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| the rape of nanking free: The Rape of Nanking Iris Chang, 2014-03-11 The New York Times bestselling account of one of history's most brutal—and forgotten—massacres, when the Japanese army destroyed China's capital city on the eve of World War II, piecing together the abundant eyewitness reports into an undeniable tapestry of horror. (Adam Hochschild, Salon) In December 1937, one of the most horrific atrocities in the long annals of wartime barbarity occurred. The Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking (what was then the capital of China), and within weeks, more than 300,000 Chinese civilians and soldiers were systematically raped, tortured, and murdered. In this seminal work, Iris Chang, whose own grandparents barely escaped the massacre, tells this history from three perspectives: that of the Japanese soldiers, that of the Chinese, and that of a group of Westerners who refused to abandon the city and created a safety zone, which saved almost 300,000 Chinese. Drawing on extensive interviews with survivors and documents brought to light for the first time, Iris Chang's classic book is the definitive history of this horrifying episode. |
| the rape of nanking free: American Goddess at the Rape of Nanking Hualing Hu, 2000-03-29 When the Japanese soldiers ordered Vautrin to leave the campus, she replied: This is my home. I cannot leave. Facing down the bloodstained bayonets constantly waved in her face, Vautrin shielded the desperate Chinese who sought asylum behind the gates of the college. Vautrin exhausted herself defying the Japanese army and caring for the refugees after the siege ended in March 1938.. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Making of the "Rape of Nanking" Takashi Yoshida, 2009-03-04 On December 13, 1937, the Japanese army attacked and captured the Chinese capital city of Nanjing, planting the rising-sun flag atop the city's outer walls. What occurred in the ensuing weeks and months has been the source of a tempestuous debate ever since. It is well known that the Japanese military committed wholesale atrocities after the fall of the city, massacring large numbers of Chinese during the both the Battle of Nanjing and in its aftermath. Yet the exact details of the war crimes--how many people were killed during the battle? How many after? How many women were raped? Were prisoners executed? How unspeakable were the acts committed?--are the source of controversy among Japanese, Chinese, and American historians to this day. In The Making of the Rape of Nanking Takashi Yoshida examines how views of the Nanjing Massacre have evolved in history writing and public memory in Japan, China, and the United States. For these nations, the question of how to treat the legacy of Nanjing--whether to deplore it, sanitize it, rationalize it, or even ignore it--has aroused passions revolving around ethics, nationality, and historical identity. Drawing on a rich analysis of Chinese, Japanese, and American history textbooks and newspapers, Yoshida traces the evolving--and often conflicting--understandings of the Nanjing Massacre, revealing how changing social and political environments have influenced the debate. Yoshida suggests that, from the 1970s on, the dispute over Nanjing has become more lively, more globalized, and immeasurably more intense, due in part to Japanese revisionist history and a renewed emphasis on patriotic education in China. While today it is easy to assume that the Nanjing Massacre has always been viewed as an emblem of Japan's wartime aggression in China, the image of the Rape of Nanking is a much more recent icon in public consciousness. Takashi Yoshida analyzes the process by which the Nanjing Massacre has become an international symbol, and provides a fair and respectful treatment of the politically charged and controversial debate over its history. |
| the rape of nanking free: Documents on the Rape of Nanking Timothy Brook, 1999 Newly revised resources for understanding the Rape of Nanking |
| the rape of nanking free: The Rape of Nanking Zhang Sheng, 2021-11-08 The Massacre of Nanking took place in 1937, during the War of the Japanese Invasion of China. 75 years after the event, we are finally able to analyze and study what happened in Nanking on three levels: as an historical event, as a legal case, and as an object in the Chinese people’s collective consciousness. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Woman Who Could Not Forget Ying-Ying Chang, 2012-07-01 A devastatingly powerful book about the loss to madness not only of a daughter, a wife and a mother, but of a promising young historian and author. You must read this. -Recommended by Jeff, City Lights Books Iris Chang's best-selling book The Rape of Nanking forever changed the way we view the Second World War in Asia. It all began with a photo of a river choked with the bodies of hundreds of Chinese civilians that shook Iris to her core. Who were these people? Why had this happened and how could their story have been lost to history? She could not shake that image from her head. She could not forget what she had seen.A few short years later, Chang revealed this second Holocaust to the world. The Japanese atrocities against the people of Nanking were so extreme that a Nazi party leader based in China actually petitioned Hitler to ask the Japanese government to stop the massacre. But who was this woman that single-handedly swept away years of silence, secrecy and shame? Her mother, Ying-Ying, provides an enlightened and nuanced look at her daughter, from Iris' home-made childhood newspaper, to her early years as a journalist and later, as a promising young historian, her struggles with her son's autism and her tragic suicide. The Woman Who Could Not Forget cements Iris' legacy as one of the most extraordinary minds of her generation and reveals the depth and beauty of the bond between a mother and daughter |
