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| the four asian tigers: Asian Godfathers Joe Studwell, 2010-09-03 40 or 50 families control the economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia. Their interests range from banking to property, from shipping to sugar, from vice to gambling. 13 of the 50 richest families in the world are in South East Asia yet they are largely unknown outside confined business circles. Often this is because they control the press and television as well as everything else. How do they do it? What are their secrets? And is it good news or bad for the places where they operate? Joe Studwell explosively lifts the lid on a world of staggering secrecy and shows that the little most people know is almost entirely wrong. |
| the four asian tigers: Through the Eyes of Tiger Cubs Mark L. Clifford, Janet Pau, 2011-10-11 What will Asia look like ten years from now? Find out by taking a look through the eyes of the Asia's next generation of leaders Following economic booms in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan—the four Asian Tigers—attention has shifted to success stories in other Asian economies. However, a number of challenges have also emerged that could threaten the region's development over the next decade. Through the Eyes of Tiger Cubs offers a unique glimpse into the younger generation's view of Asia's future. It draws on the perspective of more than 80 visionary young Asians, who have identified the key issues and who see innovative solutions for areas as diverse as education and labor markets, demographics and healthcare, energy and the environment, and governance and geopolitics. The book's insights are based on a collection of think-pieces from a broad range of young Asians—the result of a competition organized by the Asia Business Council, Time magazine, the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, as well as additional research by the Council. The book is unique in that it: Provides a viewpoint in contrast to the usual perspective of businesses, governments, economists, and journalists Brings together the responses of almost a hundred young Asian thinkers to the questions What is the biggest challenge facing Asia over the next ten years? Why? and What should be done about it? Offers policy makers, business leaders, and others who are concerned about the future of Asia a unique glimpse into the younger generation's vision The next generation has a high stake in ensuring Asia's long-term growth. Gain a unique perspective on how the leaders of tomorrow see the future. |
| the four asian tigers: Four Little Dragons the Spread of Industrialization in East Asia Ezra F. Vogel, 1991 A new wave of industrialization; Taiwan; South Korea; Hong Kong and Singapore; Toward and explanation. |
| the four asian tigers: Learning from the Asian Tigers Sanjaya Lall, 1996-11-04 This is a collection of papers on industrial policy - the role of governments in promoting industrial development - and the particular significance of technology development. Two essays deal with the general debate on industrial policy and the nature of technology development; two are critical appraisals of the World Bank's approach to the debate on governments and markets; four are case studies of policy making on aspects of industrialisation, three in Asia and one in Africa. |
| the four asian tigers: Migration In East And Southeast Asia Samuel C Y Ku, Kristina Kironska, 2016-10-07 There has been an undisputed increase in the importance of migration over the past decades. It is one of the effects of an increasingly globalized world, where capitalism and free trade are gaining prominence. Migration in East and Southeast Asia aims to bring migration-related problems in Asia to the forefront. The first part of the book deals with migration in Greater China, a region influenced by Confucianism. The 'three Chinas' used to have a close connection in the past, and presently share much similarity. The Hong Kongese and Taiwanese societies are based on migration from Mainland China. However, each society has endured significant social, economic, and political changes. The second part of the book offers a closer look at migration flows in Southeast Asia. Most of the intra-ASEAN migration involves low-skilled labor for construction, agriculture, and domestic work. This book hopes to offer valuable insights into various topics related to migration in the region. |
| the four asian tigers: The Rise of Asia Frank B. Tipton, 1998-05-01 For many years, Japan was seen as the peculiar exception in Asia: a highly dynamic economy isolated in an otherwise moribund continent. With the rise of the Southeast Asian and Chinese economies, however, it has now become clear that Asia as a whole is experiencing an extraordinary revolution which will result, within a very few years, in living standards for some countries being on a par with those in the West. The results of this transformation can only be guessed at, but The Rise of Asia adds a far greater sophistication to our understanding of how this process came about, treating the key areas of Asian life (economics, society and politics) as an integrated whole and avoiding the trap of most commentators, who see the phenomenon as an exclusively postwar economic issue. Balancing the uniquely Asian aspects with global developmental factors, Dr. Tipton creates a convincing picture of how this amazing change has occurred. |
