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| the term reconstruction refers to the: Reconstruction Eric Foner, 1988 Chronicles how Americans responded to the changes unleashed by the Civil War and the end of slavery. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The Second Founding Eric Foner, 2019-09-17 From the Pulitzer Prize–winning scholar, a timely history of the constitutional changes that built equality into the nation’s foundation and how those guarantees have been shaken over time. The Declaration of Independence announced equality as an American ideal, but it took the Civil War and the subsequent adoption of three constitutional amendments to establish that ideal as American law. The Reconstruction amendments abolished slavery, guaranteed all persons due process and equal protection of the law, and equipped black men with the right to vote. They established the principle of birthright citizenship and guaranteed the privileges and immunities of all citizens. The federal government, not the states, was charged with enforcement, reversing the priority of the original Constitution and the Bill of Rights. In grafting the principle of equality onto the Constitution, these revolutionary changes marked the second founding of the United States. Eric Foner’s compact, insightful history traces the arc of these pivotal amendments from their dramatic origins in pre–Civil War mass meetings of African-American “colored citizens” and in Republican party politics to their virtual nullification in the late nineteenth century. A series of momentous decisions by the Supreme Court narrowed the rights guaranteed in the amendments, while the states actively undermined them. The Jim Crow system was the result. Again today there are serious political challenges to birthright citizenship, voting rights, due process, and equal protection of the law. Like all great works of history, this one informs our understanding of the present as well as the past: knowledge and vigilance are always necessary to secure our basic rights. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The Radical Republicans Hans L. Trefousse, 2014-10-29 This is the story of the men who, as political realists, fought for the cause of racial reform in America before, during, and after the Civil War. Charles Sumner, Thaddeus Stevens, Benjamin F. Wade, and Zachariah Chandler are the central figures in Mr. Trefousse's study of the Radical Republicans who steered a course between the extreme abolitionists on the one hand and the more cautious gradualists on the other, as they strove to break the slaveholder's domination of the federal government andthen to wrest from the postbellum South an acknowledgment of the civil rights of the Negro. The author delineates their key role in founding the Republican party and follows their struggle to keep the party firm in its opposition to the expansion of slavery, to commit it to emancipation, and finally to make it the party of racial justice. This is the story as well of the tangled relationship of the Radical Republicans with Abraham Lincoln—a relationship of both quarrels and mutual support. The author stresses the similarity between Lincoln's ultimate aims and those of the Radical Republicans, demonstrating that without Lincoln's support Sumner and his colleagues could never have accomplished their ends—and that without their help Lincoln might not have succeeded in crushing the rebellion and putting an end to the slavery. And he argues that by 1865 Lincoln's Reconstruction policies were nearing those of the Radicals and that, had he lived, they would not have broken with him as they did with his successor. Lincoln's assassination left the Radicals with no means to translate their demands into effective action. Their efforts to remake the South in such a way as to secure justice for the Negro brought them into conflict with President Johnson, in whose impeachment they played a leading role. Although they succeeded in initiating congressional Reconstruction and adding the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to the Constitution, the Radicals lost power after the failure of the Johnson impeachment. Mr. Trefousse shows how, despite their declining influence throughout the 1870s, their accomplishments helped make possible—a century later—the resumption of the struggle for civil rights. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Black Reconstruction in America W. E. B. Du Bois, 2013-02-07 Originally published in 1935 by Harcourt, Brace and Co. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The Wars of Reconstruction Douglas R. Egerton, 2014-01-21 A groundbreaking new history, telling the stories of hundreds of African-American activists and officeholders who risked their lives for equality-in the face of murderous violence-in the years after the Civil War. By 1870, just five years after Confederate surrender and thirteen years after the Dred Scott decision ruled blacks ineligible for citizenship, Congressional action had ended slavery and given the vote to black men. That same year, Hiram Revels and Joseph Hayne Rainey became the first African-American U.S. senator and congressman respectively. In South Carolina, only twenty years after the death of arch-secessionist John C. Calhoun, a black man, Jasper J. Wright, took a seat on the state's Supreme Court. Not even the most optimistic abolitionists thought such milestones would occur in