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| the columbian exchange: The Columbian Exchange Alfred W. Crosby, 1972 The best thing about this book is its overarching thesis, the concept of a Columbian exchange. This provocative device permits Crosby to shape a lot of familiar and seemingly unrelated data into a fresh synthesis. . . . The implications of this interplay between novel biological and social forces are fascinating. Journal of American History. |
| the columbian exchange: The History of the Small Pox James Carrick Moore, 1815 Moore follows the history of the disease from its first recorded appearance in Asia and Africa to Arabia and finally to Europe and America. he then provides a history of treatment, including three chapters on the discovery and reception of inoculation. Moore was an early advocate of vaccination, and this book is dedicated to Edward Jenner. In 1810 Moore was appointed director of the National Vaccine Establishment. |
| the columbian exchange: 1493 Charles C. Mann, 2011-08-09 NATIONAL BESTSELLER • A deeply engaging history of how European settlements in the post-Colombian Americas shaped the world—from the highly acclaimed author of 1491. • Fascinating...Lively...A convincing explanation of why our world is the way it is. —The New York Times Book Review Presenting the latest research by biologists, anthropologists, archaeologists, and historians, Mann shows how the post-Columbian network of ecological and economic exchange fostered the rise of Europe, devastated imperial China, convulsed Africa, and for two centuries made Mexico City—where Asia, Europe, and the new frontier of the Americas dynamically interacted—the center of the world. In this history, Mann uncovers the germ of today's fiercest political disputes, from immigration to trade policy to culture wars. In 1493, Mann has again given readers an eye-opening scientific interpretation of our past, unequaled in its authority and fascination. |
| the columbian exchange: Ecological Imperialism Alfred W. Crosby, 2015-10-06 People of European descent form the bulk of the population in most of the temperate zones of the world - North America, Australia and New Zealand. The military successes of European imperialism are easy to explain; in many cases they were a matter of firearms against spears. But as Alfred W. Crosby maintains in this highly original and fascinating book, the Europeans' displacement and replacement of the native peoples in the temperate zones was more a matter of biology than of military conquest. European organisms had certain decisive advantages over their New World and Australian counterparts. The spread of European disease, flora and fauna went hand in hand with the growth of populations. Consequently, these imperialists became proprietors of the most important agricultural lands in the world. In the second edition, Crosby revisits his now classic work and again evaluates the global historical importance of European ecological expansion. |
| the columbian exchange: The Ongoing Columbian Exchange Christopher Cumo, 2015-02-25 This unique encyclopedia enables students to understand the myriad ways that the Columbian Exchange shaped the modern world, covering every major living organism from pathogens and plants to insects and mammals. Most people have only the vaguest notion of how profoundly the world was changed by Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas. Indeed, some of what is commonly regarded as traditional Native American life and culture—living in teepees and hunting buffalo from horseback, for example—came from the arrival of Europeans. This encyclopedia helps students acquire fundamental information about the Columbian Exchange through approximately 100 alphabetically arranged entries on animals, plants, diseases, and items that were exchanged, accompanied by sidebars throughout that provide interesting discussions of key people, companies, and other related topics. The work begins with an introductory essay that overviews the Columbian exchange and not only addresses its biological and cultural components but also treats it as a political and economic event. The alphabetically organized entries cover topics ranging from the African slave trade, almonds, and alpacas to watermelon, whooping cough, and yellow fever. The encyclopedia also offers a chronology of the major events of the Columbian Exchange as well as 15 transcribed primary source documents that enable students to look into history directly, including passages about the exchange that focus on the Irish Potato Famine, the slave trade, and the influenza pandemic of 1918–1919. |
| the columbian exchange: Letter of Christopher Columbus to Rafael Sanchez Christopher Columbus, 1893 |
| the columbian exchange: U.S. History P. Scott Corbett, Volker Janssen, John M. Lund, Todd Pfannestiel, Sylvie Waskiewicz, Paul Vickery, 2024-09-10 U.S. History is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of most introductory courses. The text provides a balanced approach to U.S. history, considering the people, events, and ideas that have shaped the United States from both the top down (politics, economics, diplomacy) and bottom up (eyewitness accounts, lived experience). U.S. History covers key forces that form the American experience, with particular attention to issues of race, class, and gender. |