| the rape of nanking free: Nanking Masahiro Yamamoto, 2000-08-30 The December 1937 incident that has come to be known as the Rape of Nanking is, without doubt, a tragedy that will not soon be forgotten. While acknowledging that a tremendous loss of life occurred, this study challenges the current prevailing notion that the incident was a deliberate, planned effort on the part of the Japanese military and analyzes events to produce an accurate estimate of the scale of the atrocities. Drawing on Chinese, Japanese, and English sources, Yamamoto determines that what happened at Nanking were unfortunate atrocities of conventional war with precedents in both Eastern and Western military history. He concludes that post-war events such as the war crimes trials and the impact of the Holocaust in Europe affected public opinion regarding Nanking and led to a dramatic reinterpretation of events. The Rape of Nanking consisted of two distinct phases: the mass execution of prisoners of war (as well as conscription age men who appeared to be combatants) and the delinquent acts of individual soldiers. The first phase, which occurred immediately after Nanking's fall and which claimed most of the atrocity victims, was the result of the Japanese military's attempt to clear the city of Chinese soldiers thought to be in plain clothes. The second phase, which lasted approximately six weeks, was horrible, but resulted in a much smaller number of fatalities. It was characterized by numerous criminal acts, ranging from rape and murder to arson and theft, committed by unrestrained Japanese soldiers. The root cause for both phases was the Japanese military's bureaucratic inefficiency and command irresponsibility. While both Chinese and American contemporary sources initially attributed the incident to these causes, subsequent Japanese atrocities against both military and civilian Allied personnel during World War II and evidence presented at war crimes trials would come to reshape perceptions of the Nanking events as an Asian counterpart to the Nazi Holocaust. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Japanese Invasion of Manchuria and the Rape of Nanking Charles River Charles River Editors, 2018-02-19 *Includes pictures *Includes accounts of the events written by people on both sides *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Though scarcely mentioned in the world of early 21st century politics, Manchuria represented a key region of Asia during the first half of the 20th century. Once the heartland of the fierce Manchu empire, this northeastern Chinese region's rich natural resources made it a prize for nations in the process of entering the modern age, and three ambitious nations in the midst of such a transformation lay close enough to Manchuria to attempt to claim it: Japan, Russia, and China. For countries attempting to shake off their feudal past and enter a dynamic era of industrialization, Manchuria's resources presented an irresistible lure. With immense natural resources coupled to economic activity more concentrated than elsewhere in China, this region, abutting Mongolia, Korea, the Yellow Sea, and the Great Wall accounted for 90 percent of China's oil, 70 percent of its iron, 55 percent of its gold, and 33 percent of its trade. If Shanghai remained China's commercial center, by 1931 Manchuria had become its industrial center. (Paine, 2012, 15). Thus, it's not altogether surprising that Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 resulted from a long, complex chain of historical events stretching back to the late 19th century. Approximately 380,000 square miles in extent, or 1.4 times the size of the American state of Texas, Manchuria came into Imperial Russia's possession in 1900 due to the Boxer Rebellion in China, but the Russians held it only briefly; their defeat in the Russo-Japanese War shook loose their control from important parts of Manchuria by the end of 1905. The Japanese gained two important footholds in Manchuria thanks to their victory. One consisted of Port Arthur (renamed Ryojun by the Japanese), an economically and strategically vital harbor city on the Liaodung Peninsula, plus the peninsula itself. The other comprised the South Manchurian Railway, which the Russians gave to the Japanese as a prize of war, in lieu of a cash indemnity. Three days of plundering traditionally befell cities taken by storm, a fate usually avoided by those surrendering before the first attacking soldier penetrated beyond the outer walls. In Europe and areas influenced by Enlightenment thinkers, this practice faded rapidly after the Napoleonic Wars. In 1937, however, as the Imperial Army of Japan invaded China, this custom returned in a horrifying new form - the Rape of Nanking or the Nanking Massacre, a bloodbath lasting more than six weeks and possibly claiming more than a quarter of a million lives. Even the Japanese participating in the Nanking Massacre provided no rationale for their actions. They made no effort to explain it as a measure to terrorize other Chinese cities into surrender, or even to extract the location of hidden valuables. Instead, the Rape appears on the page of history as a psychopathic orgy of sadism for sadism's sake. Insatiably driven by hatred and, apparently, an unabashed relish for cruelty, the Japanese soldiery abandoned any semblance of restraint. Women of every age, from small children to ancient elders, suffered innumerable rapes, in many cases dying from the mass raping alone. Those who did not die from sexual assault suffered death in other forms - shot, decapitated, or tortured to death once the soldiers found themselves sexually exhausted. Other women suffered fatal sexual torture involving the introduction of sharp foreign objects into their vagina or the placement of firecrackers or live grenades inside. Even Third Reich personnel in the city interceded in a sometimes futile effort to rescue victims from their tormentors. This book chronicles two of the most infamous events of the 20th century. |