their lifetimes. The brief years of Reconstruction marked the United States' most progressive moment prior to the civil rights movement. Previous histories of Reconstruction have focused on Washington politics. But in this sweeping, prodigiously researched narrative, Douglas Egerton brings a much bigger, even more dramatic story into view, exploring state and local politics and tracing the struggles of some fifteen hundred African-American officeholders, in both the North and South, who fought entrenched white resistance. Tragically, their movement was met by ruthless violence-not just riotous mobs, but also targeted assassination. With stark evidence, Egerton shows that Reconstruction, often cast as a “failure” or a doomed experiment, was rolled back by murderous force. The Wars of Reconstruction is a major and provocative contribution to American history. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: U.S. History P. Scott Corbett, Volker Janssen, John M. Lund, Todd Pfannestiel, Sylvie Waskiewicz, Paul Vickery, 2024-09-10 U.S. History is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of most introductory courses. The text provides a balanced approach to U.S. history, considering the people, events, and ideas that have shaped the United States from both the top down (politics, economics, diplomacy) and bottom up (eyewitness accounts, lived experience). U.S. History covers key forces that form the American experience, with particular attention to issues of race, class, and gender. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Ways and Means Roger Lowenstein, 2022-03-08 “Captivating . . . [Lowenstein] makes what subsequently occurred at Treasury and on Wall Street during the early 1860s seem as enthralling as what transpired on the battlefield or at the White House.” —Harold Holzer, Wall Street Journal “Ways and Means, an account of the Union’s financial policies, examines a subject long overshadowed by military narratives . . . Lowenstein is a lucid stylist, able to explain financial matters to readers who lack specialized knowledge.” —Eric Foner, New York Times Book Review From renowned journalist and master storyteller Roger Lowenstein, a revelatory financial investigation into how Lincoln and his administration used the funding of the Civil War as the catalyst to centralize the government and accomplish the most far-reaching reform in the country’s history Upon his election to the presidency, Abraham Lincoln inherited a country in crisis. Even before the Confederacy’s secession, the United States Treasury had run out of money. The government had no authority to raise taxes, no federal bank, no currency. But amid unprecedented troubles Lincoln saw opportunity—the chance to legislate in the centralizing spirit of the “more perfect union” that had first drawn him to politics. With Lincoln at the helm, the United States would now govern “for” its people: it would enact laws, establish a currency, raise armies, underwrite transportation and higher education, assist farmers, and impose taxes for them. Lincoln believed this agenda would foster the economic opportunity he had always sought for upwardly striving Americans, and which he would seek in particular for enslaved Black Americans. Salmon Chase, Lincoln’s vanquished rival and his new secretary of the Treasury, waged war on the financial front, levying taxes and marketing bonds while desperately battling to contain wartime inflation. And while the Union and Rebel armies fought increasingly savage battles, the Republican-led Congress enacted a blizzard of legislation that made the government, for the first time, a powerful presence in the lives of ordinary Americans. The impact was revolutionary. The activist 37th Congress legislated for homesteads and a transcontinental railroad and involved the federal government in education, agriculture, and eventually immigration policy. It established a progressive income tax and created the greenback—paper money. While the Union became self-sustaining, the South plunged into financial free fall, having failed to leverage its cotton wealth to finance the war. Founded in a crucible of anticentralism, the Confederacy was trapped in a static (and slave-based) agrarian economy without federal taxing power or other means of government financing, save for its overworked printing presses. This led to an epic collapse. Though Confederate troops continued to hold their own, the North’s financial advantage over the South, where citizens increasingly went hungry, proved decisive; the war was won as much (or more) in the respective treasuries as on the battlefields. Roger Lowenstein reveals the largely untold story of how Lincoln used the urgency of the Civil War to transform a union of states into a nation. Through a financial lens, he explores how this second American revolution, led by Lincoln, his cabinet, and a Congress studded with towering statesmen, changed the direction of the country and established a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Cities of the World Stanley D. Brunn, Maureen Hays-Mitchell, Donald J. Zeigler, 2012 Remarkably, more than half of the world's population now lives in cities, and the numbers grow daily as people abandon rural areas. This fully updated and revised fifth edition of the classic text offers readers a comprehensive set of tools for understanding the urban landscape, and, by extension, the world's politics, cultures, and