| the four asian tigers: Asian Tigers, African Lions Bernard Berendsen, 2013 Asian Tigers, African Lions is an anthology of contributions by scholars and (former) diplomats related to the 'Tracking Development' research project, funded by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and coordinated by the African Studies Centre and KITLV, both in Leiden, in collaboration with scholars based in Africa and Asia. The project compared the performance of growth and development of four pairs of countries in Southeast Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa during the last sixty years. It tried to answer the question how two regions with comparable levels of income per capita in the 1950s could diverge so rapidly. Why are there so many Asian tigers and not yet so many African lions? What could Africa learn from Southeast Asian development trajectories? |
| the four asian tigers: Governing the Market Robert Wade, 2018-06-05 Published originally in 1990 to critical acclaim, Robert Wade's Governing the Market quickly established itself as a standard in contemporary political economy. In it, Wade challenged claims both of those who saw the East Asian story as a vindication of free market principles and of those who attributed the success of Taiwan and other countries to government intervention. Instead, Wade turned attention to the way allocation decisions were divided between markets and public administration and the synergy between them. Now, in a new introduction to this paperback edition, Wade reviews the debate about industrial policy in East and Southeast Asia and chronicles the changing fortunes of these economies over the 1990s. He extends the original argument to explain the boom of the first half of the decade and the crash of the second, stressing the links between corporations, banks, governments, international capital markets, and the International Monetary Fund. From this, Wade goes on to outline a new agenda for national and international development policy. |
| the four asian tigers: Explaining Miracles William Russell Easterly, 1994 Large positive residuals, such as those associated with the high performance of the Four Tigers, have historically been transitory. The stratospheric trajectory of the Four should be heading back toward earth soon. |
| the four asian tigers: Education and Training for Development in East Asia David Ashton, Francis Green, Donna James, Johnny Sung, 2005-08-04 The East Asian miracle, or its supposed demise, is always news. The Four Tiger economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea have experienced some of the fastest rates of economic growth ever achieved. This book provides the first detailed analysis of the development of education and training systems in Asia, and the relationship with the process of economic growth. |
| the four asian tigers: Asia's Turning Point Ivan Tselichtchev, Philippe Debroux, 2012-11-26 Asia was probably the biggest economic sensation of the post-war decades. The breathtaking success of Japan was followed by a remarkable rise of four tigers, then ASEAN founder states and then China. The Asian miracle became a commonly accepted definition of this success. In the late 1970s and especially 80s it became clear that the balance of power in the world had changed. Politicians, businessmen, scholars began to talk about the new Asia Pacific age and Asian economic model, different from and, maybe, even superior to Western capitalism. However, in 1997-98 the Asian economic crisis came and made the region a sick man. Six years before that Japan, the regional powerhouse entered more than a decade-long period of stagnation. The miracle was over. However, the crisis was overcome within a surprisingly short period of time. Naturally, the question arises: What now? What is going on in the region after the miracle and after the crisis? What is today's face of Asian capitalism and how should we view its performance? Readers interested in regional developments will find a lot of literature about miracle decades and crisis years. However, few analysts have addressed the challenging questions addressed in this book. The authors vividly show that Asian capitalism is undergoing a radical structural transformation. These changes are directly affecting its key institutions: governments, companies, labor relations, etc. As a result Asian economic systems are becoming much closer to the Western-style, especially Anglo-Saxon capitalism, though the region retains some important specific features, especially regarding business culture. This book is a must for business people worldwide, for all those who study the region in colleges and business schools, for people engaged in various international activities and, finally, for all those who want learn more about our world at the dawn of the new century. |