| the rape of nanking free: Tree of Heaven R. C. Binstock, 1995 In 1938, in China during the Japanese occupation of Nanking, a Japanese army captain saves a Chinese woman from rape. She becomes his servant, then his mistress, but the affair ends badly for both. He is branded immoral by his troops, she a traitor by her people. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Rape of Nanking Charles River Editors, 2016-01-26 *Includes pictures *Includes accounts of the massacre by civilians and Japanese soldiers *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading When you're talking about the Japanese military, thievery and rape just come with the territory. We stabbed them with bayonets, cut open pregnant women and took out the child. I killed five or six of them myself. I used to do some pretty brutal things. - Kodaira Yoshio, former Japanese soldier (Honda, 2015, 122). This is the shortest day of the year, but it still contains twenty-four hours of this hell on earth. - Dr. Robert Wilson, diary entry in Nanking, December 21st, 1937 (Brook, 1999, 219). Three days of plundering traditionally befell cities taken by storm, a fate usually avoided by those surrendering before the first attacking soldier penetrated beyond the outer walls. In Europe and areas influenced by Enlightenment thinkers, this practice faded rapidly after the Napoleonic Wars. In 1937, however, as the Imperial Army of Japan invaded China, this custom returned in a horrifying new form - the Rape of Nanking or the Nanking Massacre, a bloodbath lasting more than six weeks and possibly claiming more than a quarter of a million lives. Even the Japanese participating in the Nanking Massacre provided no rationale for their actions. They made no effort to explain it as a measure to terrorize other Chinese cities into surrender, or even to extract the location of hidden valuables. Instead, the Rape appears on the page of history as a psychopathic orgy of sadism for sadism's sake. Insatiably driven by hatred and, apparently, an unabashed relish for cruelty, the Japanese soldiery abandoned any semblance of restraint. Women of every age, from small children to ancient elders, suffered innumerable rapes, in many cases dying from the mass raping alone. Those who did not die from sexual assault suffered death in other forms - shot, decapitated, or tortured to death once the soldiers found themselves sexually exhausted. Other women suffered fatal sexual torture involving the introduction of sharp foreign objects into their vagina or the placement of firecrackers or live grenades inside. At least one soldier, Kodaira Yoshio, so enjoyed torturing women to death that he returned to Japan as a serial killer, treating his Japanese victims in the same fashion as Chinese women until caught and executed. The Japanese hacked men to death, shot them, used them for live bayonet practice, drowned them, locked them in sheds and burned them, or buried them alive. Even farm animals suffered mutilation, shooting, or burning while locked in their barns. Unburied corpses lay in heaps everywhere, while the Japanese continued to harry and slaughter the survivors for week after week. A choking stench hung over the city in the summer heat. A number of foreign people on the scene attempted to save some of the Chinese from the massacre and, in some cases, succeeded. Their neutral status gave them the ability to move around Nanking without - in most cases - suffering assault or murder by the swarms of Japanese troops glutting themselves endlessly on human pain and death. They also photographed the nearly inconceivable images of bloodshed, creating a stark, permanent record of one of World War II's leading atrocities. Even Third Reich personnel in the city interceded in a sometimes futile effort to rescue victims from their tormentors. At the end of the city's long harrowing, the world knew clearly, if it did not before, that the Japanese of Tojo and Hirohito showed a very different spirit than the exquisitely genteel and chivalric men of the Russo-Japanese War of 1905. The fight against Imperial Japan represented not merely an effort to avoid being conquered, but for survival itself. The Rape of Nanking: The History and Legacy of the Notorious Massacre during the Second Sino-Japanese War chronicles one of the most infamous events of the 20th century. |
| the rape of nanking free: 南京事件の総括 田中正明, 2000 |
| the rape of nanking free: Thread Of The Silkworm Iris Chang, 2008-08-06 The definitive biography of Tsien Hsue-Shen, the pioneer of the American space age who was mysteriously accused of being a communist, deported, and became -- to America's continuing chagrin -- the father of the Chinese missile program. |
| the rape of nanking free: 紫金山咏叹: 南京大屠杀纪实小说英汉双语版 Shouhua Qi, 2009-07-24 An unprecedented historical novel, Purple Mountain presents a riveting, profoundly intimate portrait of Nanjing and its people during the first six days after its fall to the Japanese army in 1937. Three editions of the novel, one English and two Chinese, were published in 2005. A screenplay Qi wrote based on the novel has been optioned for production. This English Chinese bilingual edition is newly prepared for those who feel morally and intellectually compelled to revisit the ancient city of Nanjing during the reign of terror, where, within its walls, men and women, young and old, soldiers and civilians, Chinese and a dozen foreigners, are all caught up in the turbulent fires of history, where their very souls are being tested. Among them, Ning-ning, a twelve-year-old girl.A native of Nanjing, China, Shouhua Qi is Professor of English at Western Connecticut State University and the author of more than a dozen books. |