| the columbian exchange: Great Exit Projects on the Columbian Exchange Alana Benson, 2019-07-15 While Christopher Columbus's legacy may be controversial, the wave of global transformation that came after him is undeniable. After 1492, the world was irrevocably headed down a path where people, plants, animals, and even microbes, would never be the same. Readers will make insightful connections between Columbus's journey and the forces at play in their own world through project-based learning, featuring colorful photographs and special sidebars. With special care to better examine the Native American perspective, the narrative provides insight to the world that Columbus stumbled upon, not discovered. |
| the columbian exchange: The Cambridge World History Jerry H. Bentley, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, 2015-04-09 The era from 1400 to 1800 saw intense biological, commercial, and cultural exchanges, and the creation of global connections on an unprecedented scale. Divided into two books, Volume 6 of the Cambridge World History series considers these critical transformations. The first book examines the material and political foundations of the era, including global considerations of the environment, disease, technology, and cities, along with regional studies of empires in the eastern and western hemispheres, crossroads areas such as the Indian Ocean, Central Asia, and the Caribbean, and sites of competition and conflict, including Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean. The second book focuses on patterns of change, examining the expansion of Christianity and Islam, migrations, warfare, and other topics on a global scale, and offering insightful detailed analyses of the Columbian exchange, slavery, silver, trade, entrepreneurs, Asian religions, legal encounters, plantation economies, early industrialism, and the writing of history. |
| the columbian exchange: Why We Eat What We Eat Raymond A. Sokolov, 1993 When Christopher Columbus stumbled upon America in 1492, the Italians had no pasta with tomato sauce, the Chinese had no spicy Szechuan cuisine, and the Aztecs in Mexico were eating tacos filled with live insects instead of beef. In this lively, always surprising history of the world through a gourmet's eyes, Raymond Sokolov explains how all of us -- Europeans, Americans, Africans, and Asians -- came to eat what we eat today. He journeys with the reader to far-flung ports of the former Spanish empire in search of the points where the menus of two hemispheres merged. In the process he shows that our idea of traditional cuisine in contrast to today's inventive new dishes ignores the food revolution that has been going on for the last 500 years. Why We Eat What We Eat is an exploration of the astonishing changes in the world's tastes that let us partake in a delightful, and edifying, feast for the mind.--Publisher's description. |
| the columbian exchange: New-England's Rarities Discovered in Birds, Beasts, Fishes, Serpents, and Plants of that Country John Josselyn, 1865 |
| the columbian exchange: The Body of the Conquistador Rebecca Earle, 2012-04-23 This fascinating history explores the dynamic relationship between overseas colonisation in Spanish America and the bodily experience of eating. |
| the columbian exchange: Rethinking Columbus Bill Bigelow, Bob Peterson, 1998 Provides resources for teaching elementary and secondary school students about Christopher Columbus and the discovery of America. |
| the columbian exchange: Merchants, Markets, and Exchange in the Pre-Columbian World Kenn Hirth, Joanne Pillsbury, 2013 This title examines the structure, scale and complexity of economic systems in the pre-Hispanic Americas, with a focus on the central highlands of Mexico, the Maya Lowlands and the central Andes. |
| the columbian exchange: Germs, Seeds and Animals: Alfred W. Crosby, 2015-03-04 Alfred Crosby almost alone redirected the attention of historians to ecological issues that were important precisely because they were global. In doing so, he answered those who believed that world history had become impossible as a consequence of the post-war proliferation of new historical specialities, including not only ecological history but also new social histories, areas studies, histories of mentalities and popular cultures, and studies of minorities, majorities, and ethnic groups. In the introduction to this volume, Professor Crosby recounts an intellectual path to ecological history that might stand as a rationale for world history in general. He simply decided to study the most pervasive and important aspects of human experience. By focusing on human universals like death and disease, his studies highlight the epidemic rather than the epiphenomenal. |
| the columbian exchange: Paradise Lust Brook Wilensky-Lanford, 2011-08-02 A “certainly weird . . . strangely wonderful . . . [and] often irresistible” search to find the real Garden of Eden (The New York Times Book Review). Where, precisely, was God’s Paradise? St. Augustine had a theory. So did medieval monks, John Calvin and Christopher Columbus. But when Darwin’s theory of evolution changed our understanding of human origins, shouldn’t the desire to put a literal Eden on the map have faded away? Not so fast. This “gloriously researched, pluckily written historical and anecdotal assay of humankind’s age-old quixotic quest for the exact location of the Biblical garden” (Elle) explores an obsession that has consumed scientists and theologians alike for centuries. To this day, the search continues, taken up by amateur explorers, clergymen, scholars, engineers and educators—romantic seekers all who started with the same simple-sounding Bible verses, only to end up at a different spot on the globe: Sri Lanka, the Seychelles, the North Pole, Mesopotamia, China, Iraq—and Ohio. Inspired by an Eden seeker in her own family, “Wilensky-Lanford approaches her subjects with respect, enthusiasm and conscientious research” (San Francisco Chronicle) as she traverses a century-spanning history provoking surprising insights into where we came from, what we did wrong, and where we go from here. And it all makes for “a lively journey” (Kirkus Reviews). |