| the four asian tigers: Social Trust and Economic Development O. Yul Kwon, 2019 In just one generation, South Korea has transformed from a recipient of foreign aid to a member of the G20. In this informative book, South Korea is used as a case by which to explore and illustrate specific issues arising from the complex relationships between the nation’s economic development and society. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 10.0px Arial} |
| the four asian tigers: Studying Hong Kong: 20 Years Of Political, Economic And Social Developments Tai Wei Lim, Tuan Yuen Kong, 2018-05-02 This book captures the essence of Hong Kong's development in the past two decades from 1997 to 2017. It is broken into four parts — economics, society, politics and culture.Hong Kong's role remains as a gateway for global trading houses, businessmen, investors and traders. Hong Kong continues to be an open economy and has stuck to free trade policies, as one of the former four successful 'tiger economies' in East Asia. In the political and international relations realm, this book examines Hong Kong's relations with China, other major powers and the world at large. It also covers domestic developments, including legal developments. Other chapters in the book examine cultural developments in Hong Kong from specific case studies of iconic animation character to trans-boundary popularity of Hong Kong popular culture in China.With contributions from Alvin CAMBA, Henry CHAN, Yoshihisa GODO, Wing Lok HUNG, Sean KING, Tuan Yuen KONG, Tai Wei LIM, Carol MA, Samantha MA, Parama SINHA PALIT, Zhengqi PAN, SIM Japanese Culture and Gaming Society, Hiroshi TAKAHASHI, Ghim Yeow TAN, Katherine TSENG, Elim WONG, Kai Keat YEO and Chun Wang YEUNG, this book provides a snapshot of Hong Kong in the past twenty years and is a fascinating read. |
| the four asian tigers: Economic Growth in Asia Steven C. Radelet, 1997 |
| the four asian tigers: Stakeholder Capitalism Klaus Schwab, 2021-01-06 Reimagining our global economy so it becomes more sustainable and prosperous for all Our global economic system is broken. But we can replace the current picture of global upheaval, unsustainability, and uncertainty with one of an economy that works for all people, and the planet. First, we must eliminate rising income inequality within societies where productivity and wage growth has slowed. Second, we must reduce the dampening effect of monopoly market power wielded by large corporations on innovation and productivity gains. And finally, the short-sighted exploitation of natural resources that is corroding the environment and affecting the lives of many for the worse must end. The debate over the causes of the broken economy—laissez-faire government, poorly managed globalization, the rise of technology in favor of the few, or yet another reason—is wide open. Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy that Works for Progress, People and Planet argues convincingly that if we don't start with recognizing the true shape of our problems, our current system will continue to fail us. To help us see our challenges more clearly, Schwab—the Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum—looks for the real causes of our system's shortcomings, and for solutions in best practices from around the world in places as diverse as China, Denmark, Ethiopia, Germany, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Singapore. And in doing so, Schwab finds emerging examples of new ways of doing things that provide grounds for hope, including: Individual agency: how countries and policies can make a difference against large external forces A clearly defined social contract: agreement on shared values and goals allows government, business, and individuals to produce the most optimal outcomes Planning for future generations: short-sighted presentism harms our shared future, and that of those yet to be born Better measures of economic success: move beyond a myopic focus on GDP to more complete, human-scaled measures of societal flourishing By accurately describing our real situation, Stakeholder Capitalism is able to pinpoint achievable ways to deal with our problems. Chapter by chapter, Professor Schwab shows us that there are ways for everyone at all levels of society to reshape the broken pieces of the global economy and—country by country, company by company, and citizen by citizen—glue them back together in a way that benefits us all. |
| the four asian tigers: Social Development in Asia Kwong-leung Tang, 2000-05-31 Most Asian countries have shown a strong commitment to rapid economic development. Economists have argued that the fruits from economic development will be spread equitably throughout the population. In the absence of a strong tradition of social rights, social development in Asia has long been taken for granted. This collection documents social development in the Asian countries of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand and India and concludes that social development has lagged behind economic development. This has given rise to `distorted development' in many countries. Serious development problems of poverty and inequalities have lingered even in these economically advanced countries of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. These problems have been exacerbated in the wake of the Asian economic crisis. In order to harmonize social development with economic growth, Asian states ought to be more proactive in their development agendas. As a text on social development in Asia, this book is primarily intended for practitioners and students of social work, social administration, and social policy. It is also relevant for students and practitioners of sociology, economics, and public policy. |
