Chemoarchitectonic Atlas of the Rat Brain have been re-scanned at high resolution and are shown in color. Labeled structures have been revised, corrected, and updated, providing users with a streamlined, up-to-date, and highly accurate compendium of chemical markers. Researchers with a need to understand the detailed organization of the rat brain as well as structure/function relationships will need this atlas and its array of stains. - Provides an archive of chemical markers in the rat brain used in many areas of research - Discusses primary data to help researchers identify structures in their own preparations from neuroanatomical, physiological, neuropharmacological, and gene expression studies - Accompanies the gold standard reference on the neuroanatomy of the nervous system of the most important model animal in neuroscience and experimental psychology - Covers both the rat forebrain and the rat brainstem - Thoroughly revised identification of structures following the new data from The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates 7th edition and the Chick Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates 2nd edition - Includes the Expert Consult eBook version, compatible with PC, Mac, and most mobile devices and eReaders, which allows readers to browse, search, and interact with content |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Atlas of the Developing Mouse Brain George Paxinos, Glenda Halliday, Charles Watson, Mustafa S. Kassem, 2020-03-21 Atlas of the Developing Mouse Brain, Second Edition builds on the features of successful first edition, providing a comprehensive and convenient reference for all areas of the mouse brain at Fetal-Day 17.5 (E17.5), Day-of-Birth (P0), and Day-Six postnatal (P6). The book also delineates the parts of the eye, features of the skull, ganglia, nerves, arteries, veins, bones and foramina. This atlas is an essential tool for researchers and students who study the development of the mouse brain, or for those who interpret findings from genetic manipulation. - Contains 176 high-resolution color scans of Nissl-stained coronal sections of the brain and skull of the fetal (E17.5), day-of-birth (P0), and day-six postnatal mouse (P6) - Includes diagrams that delineate all structures of the brain, as well as peripheral nerves, ganglia, muscles, bones, veins and arteries of the head - Presents approximately 5000 corrections and updates from the first edition - Includes color codes of the veins, arteries, nerves and ganglions of the skull in diagrams |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Mouse Nervous System Charles Watson, George Paxinos, Luis Puelles, 2011-09-22 The Mouse Nervous System provides a comprehensive account of the central nervous system of the mouse. The book is aimed at molecular biologists who need a book that introduces them to the anatomy of the mouse brain and spinal cord, but also takes them into the relevant details of development and organization of the area they have chosen to study. The Mouse Nervous System offers a wealth of new information for experienced anatomists who work on mice. The book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. Systematic consideration of the anatomy and connections of all regions of the brain and spinal cord by the authors of the most cited rodent brain atlases A major section (12 chapters) on functional systems related to motor control, sensation, and behavioral and emotional states A detailed analysis of gene expression during development of the forebrain by Luis Puelles, the leading researcher in this area Full coverage of the role of gene expression during development and the new field of genetic neuroanatomy using site-specific recombinases Examples of the use of mouse models in the study of neurological illness |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates George Paxinos, Charles Watson, 2013-10-22 The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates provides an atlas of the rat brain. The main features of this atlas are: (1) It is based on the flat-skull position, and bregma, lambda, or the midpoint of the interaural line can be used as a reference point. (2) The atlas is based on the study of 130 adult male Wistar rats (with a weight range of 270-310 g). It is suitable for brains of 250-350 g male rats. (3) It represents all areas of the brain and spinal cord, and brain areas are shown in coronal, sagittal, and horizontal planes. The brain sections shown were taken at 0.5 mm intervals and were stained with either cresyl violet or for the demonstration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). (4) It is based on fresh brains frozen in the skull (using deeply anaesthetized rats) in order to overcome distortion produced by fixation and to enhance staining contrast. (5) Structures are delineated on the basis of data on cytoarchitecture, connectivity, histochemistry, and development. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the neurosciences. Senior undergraduates should also find the atlas a useful adjunct to readings and lectures in brain anatomy and function. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Chemoarchitectonic Atlas of the Developing Mouse Brain David M. Jacobowitz, Louise C. Abbott, 1997-12-29 Representing the state-of-the-art in neurochemical mapping, Chemoarchitectonic Atlas of the Developing Mouse Brain provides a complete, full-color look at the developing mouse brain. Hundreds of coronal sections are presented, clearly illustrating structures at progressive stages of brain development. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Spinal Cord Charles Watson, George Paxinos, Gulgun Kayalioglu, 2009-11-27 Many hundreds of thousands suffer spinal cord injuries leading to loss of sensation and motor function in the body below the point of injury. Spinal cord research has made some significant strides towards new treatment methods, and is a focus of many laboratories worldwide. In addition, research on the involvement of the spinal cord in pain and the abilities of nervous tissue in the spine to regenerate has increasingly been on the forefront of biomedical research in the past years. The Spinal Cord, a collaboration with the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, is the first comprehensive book on the anatomy of the mammalian spinal cord. Tens of thousands of articles and dozens of books are published on this subject each year, and a great deal of experimental work has been carried out on the rat spinal cord. Despite this, there is no comprehensive and authoritative atlas of the mammalian spinal cord. Almost all of the fine details of spinal cord anatomy must be searched for in journal articles on particular subjects. This book addresses this need by providing both a comprehensive reference on the mammalian spinal cord and a comparative atlas of both rat and mouse spinal cords in one convenient source. The book provides a descriptive survey of the details of mammalian spinal cord anatomy, focusing on the rat with many illustrations from the leading experts in the field and atlases of the rat and the mouse spinal cord. The rat and mouse spinal cord atlas chapters include photographs of Nissl stained transverse sections from each of the spinal cord segments (obtained from a single unfixed spinal cord), detailed diagrams of each of the spinal cord segments pictured, delineating the laminae of Rexed and all other significant neuronal groupings at each level and photographs of additional sections displaying markers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calbindin, calretinin, choline acetlytransferase, neurofilament protein (SMI 32), enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN). - The text provides a detailed account of the anatomy of the mammalian spinal cord and surrounding musculoskeletal elements - The major topics addressed are: development of the spinal cord; the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and its meninges; spinal nerves, nerve roots, and dorsal root ganglia; the vertebral column, vertebral joints, and vertebral muscles; blood supply of the spinal cord; cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture of the spinal gray matter; musculotopic anatomy of motoneuron groups; tracts connecting the brain and spinal cord; spinospinal pathways; sympathetic and parasympathetic elements in the spinal cord; neuronal groups and pathways that control micturition; the anatomy of spinal cord injury in experimental animals - The atlas of the rat and mouse spinal cord has the following features: Photographs of Nissl stained transverse sections from each of 34 spinal segments for the rat and mouse; Detailed diagrams of each of the 34 spinal segments for rat and mouse, delineating the laminae of Rexed and all other significant neuronal groupings at each level. ; Alongside each of the 34 Nissl stained segments, there are additional sections displaying markers such as acetylcholinesterase, calbindin, calretinin, choline acetlytransferase, neurofilament protein (SMI 32), and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) - All the major motoneuron clusters are identified in relation to the individual muscles or muscle groups they supply |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain , 1998 |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Basal Forebrain T. Celeste Napier, Peter W. Kalivas, Israel Hanin, 2012-12-06 The basal forebrain has received considerable attention in recent years. This emphasis resulted from observations that the cortically projecting cholinergic neurons found in this region are critical for normal information processing. However, to achieve a complete understanding of such a complex function as information processing it is necessary to consider the basal forebrain not as an autonomous structure with a solitary task, but one that plays an integrative role; a structure that is connected intimately with many brain regions. This view evolved from the realization that the basal forebrain interfaces cognitive and reward functions with motor outputs. It is from this integrative and functional perspective that the present book was