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| the four asian tigers economic development: Asian Godfathers Joe Studwell, 2010-09-03 40 or 50 families control the economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia. Their interests range from banking to property, from shipping to sugar, from vice to gambling. 13 of the 50 richest families in the world are in South East Asia yet they are largely unknown outside confined business circles. Often this is because they control the press and television as well as everything else. How do they do it? What are their secrets? And is it good news or bad for the places where they operate? Joe Studwell explosively lifts the lid on a world of staggering secrecy and shows that the little most people know is almost entirely wrong. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: The Four Asian Tigers Eun Mee Kim, 1998 Since the end of World War II, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan have undergone unprecedented economic and social upheaval. Each economy has attained sustained economic development by taking advantage of and utilizing the global geo-economic politics of the Cold War. This economic growth has also produced dramatic changes in the societal values, ideas, politics, and culture of these countries. This book examines these changes by looking at the political and private players involved in the last three decades and explores their historical significance and what roles these tigers will play in the future of the global economy. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Social Trust and Economic Development O. Yul Kwon, 2019 In just one generation, South Korea has transformed from a recipient of foreign aid to a member of the G20. In this informative book, South Korea is used as a case by which to explore and illustrate specific issues arising from the complex relationships between the nation’s economic development and society. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 10.0px Arial} |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Through the Eyes of Tiger Cubs Mark L. Clifford, Janet Pau, 2011-10-11 What will Asia look like ten years from now? Find out by taking a look through the eyes of the Asia's next generation of leaders Following economic booms in Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan—the four Asian Tigers—attention has shifted to success stories in other Asian economies. However, a number of challenges have also emerged that could threaten the region's development over the next decade. Through the Eyes of Tiger Cubs offers a unique glimpse into the younger generation's view of Asia's future. It draws on the perspective of more than 80 visionary young Asians, who have identified the key issues and who see innovative solutions for areas as diverse as education and labor markets, demographics and healthcare, energy and the environment, and governance and geopolitics. The book's insights are based on a collection of think-pieces from a broad range of young Asians—the result of a competition organized by the Asia Business Council, Time magazine, the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, as well as additional research by the Council. The book is unique in that it: Provides a viewpoint in contrast to the usual perspective of businesses, governments, economists, and journalists Brings together the responses of almost a hundred young Asian thinkers to the questions What is the biggest challenge facing Asia over the next ten years? Why? and What should be done about it? Offers policy makers, business leaders, and others who are concerned about the future of Asia a unique glimpse into the younger generation's vision The next generation has a high stake in ensuring Asia's long-term growth. Gain a unique perspective on how the leaders of tomorrow see the future. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Governing the Market Robert Wade, 2018-06-05 Published originally in 1990 to critical acclaim, Robert Wade's Governing the Market quickly established itself as a standard in contemporary political economy. In it, Wade challenged claims both of those who saw the East Asian story as a vindication of free market principles and of those who attributed the success of Taiwan and other countries to government intervention. Instead, Wade turned attention to the way allocation decisions were divided between markets and public administration and the synergy between them. Now, in a new introduction to this paperback edition, Wade reviews the debate about industrial policy in East and Southeast Asia and chronicles the changing fortunes of these economies over the 1990s. He extends the original argument to explain the boom of the first half of the decade and the crash of the second, stressing the links between corporations, banks, governments, international capital markets, and the International Monetary Fund. From this, Wade goes on to outline a new agenda for national and international development policy. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: The Rise of Asia Frank B. Tipton, 1998-05-01 For many years, Japan was seen as the peculiar exception in Asia: a highly dynamic economy isolated in an otherwise moribund continent. With the rise of the Southeast Asian and Chinese economies, however, it has now become clear that Asia as a whole is experiencing an extraordinary revolution which will result, within a very few years, in living standards for some countries being on a par with those in the West. The results of this transformation can only be guessed at, but The Rise of Asia adds a far greater sophistication to our understanding of how this process came about, treating the key areas of Asian life (economics, society and politics) as an integrated whole and avoiding the trap of most commentators, who see the phenomenon as an exclusively postwar economic issue. Balancing the uniquely Asian aspects with global developmental factors, Dr. Tipton creates a convincing picture of how this amazing change has occurred. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Four Little Dragons the Spread of Industrialization in East Asia Ezra F. Vogel, 1991 A new wave of industrialization; Taiwan; South Korea; Hong Kong and Singapore; Toward and explanation. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Learning from the Asian Tigers Sanjaya Lall, 1996-11-04 This is a collection of papers on industrial policy - the role of governments in promoting industrial development - and the particular significance of technology development. Two essays deal with the general debate on industrial policy and the nature of technology development; two are critical appraisals of the World Bank's approach to the debate on governments and markets; four are case studies of policy making on aspects of industrialisation, three in Asia and one in Africa. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Asian Tigers, African Lions Bernard Berendsen, 2013 Asian Tigers, African Lions is an anthology of contributions by scholars and (former) diplomats related to the 'Tracking Development' research project, funded by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and coordinated by the African Studies Centre and KITLV, both in Leiden, in collaboration with scholars based in Africa and Asia. The project compared the performance of growth and development of four pairs of countries in Southeast Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa during the last sixty years. It tried to answer the question how two regions with comparable levels of income per capita in the 1950s could diverge so rapidly. Why are there so many Asian tigers and not yet so many African lions? What could Africa learn from Southeast Asian development trajectories? |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Explaining Miracles William Russell Easterly, 1994 Large positive residuals, such as those associated with the high performance of the Four Tigers, have historically been transitory. The stratospheric trajectory of the Four should be heading back toward earth soon. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Studying Hong Kong: 20 Years Of Political, Economic And Social Developments Tai Wei Lim, Tuan Yuen Kong, 2018-05-02 This book captures the essence of Hong Kong's development in the past two decades from 1997 to 2017. It is broken into four parts — economics, society, politics and culture.Hong Kong's role remains as a gateway for global trading houses, businessmen, investors and traders. Hong Kong continues to be an open economy and has stuck to free trade policies, as one of the former four successful 'tiger economies' in East Asia. In the political and international relations realm, this book examines Hong Kong's relations with China, other major powers and the world at large. It also covers domestic developments, including legal developments. Other chapters in the book examine cultural developments in Hong Kong from specific case studies of iconic animation character to trans-boundary popularity of Hong Kong popular culture in China.With contributions from Alvin CAMBA, Henry CHAN, Yoshihisa GODO, Wing Lok HUNG, Sean KING, Tuan Yuen KONG, Tai Wei LIM, Carol MA, Samantha MA, Parama SINHA PALIT, Zhengqi PAN, SIM Japanese Culture and Gaming Society, Hiroshi TAKAHASHI, Ghim Yeow TAN, Katherine TSENG, Elim WONG, Kai Keat YEO and Chun Wang YEUNG, this book provides a snapshot of Hong Kong in the past twenty years and is a fascinating read. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Social Development in Asia Kwong-leung Tang, 2000-05-31 Most Asian countries have shown a strong commitment to rapid economic development. Economists have argued that the fruits from economic development will be spread equitably throughout the population. In the absence of a strong tradition of social rights, social development in Asia has long been taken for granted. This collection documents social development in the Asian countries of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand and India and concludes that social development has lagged behind economic development. This has given rise to `distorted development' in many countries. Serious development problems of poverty and inequalities have lingered even in these economically advanced countries of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. These problems have been exacerbated in the wake of the Asian economic crisis. In order to harmonize social development with economic growth, Asian states ought to be more proactive in their development agendas. As a text on social development in Asia, this book is primarily intended for practitioners and students of social work, social administration, and social policy. It is also relevant for students and practitioners of sociology, economics, and public policy. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Education and Training for Development in East Asia David Ashton, Francis Green, Donna James, Johnny Sung, 2005-08-04 The East Asian miracle, or its supposed demise, is always news. The Four Tiger economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea have experienced some of the fastest rates of economic growth ever achieved. This book provides the first detailed analysis of the development of education and training systems in Asia, and the relationship with the process of economic growth. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Institutions and Chinese Economic Development Li Tan, 2021-10 China's rise as an economic power has posed some challenging questions: how did China achieve GDP growth that was even faster than the Asian Tigers? Is the Chinese model superior? Why hasn't the rapid economic growth lead to democracy in the country as many observers expected? And can China sustain its rapid economic growth with its existing social system? Institutions and Chinese Economic Development: A Comparative Historical Approach explores these questions by studying the historical relationship between institutions and economic development in China, drawing comparisons with England, Japan and other Asian economies as appropriate. The investigation focuses on several junctures in China's economic development: the starting point of the divergence between China and the West; the externally-provoked industrial development in the late nineteenth century; and the contemporary Chinese Miracle. The analysis foregrounds the role played by Chinese institutions and examines their effects on both the country's failure to industrialize in the past and its economic achievements in recent time. The book also asks whether, without reform to the existing state institutions, China might still be subject to the historical dynastic cycles today, despite its recent economic success. This work is of great interest to students and scholars of the Chinese economy, economic history and institutional economics, as well as comparative history and Chinese studies more broadly. Li Tan is a retired economist and former senior research analyst at a large financial company in New York. Holding a Ph.D. in economics, she has also worked at economic forecasting firms, and taught economics at universities in the USA-- |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Asia's Turning Point Ivan Tselichtchev, Philippe Debroux, 2012-11-26 Asia was probably the biggest economic sensation of the post-war decades. The breathtaking success of Japan was followed by a remarkable rise of four tigers, then ASEAN founder states and then China. The Asian miracle became a commonly accepted definition of this success. In the late 1970s and especially 80s it became clear that the balance of power in the world had changed. Politicians, businessmen, scholars began to talk about the new Asia Pacific age and Asian economic model, different from and, maybe, even superior to Western capitalism. However, in 1997-98 the Asian economic crisis came and made the region a sick man. Six years before that Japan, the regional powerhouse entered more than a decade-long period of stagnation. The miracle was over. However, the crisis was overcome within a surprisingly short period of time. Naturally, the question arises: What now? What is going on in the region after the miracle and after the crisis? What is today's face of Asian capitalism and how should we view its performance? Readers interested in regional developments will find a lot of literature about miracle decades and crisis years. However, few analysts have addressed the challenging questions addressed in this book. The authors vividly show that Asian capitalism is undergoing a radical structural transformation. These changes are directly affecting its key institutions: governments, companies, labor relations, etc. As a result Asian economic systems are becoming much closer to the Western-style, especially Anglo-Saxon capitalism, though the region retains some important specific features, especially regarding business culture. This book is a must for business people worldwide, for all those who study the region in colleges and business schools, for people engaged in various international activities and, finally, for all those who want learn more about our world at the dawn of the new century. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Stakeholder Capitalism Klaus Schwab, 2021-01-06 Reimagining our global economy so it becomes more sustainable and prosperous for all Our global economic system is broken. But we can replace the current picture of global upheaval, unsustainability, and uncertainty with one of an economy that works for all people, and the planet. First, we must eliminate rising income inequality within societies where productivity and wage growth has slowed. Second, we must reduce the dampening effect of monopoly market power wielded by large corporations on innovation and productivity gains. And finally, the short-sighted exploitation of natural resources that is corroding the environment and affecting the lives of many for the worse must end. The debate over the causes of the broken economy—laissez-faire government, poorly managed globalization, the rise of technology in favor of the few, or yet another reason—is wide open. Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy that Works for Progress, People and Planet argues convincingly that if we don't start with recognizing the true shape of our problems, our current system will continue to fail us. To help us see our challenges more clearly, Schwab—the Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum—looks for the real causes of our system's shortcomings, and for solutions in best practices from around the world in places as diverse as China, Denmark, Ethiopia, Germany, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Singapore. And in doing so, Schwab finds emerging examples of new ways of doing things that provide grounds for hope, including: Individual agency: how countries and policies can make a difference against large external forces A clearly defined social contract: agreement on shared values and goals allows government, business, and individuals to produce the most optimal outcomes Planning for future generations: short-sighted presentism harms our shared future, and that of those yet to be born Better measures of economic success: move beyond a myopic focus on GDP to more complete, human-scaled measures of societal flourishing By accurately describing our real situation, Stakeholder Capitalism is able to pinpoint achievable ways to deal with our problems. Chapter by chapter, Professor Schwab shows us that there are ways for everyone at all levels of society to reshape the broken pieces of the global economy and—country by country, company by company, and citizen by citizen—glue them back together in a way that benefits us all. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Economic Growth in Asia Steven C. Radelet, 1997 |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Resurgent Asia Deepak Nayyar, 2019 Over the last fifty years Asia has transformed beyond recognition. Resurgent Asia provides an analytical narrative of Asia's incredible development situated in the wider context of historical, political, and social factors. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Growth in East Asia Mr.Michael Sarel, 1995-09-01 This paper examines the different arguments raised by the studies that addressed the East Asian growth experience. The original arguments presented in this paper are all on the negative side, highlighting problems associated with some of the possible explanations for the East Asian miracle. The paper concentrates mainly on four dimensions of the debate about the East Asian growth experience: (i) The nature of economic growth intensive or extensive?; (ii) The role of public policy and of selective interventions; (iii) The role of high investment rates and a strong export orientation as possible engines of growth; and (iv) The importance of the initial conditions and their relevance for policy. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Industrial Development In Singapore, Taiwan, & South Korea Leung-chuen Chau, Francis T Lui, Kai Sun Kwong, Larry Dongxiao Qiu, 2001-09-04 Economic analysis of the industrial experiences of the newly industrialized economies in Asia is generally lacking in the literature. This study attempts to fill that void by providing an in-depth discussion on the economic impact of the industrial policies of Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea in the three-and-a-half decades after 1960.Throughout the study, a broad perspective of macroeconomic development is maintained. It is highly critical of the narrow-minded objective of certain governments in maximizing the pace of industrialization at the expense of general economic well-being.A comparative analysis of the industrial experiences of the three economies also shows a diversity of constraints and processes. Singapore relied on multinational corporations, Taiwan on returned engineers, and South Korea on chaebols. There appears to be no Asian formula for industrialization.In Hong Kong, there is an ongoing debate on whether some form of industrial policy should be introduced, in view of the perception that Hong Kong is lagging behind the other economies in terms of technology. Drawing on the experiences of the other economies, the concluding chapter of the book provides an informed and balanced answer to this question. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Demystifying the Chinese Economy Justin Yifu Lin, 2012 An insightful account of the remarkable transition of the Chinese economy from impoverished backwater to economic powerhouse. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: The East Asian Miracle , 1993 |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Banking System Developments in the Four Asian Tigers Chan-guk Huh, 1997 |
| the four asian tigers economic development: The Dynamics of Economic Growth Vu Minh Khuong, 2013 The advancement of a nation from poverty to prosperity is not a technical process but a great transformation. At the center of this change are two driving forces - emotion, which is referred to as aspiration, anxiety, and sense of responsibility; and enlightenment, which is associated with the freedom from dogmatism, open-mindedness, and the hunger for learning. It is these two factors that have determined not only the remarkable success of Asia in economic development but also the uniqueness of its growth model. This book examines the rise of Asia in the past two decades and draws lessons from its growth patterns. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Dependence and Underdevelopment: Latin America's Political Economy James D. Cockcroft, Andre Gunder Frank, Dale L. Johnson, 1972 This book challenges all of the most commonly held ideas regarding underdevelopment. The process of development, say the authors, is not a matter of higher Gross National Products, which to the contrary, often serve to increase a country's long-run underdevelopment. Meaningful development is a political as well as an economic process, which improves the quality of life for the people of a country. The authors argue that underdevelopment, far from being an original or natural condition of the countries of the so-called Third World, is a condition imposed by the international expansion of capitalism. The authors go on dispute some common assumptions regarding industrialization, economic aid, and the allegedly progressive nature of the international expansion of capitalism. The authors go on to dispute some common assumptions regarding industrialization, economic aid, and the allegedly progressive nature of native bourgeoisies. The theory of development and underdevelopment presented in this book is supported by case studies of Mexico, Venezuela, Chile and other Latin American nations, but the implications extend to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the internal colonies of the United States. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Growth Theories in Light of the East Asian Experience Takatoshi Ito, Anne O. Krueger, 1995-03-15 The contributors to this volume analyze the growth experiences of Japan, Korea, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan in light of the recently developed endogenous growth theory to provide an understanding of the economic boom in East Asia. The theory explored in this volume attributes the phenomenal economic success of these countries to, among other factors, the role of an outward orientation—a focus on exporting rather than on protecting home markets. In addition, the importance of exchange rate behavior, of the supportive role of government policy, and of the accumulation and promotion of physical and human capital are explored in detail. This collection also examines the extent to which growth in each country became self-sustaining once it began. Demonstrating the relevance of endogenous growth theory for studying this important region, this fourth volume in the NBER-East Asia Seminar on Economics series will be of interest to observers of East Asian affairs. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: How China Escaped Shock Therapy Isabella M. Weber, 2021-05-26 China has become deeply integrated into the world economy. Yet, gradual marketization has facilitated the country’s rise without leading to its wholesale assimilation to global neoliberalism. This book uncovers the fierce contest about economic reforms that shaped China’s path. In the first post-Mao decade, China’s reformers were sharply divided. They agreed that China had to reform its economic system and move toward more marketization—but struggled over how to go about it. Should China destroy the core of the socialist system through shock therapy, or should it use the institutions of the planned economy as market creators? With hindsight, the historical record proves the high stakes behind the question: China embarked on an economic expansion commonly described as unprecedented in scope and pace, whereas Russia’s economy collapsed under shock therapy. Based on extensive research, including interviews with key Chinese and international participants and World Bank officials as well as insights gleaned from unpublished documents, the book charts the debate that ultimately enabled China to follow a path to gradual reindustrialization. Beyond shedding light on the crossroads of the 1980s, it reveals the intellectual foundations of state-market relations in reform-era China through a longue durée lens. Overall, the book delivers an original perspective on China’s economic model and its continuing contestations from within and from without. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1994 Stanley Fischer, Julio J. Rotemberg, 1994 This is the ninth in a series of annuals from the National Bureau of Economic Research that are designed to stimulate research on problems in applied economics, to bring frontier theoretical developments to a wider audience, and to accelerate the interaction between analytical and empirical research in macroeconomics. Contents On the Speed of Transition in Eastern Europe, Philippe Aghion and Olivier Jean Blanchard * The Costs of Business Cycles with Incomplete Markets, Andrew Atkeson and Christopher Phelan * The U.S. Fiscal Problem: Where We Are, How We Got Here and Where We Are Going, Alan Auerbach * The East Asian Miracle Economies, John Page * What Ends Recessions? Christina Romer and David Romer * Toward a Modern Macroeconomic Model Usable for Policy Analysis, Christopher Sims and Eric Leeper |
| the four asian tigers economic development: WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY. (PRODUCT ID 23958336). CAITLIN. FINLAYSON, 2019 |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Strategic Coupling Henry Wai-chung Yeung, 2016-05-24 In Strategic Coupling, Henry Wai-chung Yeung examines economic development and state-firm relations in East Asia, focusing in particular on South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. As a result of the massive changes of the last twenty-five years, new explanations must be found for the economic success and industrial transformation in the region. State-assisted startups and incubator firms in East Asia have become major players in the manufacture of products with a global reach: Taiwan's Hon Hai Precision has assembled more than 500 million iPhones, for instance, and South Korea’s Samsung provides the iPhone’s semiconductor chips and retina displays.Drawing on extensive interviews with top executives and senior government officials, Yeung argues that since the late 1980s, many East Asian firms have outgrown their home states, and are no longer dependent on state support; as a result the developmental state has lost much of its capacity to steer and direct industrialization. We cannot read the performance of national firms as a direct outcome of state action. Yeung calls for a thorough renovation of the still-dominant view that states are the primary engine of industrial transformation. He stresses action by national firms and traces various global production networks to incorporate both firm-specific activities and the international political economy. He identifies two sets of dynamics in these national-global articulations known as strategic coupling: coevolution in the confluence of state, firm, and global production networks, and the various strategies pursued by East Asian firms to attain competitive positions in the global marketplace. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: The Caucasian Tiger Saumya Mitra, 2007 This publication examines the factors underlying Armenia's stellar economic growth record, which has led to the country's emergence as a pre-eminent reformer among the former Soviet republics. It describes how Armenia created an environment of macroeconomic stability and pursued market economic reforms, but its central focus is on the reform agenda of the future. Therefore, this book is intended not only as a case study of success in post-Soviet economic transition, but also as a candid piece of policy advice for the future. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Asia Rising Hal Hill, Maria Socorro Gochoco-Bautista, 2013-01-01 'This book provides a coherent and current account of how India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and the People's Republic of China coped with the Asian financial crisis of the 1990s and the recent global economic recession, and how they may address future challenges in maintaining growth in difficult times. It features a valuable overview of issues from a regional perspective, five chapters on general elements and obstacles in development, and individual chapters on the experience of each of the six countries. Every chapter is replete with relevant institutional and statistical data. The volume fills a void in the literature and is highly recommended for graduate students and for economists concerned with contemporary Asia.' – Peter Drake, The University of New England and Australian Catholic University, Australia 'To understand what makes Asia tick in the face of continuing global uncertainty and instability one has to go beyond numbers into the region's psyche and idiosyncrasies. This volume provides an interestingly intrusive and refreshingly