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| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Holocaust Nora Levin, 1968 A major comprehensive in depth study of the Holocaust beginning with the racial myths and continuing through the mass exterminations in Nazi gas Chambers. includes extensive notes. well indexed. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Empire of Destruction Alex J. Kay, 2021-09-28 The first comparative, comprehensive history of Nazi mass killing – showing how genocidal policies were crucial to the regime’s strategy to win the war Nazi Germany killed approximately 13 million civilians and other non-combatants in deliberate policies of mass murder, mostly during the war years. Almost half the victims were Jewish, systematically destroyed in the Holocaust, the core of the Nazis’ pan-European racial purification programme. Alex Kay argues that the genocide of European Jewry can be examined in the wider context of Nazi mass killing. For the first time, Empire of Destruction considers Europe’s Jews alongside all the other major victim groups: captive Red Army soldiers, the Soviet urban population, unarmed civilian victims of preventive terror and reprisals, the mentally and physically disabled, the European Roma and the Polish intelligentsia. Kay shows how each of these groups was regarded by the Nazi regime as a potential threat to Germany’s ability to successfully wage a war for hegemony in Europe. Combining the full quantitative scale of the killings with the individual horror, this is a vital and groundbreaking work. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Holocaust Leni Yahil, 1990 Covers the anti-semitic activities of the Nazis all over the globe, refuting common myths about the Holocaust, including the perception that Jews went peacefully to their deaths. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: German Railroads, Jewish Souls Raul Hilberg, Christopher Browning, Peter Hayes, 2019-11-04 A rich and accessible introduction to the role of the German railway system in the Holocaust, a topic that remains understudied even today. Renowned Holocaust scholar Raul Hilberg considered the German railway system that delivered European Jews to ghettos and death camps in Eastern Europe to be not only an essential component of the “machinery of destruction” but also emblematic of the amoral bureaucracy that helped to implement the Jewish genocide. German Railroads, Jewish Souls centers around Hilberg’s seminal essay of the same name, a landmark study of German railways in the Nazi era long unavailable in English. Supplemented with additional writings from Hilberg, primary source materials, and historical commentary from leading scholars Christopher Browning and Peter Hayes. “This important book unites three prominent scholars tackling crucial questions about German railways and the Holocaust. Two essays from the late, renowned Raul Hilberg investigate their overlooked role in the extermination of the European Jews. They provide groundbreaking investigations into the German railway as the prototype of a bureaucracy and challenge its supposed banality. While Christopher Browning eloquently situates Hilberg’s essays within the historical literature, Peter Hayes makes a detailed critique of the common but false belief that the deportation and annihilation of the Jews were more of a priority for the Nazis than the war effort. This question, arising from Hilberg’s essays, demonstrates the continued significance of his work today.”—Wolf Gruner, author, The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia: Czech Initiatives, German Policies, Jewish Responses Published in Association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The War Against the Jews, 1933–1945 Lucy S. Dawidowicz, 2010-11-09 A history of how anti-Semitism evolved into the Holocaust in Germany: “If any book can tell what Hitlerism was like, this is it” (Alfred Kazin). Lucy Dawidowicz’s groundbreaking The War Against the Jews inspired waves of both acclaim and controversy upon its release in 1975. Dawidowicz argues that genocide was, to the Nazis, as central a war goal as conquering Europe, and was made possible by a combination of political, social, and technological factors. She explores the full history of Hitler’s “Final Solution,” from the rise of anti-Semitism to the creation of Jewish ghettos to the brutal tactics of mass murder employed by the Nazis. Written with devastating detail, The War Against the Jews is the definitive and comprehensive book on one of history’s darkest chapters. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Perpetrators Victims Bystanders Raul Hilberg, 1993-09-15 The man the New York Times has called the preeminent scholar of the Holocaust tells the stories of those who caused, experienced, and witnessed the great human catastrophe. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Anatomy of the Holocaust Raul Hilberg, Walter H. Pehle, René Schlott, 2019-11-07 A multifaceted look at historian Raul Hilberg, tracing the evolution of Holocaust research from a marginal subdiscipline into a vital intellectual project. “I would recommend this book to both Holocaust historians and general readers alike. The breadth and depth of Hilberg’s research and his particular insights have not yet been surpassed by any other Holocaust scholar.”