| the four asian tigers: Industrial Development In Singapore, Taiwan, & South Korea Leung-chuen Chau, Francis T Lui, Kai Sun Kwong, Larry Dongxiao Qiu, 2001-09-04 Economic analysis of the industrial experiences of the newly industrialized economies in Asia is generally lacking in the literature. This study attempts to fill that void by providing an in-depth discussion on the economic impact of the industrial policies of Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea in the three-and-a-half decades after 1960.Throughout the study, a broad perspective of macroeconomic development is maintained. It is highly critical of the narrow-minded objective of certain governments in maximizing the pace of industrialization at the expense of general economic well-being.A comparative analysis of the industrial experiences of the three economies also shows a diversity of constraints and processes. Singapore relied on multinational corporations, Taiwan on returned engineers, and South Korea on chaebols. There appears to be no Asian formula for industrialization.In Hong Kong, there is an ongoing debate on whether some form of industrial policy should be introduced, in view of the perception that Hong Kong is lagging behind the other economies in terms of technology. Drawing on the experiences of the other economies, the concluding chapter of the book provides an informed and balanced answer to this question. |
| the four asian tigers: Leverage of the Weak Hwa-Jen Liu, 2015-07-21 Comparing Taiwan and South Korea strategically, Hwa-Jen Liu seeks an answer to a deceptively simple question: Why do social movements appear at different times in a nation’s development? Despite their apparent resemblance—a colonial heritage, authoritarian rule, rapid industrialization, and structural similarities—Taiwan and South Korea were opposites in their experiences with two key social movements. South Korea followed a conventional capitalist route: labor movements challenged the system long before environmental movements did. In Taiwan, pro-environment struggles gained strength before labor activism. Liu argues that part of the explanation lies in an analysis of how movements advance their causes by utilizing different types of power. Whereas labor movements have the power of economic leverage, environmental movements depend on the power of ideology. Therefore, examining material factors versus ideational factors is crucial to understanding the successes (or failures) of social movements. Leverage of the Weak is a significant contribution to the literature on social movements, to the study of East Asian political economies, and to the progress of the comparative-historical method. It enhances knowledge of movement emergence, investigates the possibilities and obstacles involved in forging labor–environment alliances, and offers the first systematic, multilayered comparisons across movements and nations in East Asia. |
| the four asian tigers: Asia in the Global ICT Innovation Network Giuditta De Prato, Daniel Nepelski, Jean Simon, 2013-07-31 Production and innovation activities are being re-distributed across the world. The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) are proving the major engine of global growth, being less impacted by the financial crisis than developed economies or able to recover more quickly. Asia in the Global ICT Innovation Network takes a close look at the information and communication technologies (ICTs) landscape, not only in two BRICS countries, India and China, but also in South Korea and Taiwan. The book documents the size of the ICT sector for each of the selected countries, and assesses their R&D expenditure and its place in the international innovation network. The selected countries play a major role in shifting patterns of international trade and global value chains. The countries offer different historical profiles, with reforms dating back from the nineties for Chindia and earlier policies for the dragons, with later reforms focusing on IT. The book accounts for their specificity, and emphasises the fact that the four countries have achieved impressive results in terms of economic growth. The ICT sector was a major contributor to this growth and led a pioneering role for other sectors.This title consists of three parts: ICT in emerging economies, covering China and India; the return of the dragons, covering South Korea and Taiwan; and Network knowledge and trade, covering regional networks of R&D centres, India as an S&T cooperation partner, Asian countries in the global production network, and Asia in the process of internationalisation of ICT and R&D. - Provides a well-supported look at the ICT sector in Asia, an area where extant literature consists mostly in a scattering of articles in various and heterogeneous journals - Focuses on innovation - Speaks to a growing interest in the role of emerging countries in ICT innovation |