| the rape of nanking free: Finding Iris Chang Paula Kamen, 2007-12-10 This account of a bestselling author’s suicide is “part biography, part detective story, part memoir of a thorny but enduring friendship” (Molly Worthen, author of Apostles of Reason). Iris Chang’s mysterious suicide in 2004, at age thirty-six, didn’t seem to make any sense. She had more to live for than anyone, including fame, fortune, beauty, a husband, and a child. Some even wondered if the controversial New York Times-bestselling author of The Rape of Nanking had been murdered. Long-time friend Paula Kamen was among those left wondering what had gone so wrong. Seeking to reconcile the suicide with the image of Chang’s “perfect” life, Kamen searched her own memory and scoured Chang’s letters, diaries, and archival material to fill in the gaps of Chang’s personal transformation—from awkward teen to homecoming princess in college, from “ex-shy person” to world-class speaker and international human rights pioneer—and her later decline into mental illness and paranoia. A literary investigation of an important writer’s journey, Finding Iris Chang is a tribute to a lost heroine, a portrait of the real and vulnerable woman who inspired so many around the world. “Probes the stigma of mental illness in the Asian-American community, Chang’s sense of guilt over her son’s autism, her veneer of perfection and the deterioration of her mental state.” —Publishers Weekly “A rewardingly complex portrait of a driven and troubled woman.” —Kirkus Reviews |
| the rape of nanking free: Sorry States Jennifer Lind, 2011-08-15 Governments increasingly offer or demand apologies for past human rights abuses, and it is widely believed that such expressions of contrition are necessary to promote reconciliation between former adversaries. The post-World War II experiences of Japan and Germany suggest that international apologies have powerful healing effects when they are offered, and poisonous effects when withheld. West Germany made extensive efforts to atone for wartime crimes-formal apologies, monuments to victims of the Nazis, and candid history textbooks; Bonn successfully reconciled with its wartime enemies. By contrast, Tokyo has made few and unsatisfying apologies and approves school textbooks that whitewash wartime atrocities. Japanese leaders worship at the Yasukuni Shrine, which honors war criminals among Japan's war dead. Relations between Japan and its neighbors remain tense. Examining the cases of South Korean relations with Japan and of French relations with Germany, Jennifer Lind demonstrates that denials of past atrocities fuel distrust and inhibit international reconciliation. In Sorry States, she argues that a country's acknowledgment of past misdeeds is essential for promoting trust and reconciliation after war. However, Lind challenges the conventional wisdom by showing that many countries have been able to reconcile without much in the way of apologies or reparations. Contrition can be highly controversial and is likely to cause a domestic backlash that alarms—rather than assuages—outside observers. Apologies and other such polarizing gestures are thus unlikely to soothe relations after conflict, Lind finds, and remembrance that is less accusatory-conducted bilaterally or in multilateral settings-holds the most promise for international reconciliation. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography Joshua A. Fogel, 2000 A compelling historiographic study of the Rape of Nanjing during the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, one of the worst atrocities of all times, and of the event's repercussions. |
| the rape of nanking free: 南京大屠殺 Jijun Yin, James Yin, 史咏, 1997 |
| the rape of nanking free: Japan's Infamous Hal Gold, 2019-10-08 This is a riveting and disturbing account of the medical atrocities performed in and around Japan during WWII. Some of the cruelest deeds of Japan's war in Asia did not occur on the battlefield, but in quiet, antiseptic medical wards in obscure parts of China. Far from front lines and prying eyes, Japanese doctors and their assistants subjected human guinea pigs to gruesome medical experiments in the name of science and Japan's wartime chemical and biological warfare research. Author Hal Gold draws upon a wealth of sources to construct a portrait of the Imperial Japanese Army's most notorious medical unit, giving an overview of its history and detailing its most shocking activities. The book presents the words of former unit members themselves, taken from remarks they made at a traveling Unit 731 exhibition held in Japan in 1994-95. They recount vivid first-hand memories of what it was like to take part in horrific experiments on men, women and children, their motivations and reasons why they chose to speak about their actions all these years later. A new foreword by historian Yuma Totani examines the actions of Unit 731, the post-war response by the Allies and the lasting importance of the book. Japan's Infamous Unit 731 represents an essential addition to the growing body of literature on the still unfolding story of some of the most infamous war crimes in modem military history. By showing how the ethics of normal men and women, and even an entire profession, can be warped by the fire of war, this important book offers a window on a time of human madness and the hope that history will not be repeated. |
| the rape of nanking free: A Romantic Rape of Nanking Jennifer Suzuki, 2017-06-05 What is the purpose of war? Man in his pacifist rage has forsaken all of war's glory and magnified beyond reason all its cruelty. War enhanced the existence of the superior type of man and man in victory enjoyed the complete domination and monopoly of all the pleasures in conquered females. War for all its vilifications continues in its instinct the preservation of the human species by eliminating the weak, the sick, the degenerate, the unfit. Is war evil? Necessary is the evil. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Nanjing Massacre: A Japanese Journalist Confronts Japan's National Shame Katsuichi Honda, Frank Gibney, Karen Sandness, 2015-02-24 This book is based on four visits to China between 1971 and 1989 by Honda Katsuichi, an investigative journalist for Asahi Shimbun. His aim is to show in pitiless detail the horrors of the Japanese Army's seizure and capture of Nanjing in December 1937. Unvarnished accounts of the testimony - Chinese victims and Japanese perpetrators - to the rape and slaughter are juxtaposed with public relations announcements of the Japanese Army as printed in various Japanese newspapers of the time. The bland announcements of triumphant victories stand in bitter contrast to the atrocities that actually took place on the scene. The story unfolds with horrible detail as we watch the triumphant progress of the Japanese army whose troops were bent on rape and killing in the so-called heat of battle. Yet by recalling the testimony of Japanese soldiers and reporters who were on the scene, as well as reproducing dispatches by Japanese Army authorities at the time, Honda makes it clear that the atrocities were part of a studied effort directed by the Japanese high command to impress the Chinese people with the power of its army and the folly of resistance to it - the estimate of 300,000 killed in these military operations is no exaggeratoin. Honda has worked with other Japanese journalists and scholars who have attempted to reveal the truth of the Nanjing massacre, provoked by the efforts of right-wing Japanese, including, sadly, many government officials, to whitewash the whole incident, even to the point of contending that a massacre never happened. This gripping account of the atrocities and cover-up joins other exposes - Chinese and now German - in keeping alive the memory of this shameful event. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Devil of Nanking Mo Hayder, 2011-02-24 “Exceedingly creepy . . . The diabolically gifted British author spins a fascinating mystery from the legacy of Japanese atrocities during World War II.” —Entertainment Weekly With the redolent atmosphere of Ian Rankin and the spine-chilling characters of Thomas Harris, Mo Hayder’s The Devil of Nanking takes the reader on an electrifying literary ride from the palatial apartments of yakuza kingpins to deep inside the secret history of one of the twentieth century’s most brutal events: the Nanking Massacre. A young Englishwoman obsessed with an indecipherable past, Grey comes to Tokyo seeking a lost piece of film footage of the notorious 1937 Nanking Massacre, footage some say never existed. Only one man can help Grey. A survivor of the massacre, he is now a visiting professor at a university in Tokyo. But he will have nothing to do with her. So Grey accepts a job in an upmarket nightspot, where a certain gangster may be the key to gaining the professor’s trust. An old man in a wheelchair surrounded by a terrifying entourage, the gangster is rumored to rely on a mysterious elixir for his continued health. Taut, gritty, sexy, and harrowing, The Devil of Nanking is an incomparable literary thriller set in one of the world’s most fascinating cities—Tokyo—from an internationally bestselling author. “A haunting, lyrical, disturbing, important, suspenseful, wonderfully written and beautiful book.” —Harlan Coben |
| the rape of nanking free: The Nanking Atrocity, 1937-38 Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, 2007 Events in Nanking during 1937-38 are the subject of a ferocious historiographical debate between Chinese & Japanese points of view. This volume seeks to debunk the myths promoted by scholars on both sides of the argument & present a revisionist view of the atrocity that complicates the picture. |
| the rape of nanking free: Between China and Japan Joshua A. Fogel, 2015-05 These essays and reviews by Joshua Fogel, written over the past 35 years, focus on the cultural and political interactions between China and Japan. The represent pioneering efforts to assess these two histories together. |
| the rape of nanking free: When Sorry Isn't Enough Roy L. Brooks, 1999-06-01 Leading scholars, activists, and political leaders on being victim's of the world's worst atrocities How much compensation ought to be paid to a woman who was raped 7,500 times? What would the members of the Commission want for their daughters if their daughters had been raped even once?—Karen Parker, speaking before the U.N. Commission on Human Rights Seemingly every week, a new question arises relative to the current worldwide ferment over human injustices. Why does the U.S. offer $20,000 atonement money to Japanese Americans relocated to concentration camps during World War II, while not even apologizing to African Americans for 250 years of human bondage and another century of institutionalized discrimination? How can the U.S. and Canada best grapple with the genocidal campaigns against Native Americans on which their countries were founded? How should Japan make amends to Korean comfort women sexually enslaved during World War II? Why does South Africa deem it necessary to grant amnesty to whites who tortured and murdered blacks under apartheid? Is Germany's highly praised redress program, which has paid billions of dollars to Jews worldwide, a success, and, as such, an example for others?More generally, is compensation for a historical wrong dangerous blood money that allows a nation to wash its hands forever of its responsibility to those it has injured? A rich collection of essays from leading scholars, pundits, activists, and political leaders the world over, many written expressly for this volume, When Sorry Isn't Enough also includes the voices of the victims of some of the world's worst atrocities, thereby providing a panoramic perspective on an international controversy often marked more by heat than reason. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Chinese in America Iris Chang, 2004-03-30 A quintessiantially American story chronicling Chinese American achievement in the face of institutionalized racism by the New York Times bestselling author of The Rape of Nanking In an epic story that spans 150 years and continues to the present day, Iris Chang tells of a people’s search for a better life—the determination of the Chinese to forge an identity and a destiny in a strange land and, often against great obstacles, to find success. She chronicles the many accomplishments in America of Chinese immigrants and their descendents: building the infrastructure of their adopted country, fighting racist and exclusionary laws and anti-Asian violence, contributing to major scientific and technological advances, expanding the literary canon, and influencing the way we think about racial and ethnic groups. Interweaving political, social, economic, and cultural history, as well as the stories of individuals, Chang offers a bracing view not only of what it means to be Chinese American, but also of what it is to be American. |