—Jewish Libraries News & Reviews Though best known as the author of the landmark 1961 work The Destruction of the European Jews, the historian Raul Hilberg produced a variety of archival research, personal essays, and other works over a career that spanned half a century. The Anatomy of the Holocaust collects some of Hilberg’s most essential and groundbreaking writings―many of them published in obscure journals or otherwise inaccessible to nonspecialists―in a single volume. Supplemented with commentary and notes from Hilberg’s longtime German editor and his biographer. From the Introduction: This selection by the editors from the multitude of his published texts focuses on Hilberg’s intellectual interests as a Holocaust researcher. Among other topics, they deal with the bureaucracy of the Holocaust, the number of victims, the role of the Judenräte(Jewish councils), and the function of the railway and the police in the extermination process. The scholarly impulses extending from Hilberg’s work remain remarkable and virulent almost a decade after his death.2 They deserve to be readily accessible in one place to historians and the interested public in the new compilation offered here. Many of the debates influenced by Hilberg are not yet resolved. The texts presented can be quite revealing in light of these controversies. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: In the Lion's Den Nechama Tec, 2008-11-26 Few lives shed more light on the complex relationship between Jews and Christians during and after the Holocaust--or provide a more moving portrait of courage--than Oswald Rufeisen's. A Jew passing as a Christian in occupied Poland, Rufeisen worked as translator for the German police--the very people who rounded up and murdered the Jews--and repeatedly risked his life to save hundreds from the Nazis. In this gripping biography, Nechama Tec, a widely acclaimed writer on the Holocaust, recounts Rufeisen's remarkable story. A youth of seventeen when World War II began, Rufeisen joined the exodus of Poles who fled the approaching German army. Tec vividly describes how Rufeisen used his ability to speak fluent German to pass as half German and half Polish in Mir, where he came to serve as translator and personal secretary to the German in charge of the gendarmerie. As he carried out his duties--reading death sentences to prisoners, swearing in new police officers before a portrait of Hitler--he earned the trust and affection of the German commander, yet lived in constant fear of discovery. He used his position to pass secret information to Jews and Christians about impending aktions and to sabatoge Nazi plans. Most notably, he thwarted the annihilation of the Mir ghetto by arming hundreds of doomed Jews and organizing their escape, and saved an entire Belorussian village from destruction. Denounced, Rufeisen escaped and found shelter in a convent, where he converted to Catholicism. Though a pacifist, he spent the rest of the war fighting in a Russian partisan unit. After the war, Father Daniel (as he is now known) became a priest and a Carmelite monk. Identifying himself as a Christian Jew and an ardent Zionist, he moved to Israel, where he challenged the Law of Return in a case that reached the High Court and attracted international attention. Today he continues to devote himself to bridging the gap between Christians and Jews. In the Lion's Den offers a stirring portrait of a Jewish rescuer during the Holocaust and its aftermath, illuminating the intricate connections between good and evil, cruelty and compassion, and Judaism and Christianity. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Documents on the Holocaust Y. Arad, Y. Gutman, A. Margaliot, 2014-06-28 This volume presents a comprehensive collection of essential documents for students and laymen interested in the history of the Holocaust. The collection reflects both the major trends in Nazi ideology and policy towards the Jews and the behaviour and reaction of the Jews to the Nazi challenge. The book is divided into three geographical-political sections: Germany and Austria; Poland; and the Baltic countries and areas of the Soviet Union occupied by Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Each section is preceded by a short introduction setting the documents against the background of events and developments in these areas. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Politics of Memory Raul Hilberg, 1996 The author of The Destruction of the European Jews has written a riveting account of the politics behind his seminal work on the Holocaust.--Choice |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: On the Edge of Destruction Celia Stopnicka Heller, 1994 The Holocaust virtually destroyed the Jews of Poland, once a community of more than three million, constituting ten percent of the population, and the oldest continuous Jewish community in a European country. On the Edge of Destruction looks at the rich and complex nature of that community and the tremendous pressures under which it lived before the tragic end. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: American Jewry and the Holocaust Yehuda Bauer, 2017-12-01 In this volume Yehuda Bauer describes the efforts made to aid European victims of World War II by the New York-based American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. In this volume Yehudi Bauer describes the efforts made to aid European victims of World War II by the New York-based American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, American Jewry's chief representative abroad. Drawing on the mass of unpublished material in the JDC archives and other repositories, as well as on his thorough knowledge of recent and continuing research into the Holocaust, he focuses alternately on the personalities and institutional decisions in New York and their effects on the JDC workers and their rescue efforts in Europe. He balances personal stories with a country-by-country account of the fate of Jews through ought the war years: the grim statistics of millions deported and killed are set in the context of the hopes and frustrations of the heroic individuals and small groups who actively worked to prevent the Nazis' Final Solution. This study is essential reading for anyone who seeks to understand the American Jewish response to European events from 1939 to 1945. Bauer confronts the tremendous moral and historical questions arising from JDC's activities. How great was the danger? Who should be saved first? Was it justified to use illegal or extralegal means? What country would accept Jewish refugees? His analysis also raises an issue which perhaps can never be answered: could American Jews have done more if they had grasped the reality of the Holocaust? |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: On the Eve Bernard Wasserstein, 2012-05-01 On the Eve is the portrait of a world on the brink of annihilation. In this provocative book, Bernard Wasserstein presents a new and disturbing interpretation of the collapse of European Jewish civilization even before the Nazi onslaught. In the 1930s, as Europe spiraled toward the Second World War, the continent’s Jews faced an existential crisis. The harsh realities of the age—anti-Semitic persecution, economic discrimination, and an ominous climate of violence—devastated Jewish communities and shattered the lives of individuals. The Jewish crisis was as much the result of internal decay as of external attack. Demographic collapse, social disintegration, and cultural dissolution were all taking their toll. The problem was not just Nazism: In the summer of 1939 more Jews were behind barbed wire outside the Third Reich than within it, and not only in police states but even in the liberal democracies of the West. The greater part of Europe was being transformed into a giant concentration camp for Jews. Unlike most previous accounts, On the Eve focuses not on the anti-Semites but on the Jews. Wasserstein refutes the common misconception that they were unaware of the gathering forces of their enemies. He demonstrates that there was a growing and widespread recognition among Jews that they stood on the edge of an abyss. On the Eve recaptures the agonizing sorrows and the effervescent cultural glories of this last phase in the history of the European Jews. It explores their hopes, anxieties, and ambitions, their family ties, social relations, and intellectual creativity—everything that made life meaningful and bearable for them. Wasserstein introduces a diverse array of characters: holy men and hucksters, beggars and bankers, politicians and poets, housewives and harlots, and, in an especially poignant chapter, children without a future. The geographical range also is vast: from Vilna (the “Jerusalem of the North”) to Amsterdam, Vienna, Warsaw, and Paris, from the Judeo-Espagnol-speaking stevedores of Salonica to the Yiddish-language collective farms of Soviet Ukraine and Crimea. Wasserstein’s aim is to “breathe life into dry bones.” Based on comprehensive research, rendered with compassion and empathy, and brought alive by telling anecdotes and dry wit, On the Eve offers a vivid and enlightening picture of the European Jews in their final hour. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Jewish Masculinity in the Holocaust Maddy Carey, 2017-10-05 This book explores, for the first time, the impact of the Holocaust on the gender identities of Jewish men. Drawing on historical and sociological arguments, it specifically looks at the experiences of men in France, Holland, Belgium, and Poland. Jewish Masculinity in the Holocaust starts by examining the gendered environment and ideas of Jewish masculinity during the interwar period and in the run-up to the Holocaust. The volume then goes on to explore the effect of Nazi persecution on various elements of male gender identity, analysing a wide range of sources including diaries and journals written at the time, underground ghetto newspapers and numerous memoirs written in the intervening years by survivors. Taken together, these sources show that Jewish masculinities were severely damaged in the initial phases of persecution, particularly because men were unable to perform the gendered roles they expected of themselves. More controversially, however, Maddy Carey also shows that the escalation of the persecution and later enclosure – whether through ghettoisation or hiding – offered men the opportunity to reassert their masculine identities. Finally, the book discusses the impact of the Holocaust on the practice of fatherhood and considers its effect on the transmission of masculinity. This important study breaks new ground in its coverage of gender and masculinities and is an important text for anyone studying the history of the Holocaust. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Hitler's Willing Executioners Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, 2007-12-18 This groundbreaking international bestseller lays to rest many myths about the Holocaust: that Germans were ignorant of the mass destruction of Jews, that the killers were all SS men, and that those who slaughtered Jews did so reluctantly. Hitler's Willing Executioners provides conclusive evidence that the extermination of European Jewry engaged the energies and enthusiasm of tens of thousands of ordinary Germans. Goldhagen reconstructs the climate of eliminationist anti-Semitism that made Hitler's pursuit of his genocidal goals possible and the radical persecution of the Jews during the 1930s popular. Drawing on a wealth of unused archival materials, principally the testimony of the killers themselves, Goldhagen takes us into the killing fields where Germans voluntarily hunted Jews like animals, tortured them wantonly, and then posed cheerfully for snapshots with their victims. From mobile killing units, to the camps, to the death marches, Goldhagen shows how ordinary Germans, nurtured in a society where Jews were seen as unalterable evil and dangerous, willingly followed their beliefs to their logical conclusion. Hitler's Willing Executioner's is an original, indeed brilliant contribution to the...literature on the Holocaust.--New York Review of Books The most important book ever published about the Holocaust...Eloquently written, meticulously documented, impassioned...A model of moral and scholarly integrity.--Philadelphia Inquirer |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Final Solution David Cesarani, 2016-11-08 This groundbreaking history of the Holocaust presents a brilliant synthesis and interpretation of the greatest crime of the modern era...harrowing and extraordinary” (The Times, UK). David Cesarani’s Final Solution is a magisterial work of history that chronicles the fate of Europe’s Jews during and directly after World War II. Based on decades of scholarship, documentation newly available from the opening of Soviet archives, declassification of Western intelligence service records, as well as diaries and reports written in the camps, Cesarani provides a sweeping reappraisal that challenges accepted explanations for the anti-Jewish politics of Nazi Germany and the inevitability of the “final solution.” The persecution of the Jews, as Cesarani demonstrates, was not always the Nazis’ central preoccupation, nor was it inevitable. Instead, it unfolded erratically in German-occupied countries, often due to local initiatives. Military failures created a crisis of resources that led to the starvation of the ghettos and intensified anti-Jewish measures. Cesarani also disputes the iconic role of railways and deportation trains and exposes the extent of sexual violence and abuse of Jewish women. In bracingly vivid prose, Final Solution captures the experience of a heroic people caught in the hell that was Hitler’s Germany. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Holocaust in History Michael Robert Marrus, 1989-01-01 An essential introduction for all students of World War II and the Holocaust, this graceful and moving work provides a fresh perspective on this tragic period. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Defiance Nechama Tec, 1993 The prevailing image of European Jews during the Holocaust years is one of helpless victims under a death sentence, unable to fight consignment to the ghettos, to the camps, and to the gas chambers. In fact, many Jews struggled alone or with others against the terrors of the Third Reich, risking their lives against overwhelming odds for the slimmest chance of survival, or a mere glimpse of freedom. In Defiance, Nechama Tec offers a riveting history of one such group, a forest community in western Belorussia that would number more than 1,200 Jews by 1944--the largest armed rescue operation of Jews by Jews in World War II. Describing the entire partisan movement in the region, Tec shows that while most forest fighters in Belorussia were rifle-carrying young men, the members of this extraordinary community included both men and women, some with weapons but mostly unarmed, ranging from infants to the elderly. She reconstructs for the first time the amazing details of how these partisans and their families--hungry, exposed to the harsh winter weather, always on the lookout for German patrols--managed not only to survive, but to offer protection to all Jewish fugitives who could find their way to them. Driven by courage born out of despair, they dug wells, set up workshops to repair guns, made clothes, and resoled shoes, supplied services to other guerilla units, and even established a makeshift hospital and school in the forest. Arguing that this success would have been unthinkable without the vision of one man, Tec offers penetrating insight into the group's commander, Tuvia Bielski, and his journey from his life as the son of the only Jewish peasant family in an isolated rural village to his emergence as a leader possessing the charisma and courage to command under all but impossible circumstances. Tec brings to light the untold story of Bielski's struggle as a partisan who lost his parents, wife, and two brothers to the Nazis, yet never wavered in his conviction that it was more important to save one Jew than to kill twenty Germans. She shows how, under Bielski's guidance, the partisans smuggled Jews out of heavily guarded ghettos, scouted the roads for fugitives, and led retaliatory raids against Belorussian peasants who collaborated with the Nazis against their former Jewish neighbors. Refusing to turn away the weak or the old for the sake of the survival of the larger group, Bielski would warn new arrivals to the forest, Life is difficult, we are in danger all the time, but if we perish, if we die, we die like human beings. A scholar, a writer, and herself a Holocaust survivor, author Nechama Techas devoted the last two decades to studying the fate of European Jewry, recording rare but vital examples of human compassion, resistance, altruism and heroism in the face of overwhelming horror and despair. Drawing on wide-ranging research and never before published interviews with surviving partisans--including Tuvia Bielski himself two weeks before his death in 1987--she reconstructs here the poignant and unforgettable story of those who chose to fight. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Jews of Nazi Vienna, 1938-1945 Ilana Fritz Offenberger, 2017-05-11 This book examines Jewish life in Vienna just after the Nazi-takeover in 1938. Who were Vienna’s Jews, how did they react and respond to Nazism, and why? Drawing upon the voices of the individuals and families who lived during this time, together with new archival documentation, Ilana Offenberger reconstructs the daily lives of Vienna’s Jews from Anschluss in March 1938 through the entire Nazi occupation and the eventual dissolution of the Jewish community of Vienna. Offenberger explains how and why over two-thirds of the Jewish community emigrated from the country, while one-third remained trapped. A vivid picture emerges of the co-dependent relationship this community developed with their German masters, and the false hope they maintained until the bitter end. The Germans murdered close to one third of Vienna’s Jewish population in the “final solution” and their family members who escaped the Reich before 1941 chose never to return; they remained dispersed across the world. This is not a triumphant history. Although the overwhelming majority survived the Holocaust, the Jewish community that once existed was destroyed. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Nazis' Last Victims Randolph L. Braham, 2002-05-01 The Nazis' Last Victims articulates and historically scrutinizes both the uniqueness and the universality of the Holocaust in Hungary, a topic often minimized in general works on the Holocaust. The result of the 1994 conference at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum on the fiftieth anniversary of the deportation of Hungarian Jewry, this anthology examines the effects on Hungary as the last country to be invaded by the Germans. The Nazis' Last Victims questions what Hungarians knew of their impending fate and examines the heightened sense of tension and haunting drama in Hungary, where the largest single killing process of the Holocaust period occurred in the shortest amount of time. Through the combination of two vital components of history writing—the analytical and the recollective—The Nazis' Last Victims probes the destruction of the last remnant of European Jewry in the Holocaust. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Origins of the Holocaust Michael Robert Marrus, 2011-08-02 This edition is the first of its kind to offer a basic collection of facsimile, English language, historical articles on all aspects of the extermination of the European Jews. A total of 300 articles from 84 journals and collections allows the reader to gain an overview of this field. The edition both provides access to the immense, rich array of scholarly articles published after 1960 on the history of the Holocaust and encourages critical assessment of conflicting interpretations of these horrifying events. The series traces Nazi persecution of Jews before the implementation of the Final Solution, demonstrates how the Germans coordinated anti-Jewish activities in conquered territories, and sheds light on the victims in concentration camps, ending with the liberation of the concentration camp victims and articles on the trials of war criminals. The publications covered originate from the years 1950 to 1987. Included are authors such as Jakob Katz, Saul Friedländer, Eberhard Jäckel, Bruno Bettelheim and Herbert A. Strauss. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Eichmann in Jerusalem Hannah Arendt, 2006-09-22 The controversial journalistic analysis of the mentality that fostered the Holocaust, from the author of The Origins of Totalitarianism Sparking a flurry of heated debate, Hannah Arendt’s authoritative and stunning report on the trial of German Nazi leader Adolf Eichmann first appeared as a series of articles in The New Yorker in 1963. This revised edition includes material that came to light after the trial, as well as Arendt’s postscript directly addressing the controversy that arose over her account. A major journalistic triumph by an intellectual of singular influence, Eichmann in Jerusalem is as shocking as it is informative—an unflinching look at one of the most unsettling (and unsettled) issues of the twentieth century. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933 –1945: Volume II Geoffrey P. Megargee, Martin Dean, 2012-05-04 “Stands without doubt as the definitive reference guide on this topic in the world today.” —Holocaust and Genocide Studies This volume of the extraordinary encyclopedia from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum offers a comprehensive account of how the Nazis conducted the Holocaust throughout the scattered towns and villages of Poland and the Soviet Union. It covers more than 1,150 sites, including both open and closed ghettos. Regional essays outline the patterns of ghettoization in nineteen German administrative regions. Each entry discusses key events in the history of the ghetto; living and working conditions; activities of the Jewish Councils; Jewish responses to persecution; demographic changes; and details of the ghetto’s liquidation. Personal testimonies help convey the character of each ghetto, while source citations provide a