insightful analysis of a highly complex phenomenon that defies generalizations as shown by the diversity of individual country experiences.' – Mohamed Ariff, International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance (INCEIF), Malaysia The center of global economic activity is shifting rapidly towards Asia, driven by a combination of the economic dynamism of the People's Republic of China, India, and other middle-income Asian countries, and sluggish growth in the OECD economies. The rapid growth and rising global prominence have raised a range of major challenges for Asia and for the rest of the world. This comprehensive, forward-looking book examines these issues through in-depth studies of major Asian economies and an analysis of the key development policy options. The contributors, leading international authorities in their field, explore cross-cutting thematic issues with special reference to developing Asia. They address a broad range of subjects including: investment and productivity, savings and the savings–investment relationship, financial development, the provision of infrastructure, and governance and institutions. Detailed country studies focusing on the People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand not only provide an analytical narrative for each case study, but also draw attention to the similarities and diversity within the region. This challenging and thought-provoking book will prove an important point of reference for scholars, researchers, and students in the fields of economics, development economics, and Asian studies. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Demystifying the World Economic Development Justin Yifu Lin, Caihui Fu, 2024-10-22 Taking the new structural economics as the theoretical tools, this book obtains the maximum understanding of the history, development, current situation, and trend of the change of world economic structure, as well as China's role in its development and its underlying laws and policies, analyzes the polarization between the rich and poor for countries worldwide, and provides a way for them to achieve common prosperity. The world is going through a new round of major transformation. Profound adjustment has been made in international economy, science, culture, security, and politics, and the international development environment is undergoing profound changes. In this context, this book profoundly and systematically explains the underlying economic transition logic of world development and the general trend of China’s relationship with the world and presents the entire process of world economic development. Readers who pay close attention to the development of the world economy, China's economic development, and China's role in the world economy will find this book very fascinating. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Paths to the Emerging State in Asia and Africa Keijiro Otsuka, Kaoru Sugihara, 2019-01-16 This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND license. This book addresses the issue of how a country, which was incorporated into the world economy as a periphery, could make a transition to the emerging state, capable of undertaking the task of economic development and industrialization. It offers historical and contemporary case studies of transition, as well as the international background under which such a transition was successfully made (or delayed), by combining the approaches of economic history and development economics. Its aim is to identify relevant historical contexts, that is, the ‘initial conditions’ and internal and external forces which governed the transition. It also aims to understand what current low-income developing countries require for their transition. Three economic driving forces for the transition are identified. They are: (1) labor-intensive industrialization, which offers ample employment opportunities for labor force; (2) international trade, which facilitates efficient international division of labor; and (3) agricultural development, which improves food security by increasing supply of staple foods. The book presents a bold account of each driver for the transition. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: The Asian Developmental State Yin-wah Chu, 2016-04-08 This volume re-examines the concept of the developmental state by providing further theoretical specifications, undertaking critical appraisal and theoretical re-interpretation, assessing its value for the emerging economies of China and India, and considering its applicability to South Korea and Taiwan. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: The Synergy Theory on Economic Growth: Comparative Study Between China and Developed Countries Jianhua Liu, Zhaohua Jiang, 2018-09-21 The book constructs the Synergy Theory, a new theory of economic growth and calculation methodology. The book involves empirical comparative study on economic growth between China and the 14 developed countries, and on the basis of the synergy theory, divides GDP into labor compensation, capital income, and synergistic benefits, further establishes the new empirical model including the major determined factors of economic growth, such as growth of physical capital stock, growth of investment in physical capital, improvement of science and technology, improvement of human capital quality, labor force growth, institutional innovation and economic externalies. Subsequently, it uses the method of Data Envelopment Analysis to calculate the contribution of institutional innovation to economic growth, and it also focuses on the analysis of the determining factors of economic growth. Based on the analysis above, the new theory has been tested and the countermeasures and suggestions involving China's innovation-driven economy have been proposed. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: Break Through Ted Nordhaus, Michael Shellenberger, 2007 Publisher description |
