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| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 Richard M. Eaton, 2023-07-28 In all of the South Asian subcontinent, Bengal was the region most receptive to the Islamic faith. This area today is home to the world's second-largest Muslim ethnic population. How and why did such a large Muslim population emerge there? And how does such a religious conversion take place? Richard Eaton uses archaeological evidence, monuments, narrative histories, poetry, and Mughal administrative documents to trace the long historical encounter between Islamic and Indic civilizations. Moving from the year 1204, when Persianized Turks from North India annexed the former Hindu states of the lower Ganges delta, to 1760, when the British East India Company rose to political dominance there, Eaton explores these moving frontiers, focusing especially on agrarian growth and religious change. In all of the South Asian subcontinent, Bengal was the region most receptive to the Islamic faith. This area today is home to the world's second-largest Muslim ethnic population. How and why did such a large Muslim population emerge there? And how does su |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 Richard Maxwell Eaton, 1999 |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: A History of Bangladesh Willem van Schendel, 2009-02-12 Bangladesh is a new name for an old land whose history is little known to the wider world. A country chiefly famous in the West for media images of poverty, underdevelopment, and natural disasters, Bangladesh did not exist as an independent state until 1971. Willem van Schendel's history reveals the country's vibrant, colourful past and its diverse culture as it navigates the extraordinary twists and turns that have created modern Bangladesh. The story begins with the early geological history of the delta which has decisively shaped Bangladesh society. The narrative then moves chronologically through the era of colonial rule, the partition of Bengal, the war with Pakistan and the birth of Bangladesh as an independent state. In so doing, it reveals the forces that have made Bangladesh what it is today. This is an eloquent introduction to a fascinating country and its resilient and inventive people. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Muhammad Avatāra Ayesha A. Irani, 2020-12-18 In The Muhammad Avatara, Ayesha Irani offers an examination of the Nabivamsa, the first epic work on the Prophet Muhammad written in Bangla. This little-studied seventeenth-century text, written by Saiyad Sultan, is a literary milestone in the multi-ethnic, multi-cultural history of Islam, and marks a significant contribution not only to Bangla's rich literary corpus, but also to our understanding of Islam's localization in Indic culture in the early modern period. That Sufis such as Saiyad Sultan played a central role in Islam's spread in Bengal has been demonstrated primarily through examination of medieval Persian literary, ethnographic, and historical sources, as well as colonial-era data. Islamic Bangla texts themselves, which emerged from the sixteenth century, remain scarcely studied outside the Bangladeshi academy, and almost entirely untranslated. Yet these premodern works, which articulate Islamic ideas in a regional language, represent a literary watershed and underscore the efforts of rebel writers across South Asia, many of whom were Sufis, to defy the linguistic cordon of the Muslim elite and the hegemony of Arabic and Persian as languages of Islamic discourse. Irani explores how an Arabian prophet and his religion came to inhabit the seventeenth-century Bengali landscape, and the role that pir-authors, such as Saiyad Sultan, played in the rooting of Islam in Bengal's easternmost regions. This text-critical study lays bare the sophisticated strategies of translation used by a prominent early modern Muslim Bengali intellectual to invite others to his faith. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment Ahmet T. Kuru, 2019-08-01 Why do Muslim-majority countries exhibit high levels of authoritarianism and low levels of socio-economic development in comparison to world averages? Ahmet T. Kuru criticizes explanations which point to Islam as the cause of this disparity, because Muslims were philosophically and socio-economically more developed than Western Europeans between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Nor was Western colonialism the cause: Muslims had already suffered political and socio-economic problems when colonization began. Kuru argues that Muslims had influential thinkers and merchants in their early history, when religious orthodoxy and military rule were prevalent in Europe. However, in the eleventh century, an alliance between orthodox Islamic scholars (the ulema) and military states began to emerge. This alliance gradually hindered intellectual and economic creativity by marginalizing intellectual and bourgeois classes in the Muslim world. This important study links its historical explanation to contemporary politics by showing that, to this day, ulema-state alliance still prevents creativity and competition in Muslim countries. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 Richard Maxwell Eaton, 1993 In all of the South Asian subcontinent, Bengal was the region most receptive to the Islamic faith. This area today is home to the world's second-largest Muslim ethnic population. How and why did such a large Muslim population emerge there? And how does such a religious conversion take place? Richard Eaton uses archaeological evidence, monuments, narrative histories, poetry, and Mughal administrative documents to trace the long historical encounter between Islamic and Indic civilizations. Moving from the year 1204, when Persianized Turks from North India annexed the former Hindu states of the lower Ganges delta, to 1760, when the British East India Company rose to political dominance there, Eaton explores these moving frontiers, focusing especially on agrarian growth and religious change. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Islam in South Asia in Practice Barbara D. Metcalf, 2009-09-08 This volume of Princeton Readings in Religions brings together the work of more than thirty scholars of Islam and Muslim societies in South Asia to create a rich anthology of primary texts that contributes to a new appreciation of the lived religious and cultural experiences of the world's largest population of Muslims. The thirty-four selections--translated from Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Bengali, Tamil, Gujarati, Hindavi, Dakhani, and other languages--highlight a wide variety of genres, many rarely found in standard accounts of Islamic practice, from oral narratives to elite guidance manuals, from devotional songs to secular judicial decisions arbitrating Islamic law, and from political posters to a discussion among college women affiliated with an Islamist organization. Drawn from premodern texts, modern pamphlets, government and organizational archives, new media, and contemporary fieldwork, the selections reflect the rich diversity of Islamic belief and practice in South Asia. Each reading is introduced with a brief contextual note from its scholar-translator, and Barbara Metcalf introduces the whole volume with a substantial historical overview. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier A. Asa Eger, 2014-11-18 The retreat of the Byzantine army from Syria in around 650 CE, in advance of the approaching Arab armies, is one that has resounded emphatically in the works of both Islamic and Christian writers, and created an enduring motif: that of the Islamic-Byzantine frontier. For centuries, Byzantine and Islamic scholars have evocatively sketched a contested border: the annual raids between the two, the line of fortified fortresses defending Islamic lands, the no-man's land in between and the birth of jihad. In their early representations of a Muslim-Christian encounter, accounts of the Islamic-Byzantine frontier are charged with significance for a future 'clash of civilizations' that often envisions a polarised world. A. Asa Eger examines the two aspects of this frontier: its physical and ideological ones. By highlighting the archaeological study of the real and material frontier, as well as acknowledging its ideological military and religious implications, he offers a more complex vision of this dividing line than has been traditionally disseminated. With analysis grounded in archaeological evidence as well the relevant historical texts, Eger brings together a nuanced exploration of this vital element of medieval history. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: India in the Persianate Age Richard M. Eaton, 2019-07-25 SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2020 CUNDILL HISTORY PRIZE 'Remarkable ... this brilliant book stands as an important monument to an almost forgotten world' William Dalrymple, Spectator A sweeping, magisterial new history of India from the middle ages to the arrival of the British The Indian subcontinent might seem a self-contained world. Protected by vast mountains and seas, it has created its own religions, philosophies and social systems. And yet this ancient land experienced prolonged and intense interaction with the peoples and cultures of East and Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa and, especially, Central Asia and the Iranian plateau between the eleventh and eighteenth centuries. Richard M. Eaton's wonderful new book tells this extraordinary story with relish and originality. His major theme is the rise of 'Persianate' culture - a many-faceted transregional world informed by a canon of texts that circulated through ever-widening networks across much of Asia. Introduced to India in the eleventh century by dynasties based in eastern Afghanistan, this culture would become thoroughly indigenized by the time of the great Mughals in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. This long-term process of cultural interaction and assimilation is reflected in India's language, literature, cuisine, attire, religion, styles of rulership and warfare, science, art, music, architecture, and more. The book brilliantly elaborates the complex encounter between India's Sanskrit culture - which continued to flourish and grow throughout this period - and Persian culture, which helped shape the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughal Empire and a host of regional states, and made India what it is today. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Persianate World Nile Green, 2019-04-09 A free open access ebook is available upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org. Persian is one of the great lingua francas of world history. Yet despite its recognition as a shared language across the Islamic world and beyond, its scope, impact, and mechanisms remain underexplored. A world historical inquiry into pre-modern cosmopolitanism, The Persianate World traces the reach and limits of Persian as a Eurasian language in a comprehensive survey of its geographical, literary, and social frontiers. From Siberia to Southeast Asia, and between London and Beijing, this book shows how Persian gained, maintained, and finally surrendered its status to imperial and vernacular competitors. Fourteen essays trace Persian’s interactions with Bengali, Chinese, Turkic, Punjabi, and other languages to identify the forces that extended “Persographia,” the domain of written Persian. Spanning the ages of expansion and contraction, The Persianate World offers a critical survey of both the supports and constraints of one of history’s key languages of global exchange. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Origin of the Musalmans of Bengal Khondkar Fuzli Rubbee, 1970 |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Case for Islamo-Christian Civilization Richard W. Bulliet, 2006-03-22 The 'clash of civilisations' so often talked about in connection with relations between the West and Arab nations is, argues Richard Bulliet, no more than dangerous sophistry based on misconceptions in American government. He sets out the common ground between Islam and Christianity. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Living Islam Magnus Marsden, 2005-12-19 Popular representations of Pakistan's North West Frontier have long featured simplistic images of tribal blood feuds, fanatical religion, and the seclusion of women. The rise to power of the radical Taliban regime in neighbouring Afghanistan enhanced the region's reputation as a place of anti-Western militancy. Magnus Marsden is an anthropologist who has immersed himself in the lives of the Frontier's villagers for more than ten years. His evocative study of the Chitral region challenges all these stereotypes. Through an exploration of the everyday experiences of both men and women, he shows that the life of a good Muslim in Chitral is above all a mindful life, enhanced by the creative force of poetry, dancing and critical debate. Challenging much that has been assumed about the Muslim world, this 2005 study makes a powerful contribution to the understanding of religion and politics both within and beyond the Muslim societies of southern Asia. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761 Richard M. Eaton, 2008-03-06 In this fascinating account of one of the least known parts of South Asia, Richard Eaton recounts the history of the Deccan plateau in southern India from the fourteenth century to the rise of European colonialism. He does so, vividly, through the lives of eight Indians who lived at different times during this period, and who each represented something particular about the Deccan. Their stories are woven together into a rich narrative tapestry, which illuminates the most important social processes of the Deccan across four centuries and provides a much-needed book by the most highly regarded scholar in the field. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Islamic Civilization in South Asia Burjor Avari, 2013 Muslims have been present in South Asia for 14 centuries. Nearly 40% of the people of this vast land mass follow the religion of Islam, and Muslim contribution to the cultural heritage of the sub-continent has been extensive. This textbook provides both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as the general reader, with a comprehensive account of the history of Islam in India, encompassing political, socio-economic, cultural and intellectual aspects. Using a chronological framework, the book discusses the main events in each period between c. 600 CE and the present day, along with the key social and cultural themes. It discusses a range of topics, including: How power was secured, and how was it exercised The crisis of confidence caused by the arrival of the West in the sub-continent How the Indo-Islamic synthesis in various facets of life and culture came about Excerpts at the end of each chapter allow for further discussion, and detailed maps alongside the text help visualise the changes through each time period. Introducing the reader to the issues concerning the Islamic past of South Asia, the book is a useful text for students and scholars of South Asian History and Religious Studies. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Islam and the Trajectory of Globalization Louay M. Safi, 2021-10-18 The book examines the growing tension between social movements that embrace egalitarian and inclusivist views of national and global politics, most notably classical liberalism, and those that advance social hierarchy and national exclusivism, such as neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and national populism. In exploring issues relating to tensions and conflicts around globalization, the book identifies historical patterns of convergence and divergence rooted in the monotheistic traditions, beginning with the ancient Israelites that dominated the Near East during the Axial age, through Islamic civilization, and finally by considering the idealism-realism tensions in modern times. One thing remained constant throughout the various historical stages that preceded our current moment of global convergence: a recurring tension between transcendental idealism and various forms of realism. Transcendental idealism, which prioritize egalitarian and universal values, pushed periodically against the forces of realism that privilege established law and power structure. Equipped with the idealism-realism framework, the book examines the consequences of European realism that justified the imperialistic venture into Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America in the name of liberation and liberalization. The ill-conceived strategy has, ironically, engendered the very dysfunctional societies that produce the waves of immigrants in constant motion from the South to the North, simultaneously as it fostered the social hierarchy that transfer external tensions into identity politics within the countries of the North. The book focuses particularly on the role played historically by Islamic rationalism in translating the monotheistic egalitarian outlook into the institutions of religious pluralism, legislative and legal autonomy, and scientific enterprise at the foundation of modern society. It concludes by shedding light on the significance of the Muslim presence in Western cultures as humanity draws slowly but consistently towards what we may come to recognize as the Global Age. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003203360, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Essays on Islam and Indian History Richard Maxwell Eaton, 2000 Spanning some twenty-five years of research and writing, the essays in this volume fall into two categories: historiography and Indo-Islamic civilization. The former deals with how historians structure and answer the questions they choose to ask of the past, the latter covers case studies of particular historical communities in India. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Sultans and Mosques Perween Hasan, 2024-01-25 Before the Mughal style came to dominate the Islamic architecture of the Indian sub-continent, Bengal and its rulers had developed their own forms. The mosque architecture of the Independent Sultanate period (from the 14th to the 16th centuries) represents the most important element of the Islamic architecture of Bengal. This distinctive regional style drew its inspiration from the indigenous vernacular architecture of Bengal, itself heavily influenced by Hindu/Buddhist temple architecture. The early Muslim architecture of Bangladesh is an important but little studied part of the architectural heritage of the Islamic world and the Indian sub-continent. Perween Hasan's work is a most original contribution to this subject. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Classical Age of Islam Marshall G.S. Hodgson, 2009-05-15 The Venture of Islam has been honored as a magisterial work of the mind since its publication in early 1975. In this three-volume study, illustrated with charts and maps, Hodgson traces and interprets the historical development of Islamic civilization from before the birth of Muhammad to the middle of the twentieth century. This work grew out of the famous course on Islamic civilization that Hodgson created and taught for many years at the University of Chicago. This is a nonpareil work, not only because of its command of its subject but also because it demonstrates how, ideally, history should be written.—The New Yorker Volume 1, The Classical Age of Islam, analyzes the world before Islam, Muhammad's challenge, and the early Muslim state between 625 and 692. Hodgson then discusses the classical civilization of the High Caliphate. The volume also contains a general introduction to the complete work and a foreword by Reuben Smith, who, as Hodgson's colleague and friend, finished the Venture of Islam after the author's death and saw it through to publication. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Cities of Medieval Iran , 2020-06-11 Cities of Medieval Iran brings together studies in urban geography, archaeology, and history of medieval Iranian cities, spanning the Islamic period until ca. 1500, but also the pre-Islamic situation. The cities and their inhabitants take centre stage, they are not just the places where something else happened. Urban actors are given priority over external factors. The contributions take a long-term perspective and thus take the interaction between urban centres and their hinterland into account. Many contributions come from history or archaeology, but new disciplines are also methodologically integrated into the study of medieval cities, such as the arts of the book, lexicography, geomorphology, and digital instruments. Contributors include Denise Aigle, Mehrdad Amanat, Jean Aubin, Richard W. Bulliet, Jamsheed K. Choksy, David Durand-Guédy, Etienne de la Vaissière, Majid Montazer Mahdi, Roy P. Mottahedeh, Jürgen Paul, Rocco Rante, Sarah Savant, Ali Shojai Esfahani, Donald Whitcomb and Daniel Zakrzewski. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Cambridge Companion to Sufism Lloyd Ridgeon, 2014-12-08 Sufism, the mystical or aesthetic doctrine in Islam, has occupied a very specific place in the Islamic tradition, with its own history, literature and devotional practices. Its development began in the seventh century and spread throughout the Islamic world. The Cambridge Companion to Sufism traces its evolution from the formative period to the present, addressing specific themes along the way within the context of the times. In a section discussing the early period, the devotional practices of the earliest Sufis are considered. The section on the medieval period, when Sufism was at its height, examines Sufi doctrines, different forms of mysticism and the antinomian expressions of Sufism. The section on the modern period explains the controversies that surrounded Sufism, the changes that took place in the colonial period and how Sufism transformed into a transnational movement in the twentieth century. This inimitable volume sheds light on a multifaceted and alternative aspect of Islamic history and religion. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism Benedikt Koehler, 2014 Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism proposes a strikingly original thesis; that capitalism first emerged in Arabia, not in late medieval Italian city states as is commonly assumed. Early Islam made a seminal but largely unrecognized contribution to the history of economic thought: it is the only religion founded by an entrepreneur. Descending from an elite dynasty of religious, civil and commercial leaders, Muhammad was a successful businessman before founding Islam. As such, the new religion had much to say on trade, consumer protection, business ethics and property. As Islam rapidly spread across the region so did the economic teachings of early Islam, which eventually made their way to Europe. Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism demonstrates how Islamic institutions and business practices were adopted and adapted in Venice and Genoa. These financial innovations include the invention of the corporation, business management techniques, commercial arithmetic, and monetary reform. There were other Islamic institutions assimilated in Europe: charities, the waqf, inspired trusts, and institutions of higher learning, the madrasas, were models for the oldest colleges of Oxford and Cambridge. As such it can be rightfully said that these essential aspects of capitalist thought all have Islamic antecedents. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Revival from Below Brannon D. Ingram, 2018-11-20 The Deoband movement—a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that quickly spread from colonial India to Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and even the United Kingdom and South Africa—has been poorly understood and sometimes feared. Despite being one of the most influential Muslim revivalist movements of the last two centuries, Deoband’s connections to the Taliban have dominated the attention it has received from scholars and policy-makers alike. Revival from Below offers an important corrective, reorienting our understanding of Deoband around its global reach, which has profoundly shaped the movement’s history. In particular, the author tracks the origins of Deoband’s controversial critique of Sufism, how this critique travelled through Deobandi networks to South Africa, as well as the movement’s efforts to keep traditionally educated Islamic scholars (`ulama) at the center of Muslim public life. The result is a nuanced account of this global religious network that argues we cannot fully understand Deoband without understanding the complex modalities through which it spread beyond South Asia. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Discourse and Politics of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Anwar Hussain Syed, 1992-01-01 This book examines the political career of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the controversial Prime Minister of Pakistan between 1971 and 1977. Anwar Syed discusses Bhutto's mass mobilization campaigns, his part in the dismemberment of the country, his management of domestic crises and his handling of the issues of war and peace with India. He also looks at Bhutto's ceaseless quest for personal power, his neglect of institutions where power might be housed, and his eventual removal from office. Professor Syed concludes that Bhutto's political discourse, his awakening of the people, and his concern for the poor--much more than his operational style as a ruler--are likely to be the durable aspects of his legacy to Pakistan.