guide to additional information. Documentation of hundreds of smaller sites—previously unknown or overlooked in the historiography of the Holocaust—make this an indispensable reference work on the destroyed Jewish communities of Eastern Europe. “A very detailed analysis and history of the events that took place in the towns, villages, and cities of German-occupied Eastern Europe . . . .A rich source of information.” —Library Journal “Focuses specifically on the ghettos of Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe . . . stands without doubt as the definitive reference guide on this topic in the world today. This is not hyperbole, but simply a recognition of the meticulous collaborative research that went into assembling such a massive collection of information.” —Holocaust and Genocide Studies “No other work provides the same level of detail and supporting material.” —Choice |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Seventh Million Tom Segev, 2019-11-12 This monumental work of history, The Seventh Million, shows the decisive impact of the Holocaust on the identity, ideology and politics of Israel. With unflinching honesty, Tom Segev examines the most sensitive and heretofore closed chapters of his country's history, and reveals how this charged legacy has at critical moments (the Exodus affair, the Eichmann trial, the Six-Day War) been molded. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Formation of the Jewish Canon Timothy H. Lim, 2012-09-15 The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls provides unprecedented insight into the nature of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament before its fixation. Timothy Lim here presents a complete account of the formation of the canon in Ancient Judaism from the emergence of the Torah in the Persian period to the final acceptance of the list of twenty-two/twenty-four books in the Rabbinic period. Using the Hebrew Bible, the Scrolls, the Apocrypha, the Letter of Aristeas, the writings of Philo, Josephus, the New Testament, and Rabbinic literature as primary evidence he argues that throughout the post-exilic period up to around 100 CE there was not one official canon accepted by all Jews; rather, there existed a plurality of collections of scriptures that were authoritative for different communities. Examining the literary sources and historical circumstances that led to the emergence of authoritative scriptures in ancient Judaism, Lim proposes a theory of the majority canon that posits that the Pharisaic canon became the canon of Rabbinic Judaism in the centuries after the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: IBM and the Holocaust Edwin Black, 2021-05-15 |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: A World Without Jews Alon Confino, 2014-04-15 This penetrating new assessment of the burning of the Hebrew Bible by the Nazis on November 9, 1938 explores how the Germans came to conceive of the idea of Germany without the Jews, which required that both Jews and Judaism be erased from Christian history. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Hitler and the Jews Philippe Burrin, 1994 This is a short introduction to the study of Hitler's Germany. tracing the outline that led to Hitler's rise to power and concluding with the plans of mass destruction of world Jewry, Burrin simplifies this Black period in Europe's his. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Rethinking the Holocaust Yehuda Bauer, 2001 Yehuda Bauer, one of the world's premier historians of the Holocaust, here presents an insightful overview and reconsideration of its history and meaning. Drawing on research he and other historians have done in recent years, he offers fresh opinions on such basic issues as how to define and explain the Holocaust; whether it can be compared with other genocides; how Jews reacted to the murder campaign against them; and what the connection is between the Holocaust and the establishment of Israel.--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Swedish Jews and the Holocaust Pontus Rudberg, 2017 The first phase (1933-1938) -- The second phase (from November 1938 to the outbreak of the war) -- The third phase (from the outbreak of the war to September 1941) -- The fourth phase (1941-1945) -- The Swedish Jews and the Holocaust |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: In the Midst of Civilized Europe: Jeffrey Veidlinger, 2021-10-12 Winner of the Canadian Jewish Literary Award for History From the two-time winner of the Canadian Jewish Book Award, the first full depiction of the wave of anti-Jewish pogroms that followed the Russian Revolution and how they laid the groundwork for the Holocaust Finalist for the Lionel Gelber Prize and a National Jewish Book Award Between 1918 and 1921, over 100,000 Jews were murdered in Ukraine by peasants, townspeople and soldiers who blamed them for the turmoil of the Russian Revolution. In hundreds of separate incidents, ordinary people robbed their Jewish neighbours with impunity, burned down their houses, ripped apart their Torah scrolls, sexually assaulted them and killed them. Largely forgotten today, these pogroms—ethnic riots—dominated headlines and international affairs in their time. Aid workers warned that six million Jews were in danger of extermination. Twenty years later, these dire predictions would come true. Drawing upon long-neglected archival materials, including thousands of newly discovered witness testimonies, trial records and official orders, acclaimed historian Jeffrey Veidlinger shows for the first time how this wave of genocidal violence created the conditions for the Holocaust. Through stories of survivors, perpetrators, aid workers and government officials, he explains how so many different groups of people came to the same conclusion: that killing Jews was an acceptable response to their various problems. In riveting prose, In the Midst of Civilized Europe repositions the pogroms as a defining moment of the twentieth century. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Sources of Holocaust Research Raul Hilberg, 2001 Hilberg distills a lifetime of scholarly investigation into an indispensable primer on the use of sources in the writing of Holocaust history. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Holocaust and the Literary Imagination Lawrence L. Langer, 1977 A critical and interpretive study of the literature of atrocity, major imaginative writing inspired and informed by the Holocaust, examining works in English translation by such writers as Aichinger, Boll, Kosinski, Lind, Sachs, Schwarz-Bart, and Wiesel. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: 'Final Solution' Götz Aly, 1999 Making extensive use of archives, Aly provides a detailed reconstruction of the Final Solution. He illustrated the lunacy of Nazi race policy and the variety of agencies that went into the gradual shaping of a policy of all-out genocide. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Holocaust Poetry Hilda Schiff, 2002 A compilation of 119 poems by fifty-nine writers, including such notables as Primo Levi, Elie Wiesel, Stephen Spender, and Anne Sexton, captures the suffering, courage, and rage of the victims of the Holocaust. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The End Ian Kershaw, 2011 Examines why the Third Reich was able to resist surrender for months after they had clearly lost World War II, drawing on testimony from civilians and former military insiders to discuss the Nazis' psychological power over German citizens. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion Sergei Nilus, Victor Emile Marsden, 2019-02-26 The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is almost certainly fiction, but its impact was not. Originating in Russia, it landed in the English-speaking world where it caused great consternation. Much is made of German anti-semitism, but there was fertile soil for The Protocols across Europe and even in America, thanks to Henry Ford and others. |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Holocaust. The Destruction of European Jewry 1933 - 1945. (1. Print.) Nora Levin, 1968 |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: Holocaust , 1968 |
| the holocaust the destruction of european jewry: The Destruction of the European Jews Raul Hilberg, 1985 Appendix A: German ranks. Appendix B: Statistics of Jewish dead. Appendix C: Notation on sources. Index: pp. 1233-1274. |
The Holocaust - Wikipedia
From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied …
Holocaust | Definition, Concentration Camps, History, & F…
Jun 10, 2025 · The Holocaust was the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children …
Holocaust: Definition, Remembrance & Meaning - HISTO…
Oct 14, 2009 · The Holocaust was the state-sponsored persecution and mass murder of millions of European Jews, Romani people, …
Introduction to the Holocaust - United States Holocaust Memoria…
Sep 20, 2024 · The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million European Jews by the …
The Holocaust | The National WWII Museum | New Orleans
The Holocaust was Nazi Germany’s deliberate, organized, state-sponsored persecution and genocide of European …
The Holocaust - Wikipedia
From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.
Holocaust | Definition, Concentration Camps, History, & Facts
Jun 10, 2025 · The Holocaust was the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during …
Holocaust: Definition, Remembrance & Meaning - HISTORY
Oct 14, 2009 · The Holocaust was the state-sponsored persecution and mass murder of millions of European Jews, Romani people, the intellectually disabled, political dissidents and …
Introduction to the Holocaust - United States Holocaust …
Sep 20, 2024 · The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million European Jews by the Nazi German regime and its allies and collaborators. The …
The Holocaust | The National WWII Museum | New Orleans
The Holocaust was Nazi Germany’s deliberate, organized, state-sponsored persecution and genocide of European Jews. During the war, the Nazi regime and their collaborators …
What was the Holocaust?
The Holocaust was the attempt by Nazi Germany and its collaborators to murder the Jews of Europe.
What was the Holocaust? – The Holocaust Explained: Designed …
The Holocaust is the term for the genocide of around six million Jews by the Nazi regime and their collaborators during the Second World War. The Holocaust is also sometimes referred to as …
Learn about the Holocaust - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its allies and collaborators. Learn more in the Museum’s Holocaust …
What was the Holocaust? How Vast was the Crime - Yad Vashem.
The Holocaust was unprecedented genocide, total and systematic, perpetrated by Nazi Germany and its collaborators, with the aim of annihilating the Jewish people. The primary motivation …
What was the Holocaust? - Ohio
Between the Nazi rise to power in 1933 and the Allies’ successful defeat of the German army in 1945, the German state and its collaborators systematically persecuted and murdered millions …