| the four asian tigers: Institutions and Chinese Economic Development Li Tan, 2021-10 China's rise as an economic power has posed some challenging questions: how did China achieve GDP growth that was even faster than the Asian Tigers? Is the Chinese model superior? Why hasn't the rapid economic growth lead to democracy in the country as many observers expected? And can China sustain its rapid economic growth with its existing social system? Institutions and Chinese Economic Development: A Comparative Historical Approach explores these questions by studying the historical relationship between institutions and economic development in China, drawing comparisons with England, Japan and other Asian economies as appropriate. The investigation focuses on several junctures in China's economic development: the starting point of the divergence between China and the West; the externally-provoked industrial development in the late nineteenth century; and the contemporary Chinese Miracle. The analysis foregrounds the role played by Chinese institutions and examines their effects on both the country's failure to industrialize in the past and its economic achievements in recent time. The book also asks whether, without reform to the existing state institutions, China might still be subject to the historical dynastic cycles today, despite its recent economic success. This work is of great interest to students and scholars of the Chinese economy, economic history and institutional economics, as well as comparative history and Chinese studies more broadly. Li Tan is a retired economist and former senior research analyst at a large financial company in New York. Holding a Ph.D. in economics, she has also worked at economic forecasting firms, and taught economics at universities in the USA-- |
| the four asian tigers: Resurgent Asia Deepak Nayyar, 2019 Over the last fifty years Asia has transformed beyond recognition. Resurgent Asia provides an analytical narrative of Asia's incredible development situated in the wider context of historical, political, and social factors. |
| the four asian tigers: Asianisms Marc Frey, Nicola Spakowski, 2015-11-11 At the core of this book is a seemingly simple question: What is Asia? In search of common historical roots, traditions and visions of political-cultural integration, first Japanese, then Chinese, Korean and Indian intellectuals, politicians and writers understood Asianisms as an umbrella for all conceptions, imaginations and processes which emphasized commonalities or common interests among different Asian regions and nations. This book investigates the multifarious discursive and material constructions of Asia within the region and in the West. It reconstructs regional constellations, intersections and relations in their national, transnational and global contexts. Moving far beyond the more well-known Japanese Pan-Asianism of the first half of the twentieth century, the chapters investigate visions of Asia that have sought to provide common meanings and political projects in efforts to trace, and construct, Asia as a united and common space of interaction. By tracing the imagination of civil society actors throughout Asia, the volume leaves behind state-centered approaches to regional integration and uncovers the richness and depth of complex identities within a large and culturally heterogeneous space. |
| the four asian tigers: Demystifying the Chinese Economy Justin Yifu Lin, 2012 An insightful account of the remarkable transition of the Chinese economy from impoverished backwater to economic powerhouse. |
| the four asian tigers: Asia as Method Kuan-Hsing Chen, 2010-04-16 Centering his analysis in the dynamic forces of modern East Asian history, Kuan-Hsing Chen recasts cultural studies as a politically urgent global endeavor. He argues that the intellectual and subjective work of decolonization begun across East Asia after the Second World War was stalled by the cold war. At the same time, the work of deimperialization became impossible to imagine in imperial centers such as Japan and the United States. Chen contends that it is now necessary to resume those tasks, and that decolonization, deimperialization, and an intellectual undoing of the cold war must proceed simultaneously. Combining postcolonial studies, globalization studies, and the emerging field of “Asian studies in Asia,” he insists that those on both sides of the imperial divide must assess the conduct, motives, and consequences of imperial histories. Chen is one of the most important intellectuals working in East Asia today; his writing has been influential in Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and mainland China for the past fifteen years. As a founding member of the Inter-Asia Cultural Studies Society and its journal, he has helped to initiate change in the dynamics and intellectual orientation of the region, building a network that has facilitated inter-Asian connections. Asia as Method encapsulates Chen’s vision and activities within the increasingly “inter-referencing” East Asian intellectual community and charts necessary new directions for cultural studies. |