| the columbian exchange: Throwing Fire Alfred W. Crosby, 2002-04-08 Historian Alfred W. Crosby looks at hard, accurate throwing and the manipulation of fire as unique human capabilities. Humans began throwing rocks in prehistory and then progressed to javelins, atlatls, bows and arrows. We learned to make fire by friction and used it to cook, drive game, burn out rivals, and alter landscapes. In historic times we invented catapults, trebuchets, and such flammable liquids as Greek Fire. About 1,000 years ago we invented gunpowder, which accelerated the rise of empires and the advance of European imperialism. In the 20th century, gunpowder weaponry enabled us to wage the most destructive wars of all time, peaking at the end of World War II with the V-2 and atomic bomb. Today, we have turned our projectile talents to space travel which may make it possible for our species to migrate to other bodies of our solar system and even other star systems. |
| the columbian exchange: The Columbian Exchange Alfred W. Crosby Jr., 2003-04-30 Thirty years ago, Alfred Crosby published a small work that illuminated a simple point, that the most important changes brought on by the voyages of Columbus were not social or political, but biological in nature. The book told the story of how 1492 sparked the movement of organisms, both large and small, in both directions across the Atlantic. This Columbian exchange, between the Old World and the New, changed the history of our planet drastically and forever. The book The Columbian Exchange changed the field of history drastically and forever as well. It has become one of the foundational works in the burgeoning field of environmental history, and it remains one of the canonical texts for the study of world history. This 30th anniversary edition of The Columbian Exchange includes a new preface from the author, reflecting on the book and its creation, and a new foreword by J. R. McNeill that demonstrates how Crosby established a brand new perspective for understanding ecological and social events. As the foreword indicates, The Columbian Exchange remains a vital book, a small work that contains within the inspiration for future examinations into what happens when two peoples, separated by time and space, finally meet. |
| the columbian exchange: Born to Die Noble David Cook, 1998-02-13 The biological mingling of the Old and New Worlds began with the first voyage of Columbus. The exchange was a mixed blessing: it led to the disappearance of entire peoples in the Americas, but it also resulted in the rapid expansion and consequent economic and military hegemony of Europeans. Amerindians had never before experienced the deadly Eurasian sicknesses brought by the foreigners in wave after wave: smallpox, measles, typhus, plague, influenza, malaria, yellow fever. These diseases literally conquered the Americas before the sword could be unsheathed. From 1492 to 1650, from Hudson's Bay in the north to southernmost Tierra del Fuego, disease weakened Amerindian resistance to outside domination. The Black Legend, which attempts to place all of the blame of the injustices of conquest on the Spanish, must be revised in light of the evidence that all Old World peoples carried, though largely unwittingly, the germs of the destruction of American civilization. |
| the columbian exchange: History of Four Footed Beasts and Serpents and Insects Topsell, 2016-06-11 First Published in 1967. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| the columbian exchange: The Columbian Voyages, the Columbian Exchange, and Their Historians Alfred W. Crosby, 1987 The 500th anniversary of the Columbian discovery of America is upon us, and with it the obligation to assess existing interpretations of the significance of the voyage and establishment of permanent links between the Old and New Worlds. The traditional, or bardic, version of the Columbian voyages and their consequences was the product of narrative historians who wrote about the American past in ways consonant both with the documentary record then available and with the ethnocentrism of their fellow white citizens of the New World. Though popular, it is deceptive because it takes a selective view of history, reinforces Euro-American ethnocentrism, and confirms premises and approaches clearly obsolete in the late 20th century. The analytic interpretation takes a more scientific, less romantic view of the voyages, their motives and consequences. These historians open themselves to geology, climatology, biology, epidemiology, and other fields. They are scientific in their research and in attempts to limit bias. Examples of historical interpretation from each school of thought are presented. The Columbian influence on the Old and New Worlds is assessed; and intellectual, economic, nutritional, and demographic effects are discussed. Finally, the legacy of the Columbian exchange is reviewed in terms of its effects on world population and ethnic composition. (GEA) |
