Advertisement
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Grammar and Workbook Fidèle Mpiranya, 2014-10-10 Swahili Grammar and Workbook provides a practical and comprehensive companion to Swahili grammar, filling in gaps left by other textbooks. Presenting the essentials of Swahili grammar in a highly accessible fashion, it reduces complex language topics to helpful rules and mnemonic aids, enabling maximum grammar retention and accurate usage. Grammar points are followed by multiple examples and exercises, allowing students to consolidate and practice their learning. No prior knowledge of linguistic terminology is required. Key features include: Twenty five language notes covering key topics such as: personal pronouns; the Swahili noun class system; special class combinations; the imperative, the subjunctive, and the conditional moods; the use of comparatives; the use of monosyllabic verbs; the passive form and various other forms of verb extensions; the relative clause Clear, detailed and jargon-free grammatical explanations supported by an assortment of helpful diagrams, charts and tables and many relevant and up-to-date examples A wide range of communication-oriented exercises to reinforce learning and develop students’ ability to use Swahili actively Audio files to support pronunciation practice, clearly linked to relevant sections of the book and available for free download at http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9781138808263/ Four appendices, Swahili-English and English-Swahili vocabulary lists, a bibliography and an index presented at the back of the book for easy access to information. Written by a highly experienced instructor, Swahili Grammar and Workbook will be an essential resource for all students and teachers of Swahili. It is suitable for use both as a companion reference text in language courses and as a standalone text in independent grammar classes. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Modern Swahili Grammar Mohamed Abdulla Mohamed, 2001 Modern Swahili Grammar is an important contribution to the study of Swahili grammar from pedagogical and lingustic perspectives, and thus relevant to both students of Swahili and scholars of linguistics and sociolinguistics. At a descriptive level, the book covers phonology, morphology and syntax. The following areas of Swahili grammar are also covered in detail: affixes, derivation, inflection, parts of speech, relatives, tenses, demonstratives of reference, pronominalisation, phrases, clauses and sentences. Grammatical explanations are always followed by exercises and comprehensive vocabulary lists are also included. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Grammar for Introductory and Intermediate Levels Oswald Almasi, Michael David Fallon, Nazish Pardhan Wared, 2014-09-24 This comprehensive book is intended for university students and anyone interested in learning Standard Swahili grammar as spoken in the East African Community of Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. On completing this book, the reader will be able to read, write and converse in Swahili with confidence. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Grammar and Vocabulary A. E. Burt, 1910 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Grammar and Vocabulary , 1917 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Colloquial Swahili Lutz Marten, Donovan Lee McGrath, Donovan Lee Mcgrath, 2015-08-14 Authentic, contemporary language Plenty of exercises Clear and concise grammar explanations Accompanied by audio material |
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Grammar and Workbook Fidèle Mpiranya, 2014-10-10 Swahili Grammar and Workbook provides a practical and comprehensive companion to Swahili grammar, filling in gaps left by other textbooks. Presenting the essentials of Swahili grammar in a highly accessible fashion, it reduces complex language topics to helpful rules and mnemonic aids, enabling maximum grammar retention and accurate usage. Grammar points are followed by multiple examples and exercises, allowing students to consolidate and practice their learning. No prior knowledge of linguistic terminology is required. Key features include: Twenty five language notes covering key topics such as: personal pronouns; the Swahili noun class system; special class combinations; the imperative, the subjunctive, and the conditional moods; the use of comparatives; the use of monosyllabic verbs; the passive form and various other forms of verb extensions; the relative clause Clear, detailed and jargon-free grammatical explanations supported by an assortment of helpful diagrams, charts and tables and many relevant and up-to-date examples A wide range of communication-oriented exercises to reinforce learning and develop students’ ability to use Swahili actively Audio files to support pronunciation practice, clearly linked to relevant sections of the book and available for free download at http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9781138808263/ Four appendices, Swahili-English and English-Swahili vocabulary lists, a bibliography and an index presented at the back of the book for easy access to information. Written by a highly experienced instructor, Swahili Grammar and Workbook will be an essential resource for all students and teachers of Swahili. It is suitable for use both as a companion reference text in language courses and as a standalone text in independent grammar classes. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Made Easy J. F. Safari, 1980 This handy book is a beginner̐ưs complete course in the Swahili language, designed especially for foreigners. The book is a result of the author̐ưs many years of teaching experience. It is divided into two parts: part one covers pronunciation; Swahili greetings and manners; classification of nouns; adjectives, verbs, adverbs, etc. in twenty-eight lessons and thirty-six exercises. part two includes a study of Swahili usage in specific situations (e.g. at home, in the market, on the road, at the airport, etc.); eleven further lessons and thirteen exercises; the key to the exercises in Parts One an. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Grammar and Vocabulary F. Burt, 2011 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Mtoro bin Mwinyi Bakari Ludger Wimmelbcker, 2009 This book presents a study of the life history of Mtoro bin Mwinyi Bakari (c. 1869 - 1927). Mtoro bin Mwinyi Bakari grew up and studied Islamic Sciences in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. He became a Swahili lecturer and author in Germany and is known to have written Desturi za Wasuaheli, an important work in Swahili culture. The book introduces the wider historical context of his writings, and, in particular, reconstructs the racism and discrimination in both the colonial and metropolitan contexts, features which negatively influenced his career and his life as a whole. The study also offers insights into contributions of the colonized to the study of African languages and cultures during this same historical context. |