economies. Providing a sweeping overview of world urban geography, a group of noted experts explores the eleven major global regions. Each author presents the region's urban history, economy, culture, and society, as well as urban spatial models and problems and prospects. Environmental, human security, globalization, and cyberspace topics are fully developed as well. Vignettes of seventy-eight key cities give the reader a vivid understanding of daily life and the spirit of place. An introductory chapter presents an overview of key terms and concepts, and a concluding chapter projects the world's urban future. Liberally illustrated with a new selection of photographs, maps, and diagrams, the text also includes a rich array of textboxes to highlight key topics ranging from gender and the city to Islamic fashion and global warming. Bibliographic sources, websites, and an appendix of UN data provide additional resources for helping students understand more about the urban world. Clearly written and timely, Cities of the World will be invaluable for those teaching introductory or advanced classes on global cities, regional geography, and urban studies. Contributions by: Amal K. Ali, Lisa Benton-Short, Alana Boland, Tim Brothers, Stanley D. Brunn, Kam Wing Chan, Ipsita Chatterjee, Megan Dixon, Robyn Dowling, Ashok K. Dutt, Irma Escamilla, Rina Ghose, Brian J. Godfrey, Mark Graham, Angela Gray-Subulwa, Jessica K. Graybill, Maureen Hays-Mitchell, Corey Johnson, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Linda McCarthy, Pauline McGuirk, Garth A. Myers, Arnisson Andre Ortega, Francis Owusu, George M. Pomeroy, Joseph L. Scarpaci, Dona J. Stewart, James A. Tyner, and Donald J. Zeigler. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The Facts of Reconstruction John Roy Lynch, 1913 |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Rediscovering the Dead Sea Scrolls Maxine L. Grossman, 2010-06-28 Fifteen respected DSS scholars representing diverse perspectives offer here a window into the scholarly study of these ancient texts. Rediscovering the Dead Sea Scrolls introduces readers to a wide range of established and experimental treatments of the Scrolls, including paleography, archaeology, manuscript analysis, and a variety of literary, historical, and social scientific approaches. The authors provide not only an introduction to a given approach but also a more self-reflective assessment of the limits of their approaches and the potential pitfalls associated with them.--From publisher description. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Cities and Nature Lisa Benton-Short, John Rennie Short, 2013-05-29 Cities and Nature connects environmental processes with social and political actions. The book reconnects science and social science to demonstrate how the city is part of the environment and how it is subject to environmental constraints and opportunities. This second edition has been extensively revised and updated with in-depth examination of theory and critical themes. Greater discussion is given to urbanization trends and megacities; the post-industrial city and global economic changes; developing cities and slums; urban political ecology; the role of the city in climate change; and sustainability. The book explores the historical relationship between cities and nature, contemporary challenges to this relationship, and attempts taken to create more sustainable cities. The historical context situates urban development and its impact on the environment, and in turn the environmental impact on people in cities. This provides a foundation from which to understand contemporary issues, such as urban political ecology, hazards and disasters, water quality and supply, air pollution and climate change. The book then considers sustainability and how it has been informed by different theoretical approaches. Issues of environmental justice and the role of gender and race are explored. The final chapter examines the ways in which cities are practicing sustainability, from light greening efforts such as planting trees, to more comprehensive sustainability plans that integrate the multiple dimensions of sustainability. The text contains case studies from around the globe, with many drawn from cities in the developing world, as well as reviews of recent research, updated and expanded further reading to highlight relevant films, websites and journal articles. This book is an asset to students and researchers in geography, environmental studies, urban studies and planning and sustainability. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology Michael G. Newman, Henry Takei, Perry R. Klokkevold, Fermin A. Carranza, 2011-02-14 The most widely used periodontics text, Carranza's Clinical Periodontology provides both print and online access to basic procedures as well as the latest in advanced procedures and techniques in reconstructive, esthetic, and implant therapy. Not only does this book show how to do periodontal procedures, it describes how to best manage the outcomes and explains the evidence supporting each treatment. Written by leading experts Michael Newman, Henry Takei, Perry Klokkevold, and Fermin Carranza, along with a pool of international contributors, this edition also discusses the close connection between oral health and systemic disease. A new Expert Consult website includes the entire, fully searchable contents of the book, and takes learning to a whole new level with content updates, videos, a drug database, and much more. Comprehensive coverage describes all aspects of periodontics in a single volume, including periodontal pathology, the etiology of periodontal diseases, the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health, treatment of periodontal diseases, oral implantology, supportive treatment, and ethics, legal, and practical matters. Problem-solving, scenario-based learning opportunities use well-documented case reports to help you learn both basic and advanced procedures and techniques. 