| the columbian exchange: Encounter Jane Yolen, 1996 A Taino Indian boy on the island of San Salvador recounts the landing of Columbus and his men in 1492. |
| the columbian exchange: The Columbian Exchange Joshua Specht, Etienne Stockland, 2017-07-05 Crosby’s landmark 1972 work argues that environmental factors shape our history just as much as—and sometimes more than—human factors. |
| the columbian exchange: Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World (The Global Century Series) J. R. McNeill, 2001-04-17 One of those rare books that’s both sweeping and specific, scholarly and readable…What makes the book stand out is its wealth of historical detail. —Elizabeth Kolbert, The New Yorker The history of the twentieth century is most often told through its world wars, the rise and fall of communism, or its economic upheavals. In his startling book, J. R. McNeill gives us our first general account of what may prove to be the most significant dimension of the twentieth century: its environmental history. To a degree unprecedented in human history, we have refashioned the earth's air, water, and soil, and the biosphere of which we are a part. Based on exhaustive research, McNeill's story—a compelling blend of anecdotes, data, and shrewd analysis—never preaches: it is our definitive account. This is a volume in The Global Century Series (general editor, Paul Kennedy). |
| the columbian exchange: Le Pays renversé: Amérindiens et Européens en Amérique du Nord-Est 1600-1664 Denys Delâge, 2011-11-01 This innovative interdisciplinary study offers a comprehensive analysis of the French, Dutch and English colonization of northeastern North America during the early and middle decades of the seventeenth century. It is the first book to pay serious attention to the European economic and political factors which promoted colonization, and it argues that the prime determinant was the uneven development of agricultural systems in western Europe. |
| the columbian exchange: Rhetorical Conquests Glen Carman, 2006 Contributor biographical information |
| the columbian exchange: One Vast Winter Count Colin Gordon Calloway, 2003-01-01 A professor of history offers a sweeping new history of the Native American West before the Lewis and Clarke expedition opened it to exploration, focusing particular attention on the period of conflict that preceded this period. (History) |
| the columbian exchange: The Potato Arthur Witter Gilbert, Mortier Franklin Barrus, Daniel Dean, 1917 |
| the columbian exchange: Maya Conquistador Matthew Restall, 1999-08-30 Exploring firsthand accounts written by Maya nobles from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries-many of them previously untranslated-Restall offers the first Maya account of the conquest. The story holds surprising twists: The conquistadors were not only Spaniards but also Mayas, reconstructing their own governance and society, and the Spanish colonization of the Yucatan was part of an ongoing pattern of adaptation and survival for centuries. |
| the columbian exchange: Before Columbus Charles C. Mann, Rebecca Stefoff, 2009-09-08 A companion book for young readers based upon the explorations of the Americas in 1491, before those of Christopher Columbus. |
| the columbian exchange: The Columbian Exchange Alfred W. Crosby, 2003-04-30 Thirty years ago, Alfred Crosby published a small work that stressed a simple point - that the most important changes brought on by the voyages of Columbus were not social or political, but biological in nature. This 30th anniversary edition includes a new preface from the author. |
| the columbian exchange: Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction Eric Foner, 1997 The study and teaching of history unexpectedly emerged as the subject of intense public debate. |
| the columbian exchange: A Concise History of the Caribbean B. W. Higman, 2010-12-13 A Concise History of the Caribbean presents a general history of the Caribbean islands from the beginning of human settlement about seven thousand years ago to the present. It narrates processes of early human migration, the disastrous consequences of European colonization, the development of slavery and the slave trade, the extraordinary profits earned by the plantation economy, the great revolution in Haiti, movements toward political independence, the Cuban Revolution, and the diaspora of Caribbean people. Written in a lively and accessible style yet current with the most recent research, the book provides a compelling narrative of Caribbean history essential for students and visitors. |
| the columbian exchange: The great herbal of Leonhart Fuchs Leonhart Fuchs, 1999 |
| the columbian exchange: Children of the Sun Alfred W. Crosby, 2006-01-01 A spirited survey of humanity's historical and modern efforts to harness sun-based energy reveals how the human race's successes have hinged directly on effective uses of sun energy, cites rates in pollution and global warming as warning signs of fossil fuel limits, and makes optimistic predictions about future innovations. 13,000 first printing. |
| the columbian exchange: The Columbian Exchange Alfred W. Crosby (Jr.), 1972 |