| the four asian tigers: Tigers' Roar Julian Weiss, 2001 Presents some 40 papers, mostly written expressly for this volume by Asian and American scholars, addressing issues related to East Asia's economic recovery. Contributions are organized into eight sections: transition and globalization; business changes; the high-tech sphere; defense and security (one contribution); the quest for democracy (one contribution); ecology, energy, and resources; people, society, culture, and the urban edge; and speculations concerning trade, investment, and the role of politics, culture, and religion in the region. c. Book News Inc. |
| the four asian tigers: Growth in East Asia Mr.Michael Sarel, 1995-09-01 This paper examines the different arguments raised by the studies that addressed the East Asian growth experience. The original arguments presented in this paper are all on the negative side, highlighting problems associated with some of the possible explanations for the East Asian miracle. The paper concentrates mainly on four dimensions of the debate about the East Asian growth experience: (i) The nature of economic growth intensive or extensive?; (ii) The role of public policy and of selective interventions; (iii) The role of high investment rates and a strong export orientation as possible engines of growth; and (iv) The importance of the initial conditions and their relevance for policy. |
| the four asian tigers: Resurging Asian Giants Asian Development Bank, 2010-07-01 The economies of the People’s Republic of China and India have seen dramatic growth in recent years. As their respective successes continue to reshape the world’s economic landscape, noted Chinese and Indian scholars have studied the two countries’ development paths, in particular their rich and diverse experiences in such areas as education, information technology, local entrepreneurship, capital markets, macroeconomic management, foreign direct investment, and state-owned enterprise reforms. Drawing on these studies, the Asian Development Bank has produced a timely collection of lessons learned that serves as a valuable refresher on the challenges and opportunities ahead for developing economies, especially those in Asia and the Pacific. |
| the four asian tigers: Bengal Tigers Lyn A. Sirota, 2010 Simple text and photographs present Bengal tigers, how they look, where they live, and what they do--Provided by publisher. |
| the four asian tigers: The Caucasian Tiger Saumya Mitra, 2007 This publication examines the factors underlying Armenia's stellar economic growth record, which has led to the country's emergence as a pre-eminent reformer among the former Soviet republics. It describes how Armenia created an environment of macroeconomic stability and pursued market economic reforms, but its central focus is on the reform agenda of the future. Therefore, this book is intended not only as a case study of success in post-Soviet economic transition, but also as a candid piece of policy advice for the future. |
| the four asian tigers: The East Asian Miracle , 1993 |
| the four asian tigers: Dragons and Tigers Barbara A. Weightman, 2011-08-24 Dragons and Tigers: A Geography of South, East, and Southeast Asia, Third Edition is the only book that covers all three regions South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. It is the most comprehensive book on the market for a Geography of Asia course. It contains updated and additional maps covering distribution of religions, physical features, linguistic and religious pluralism in Southeast Asia, and more. Using a cross-disciplinary approach, the author discusses evolving physical and cultural landscapes. New to this edition is added content coverage on the impact of globalization, environmental issues, recent environmental disasters and their effects on the region, the recent global economic crisis, migration and urbanization, gender and child welfare issues, religious conflict, agribusiness and sustainability and new patterns of trade. |
| the four asian tigers: The Four Asian Tigers Eun Mee Kim, 1998 Since the end of World War II, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan have undergone unprecedented economic and social upheaval. Each economy has attained sustained economic development by taking advantage of and utilizing the global geo-economic politics of the Cold War. This economic growth has also produced dramatic changes in the societal values, ideas, politics, and culture of these countries. This book examines these changes by looking at the political and private players involved in the last three decades and explores their historical significance and what roles these tigers will play in the future of the global economy. |
| the four asian tigers: The Souls of Yellow Folk: Essays Wesley Yang, 2018-11-13 “Fierce and refreshing.”— Carlos Lozada, Washington Post Named a notable book of the year by the New York Times Book Review and the Washington Post, and one of the best books of the year by Spectator and Publishers Weekly, The Souls of Yellow Folk is the powerful debut from one of the most acclaimed essayists of his generation. Wesley Yang writes about race and sex without the polite lies that bore us all. |