--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Madhumalati Manjhan, 2001-02-01 The mystical romance Madhumalati tells the story of a prince, Manohar, and his love for the beautiful princess Madhumalati. When they are separated they have to endure suffering, adventure, and transformation before they can be reunited and experience true happiness. A delightful love story, the poem is also rich in mystical symbolism and the story of the two lovers represents the stages on the spiritual path to enlightenment. Madhumalati was written in the sixteenth century and it is an outstanding example of Sufi literature in the Indian Islamic tradition. Originally written in a dialect of Eastern Hindi it is here translated for the first time into English verse, with an introduction and notes that explain the poem's religious significance. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Islamic Heritage of Bengal Unesco, 1984 |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Change And Continuity In Indian Sufism A Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Branch In The Hindu Environment Thomas Dahnhardt, 2007 Dr. Thomas Dahnhardt Deals With The Evolution Of The Indian Lineage Of The Naqshbandiyya _ Also Called Mujaddidiyya _ To Study The Spiritual Symbiosis Between The Hindu And Muslim Communities. He Surveys Various Masters Of The Tradition, The Establishment Of A New Khanaqah And The Emergence And Methodology Of The Hindu Offshoot Of The Mujaddidiyya Mazhariyya. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Muslim Endowments and Society in British India Gregory C. Kozlowski, 1985-11-21 Dr Kozlowski's important study pioneers a fresh approach to the study of a critical Muslim institution: the endowments or awqaf which almost everywhere in the Islamic world provide support for mosques, schools and shrines. The wealthier Muslims who establish endowments inevitably have an eye on social, political and economic conditions and have traditionally used awqaf as part of an effort to preserve their wealth and influence, especially in periods of change and uncertainty. The book focuses on the use of endowments by Muslims suffering the dislocations caused by the imposition of British rule in India and examines in detail the social and political implications of the controversy over endowments that took place in the imperial courts and councils. The author's observations and insights can be applied to many periods and places in the Muslim world and his novel approach will attract all those interested in the study of Islam. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Islam and Asia Chiara Formichi, 2020-05-07 An accessible, transregional exploration of how Islam and Asia have shaped each other's histories, societies and cultures from the seventh century to today. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Islam in South Asia Jamal Malik, 2020-04-06 Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition traces the roots and development of Muslim presence in South Asia. Trajectories of normative notions of state-building and the management of diversity are elaborated in four clusters, augmented by topical subjects in excursuses and annexes offering an array of Muslim voices. The enormous time span from 650 to 2019 provides for a comprehensive and plural canvas of the religious self-presentation of South Asian Muslims. Making use of the latest academic works and historical materials, including first-hand accounts ranging from official statements to poetry, Malik convincingly argues that these texts provide sufficient evidence to arrive at an interpretation of quite a different character. With major and substantial revisions, changes, abridgements and additions follow the academic literature produced during the last decades. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Economy of the Mughal Empire, C. 1595 Shireen Moosvi, 1987 Can the structure of the 15th-century Indian economy be analyzed on a quantified basis, as can a contemporary economy? Taking advantage of the immense amount of statistical material in the Ain-i Akbari, the great official compilation of the Mughal empire, this book revises the widely held views on a number of economic conditions of the day, and weighs general impressions against a rigorous analysis of properly quantified data. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Regional Cults Richard P. Werbner, 1977 |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Western Foundations of the Caste System Martin Fárek, Dunkin Jalki, Sufiya Pathan, Prakash Shah, 2017-07-07 This book argues that the dominant descriptions of the ‘caste system’ are rooted in the Western Christian experience of India. Thus, caste studies tell us more about the West than about India. It further demonstrates the imperative to move beyond this scholarship in order to generate descriptions of Indian social reality. The dominant descriptions of the ‘caste system’ that we have today are results of originally Christian themes and questions. The authors of this collection show how this hypothesis can be applied beyond South Asia to the diasporic cultures that have made a home in Western countries, and how the inheritance of caste studies as structured by European scholarship impacts on our understanding of contemporary India and the Indians of the diaspora. This collection will be of interest to scholars and students of caste studies, India studies, religion in South Asia, postcolonial studies, history, anthropology and sociology. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The History of Bengal Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Sir Jadunath Sarkar, 2004 |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Venture of Islam Marshall G. S. Hodgson, 1974 |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: India's Muslims Rafiuddin Ahmed, Barbara Daly Metcalf, 2007 In Islamic Revival in British India, Metcalf explains the response of ulama to the colonial dominance and the collapse of Muslim political power. The Bengal Muslims studies the creation of the Bengali Muslim identity through an examination of the religious literature known as puthis and raises doubts about the validity of any simple explanation. Legacy of a Divided Nation examines the origins of Muslim separatism under the British, the role of AMU and Jamia, and the state of Muslims in India after the Babri Masjid period Taken together, these three volumes create a comprehensive picture of the evolution of identities of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent. With these varied approaches to the subject brought together in the form of the Omnibus, the readers will benefit from the range of perspectives it offers. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700 Richard Maxwell Eaton, 2016-04-03 The Sufis were heirs to a tradition of Islamic mysticism, and they have generally been viewed as standing more or less apart from the social order. Professor Eaton contends to the contrary that the Sufis were an integral part of their society, and that an understanding of their interaction with it is essential to an understanding of the Sufis themselves. In investigating the Sufis of Bijapur in South India, (he author identifies three fundamental questions. What was the relationship, he asks, between the Sufis and Bijapur's 'ulama, the upholders of Islamic orthodoxy? Second, how did the Sufis relate to the Bijapur court? Finally, how did they interact with the non-Muslim population surrounding them, and how did they translate highly developed mystical traditions into terms meaningful to that population? In answering these questions, the author advances our knowledge of an important but little-studied city-state in medieval India. Originally published in 1978. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Power, Memory, Architecture Richard Maxwell Eaton, Phillip B. Wagoner, 2017-09-18 Chalukya emperors, Delhi sultans, 1000-1350 -- Temples and conquest, 1296-1500 -- Reviving the Chalukya imperium at sixteenth-century Vijayanagara -- Bijapur's revival of Chalukya imperium -- Shitab Khan and the restoration of Kakatiya cults and temples -- Qutb Shahi Warangal and the foundation of Hyderabad -- The military revolution in the Deccan -- The political functions of city gates. |
| the rise of islam and the bengal frontier: Historical Atlas of the Islamic World David Nicolle, 2004 This book provides a comprehensive description of Islam's long and dynamic history. |
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Jun 13, 2018 · 可能有些人看了还是不太懂，这里在说一下，除非明确定义，否则一般使用上，都默认杨氏模量就是弹性模量。
推荐个好用的ai文章润色? - 知乎
“The rapidly aging population has led to a dramatic rise in the prevalence of depression among the elderly” 中的 “has led to a dramatic rise” 可以改为 “has contributed to a significant …
任天堂 Switch 最值得购买的 40 款游戏推荐 - 知乎
《怪物猎人 rise》的体量还是有点小了，本以为官方会在半年内以 DLC 的形式，一直更新怪物，毕竟这种模式有《动森》珠玉在前。 没想 3.0 之后卡普空就开始摆烂了，尽更新些皮肤什么的。
Switch 游戏推荐｜游戏简评 | —— 独占篇 - 知乎
Apr 20, 2023 · 不过这个系统非常容易被敌人的战斗节奏打乱，想熟练的使出并不容易，比《怪物猎人rise》的居合要难得多，后者只需要熟悉怪物的动作就能成功，前者对输入的要求高太多 …
我在3dm下了个游戏 下完是一堆压缩包，怎么样才能合成游戏 我 …
Sep 23, 2020 · 知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎 …
rise的反义词是set还是fall？ - 知乎
rise的反义词是set还是fall？ - 知乎
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G？ - 知乎
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G。C盘已经飘红了。
《星球大战》系列的最佳观影顺序是什么？ - 知乎
11、《星球大战9：天行者崛起》（Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker）2019 二、但如果你是一个对电影观感要求较高，偏向于追求观影的感觉体验，喜欢更好的画面、更刺激的特效、更新奇 …
运放接成同相跟随器时，为何有些电路要在负反馈上增加一个电 …
这里，阶跃理解为rise time极其短，短到超过运放的slew rate。 同时，阶跃的变化电压大于0.7V（一个二极管导通压降） （3）就会发生，在某个很短瞬间，-端电压“ 没来得及 ”上升到 …
HDMI 规格详细整理！HDMI 2.0、2.1 差在哪? 选择哪个好？
Nov 13, 2022 · Sony BRAVIA KDL- 46X2500、KDL-40X2500是第一个上市的HDMI 1.3屏幕。（1080p支持新的xvYCC色彩标准, 36bits deep color） EPSON EMP-TW1000是第一个上市 …
弹性模量和杨氏模量有什么区别吗？ - 知乎
Jun 13, 2018 · 可能有些人看了还是不太懂，这里在说一下，除非明确定义，否则一般使用上，都默认杨氏模量就是弹性模量。
推荐个好用的ai文章润色? - 知乎
“The rapidly aging population has led to a dramatic rise in the prevalence of depression among the elderly” 中的 “has led to a dramatic rise” 可以改为 “has contributed to a significant …
任天堂 Switch 最值得购买的 40 款游戏推荐 - 知乎
《怪物猎人 rise》的体量还是有点小了，本以为官方会在半年内以 DLC 的形式，一直更新怪物，毕竟这种模式有《动森》珠玉在前。 没想 3.0 之后卡普空就开始摆烂了，尽更新些皮肤什么的。
Switch 游戏推荐｜游戏简评 | —— 独占篇 - 知乎
Apr 20, 2023 · 不过这个系统非常容易被敌人的战斗节奏打乱，想熟练的使出并不容易，比《怪物猎人rise》的居合要难得多，后者只需要熟悉怪物的动作就能成功，前者对输入的要求高太多 …