| the columbian exchange: Sacred Gifts, Profane Pleasures Marcy Norton, 2010-01 Traces European encounters and use of tobacco and cacao and its eventual commodification into a major business from the earliest period through the seventeenth century. |
| the columbian exchange: American Environmental History Dan Allosso, 2017-12-14 An expanded, new and improved American Environmental History textbook for everyone! After years of teaching Environmental History at a major East Coast University without a textbook, Dr. Dan Allosso decided to take matters into his own hands. The result, American Environmental History, is a concise, comprehensive survey covering the material from Dan's undergraduate course. What do people say about the class and the text? This was my first semester and this course has created an incredible first impression. If all of the courses are this good, I am going to really enjoy my time here. The course has completely changed the way I look at the world. (Student in 2014 class) One of the few classes I'm really sad is ending, the subject matter is fascinating and Dan is a great guide to it. His approach should be required of all students as it teaches an appreciation for a newer and better way of living. (Student in 2014 class) Allosso's lectures are fantastic. The best I have ever had. So impressed. The material is always extremely interesting and well-presented. (Student in 2015 class) It is just a perfect course that I think should be mandatory if we want to save our planet and live responsibly. (Student in 2015 class) A rare gem for an IB ESS teacher or any social studies teacher looking for an 11th or 12th grade supplementary text that aims to provide an historical context for the environmental reality in America today. Highly recommended. (District Curriculum Coordinator, 2016) I was so impressed with this material that I am using it as a supplement for a course I teach at my college. (History and Environmental Studies Professor, 2017) Beginning in prehistory and concluding in the present, American Environmental History explores the ways the environment has affected the choices that became our history, and how our choices have affected the environment. The dynamic relationship between people and the world around them is missing from mainstream history. Putting the environment back into history helps us make sense of the past and the present, which will help guide us toward a better future. More information and Dan's blog are available at environmentalhistory.us |
Columbian Exchange | Diseases, Animals, & Plants | Britannica
Columbian Exchange, the largest part of a more general process of biological globalization that followed the transoceanic voyaging of the 15th and 16th centuries, particularly in the wake of …
Columbian exchange - Wikipedia
The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the New World (the Americas) in the Western …
How the Columbian Exchange Brought Globalization—And Disease
Aug 25, 2021 · The historian Alfred Crosby first used the term “Columbian Exchange” in the 1970s to describe the massive interchange of people, animals, plants and diseases that took place …
The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas
T he Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of diseases, ideas, food crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas by Christo …
What is the Columbian Exchange? - America Explained
May 17, 2024 · The Columbian Exchange is the name given to the era in which livestock, agricultural products, and cultural influences moved between the Eastern and Western …
The Columbian Exchange | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American ...
Their artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria, commonly known as the Columbian Exchange, is one of the more …
The Columbian Exchange - Google Sites
Introduction & Overview of the Columbian Exchange, James Loewen (secondary) As Kirkpatrick Sale poetically sums up, Columbus's "second voyage marks the first extended encounter of …
Columbian Exchange | Diseases, Animals, & Plants | Britannica
Columbian Exchange, the largest part of a more general process of biological globalization that followed the transoceanic voyaging of the 15th and 16th centuries, particularly in the wake of …
Columbian exchange - Wikipedia
The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the New World (the Americas) in the …
How the Columbian Exchange Brought Globalization—And Disease
Aug 25, 2021 · The historian Alfred Crosby first used the term “Columbian Exchange” in the 1970s to describe the massive interchange of people, animals, plants and diseases that took place …
The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and …
T he Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of diseases, ideas, food crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas by Christo …
What is the Columbian Exchange? - America Explained
May 17, 2024 · The Columbian Exchange is the name given to the era in which livestock, agricultural products, and cultural influences moved between the Eastern and Western …
The Columbian Exchange | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American ...
Their artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria, commonly known as the Columbian Exchange, is one of the …
The Columbian Exchange - Google Sites
Introduction & Overview of the Columbian Exchange, James Loewen (secondary) As Kirkpatrick Sale poetically sums up, Columbus's "second voyage marks the first extended encounter of …