| the four asian tigers economic development: The Miracle Michael Schuman, 2009-06-23 “If you are interested in how Asia became an economic tiger, read The Miracle.” —New York Times An international bestseller, The Miracle by business journalist Michael Schuman offers a fascinating exploration of the most meaningful and far-reaching global event since World War II: the economic ascent of the Asian continent. CNN’s Wolf Blitzer calls The Miracle, “An amazing story and it’s all true,” while the New York Times praises Schuman for being, “not just a skilled reporter [but] also a gifted journalistic storyteller.” The Miracle is essential reading for anyone who truly wants to understand today’s—and tomorrow’s—world. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: International Capital Markets International Monetary Fund, 2000-09-11 Following a review and assesment of recent developments in capital market and banking systems, this year's International Capital Markets report review and assesses recent developments in mature and emerging financial markets and continues the analysis of key issues affecting global financial markets. It examines the systemic implications of the continued rapid development of the global over-the-counter derivatives markets and the expansion of foreign-owned banks into emerging markets. The report also analyzes market participants assessments of the proposals for private sector involvement in the prevention and resolution of crises. |
| the four asian tigers economic development: The Developmental State Meredith Woo-Cumings, 2019-06-30 Developmental state, n.: the government, motivated by desire for economic advancement, intervenes in industrial affairs. The notion of the developmental state has come under attack in recent years. Critics charge that Japan's success in putting this notion into practice has not been replicated elsewhere, that the concept threatens the purity of freemarket economics, and that its shortcomings have led to financial turmoil in Asia. In this informative and thought-provoking book, a team of distinguished scholars revisits this notion to assess its continuing utility and establish a common vocabulary for debates on these issues. Drawing on new political and economic theories and emphasizing recent events, the authors examine the East Asian experience to show how the developmental state involves a combination of political, bureaucratic, and moneyed influences that shape economic life in the region. Taking as its point of departure Chalmers Johnson's account of the Japanese developmental state, the book explores the interplay of forces that have determined the structure of opportunity in the region. The authors critically address the argument for centralized political involvement in industrial development (with a new contribution by Johnson), describe the historical impact of colonialism and the Cold War, consider new ideas in economics, and compare the experiences of East Asian countries with those of France, Brazil, Mexico, and India. |
Four - Buy Now, Pay Later
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4 - Wikipedia
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in …
Four - definition of four by The Free Dictionary
1. a cardinal number, three plus one. 2. a symbol of this number, 4 or IV or IIII. 3. a set of this many persons or things. 4. a. an automobile powered by a four-cylinder engine. b. the engine …
FOUR Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Four definition: a cardinal number, three plus one.. See examples of FOUR used in a sentence.
FOUR | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
FOUR meaning: 1. the number 4: 2. a team of four people in rowing, or the boat that they use 3. in cricket, four…. Learn more.
Four Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Four definition: The cardinal number equal to 3 + 1.
four - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford ...
Definition of four in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
FOUR definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary
7 senses: 1. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one 2. a numeral, 4, IV, etc, representing this number 3..... Click for more definitions.
FOUR Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of FOUR is a number that is one more than three. How to use four in a sentence.
4 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In mathematics, the number four is an even number and the smallest composite number. Four is also the second square number after one. A small minority of people have four fingers on each …
Four - Buy Now, Pay Later
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4 - Wikipedia
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in …
Four - definition of four by The Free Dictionary
1. a cardinal number, three plus one. 2. a symbol of this number, 4 or IV or IIII. 3. a set of this many persons or things. 4. a. an automobile powered by a four-cylinder engine. b. the engine …
FOUR Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Four definition: a cardinal number, three plus one.. See examples of FOUR used in a sentence.
FOUR | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
FOUR meaning: 1. the number 4: 2. a team of four people in rowing, or the boat that they use 3. in cricket, four…. Learn more.
Four Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Four definition: The cardinal number equal to 3 + 1.
four - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford ...
Definition of four in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
FOUR definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary
7 senses: 1. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one 2. a numeral, 4, IV, etc, representing this number 3..... Click for more definitions.
FOUR Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of FOUR is a number that is one more than three. How to use four in a sentence.
4 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In mathematics, the number four is an even number and the smallest composite number. Four is also the second square number after one. A small minority of people have four fingers on each …