| the rape of nanking free: Arabs Tim Mackintosh-Smith, 2019-04-30 A riveting, comprehensive history of the Arab peoples and tribes that explores the role of language as a cultural touchstone This kaleidoscopic book covers almost 3,000 years of Arab history and shines a light on the footloose Arab peoples and tribes who conquered lands and disseminated their language and culture over vast distances. Tracing this process to the origins of the Arabic language, rather than the advent of Islam, Tim Mackintosh-Smith begins his narrative more than a thousand years before Muhammad and focuses on how Arabic, both spoken and written, has functioned as a vital source of shared cultural identity over the millennia. Mackintosh-Smith reveals how linguistic developments--from pre-Islamic poetry to the growth of script, Muhammad's use of writing, and the later problems of printing Arabic--have helped and hindered the progress of Arab history, and investigates how, even in today's politically fractured post-Arab Spring environment, Arabic itself is still a source of unity and disunity. |
| the rape of nanking free: GI Jive Frank F. Mathias, 2014-07-11 Frank Mathias was a teenager in a small town when the draft swept him into the army and then halfway around the world to the jungles of the South Pacific. He served in the huge invasion force in the Battle of Manila, the deadliest single battle of the Pacific War. As an army musician attached to the 37th Infantry Division, Mathias saw the war from the bottom of the heap, where young privates lived and died. In his best selling book The GI Generation, Mathias tells of growing up in small-town America between the wars. In GI Jive he recalls the gritty experience of combat as well as the music and the homefront pleasures the GIs fought to preserve. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Nanjing Massacre Angie Timmons, 2017-12-15 While World War II is well known for genocide, the war itself eclipsed key events that preceded and contributed to the greater conflict. This book explores the Nanjing massacre, a mass murder and rape committed by Japanese soldiers in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. This conflict would later merge into World War II itself. Sidebars highlight topics such as the Japanese destruction of military records about the massacre and Chinese general Chiang Kai-shek. A timeline chronicles the Chinese decision to move operations from Shanghai to Nanjing and the harrowing events that transpired. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Massacre in History Mark Levene, Penny Roberts, 1999 The role of massacre in history has been given little focused attention either by historians or academics in related fields. This is surprising as its prevalence and persistence surely demands that it should be a subject of serious and systematic exploration. What exactly is a massacre? When - and why - does it happen? Is there a cultural, as well as political framework within which it occurs? How do human societies respond to it? What are its social and economic repercussions? Are massacres catalysts for change or are they part of the continuity of the human saga? These are just some of the questions the authors address in this important volume. Chronologically and geographically broad in scope, The Massacre in History provides in-depth analysis of particular massacres and themes associated with them from the 11th century to the present. Specific attention is paid to 15th century Christian-Jewish relations in Spain, the St. Batholemew's Day massacre, England and Ireland in the civil war era, the 19th century Caucasus, the rape of Nanking in 1937 and the Second World War origins of the Serb-Croat conflict. The book explores the subject of massacre from a variety of perspectives - its relationship to politics, culture, religion and society, its connection to ethnic cleansing and genocide, and its role in gender terms and in relation to the extermination of animals. The historians provide evidence to suggest that the massacre is often central to the course of human development and societal change. |
| the rape of nanking free: Captive Public The Benjamin Ginsberg, 1986-10-13 |
| the rape of nanking free: Mao's Great Famine Frank Dikötter, 2010-09-06 An unprecedented, groundbreaking history of China's Great Famine that recasts the era of Mao Zedong and the history of the People's Republic of China. |
| the rape of nanking free: Japanese Terror in China Harold J (Harold John) 1 Timperley, 2021-09-09 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Free Will Delusion James B. Miles, 2018-10-02 Poverty is not accident, but design. We are not all equal before the law. And the central message of contemporary ethics is that only some people matter. |