| the four asian tigers: How Asia Works Joe Studwell, 2013-03-28 Until the catastrophic economic crisis of the late 1990s, East Asia was perceived as a monolithic success story. But heady economic growth rates masked the most divided continent in the world - one half the most extraordinary developmental success story ever seen, the other half a paper tiger. Joe Studwell explores how policies ridiculed by economists created titans in Japan, Korea and Taiwan, and are now behind the rise of China, while the best advice the West could offer sold its allies in South-East Asia down the economic river. The first book to offer an Asia-wide deconstruction of success and failure in economic development, Studwell's latest work is provocative and iconoclastic - and sobering reading for most of the world's developing countries. How Asia Works is a must-read book that packs powerful insights about the world's most misunderstood continent. |
| the four asian tigers: Social Policy in East and Southeast Asia M. Ramesh, 2012-09-10 Social Policy in East and South East Asia provides the first systematic comparison of the policy sectors of income maintenance, health, housing and education in Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. It focuses particularly on the provision and financing arrangements of these four Asian newly industrialized economies and their outcomes in terms of adequacy, efficiency and equity, drawing on extensive primary research carried out by the author. Locating the importance of Asian social policies in the wake of the recent financial crisis in the region, this work provides a comprehensive analysis of the different types of welfare state in contemporary Asia. |
| the four asian tigers: The Developmental State Meredith Woo-Cumings, 2019-06-30 Developmental state, n.: the government, motivated by desire for economic advancement, intervenes in industrial affairs. The notion of the developmental state has come under attack in recent years. Critics charge that Japan's success in putting this notion into practice has not been replicated elsewhere, that the concept threatens the purity of freemarket economics, and that its shortcomings have led to financial turmoil in Asia. In this informative and thought-provoking book, a team of distinguished scholars revisits this notion to assess its continuing utility and establish a common vocabulary for debates on these issues. Drawing on new political and economic theories and emphasizing recent events, the authors examine the East Asian experience to show how the developmental state involves a combination of political, bureaucratic, and moneyed influences that shape economic life in the region. Taking as its point of departure Chalmers Johnson's account of the Japanese developmental state, the book explores the interplay of forces that have determined the structure of opportunity in the region. The authors critically address the argument for centralized political involvement in industrial development (with a new contribution by Johnson), describe the historical impact of colonialism and the Cold War, consider new ideas in economics, and compare the experiences of East Asian countries with those of France, Brazil, Mexico, and India. |
| the four asian tigers: Growth Theories in Light of the East Asian Experience Takatoshi Ito, Anne O. Krueger, 1995-03-15 The contributors to this volume analyze the growth experiences of Japan, Korea, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan in light of the recently developed endogenous growth theory to provide an understanding of the economic boom in East Asia. The theory explored in this volume attributes the phenomenal economic success of these countries to, among other factors, the role of an outward orientation—a focus on exporting rather than on protecting home markets. In addition, the importance of exchange rate behavior, of the supportive role of government policy, and of the accumulation and promotion of physical and human capital are explored in detail. This collection also examines the extent to which growth in each country became self-sustaining once it began. Demonstrating the relevance of endogenous growth theory for studying this important region, this fourth volume in the NBER-East Asia Seminar on Economics series will be of interest to observers of East Asian affairs. |
| the four asian tigers: The New Asian Hemisphere Kishore Mahbubani, 2009-04-28 For centuries, the Asians (Chinese, Indians, Muslims, and others) have been bystanders in world history. Now they are ready to become co-drivers. Asians have finally understood, absorbed, and implemented Western best practices in many areas: from free-market economics to modern science and technology, from meritocracy to rule of law. They have also become innovative in their own way, creating new patterns of cooperation not seen in the West. Will the West resist the rise of Asia? The good news is that Asia wants to replicate, not dominate, the West. For a happy outcome to emerge, the West must gracefully give up its domination of global institutions, from the IMF to the World Bank, from the G7 to the UN Security Council. History teaches that tensions and conflicts are more likely when new powers emerge. This, too, may happen. But they can be avoided if the world accepts the key principles for a new global partnership spelled out in The New Asian Hemisphere. |