'Speed to competence' is enhanced with access to print, online, and mobile platforms. A unique approach combines evidence-based decision-making, science transfer, and classification/nomenclature throughout every chapter. A one-of-a-kind Genetic Factors and Periodontal Disease chapter examines the role of genetic factors in gum disease. In-depth information serves as an excellent foundation in preparing for the National Board Dental Exam. Expert Consult website offers fast, reliable online access to advanced material, videos, an image collection, a drug database, interactive flash cards, multiple-choice test questions, interactive references, and Pathology Consult -- plus, the entire contents of the book are fully searchable. Find core information in the book; additional, advanced information is provided online. Consult your book from any computer, anywhere in the world, for the entire life of this edition. Keep current with regular updates of the latest periodontal news and information. Follow links from biographical citations to the corresponding MEDLINE abstracts. See a comprehensive library of pathology photos. Coverage of the latest advances includes the emerging link between periodontal disease and systemic health. Full-color illustrations depict the newest developments in surgical technology. A new Multidisciplinary Approach to Dental and Periodontal Problems chapter discusses the importance of collaborative care in the practice of periodontics. Etiology of Periodontal Diseases (Part 4) provides a more comprehensive background in periodontal anatomy, physiology, and pathogenesis. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The Revolution that Failed Adam Fairclough, 2018-02-09 A masterful and revelatory examination of Reconstruction populated by a cast of compelling characters who leap to life in all their glory, gore, and pathos.--Lawrence N. Powell, author of The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans Illuminates a complex period, city, and state and advances a reinterpretation of Reconstruction politics that is both welcome and overdue.--Paul D. Escott, author of Uncommonly Savage: Civil War and Remembrance in Spain and the United States The chaotic years after the Civil War are often seen as a time of uniquely American idealism--a revolutionary attempt to rebuild the nation that paved the way for the civil rights movement of the twentieth century. But Adam Fairclough rejects this prevailing view, challenging prominent historians such as Eric Foner and James McPherson. He argues that Reconstruction was, quite simply, a disaster, and that the civil rights movement triumphed despite it, not because of it. Fairclough takes readers to Natchitoches, Louisiana, a majority-black parish deep in the cotton South. Home to a vibrant Republican Party led by former slaves, ex-Confederates, and free people of color, the parish was a bastion of Republican power and the ideal place for Reconstruction to have worked. Yet although it didn’t experience the extremes of violence that afflicted the surrounding region, Natchitoches fell prey to Democratic intimidation. Its Republican leaders were eventually driven out of the parish. Reconstruction failed, Fairclough argues, because the federal government failed to enforce the rights it had created. Congress had given the Republicans of the South and the Freedmen’s Bureau an impossible task--to create a new democratic order based on racial equality in an area tortured by deep-rooted racial conflict. Moving expertly between a profound local study and wider developments in Washington, The Revolution That Failed offers a sobering perspective on how Reconstruction affected African American citizens and what its long-term repercussions were for the nation. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The Intellectual Devotional: American History David S. Kidder, Noah D. Oppenheim, 2007-10-16 Modeled after those bedside books of prayer and contemplation that millions turn to for daily spiritual guidance and growth, the national bestseller The Intellectual Devotional—offering secular wisdom and cerebral nourishment—drew a year's worth of readings from seven different fields of knowledge. In The Intellectual Devotional: American History, authors David S. Kidder and Noah D. Oppenheim have turned to the rich legacy of American history for their selections. From Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin to Martin Luther King Jr., from the Federalist Papers to Watergate, the giant figures, cultural touchstones, and pivotal events in our national heritage provide a bountiful source of reflection and education that will refresh knowledge, revitalize the mind, and open new horizons of intellectual discovery. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The Transformative Classroom Douglas Yacek, 2021-05-24 Transformative approaches to teaching and learning have become ubiquitous in education today. Researchers, practitioners and commentators alike often claim that a truly worthwhile education should transform learners in a profound and enduring way. But what exactly does it mean to be so transformed? What should teachers be transforming students into? Should they really attempt to transform students at all? The Transformative Classroom engages with these questions left open by the vast discussion of transformative education, providing a synthetic overview and critique of some of the most influential approaches today. In doing so, the book offers a new theory of transformative education that focuses on awakening and facilitating students’ aspiration. Drawing on important insights from ethics, psychology, and the philosophy of education, the book provides both conceptual clarity and concrete practical guidance to teachers who hope to create a transformative classroom. This book will be of great interest for academics, K-12 teachers, researchers and students in the fields of curriculum and instruction, teaching and learning, adult education, social justice education, educational theory and philosophy of education. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Make Good the Promises Kinshasha Holman Conwill, Paul Gardullo, 2021-09-14 The companion volume to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture exhibit, opening in September 2021 With a Foreword by Pulitzer Prize-winning author and historian Eric Foner and a preface by veteran museum director and historian Spencer Crew An incisive and illuminating analysis of the enduring legacy of the post-Civil War period known as Reconstruction—a comprehensive story of Black Americans’ struggle for human rights and dignity and the failure of the nation to fulfill its promises of freedom, citizenship, and justice. In the aftermath of the Civil War, millions of free and newly freed African Americans were determined to define themselves as equal citizens in a country without slavery—to own land, build secure families, and educate themselves and their children. Seeking to secure safety and justice, they successfully campaigned for civil and political rights, including the right to vote. Across an expanding America, Black politicians were elected to all levels of government, from city halls to state capitals to Washington, DC. But those gains were short-lived. By the mid-1870s, the federal government stopped enforcing civil rights laws, allowing white supremacists to use suppression and violence to regain power in the Southern states. Black men, women, and children suffered racial terror, segregation, and discrimination that confined them to second-class citizenship, a system known as Jim Crow that endured for decades. More than a century has passed since the revolutionary political, social, and economic movement known as Reconstruction, yet its profound consequences reverberate in our lives today. Make Good the Promises explores five distinct yet intertwined legacies of Reconstruction—Liberation, Violence, Repair, Place, and Belief—to reveal their lasting impact on modern society. It is the story of Frederick Douglass, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Hiram Revels, Ida B. Wells, and scores of other Black men and women who reshaped a nation—and of the persistence of white supremacy and the perpetuation of the injustices of slavery continued by other means and codified in state and federal laws. With contributions by leading scholars, and illustrated with 80 images from the exhibition, Make Good the Promises shows how Black Lives Matter, #SayHerName, antiracism, and other current movements for repair find inspiration from the lessons of Reconstruction. It touches on questions critical then and now: What is the meaning of freedom and equality? What does it mean to be an American? Powerful and eye-opening, it is a reminder that history is far from past; it lives within each of us and shapes our world and who we are. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Nuclear Medicine Physics Joao Jose De Lima, 2016-04-19 Edited by a renowned international expert in the field, Nuclear Medicine Physics offers an up-to-date, state-of-the-art account of the physics behind the theoretical foundation and applications of nuclear medicine. It covers important physical aspects of the methods and instruments involved in modern nuclear medicine, along with related biological |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Slavery by Another Name Douglas A. Blackmon, 2012-10-04 A Pulitzer Prize-winning history of the mistreatment of black Americans. In this 'precise and eloquent work' - as described in its Pulitzer Prize citation - Douglas A. Blackmon brings to light one of the most shameful chapters in American history - an 'Age of Neoslavery' that thrived in the aftermath of the Civil War through the dawn of World War II. Using a vast record of original documents and personal narratives, Blackmon unearths the lost stories of slaves and their descendants who journeyed into freedom after the Emancipation Proclamation and then back into the shadow of involuntary servitude thereafter. By turns moving, sobering and shocking, this unprecedented account reveals these stories, the companies that profited the most from neoslavery, and the insidious legacy of racism that reverberates today. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: David Gorlaeus (1591-1612) Christoph Lüthy, 2012-04-01 When David Gorlaeus (1591-1612) passed away at 21 years of age, he left behind two highly innovative manuscripts. Once they were published, his work had a remarkable impact on the evolution of seventeenth-century thought. However, as his identity was unknown, divergent interpretations of their meaning quickly sprang up. Seventeenth-century readers understood him as an anti-Aristotelian thinker and as a precursor of Descartes. Twentieth-century historians depicted him as an atomist, natural scientist and even as a chemist. And yet, when Gorlaeus died, he was a beginning student in theology. His thought must in fact be placed at the intersection between philosophy, the nascent natural sciences, and theology. The aim of this book is to shed light on Gorlaeus’ family circumstances, his education at Franeker and Leiden, and on the virulent Arminian crisis which provided the context within which his work was written. It also attempts to define Gorlaeus’ place in the history of Dutch philosophy and to assess the influence that it exercised in the evolution of philosophy and science, and notably in early Cartesian circles. Christoph Lüthy is professor of the history of philosophy and science at Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Forever Free Eric Foner, 2013-06-26 From one of our most distinguished historians, a new examination of the vitally important years of Emancipation and Reconstruction during and immediately following the Civil War–a necessary reconsideration that emphasizes the era’s political and cultural meaning for today’s America. In Forever Free, Eric Foner overturns numerous assumptions growing out of the traditional understanding of the period, which is based almost exclusively on white sources and shaped by (often unconscious) racism. He presents the period as a time of determination, especially on the part of recently emancipated black Americans, to put into effect the principles of equal rights and citizenship for all. Drawing on a wide range of long-neglected documents, he places a new emphasis on the centrality of the black experience to an understanding of the era. We see African Americans as active agents in overthrowing slavery, in helping win the Civil War, and–even more actively–in shaping Reconstruction and creating a legacy long obscured and misunderstood. Foner makes clear how, by war’s end, freed slaves in the South built on networks of church and family in order to exercise their right of suffrage as well as gain access to education, land, and employment. He shows us that the birth of the Ku Klux Klan and renewed acts of racial violence were retaliation for the progress made by blacks soon after the war. He refutes lingering misconceptions about Reconstruction, including the attribution of its ills to corrupt African American politicians and “carpetbaggers,” and connects it to the movements for civil rights and racial justice. Joshua Brown’s illustrated commentary on the era’s graphic art and photographs complements the narrative. He offers a unique portrait of how Americans envisioned their world and time. Forever Free is an essential contribution to our understanding of the events that fundamentally reshaped American life after the Civil War–a persuasive reading of history that transforms our sense of the era from a time of failure and despair to a threshold of hope and achievement. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World Junius P. Rodriguez, 2015-03-26 The struggle to abolish slavery is one of the grandest quests - and central themes - of modern history. These movements for freedom have taken many forms, from individual escapes, violent rebellions, and official proclamations to mass organizations, decisive social actions, and major wars. Every emancipation movement - whether in Europe, Africa, or the Americas - has profoundly transformed the country and society in which it existed. This unique A-Z encyclopedia examines every effort to end slavery in the United States and the transatlantic world. It focuses on massive, broad-based movements, as well as specific incidents, events, and developments, and pulls together in one place information previously available only in a wide variety of sources. While it centers on the United States, the set also includes authoritative accounts of emancipation and abolition in Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. The Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition provides definitive coverage of one of the most significant experiences in human history. It features primary source documents, maps, illustrations, cross-references, a comprehensive chronology and bibliography, and specialized indexes in each volume, and covers a wide range of individuals and the major themes and ideas that motivated them to confront and abolish slavery. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology - E-Book Chini Doraiswami Dwarakanath, 2016-08-19 The book comes with complimentary access to enhanced e-book with additional reads on: - The Historical Background of Periodontology - Molecular Biology of Host-Microbe Interactions - Gingival Disease in Childhood - Desquamative Gingivitis - Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis - Masticatory System Disorders that Influence the Periodontium - Sleep-Disordered Breathing - Significance of Clinical and Biologic Information - Conscious Sedation - Periodontal Therapy in the Female Patient - Periodontal Treatment for Older Adults - Occlusal Evaluation and Therapy - Multidisciplinary Approach to Dental and Periodontal Problems - Results of Periodontal Treatment - Atlas of Periodontal Diseases - Electronic Dental Records and Decision Support Systems - Locally Delivered, Controlled-Release Antimicrobials: Drug Development and Clinical Research |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Official Gazette Philippines, 1990 |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Problems of Typological and Genetic Linguistics Viewed in a Generative Framework Henrik Birnbaum, 2018-11-05 No detailed description available for Problems of Typological and Genetic Linguistics Viewed in a Generative Framework. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Code of Federal Regulations United States. Internal Revenue Service, 1998 Special edition of the Federal register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect as of April 1 ... with ancillaries. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: United States Code United States, 1953 |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Financial Accounting Ashok Banerjee, 2009 Management Accounting has two broad branches Financial Accounting and Cost Accounting. This book covers the first aspect of Management Accounting. Financial Accounting A Managerial Emphasis seeks to delve deep into all the aspects of Financial Accounting from a manager s perspective. The objective is to present the concepts, applications and practices of Financial Accounting in such a manner that even those readers having no prior exposure to the subject can understand its theory and practice. A manager is more interested in understanding various elements in financial statements and thereby being able to analyze and interpret the financial health of a business entity on the basis of financial statements. This apart, readers will also become thoroughly acquainted with the financial disclosure practices followed in India.The highlights of the book are discussions on:l Accounting Standards in India l Understanding Published Financial Statements l Inventory Valuation and Depreciation Accounting l Cash Flow Reporting and Interpretation l Financial Statements Analysis l Intra-firm and Inter-firm Comparisons l Consolidated Financial Statements l Valuation Techniques l Accounting for Amalgamations l Selected Solved and Unsolved Cases New to the Second Editionl Financial Statements Analysis by Banks l Investment Accounting for Banks l Accounting for Share buyback l ESOP Accounting |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Code of Federal Regulations , 1992 Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Congressional Record United States. Congress, 2002 |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: ADVANCED ACCOUNTING - D. CHANDRA BOSE, A sequel to the author's Advanced Accounting-Volume I, this comprehensive and student-friendly book covers the multifarious aspects of accounting, ranging from partnership accounts, company accounts to bonus issue, rights issue, underwriting, and preference share redemption. The text focuses, in particular, on the accounts of banking and insurance companies. It also covers accounts with reference to incorporation and internal reconstruction of companies as well as amalgamation, absorption and external reconstruction of companies. A large number of illustrations and worked-out examples are provided to make the students understand the concepts better. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America , 2003 The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Federal Legislation and Rules and Regulations Relating to Highway Construction United States, 1936 |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Federal Legislation and Regulations Relating to the Improvement of Federal-aid Roads and National-forest Roads and Trails, Flood Relief, and Miscellaneous Matters United States. Bureau of Public Roads, 1930 |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Federal Legislation and Regulations Relating to Highway Construction, Through July 1947 United States, United States. Public Roads Administration, 1948 |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Grammatical Replication and Borrowability in Language Contact Björn Wiemer, Bernhard Wälchli, Björn Hansen, 2012-07-04 The volume presents new insights into two basic theoretical issues hotly debated in recent work on grammaticalization and language contact: grammatical replication and grammatical borrowability. The key issues are: How can grammatical replication be distinguished from other, superficially similar processes of contact-induced linguistic change, and under what conditions does it take place? Are there grammatical morphemes or constructions that are more easily borrowed than others, and how can language contact account for areal biases in the borrowing (vs. calquing) of grammatical formatives? The book is a major contribution to the ongoing theoretical discussion concerning the relationship between grammaticalization and language contact on a broad empirical basis. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The Radical and the Republican James Oakes, 2007 Opponents at first, Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln gradually became allies, each influenced by and attracted to the other. James Oakes brings these two iconic figures to life and sheds new light on the central issues of slavery, race and equality in Civil War America. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Publications in Archeology , 1974 |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Moving Image Technology Leo Douglas Graham Enticknap, 2005 The author explains scientific, technical and engineering concepts clearly and in a way that can be understood by non-scientists. He integrates a discussion of traditional, film-based technologies with the impact of emerging 'new media' technologies such as digital video, e-cinema and the Internet. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama Walter Lynwood Fleming, 1905 Describes the society and the institutions that went down during the Civil War and Reconstruction and the internal conditions of Alabama during the war. Emphasizes the social and economic problems in the general situation, as well as the educational, religious, and industrial aspects of the period. |
| the term reconstruction refers to the: The New Europe Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 1918 |
term - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jun 3, 2025 · tèrm (plural term-term) (linguistics, rare) Synonym of istilah (“ term, of word etc. ”) term (the subject or the predicate of a proposition) term (duration of a set length, period in …
TERM Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of TERM is a word or expression that has a precise meaning in some uses or is peculiar to a science, art, profession, or subject. How to use term in a sentence.
TERM | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
TERM definition: 1. the fixed period of time that something lasts for: 2. one of the periods into which a year is…. Learn more.
Term - definition of term by The Free Dictionary
term (tûrm) n. 1. A limited or established period of time that something is supposed to last, as a school or court session, tenure in public office, or a prison sentence. 2. a. A point in time at …
TERM definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
13 meanings: 1. a name, expression, or word used for some particular thing, esp in a specialized field of knowledge 2. any word.... Click for more definitions.
What does TERM mean? - Definitions.net
Definition of TERM in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of TERM. What does TERM mean? Information and translations of TERM in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions …
Term Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Term definition: A limited or established period of time that something is supposed to last, as a school or court session, tenure in public office, or a prison sentence.
term - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
term - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. All Free.
Term Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
TERM meaning: 1 : a word or phrase that has an exact meaning; 2 : the particular kinds of words used to describe someone or something
term | meaning of term in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary …
From Longman Business Dictionary term term 1 / tɜːmtɜːrm / noun 1 [countable] a word or expression that has a particular meaning, especially in a technical or scientific subject a …
term - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jun 3, 2025 · tèrm (plural term-term) (linguistics, rare) Synonym of istilah (“ term, of word etc. ”) term (the subject or the predicate of a proposition) term (duration of a set length, period in …
TERM Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of TERM is a word or expression that has a precise meaning in some uses or is peculiar to a science, art, profession, or subject. How to use term in a sentence.
TERM | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
TERM definition: 1. the fixed period of time that something lasts for: 2. one of the periods into which a year is…. Learn more.
Term - definition of term by The Free Dictionary
term (tûrm) n. 1. A limited or established period of time that something is supposed to last, as a school or court session, tenure in public office, or a prison sentence. 2. a. A point in time at …
TERM definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
13 meanings: 1. a name, expression, or word used for some particular thing, esp in a specialized field of knowledge 2. any word.... Click for more definitions.
What does TERM mean? - Definitions.net
Definition of TERM in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of TERM. What does TERM mean? Information and translations of TERM in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions …
Term Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Term definition: A limited or established period of time that something is supposed to last, as a school or court session, tenure in public office, or a prison sentence.
term - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
term - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. All Free.
Term Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
TERM meaning: 1 : a word or phrase that has an exact meaning; 2 : the particular kinds of words used to describe someone or something
term | meaning of term in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary …
From Longman Business Dictionary term term 1 / tɜːmtɜːrm / noun 1 [countable] a word or expression that has a particular meaning, especially in a technical or scientific subject a …