| the rape of nanking free: The Painted Bird Jerzy Kosinski, 2007-12-01 The classic novel of a boy’s struggle for survival in WWII Poland, from the National Book Award–winning author of Steps and Being There. “In 1939, a six-year-old boy is sent by his anti-Nazi parents to a remote village in Poland where they believe he will be safe. Things happen, however, and the boy is left to roam the Polish countryside. . . . To the blond, blue-eyed peasants in this part of the country, the swarthy, dark-eyed boy who speaks the dialect of the educated class is either Jew, gypsy, vampire, or devil. They fear him and they fear what the Germans will do to them if he is found among them. So he must keep moving. In doing so, over a period of years, he observes every conceivable variation on the theme of horror” (Kirkus Reviews). Originally published in 1965, The Painted Bird established Jerzy Kosinski as a major literary figure. With sparse prose and vivid imagery, it is a story of mythic proportion and timeless human relevance. “One of the best . . . Written with deep sincerity and sensitivity.” —Elie Wiesel, The New York Times Book Review “Of all the remarkable fiction that emerged from World Wat II, nothing stands higher than Jerzy Kosinski’s The Painted Bird. A magnificent work of art, and a celebration of the individual will. No one who reads it will forget it; no one who reads it will be unmoved by it. The Painted Bird enriches our literature and our lives.” —Jonathan Yardley, The Miami Herald “Extraordinary . . . Literally staggering . . . One of the most powerful books I have ever read.” —Richard Kluger, Harper’s Magazine “One of our most significant writers.” —Newsweek |
| the rape of nanking free: Hirohito Hourly History, 2018-12-05 Hirohito Japanese Emperor Hirohito is one of history's most enigmatic figures. He led the Japanese during the darkest point of their history as they joined forces with the fascism of Nazi Germany and Italy. Upon Japan's defeat most believed that Emperor Hirohito would stand trial for the war crimes he was accused of presiding over. But the trial never happened. Instead, to the surprise of the whole world--and most likely Hirohito himself--he was placed back on his throne and allowed to administer affairs in Japan until the day he died peacefully in 1989. How did all this come about? Read further to discover the life and the legend of Japan's most notorious leader. Inside you will read about... ✓ Hirohito Takes the Throne ✓ Invasion of China and Assassination Attempts ✓ The Rape of Nanking and Unit 731 ✓ Imperial Japan, an Axis Power ✓ Entering World War II ✓ Atomic Bombs: Hiroshima and Nagasaki And much more! |
| the rape of nanking free: The Nanking Massacre Osamichi Higashinakano, 2005 |
| the rape of nanking free: They Were in Nanjing Suping Lu, 2004 This book presents a detailed research study and in-depth analysis of the incident from the perspective of neutral countries' residents and diplomatic officials. The focus is placed on how those American and British citizens had experienced the incident and their reactions toward it. |
| the rape of nanking free: Robert Ludlum's (TM) The Patriot Attack -- Free Preview (first 8 chapters) Kyle Mills, 2015-08-11 Robert Ludlum's bestselling Covert-One series continues with an exciting new novel by New York Times bestselling author Kyle Mills. An attack on a Japanese warship brings Japan and China to the brink of war. Meanwhile, top Covert-One operative Colonel Jon Smith is sent on a mission to recover mysterious material from the wreckage of the Fukushima nuclear reactor. When Smith fails to return, CIA agent Randi Russell heads off on an unsanctioned mission to find him. She quickly discovers that the missing samples may be evidence that Japan, led by hawkish military chief of staff Masao Takahashi, has been secretly developing next-generation weapon systems in preparation for a conflict with China. If the Covert-One team can't prevent General Takahashi from provoking a war, the entire world will be dragged into a battle certain to kill tens of millions of people and leave much of planet uninhabitable for centuries. |
| the rape of nanking free: A Pragmatist and His Free Spirit Susan Chan Egan, Zhiping Zhou, 2009 A Pragmatist and His Free Spirit portrays the unconventional love of Hu Shi, a Chinese social reformer and civil rights pioneer, and Edith Clifford Williams, an American avant-garde artist of the early twentieth century. Hu studied at Cornell University, where he first met Williams, and Columbia University, where he worked with the famous pragmatist John Dewey. At the time of his death in 1962, he and Williams had exchanged more than 300 letters that, along with poems and excerpts from Hu's diaries and documents (some of which have never before been translated into English) form the center of this book. In Williams, Hu found his intellectual match, a woman and fellow scholar who helped the reformer reconcile his independent scholarship with cultural tradition. Williams counciled Hu on the acceptance of an arranged marriage, and she influenced his pursuit of experimental vernacular poetry through an exposure to avant-garde art. In 1933, the two became lovers, although their romance would eventually dwindle. Nevertheless, Williams maintained a devoted and honest correspondence with Hu throughout his tumultuous life. Hu's work touched on virtually every crucial aspect of twentieth-century Chinese society, particularly Chinese liberalism and the use of vernacular Chinese. A Pragmatist and His Free Spirit explores the lesser-known side of this major philosopher while reconstructing his romance with Williams. Not only does the volume place Hu within the larger social, economic, and political context of his time, but it also provides readers with a multifaceted portrait of China's dramatic modern history. Hu Shi: Father of the Modern Chinese Renaissance*1891: Born in a suburb of Shanghai; 1962: Died in Taipei.* Married with three children.* Possibly the most documented life in modern China.* Earned a B.A. and M.A. at Cornell University; Earned a Ph.D. at Columbia University, where he studied with the famous pragmatist John Dewey.* Became a leading figure of the Chinese Literary Revolution of 1919, advocating the use of vernacular Chinese and the importance of intellectual individualism.* Become a civil rights advocate who promoted the empowerment of women.* Served as the Republic of China's Ambassador to the United States from 1938 to 1942.* Installed as president of Peking University from 1946 to 1948.* Worked as curator of Princeton University's Gest Library from 1950 to 1952.