organized. The book is a unique collection of reports pertaining to the basal forebrain that encompasses a diversity of research approaches and techniques. It provides the reader with a progression of information that begins with anatomical descriptions of the afferent and efferent systems, stressing the integrative nature of various neurotransmitters located within the basal forebrain. The chapters focusing on anatomy are complemented by electrophysiologic studies that merge anatomical concepts with synaptic pharmacology and behavior. In vitro experiments demonstrate physiologic variations in anatomically identified neuronal subtypes and, together with in vivo techniques, provide pharmacologic descriptions of neuronal consequences to various neurotransmitter influences. Additional in vivo reports correlate changes in neuronal activity with specific motivational states and motor behaviors. These functional approaches culminate with behavioral studies that overview current understanding of basal forebrain involvement in mnemonic, reward,and motor processes. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Human Nervous System George Paxinos, 2012-12-02 The Human Nervous System is a definitive account of human neuroanatomy, with a comprehensive coverage of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. The cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecture, connectivity, and major functions of neuronal structures are examined by acknowledged authorities in the field, such as: Alheid, Amaral, Armstrong, Beitz, Burke, de Olmos, Difiglia, Garey, Gerrits, Gibbins, Holstege, Kaas, Martin, McKinley, Norgren, Ohye, Paxinos, Pearson, Pioro, Price, Saper, Sasaki, Schoenen, Tadork, Voogd, Webster, Zilles, and their associates. - Large, clearly designed 8-1/2 x 11 format - 35 information-packed chapters - 500 photomicrographs and diagrams - 6,200 bibliographic entries - Table of contents for every chapter - Exceptionally cross-referenced - Detailed subject index - Substantial original research work - Mini atlases of some brain regions |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Brain Neurotrauma Firas H. Kobeissy, 2015-02-25 With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates: Compact Second Edition George Paxinos, Keith B.J. Franklin, 2004 This second edition of 'The Mouse Brain in Steroetaxic Coordinates' includes lower brainstem sections, an entire sagittal plan of section and includes a revised section on all delineations, especially of the cortex. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Stereotaxic Atlas of the Pig Brain B. Félix, D. Albe-Fessard, M.-E. Léger, 1999-10-18 This is an excellently reproduced stereotaxic atlas of the pig brain. It consists of 60 frontal and 18 sagittal drawings illustrating Nissl-stained sections. A stereotaxic apparatus adapted for the Pig was used to determine the barin coordinates. Radiographic techniques were applied to verify the correct position of the central nervous system structures in the apparatus. The atlas gives frontal and sagittal serial sections of 100&mgr;m, performed in two different animals. Magnified diagrams of brain sections representing the cellular architecture of the brain structures were produced, some of which are illustrated with photomicrographs. Each plate is accompanied by a list of abbreviations used to label structures on the plate, together with the terms which they represent. This work will be a very useful anatomical guide for research on the pig brain. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Atlas of the Human Brainstem George Paxinos, Xu-Feng Huang, 2013-10-22 Work on the human brainstem has been impeded by the unavailability of a comprehensive diagrammatic and photographic atlas. In the authors' preliminary work on the morphology of the human brainstem (The Human Nervous System, 1990), Paxinos et al demonstrated that it is possible to use chemoarchitecture to establish a number of human homologs in structures known to exist in the rat, the most extensively studied species. Now, with the first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years, the authors present an accurate, comprehensive, and convenient reference for students, researchers, and pathologists. Key Features * The first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years * Delineated as accurately as The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Second Edition (Paxinos/Watson, 1986), the most cited book in neuroscience * Based on a single brain from a 59-year-old male with no medical history of neurological or psychiatric illness * Represents all areas of the medulla, pons, and midbrain in the plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the brainstem * Consists of 64 plates and 64 accompanying diagrams with an interplate distance of half a millimeter * The photographs are of Nissl and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stained sections at alternate levels * Establishes systematically the human homologs to nuclei identified in the brainstem of the rat Reviewed by leading neuroanatomists * An accurate and convenient guide for students, researchers, and pathologists |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Atlas of the Rabbit Brain and Spinal Cord J. W. Shek, G. Y. Wen, H. M. Wisniewski, 1985-12-16 |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI Jean C. Tamraz, Youssef Comair, 2006-02-08 The volume provides a unique review of the essential topographical anatomy of the brain from an MRI perspective, correlating high-quality anatomical plates with the corresponding high-resolution MRI images. The book includes a historical review of brain mapping and an analysis of the essential reference planes used for the study of the human brain. Subsequent chapters provide a detailed review of the sulcal and the gyral anatomy of the human cortex, guiding the reader through an interpretation of the individual brain atlas provided by high-resolution MRI. The relationship between brain structure and function is approached in a topographical fashion with analysis of the necessary imaging methodology and displayed anatomy. The central, perisylvian, mesial temporal and occipital areas receive special attention. Imaging of the core brain structures is included. An extensive coronal atlas concludes the book. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Principles of Neurobiology Liqun Luo, 2015-07-14 Principles of Neurobiology presents the major concepts of neuroscience with an emphasis on how we know what we know. The text is organized around a series of key experiments to illustrate how scientific progress is made and helps upper-level undergraduate and graduate students discover the relevant primary literature. Written by a single author in |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Stereotaxic Neurosurgery in Laboratory Rodent Barbara Ferry, Damien Gervasoni, Catherine Vogt, 2014-04-22 Stereotaxic neurosurgery in rodents is used by a variety of people working at research laboratories (research staff, technicians, students at animal facilities...). The present handbook presents all the steps necessary to complete a stereotaxic neurosurgery protocol in accordance with current animal welfare guidelines. This book will guide surgeons step by step, from anesthesia to the post-surgery recovery procedures, including asepsis of the surgical tools and surgical zone, analgesia, correctly identifying the reference points on the skull and brain targets, etc. In keeping with the current international trends, the authors above all focus on the following points: the consideration of pain and how to best treat it depending on the type of surgery; and ensuring asepsis. This book will serve as an important reference work and valuable guidebook for the scientific community. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Subcortical Stroke Geoffrey Donnan, Bo Norrving, John Bamford, Julien Bogousslavsky, 2002-04-11 Subcortical Stroke is a new and fully revised edition of Lacunar and Other Subcortical Infarctions (OUP, 1995). Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and subcortical stroke accounts for 20-30% of all cerebrovascular infarctions. Our understanding of stroke processes in general, and subcortical stroke in particular, has advanced considerably in recent years. Research findings from the fields of neurochemistry, imaging and genetics have provided insight and input to our understanding of this condition, and this new edition provides an opportunity to describe these advances, and to relate the findings to the clinical expression, neural mechanism, prognosis and treatment of subcortical stroke. In addition, new subcortical syndromes such as CADASIL are covered, as is subcortical haemorrhage. This book presents a comprehensive and authoritative review of the field with contributions from the leading international experts. Subcortical Stroke is for stroke physicians, neurologists and those researching cerebrovascular diseases. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Methods for Neural Ensemble Recordings Miguel A. L. Nicolelis, 2007-12-03 Extensively updated and expanded, this second edition of a bestseller distills the current state-of-the-science and provides the nuts and bolts foundation of the methods involved in this rapidly growing science. With contributions from pioneering researchers, it includes microwire array design for chronic neural recordings, new surgical techniques for chronic implantation, microelectrode microstimulation of brain tissue, multielectrode recordings in the somatosensory system and during learning, as well as recordings from the central gustatory-reward pathways. It explores the use of Brain-Machine Interface to restore neurological function and proposes conceptual and technical approaches to human neural ensemble recordings in the future. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Chick Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates Luis Puelles, 2007 The chicken is the standard model for avian and vertebrate brain anatomy, particularly in development. The Chick Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates contains 200 coronal plates and diagrams, 40 sagittal plates and diagrams, and 20 horizontal plates and diagrams, illustrated in stereotaxic coordinates. This book is essential for anyone studying the physiology and function of the chick brain. * Presents the highest level of anatomical detail currently unavailable * Juxtaposes histology with diagrams for ease of study * Employs standarized use of homologies, nomenclature, and abbreviation similar to that in other Elsevier atlases by George Paxinos |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Neural Plasticity and Memory Federico Bermudez-Rattoni, 2007-04-17 A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Cortex of the Rat Karl Zilles, 2012-12-06 |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Comparative Anatomy and Histology Piper M. Treuting, Suzanne M. Dintzis, Kathleen S. Montine, 2017-08-29 The second edition of Comparative Anatomy and Histology is aimed at the new rodent investigator as well as medical and veterinary pathologists who need to expand their knowledge base into comparative anatomy and histology. It guides the reader through normal mouse and rat anatomy and histology using direct comparison to the human. The side by side comparison of mouse, rat, and human tissues highlight the unique biology of the rodents, which has great impact on the validation of rodent models of human disease. - Offers the only comprehensive source for comparing mouse, rat, and human anatomy and histology through over 1500 full-color images, in one reference work - Enables human and veterinary pathologists to examine tissue samples with greater accuracy and confidence - Teaches biomedical researchers to examine the histologic changes in their model rodents - Experts from both human and veterinary fields take readers through each organ system in a side-by-side comparative approach to anatomy and histology - human Netter anatomy images along with Netter-style rodent images |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat George A Parker, Catherine A. Picut, 2016-05-26 Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat should be of interest to toxicologic pathologists, toxicologists, and other biological scientists who are interested in the histomorphology of juvenile rats. For several decades the laboratory rat has been used extensively in nonclinical toxicology studies designed to detect potential human toxicity of drugs, agrochemicals, industrial chemicals, and environmental hazards. These studies traditionally have involved young adult rats that are 8-10 weeks of age as studies are started. It is becoming increasingly apparent that children and young animals may have different responses to drug/chemical exposures, therefore, regulatory agencies are emphasizing toxicology studies in juvenile animals. While the histologic features of organs from young adult and aged laboratory rats are well known, less is known about the histologic features of organs from juvenile rats. Final histologic maturity of many organs is achieved postnatally, thus immature histologic features must be distinguished from chemical- or drug-related effects. While this postnatal organ development is known to exist as a general concept, detailed information regarding postnatal histologic development is not readily available. The Atlas includes organs that are typically sampled in nonclinical toxicology studies and presents the histologic features at weekly intervals, starting at birth and extending through postnatal day 42. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Auditory Efferent System: New Insights from Cortex to Cochlea Paul H. Delano, Ana B. Elgoyhen, 2016-09-06 The main function of the sensory systems is the transducing of external stimuli into bioelectrical signals, which are conducted through afferent pathways from sensory epithelia to the brain. However, it is known that descending projections are ubiquitous in the different sensory modalities, and in the case of auditory efferents connect the cerebral cortex with sensory receptor cells. Several functions have been attributed to the efferent system, including protection to acoustic trauma, unmasking of auditory stimuli in background noise, balance of interaural sensitivity and some cognitive functions like modulation of cochlear sensitivity during selective attention to auditory or visual stimuli. In addition there is evidence of a possible involvement of the efferent system in the etiology or treatment of some clinical pathologies like tinnitus. In this e-book, entitled “Auditory Efferent System: New Insights from Cortex to Cochlea”, we aimed to give an overview of the advances concerning the descending projections from the auditory cortex to subcortical nuclei and the olivocochlear system. In addition, different theoretical proposals of efferent functions are presented. We think that this e-book is an important contribution to the understanding of the efferent system in mammals, merging auditory-cortex literature with studies performed in the olivocochlear system. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience Matt Carter, Jennifer C. Shieh, 2015-02-27 Neuroscience is, by definition, a multidisciplinary field: some scientists study genes and proteins at the molecular level while others study neural circuitry using electrophysiology and high-resolution optics. A single topic can be studied using techniques from genetics, imaging, biochemistry, or electrophysiology. Therefore, it can be daunting for young scientists or anyone new to neuroscience to learn how to read the primary literature and develop their own experiments. This volume addresses that gap, gathering multidisciplinary knowledge and providing tools for understanding the neuroscience techniques that are essential to the field, and allowing the reader to design experiments in a variety of neuroscience disciplines. - Written to provide a hands-on approach for graduate students, postdocs, or anyone new to the neurosciences - Techniques within one field are compared, allowing readers to select the best techniques for their own work - Includes key articles, books, and protocols for additional detailed study - Data analysis boxes in each chapter help with data interpretation and offer guidelines on how best to represent results - Walk-through boxes guide readers step-by-step through experiments |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: MRI/DTI Atlas of the Rat Brain George Paxinos, Charles Watson, Evan Calabrese, Alexandra Badea, G. Allan Johnson, 2015-05-28 MRI/DTI Atlas of the Rat Brain offers two major enhancements when compared with earlier attempts to make MRI/DTI rat brain atlases. First, the spatial resolution at 25μm is considerably higher than previous data published. Secondly, the comprehensive set of MRI/DTI contrasts provided has enabled the authors to identify more than 80% of structures identified in The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. - Ninety-six coronal levels from the olfactory bulb to the pyramidal decussation are depicted - Delineations primarily made on the basis of direct observations on the MRI contrasts - Each of the 96 open book pages displays four items— top left, the directionally colored fractional anisotropy image derived from DTI (DTI - FAC); top right, the diffusion-weighted image (DWI); bottom left, the gradient recalled echo (GRE); and bottom right, a diagrammatic synthesis of the information derived from these three images plus two additional images, which are not displayed (ARDC and RD). This is repeated for 96 coronal levels, which makes the levels 250 μm apart - The FAC images are shown in full color - The orientation of sections corresponds to that in Paxinos and Watson's The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, 7th Edition (2014) - The images have been obtained from 3D isotropic population averages (number of rats=5). All abbreviations of structure names are identical to the Paxinos & Watson histologic atlas |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Neuroproteomics Ka Wan Li, 2019-08-06 This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with updates on the latest techniques used in the field of proteomics. Tissue and cellular proteins are now being analyzed at near proteome-wide levels and mass spectrometers are achieving higher sensitivity and speed, resolution, and accuracy. The chapters in this book cover various new methods used in proteomic workflows such as laser microdissection for spatial proteomics of post-mortem brain tissue, sample preparation in single vessel with FASP and SP3 protocols, the crosslinking mass spectrometry, TMT-MS3 based proteomic with synchronous precursor selection, mass spectrometric data dependent acquisition (DDA) and data independent acquisition (DIA, SWATH) methods, 2D-DIGE, and MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Neuroproteomics, Second Edition is a valuable guide that help researchers obtain the finest results from current proteomics platforms. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Oxygen Free Radicals in Tissue Damage TARR,M., SAMSON,F., 2013-06-29 Oxygen free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are being postulated as causal agents in an increasing number of pathological conditions. Indeed, some investigators are suggesting that highly destructive reactive oxygen species are the final common path lead ing to tissue damage following a wide variety of insults including trauma, hypoxia, ischemia, hyperoxia, radiation, some toxins, and even strenuous athletic pursuits. But, as Robert Floyd points out, Proof of the importance of oxygen free radicals and the oxidative damage they initiate depend on unequivocal evidence for the pres ence of free radicals and a clear association of their formation with the induction of the dysfunction of pathological conditions. Since such proof does not come easily, there have been and will continue to be many controversies regarding the role played by reactive oxygen species in tissue damage. There have been many recent reviews of the chemistry and pos sible role of reactive oxygen species in many types of organ dys functions, tissue damage, degenerative diseases, and aging. This book is not such a review. Rather it presents for a diverse audience of physical-organic chemists, biochemists, medical researchers, and other investigators of pathophysiology, discussions of a variety of is sues important for understanding reactive oxygen species and their role in tissue damage. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates George Paxinos, Michael Petrides, Henry C. Evrard, 2023-12-22 The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates is the most comprehensive and accurate atlas of the monkey brain. The fourth edition of this classic book is a complete revision featuring many improvements and upgrades. Constructed by the established leaders in neuroanatomical atlas development, the new edition will continue to be the indispensable resource for all scientists working on the primate nervous system. - 141 completely revised coronal diagrams and accompanying colour photographic plates spaced at approximately 120 μm intervals - 60 colour photographic coronal plates of SMI immunoreactivity with completely revised delineations - Includes MR images at approximately the same levels as the coronal diagrams - Follows the same nomenclature and abbreviations as the mouse, rat, chicken, marmoset and human brain atlases, with indications of correspondence to alternative macaque nomenclatures - This atlas was used for the delineation and nomenclature of MRI-based macaque brain atlases for neuroimaging analyses, including the SARM |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Ischemic Blood Flow in the Brain Y. Fukuuchi, M. Tomita, A. Koto, 2000-11-01 Because stroke is essentially a disease of the vessels and blood flow, the most fundamental aspects of ischemic blood flow in the brain are under investigation by researchers. Their work was the focus of the sixth in the series of Keio University International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine, held in Tokyo in 1999. Selected here are 55 papers from the symposium, covering the buffy coat (glycocalyx) of endothelial cells, the blood-brain barrier and permeability, gene expression, vascular reactivity, dysregulation, inflammatory deterioration, cortical spreading depression, edema, microvascular derangement, and pathology, in ten major sections. The book includes the thought-provoking discussions that followed the presentations, thus providing an invaluable source of up-to-date information not only for researchers investigating microcirculation but also for clinicians implementing the most effective treatment for stroke patients. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Electrochemical Methods for Neuroscience Adrian C. Michael, Laura Borland, 2006-12-13 Since the first implant of a carbon microelectrode in a rat 35 years ago, there have been substantial advances in the sensitivity, selectivity and temporal resolution of electrochemical techniques. Today, these methods provide neurochemical information that is not accessible by other means. The growing recognition of the versatility of electrochemi |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Free Radical Research , 2003 |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Cyto- and Myeloarchitectural Brain Atlas of the Ferret (Mustela putorius) in MRI Aided Stereotaxic Coordinates Susanne Radtke-Schuller, 2018-11-04 Description This stereotaxic atlas of the ferret brain provides detailed architectonic subdivisions of the cortical and subcortical areas in the ferret brain using high-quality histological material stained for cells and myelin together with in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) images of the same animal. The skull-related position of the ferret brain was established according to in vivo MRI and additional CT measurements of the skull. Functional denotations from published physiology and connectivity studies are mapped onto the atlas sections and onto the brain surface, together with the architectonic subdivisions. High-resolution MR images are provided at levels of the corresponding histology atlas plates with labels of the respective brain structures. The book is the first atlas of the ferret brain and the most detailed brain atlas of a carnivore available to date. It provides a common reference base to collect and compare data from any kind of research in the ferret brain. Key Features Provides the first ferret brain atlas with detailed delineations of cortical and subcortical areas in frontal plane. Provides the most detailed brain atlas of a carnivore to date. Presents a stereotaxic atlas coordinate system derived from high-quality histological material and in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) images of the same animal. Covers the ferret brain from forebrain to spinal cord at intervals of 0.6 mm on 58 anterior-posterior levels with 5 plates each. Presents cell (Nissl) stained frontal sections (plate 1) and myelin stained sections (plate 2) in a stereotaxic frame. Provides detailed delineations of brain structures and their denomination on a Nissl stained background on a separate plate (3). Compiles abbreviations on plate 4, a plate that also displays the low resolution MRI of the atlas brain with the outlines of the Nissl sections in overlay. Displays high-resolution MR images at intervals of 0.15 mm from another animal with labeled brain structures as plate 5 corresponding to the anterior-posterior level of each atlas plate. Provides detailed references used for delineation of brain areas. Target audience of the book: The book addresses researchers and students in neurosciences who are interested in brain anatomy in general (e.g., for translational purposes/comparative aspects), particularly those who study the ferret as important animal model of growing interest in neurosciences. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: The Claustrum John R. Smythies, Lawrence Edelstein, Vilayanur S. Ramachandran, 2013-11-11 The present day is witnessing an explosion of our understanding of how the brain works at all levels, in which complexity is piled on complexity, and mechanisms of astonishing elegance are being continually discovered. This process is most developed in the major areas of the brain, such as the cortex, thalamus, and striatum. The Claustrum instead focuses on a small, remote, and, until recently, relatively unknown area of the brain. In recent years, researchers have come to believe that the claustrum is concerned with consciousness, a bold hypothesis supported by the claustrum's two-way connections with nearly every other region of the brain and its seeming involvement with multisensory integrations—the hallmark of consciousness. The claustrum, previously in a humble position at the back of the stage, might in fact be the conductor of the brain's orchestra. The Claustrum brings together leading experts on the claustrum from the varied disciplines of neuroscience, providing a state-of-the-art presentation of what is currently known about the claustrum, promising lines of current research (including epigenetics), and projections of new lines of investigation on the horizon. - Develops a unifying hypothesis about the claustrum's role in consciousness, as well as the integration of sensory information and other higher brain functions - Discusses the involvement of the claustrum with autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease - Coverage of all aspects of the claustrum, from its evolution and development to promising new lines of research, including epigenetics, provides a platform and point of reference for future investigative efforts |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Brain Browser Bozzano G Luisa, 2013-10-22 Brain Browser is designed to assist researchers as well as beginning and advanced neuroscience students in their efforts to organise, analyse, and contribute to the growing detailed knowledge of the brain. Brain Browser serves as an electronic notebook for neuroanatomy and offers numerous educational and research applications.System Requirements:IBM PC or fully compatible with Intel 80286 (or later) processor Mouse or other pointing device.2 MB of RAM (minimum)1.44 MB 3.5 disk driveHard disk drive with 10 MB availableAny Windows-compatible videographics adaptor and monitorDOS 3.1 or later (5.0) recommendedMicrosoft Windows 3.1Department site licenses are available, as well as a buyer's frequency plan. Contact the publisher for complete details. |
| the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates free: Neurochemistry Albert Teelken, Jaap Korf, 2013-11-11 Proceedings of the 11th European Society for Neurochemistry Meeting held in Groningen, The Netherlandes, June 15-20, 1996 |
实验室用小鼠，「mouse」和「rat」一般情况下有什么区别？ - 知乎
大鼠rat 大鼠是应用第二多的动物模型，相对于小鼠，大鼠更大因而更加方便解剖操作，性格更暴躁，对疾病抵抗力更高。 Sprague-Dawley和Wistar是最常用的两种大鼠，两者均为白化品系。
实验用的大鼠(rat)和小鼠(mouse)有什么区别？ - 知乎
所以主要区别在于：1.mouse指比较小的鼠，但也不限于鼠科，也指别的科比如田鼠。rat比较大。 2.在情感倾向上rat更让人讨厌，传播疾病，破坏家具等等。mouse比rat更高等，就相当于生活 …
《富爸爸，穷爸爸》里的现金流游戏怎么下载？ - 知乎
英文 The rat race，这套游戏也通俗的称为“老鼠赛跑”。 这款游戏的主要目的在于，通过模仿我们的现实生活，来告诉游戏者如何识别和把握投资理财的机会；通过不断的游戏和训练以及学习 …
电脑更新，出现一个RAV Antivirus软件，可以卸载吗？ - 知乎
知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业 …
本地Dify为什么无法添加Ollama？ - 知乎
我想用deepseek+dify部署本地知识库，现在卡在添加ollama这一步了网上很多解决方法都是针对各种报错，可…
western blot如何确定一抗，二抗？ - 知乎
如，反应性：Human, Mouse, Rat。 3.1.3 选择抗体宿主物种 一般说来，在使用偶联二抗结合无偶联物的一抗时，一抗宿主动物的物种选择较为重要。
奶蓟草真的可以护肝吗？ - 知乎
爆肝时代护肝片科普. 这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代。如今的年轻人动辄肝到半夜，生活所迫、自我提升或是为焦虑所驱使为了熬夜而熬夜，理由千千万，但最终都通向肝脏损害这条不归 …
果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和淀粉在体内代谢有何不同，为什么果糖相对 …
知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业 …
实验室用小鼠，「mouse」和「rat」一般情况下有什么区别？
大鼠rat 大鼠是应用第二多的动物模型，相对于小鼠，大鼠更大因而更加方便解剖操作，性格更暴躁，对疾病抵抗力更高。 Sprague …
实验用的大鼠(rat)和小鼠(mouse)有什么区别？ - 知乎
所以主要区别在于：1.mouse指比较小的鼠，但也不限于鼠科，也指别的科比如田鼠。rat比较大。 2.在情感倾向上rat更让人讨 …
《富爸爸，穷爸爸》里的现金流游戏怎么下载？ - 知乎
英文 The rat race，这套游戏也通俗的称为“老鼠赛跑”。 这款游戏的主要目的在于，通过模仿我们的现实生活，来告诉游戏者如何 …
电脑更新，出现一个RAV Antivirus软件，可以卸载吗？
知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和 …
本地Dify为什么无法添加Ollama？ - 知乎
我想用deepseek+dify部署本地知识库，现在卡在添加ollama这一步了网上很多解决方法都是针对各种报错，可…