| the four asian tigers: The Miracle Michael Schuman, 2009-06-23 “If you are interested in how Asia became an economic tiger, read The Miracle.” —New York Times An international bestseller, The Miracle by business journalist Michael Schuman offers a fascinating exploration of the most meaningful and far-reaching global event since World War II: the economic ascent of the Asian continent. CNN’s Wolf Blitzer calls The Miracle, “An amazing story and it’s all true,” while the New York Times praises Schuman for being, “not just a skilled reporter [but] also a gifted journalistic storyteller.” The Miracle is essential reading for anyone who truly wants to understand today’s—and tomorrow’s—world. |
| the four asian tigers: Dependence and Underdevelopment: Latin America's Political Economy James D. Cockcroft, Andre Gunder Frank, Dale L. Johnson, 1972 This book challenges all of the most commonly held ideas regarding underdevelopment. The process of development, say the authors, is not a matter of higher Gross National Products, which to the contrary, often serve to increase a country's long-run underdevelopment. Meaningful development is a political as well as an economic process, which improves the quality of life for the people of a country. The authors argue that underdevelopment, far from being an original or natural condition of the countries of the so-called Third World, is a condition imposed by the international expansion of capitalism. The authors go on dispute some common assumptions regarding industrialization, economic aid, and the allegedly progressive nature of the international expansion of capitalism. The authors go on to dispute some common assumptions regarding industrialization, economic aid, and the allegedly progressive nature of native bourgeoisies. The theory of development and underdevelopment presented in this book is supported by case studies of Mexico, Venezuela, Chile and other Latin American nations, but the implications extend to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the internal colonies of the United States. |
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4 - Wikipedia
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in …
Four - definition of four by The Free Dictionary
1. a cardinal number, three plus one. 2. a symbol of this number, 4 or IV or IIII. 3. a set of this many persons or things. 4. a. an automobile powered by a four-cylinder engine. b. the engine …
FOUR Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Four definition: a cardinal number, three plus one.. See examples of FOUR used in a sentence.
FOUR | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
FOUR meaning: 1. the number 4: 2. a team of four people in rowing, or the boat that they use 3. in cricket, four…. Learn more.
Four Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Four definition: The cardinal number equal to 3 + 1.
four - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford ...
Definition of four in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
FOUR definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary
7 senses: 1. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one 2. a numeral, 4, IV, etc, representing this number 3..... Click for more definitions.
FOUR Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of FOUR is a number that is one more than three. How to use four in a sentence.
4 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In mathematics, the number four is an even number and the smallest composite number. Four is also the second square number after one. A small minority of people have four fingers on each …
Four - Buy Now, Pay Later
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4 - Wikipedia
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in …
Four - definition of four by The Free Dictionary
1. a cardinal number, three plus one. 2. a symbol of this number, 4 or IV or IIII. 3. a set of this many persons or things. 4. a. an automobile powered by a four-cylinder engine. b. the engine …
FOUR Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Four definition: a cardinal number, three plus one.. See examples of FOUR used in a sentence.
FOUR | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
FOUR meaning: 1. the number 4: 2. a team of four people in rowing, or the boat that they use 3. in cricket, four…. Learn more.
Four Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Four definition: The cardinal number equal to 3 + 1.
four - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford ...
Definition of four in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
FOUR definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary
7 senses: 1. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one 2. a numeral, 4, IV, etc, representing this number 3..... Click for more definitions.
FOUR Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of FOUR is a number that is one more than three. How to use four in a sentence.
4 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In mathematics, the number four is an even number and the smallest composite number. Four is also the second square number after one. A small minority of people have four fingers on each …