* Became the target in absentia of a massive political denunciation campaign launched by the Chinese government between 1954 and 1955.* Served as president of Academica Sinica, Taipei, from 1958 to 1962.* Quoted as saying: Be bold in your hypothesis; be meticulous in your verification. Edith Clifford Williams: A Woman Ahead of Her Time* 1885: Born in Ithaca, New York; 1971: Died in Barbados.* Claims to have followed her father's advice: Don't marry unless you can't help it.* Studied at Yale University School of Art and the Académie Julian in Paris.* Became a pioneer of abstract art and a member of Alfred Stieglitz's inner circle.* Worked as the first full-time librarian of Cornell University's Veterinary Library from 1923 to 1946.* Completed two modernist works of monumental importance: Two Rhythms (1916), a painting now housed at the Philadelphia Museum of Art; and Plâtre à toucher chez de Zayas (1916), a sculpture made for touching that was featured in Marcel Duchamp's 1917 journal, Rongwrong, and used as the subject of a lecture by Guillaume Apollinaire in Paris. |
| the rape of nanking free: Free China Review , 1995 |
Sudan: Fighters Rape Women and Girls, Hold Sex Slaves
Dec 16, 2024 · Rape in the Homes of Civilians. On the morning of December 31, 2023, after hostilities that led to the RSF taking control of the town of Habila from the SAF, RSF fighters …
Sexual Violence - Human Rights Watch
Dec 12, 2024 · I didn’t want to have [the baby] because it was the product of rape. I didn’t want my family to find out.” She was sentenced to 12 months in prison and was released after …
Moroccan Court Overturns Landmark Marital Rape Conviction
Oct 24, 2024 · Moroccan legislation defines rape as an act by “a man who has sexual relations with a woman against her will.” Article 486 of the penal code stipulates prison terms of five to …
No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons - Rape Scenarios - Human …
Jan 31, 1999 · Rape in prison is rarely a sexual act, but one of violence, politics, and an acting out of power roles.-- Journalist and prisoner Wilbert Rideau, in "The Sexual Jungle" (266)
International Legal Prohibitions against Sexual V iolence
Jul 16, 2016 · 253 Rape and other forms of sexual violence can be defined as constituent elements of genocide. Genocide is defined under the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and …
No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons - Prisoners' Voices
The next would be extortion rape followed by drugging rape and finally strong arm rape. The reason strong arm rape is the least frequent is because it is so much easier to rape an inmate …
Iran: Security Forces Rape, Torture, Detainees
Apr 22, 2024 · (Beirut) – Iran's security forces raped, tortured, and sexually assaulted detainees while repressing widespread protests in 2022 and 2023, Human Rights Watch said today. The …
Rape Survivors in Darfur Describe Life During Conflict
Aug 21, 2023 · Fighters Rape Dozens in Darfur as Sudan Conflict Rages While Andrew Stroehlein and the rest of the regular Daily Brief team take a well-deserved break, I'll be …
Haiti: Scarce Protection as Sexual Violence Escalates
Nov 25, 2024 · Between January and October, nearly 4,000 girls and women reported sexual violence, including gang rape, mostly committed by members of criminal groups, according to …
RAPE IN KASHMIR - Human Rights Watch
Rape by Indian police is common throughout India; the victims are generally poor women and those from vulnerable low-caste and tribal minority groups. 9 In some cases, women are taken …
Sudan: Fighters Rape Women and Girls, Hold Sex Slaves
Dec 16, 2024 · Rape in the Homes of Civilians. On the morning of December 31, 2023, after hostilities that led to the RSF taking control of the town of Habila from the SAF, RSF fighters …
Sexual Violence - Human Rights Watch
Dec 12, 2024 · I didn’t want to have [the baby] because it was the product of rape. I didn’t want my family to find out.” She was sentenced to 12 months in prison and was released after seven …
Moroccan Court Overturns Landmark Marital Rape Conviction
Oct 24, 2024 · Moroccan legislation defines rape as an act by “a man who has sexual relations with a woman against her will.” Article 486 of the penal code stipulates prison terms of five to …
No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons - Rape Scenarios - Human …
Jan 31, 1999 · Rape in prison is rarely a sexual act, but one of violence, politics, and an acting out of power roles.-- Journalist and prisoner Wilbert Rideau, in "The Sexual Jungle" (266)
International Legal Prohibitions against Sexual V iolence
Jul 16, 2016 · 253 Rape and other forms of sexual violence can be defined as constituent elements of genocide. Genocide is defined under the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and …
No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons - Prisoners' Voices
The next would be extortion rape followed by drugging rape and finally strong arm rape. The reason strong arm rape is the least frequent is because it is so much easier to rape an inmate …
Iran: Security Forces Rape, Torture, Detainees
Apr 22, 2024 · (Beirut) – Iran's security forces raped, tortured, and sexually assaulted detainees while repressing widespread protests in 2022 and 2023, Human Rights Watch said today. The …
Rape Survivors in Darfur Describe Life During Conflict
Aug 21, 2023 · Fighters Rape Dozens in Darfur as Sudan Conflict Rages While Andrew Stroehlein and the rest of the regular Daily Brief team take a well-deserved break, I'll be stepping in to …
Haiti: Scarce Protection as Sexual Violence Escalates
Nov 25, 2024 · Between January and October, nearly 4,000 girls and women reported sexual violence, including gang rape, mostly committed by members of criminal groups, according to …
RAPE IN KASHMIR - Human Rights Watch
Rape by Indian police is common throughout India; the victims are generally poor women and those from vulnerable low-caste and tribal minority groups. 9 In some cases, women are taken …