| swahili grammar exercises: The World's Major Languages Bernard Comrie, 2018-04-17 The World's Major Languages features over 50 of the world's languages and language families. This revised edition includes updated bibliographies for each chapter and up-to-date census figures. The featured languages have been chosen based on the number of speakers, their role as official languages and their cultural and historical importance. Each language is looked at in depth, and the chapters provide information on both grammatical features and on salient features of the language's history and cultural role. The World’s Major Languages is an accessible and essential reference work for linguists. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Kiswahili , 1985 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Grammar (including Intonation) Ethel Ormerod Ashton, 1944 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Routledge Revivals: Language in Tanzania (1980) Edgar C. Polomé, C. P. Hill, 2017-09-29 Originally published in 1980, Language in Tanzania presents a comprehensive overview of the Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in Eastern Africa. Using extensive research carried out by an interdisciplinary group of international and local scholars, the survey also covers Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia. The book represents one of the most in-depth sociolinguistic studies carried out on this region at this time. It provides basic linguistic data necessary to policy-makers, administrators, and educators, and will be of interest to those researching the formulation and execution of language policy. |
| swahili grammar exercises: SWAHILI Thomas J. Hinnebusch, Sarah M. Mirza, 2000-08-01 This is a comprehensive manual intended to teach students the basics of communicating in Swahili at an elementary level. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Central Africa , 1890 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Cataloging and Classification Lois Mai Chan, Theodora Hodges, 2007 Cataloging and Classification, Third Edition, is a text for beginning students and a tool for practicing cataloging personnel. All chapters have been rewritten in this latest edition to incorporate recent developments, particularly the tremendous impact metadata and the Web have had on cataloging and classification. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Practical Swahili Bibliography Van Spaandonck, 1965-12 |
| swahili grammar exercises: A Bibliography of the Negro in Africa and America , 1928 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Practical and Systematical Swahili Bibliography ; Linguistics, 1850-1963 Marcel Van Spaandonck, 1965 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Exercises , 1919 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Let's Learn - Learn Swahili Let's Learn, 2016-12-04 Do You Like To Learn Swahili Language ? Learn Swahili Will Give You The Start Step To Learn It If you are looking for a language guide that holds your hand, works through exercises, or any of that.. this series is not for you. This is basically a Cliff Notes version of language. It has tables of common subjects (colors, numbers, days of the week, etc..) in English on the left and Swahili the right. It's simple, clean, and works very well on a Kindle. ˃˃˃ Do You Want To know tips to learn anything fast? ˃˃˃ Do You Want To know how do to get the energy to study after a long day? ˃˃˃ Do You Want To know How quickly learner study? YOU WILL KNOW ALL THAT AND MORE Learn Swahili Will Help You To learn Swahili Grammar ˃˃˃ Do You Want To Know What To Say In Hotel , Bank , And Train Learn Swahili Will Help You To Say Some Phrases That Useful In Different Positions Also You Will get a large GIFT it is 13 books helping you to learn any second language you like Take a look at table of content before you buy this is book Scroll up and grab a copy today. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Simplified Swahili Peter M. Wilson, 1979 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Time and the Work of Anthropology Johanne Fabian, 2014-01-14 The development of the dialogical approach, the autobiographical perspective and the central role of text-interpretation are all seen as characteristics of post-modern ethnography, arising from the daily chores of field research. The breakthrough into time and history, away from the timeless theorizing of structuralism and functionalism, is seen as inevitable when anthropology is forced to think about its own epistemology. Another current concern is taken up with reflections on the politics of representing the other. In the later essays, he opposes post-modern fashions and re-asserts the need to continue with a truly critical agenda. |
| swahili grammar exercises: A First Swahili Book Alice Werner, Mary H. Werner, 1930 |
| swahili grammar exercises: A Handbook of the Swahili Language Edward Steere, 1884 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Mastering Swahili William Jones, Embark on a transformative journey into the heart of Swahili language and culture with Mastering Swahili: A Comprehensive Guide to Proficiency. This meticulously crafted guide is your passport to linguistic excellence, cultural immersion, and a deeper understanding of the Swahili-speaking world. Unveiling the Linguistic Tapestry: Unlock the secrets of Swahili grammar, pronunciation, and essential vocabulary as you traverse the linguistic landscape. Each chapter is a masterclass, offering a step-by-step exploration of the language's foundations, providing indispensable tools for mastering verb conjugation, noun classes, and the intricacies of sentence construction. Cultural Enrichment Beyond Words: Mastering Swahili is more than a language guide; it's a cultural odyssey. Immerse yourself in the vibrant tapestry of Swahili culture, from traditional ceremonies and celebrations to the rich symbolism embedded in art, music, and cuisine. Gain insights into the social structures, gender roles, and religious diversity that shape the cultural identity of Swahili-speaking communities. Practical Application in Real-life Scenarios: Step into the real-life scenarios where Swahili comes alive. From navigating everyday conversations to excelling in professional settings, this guide equips you with practical language applications. Explore the nuances of Swahili in the digital age, unravel the art of conversation and cultural etiquette, and delve into advanced vocabulary and idiomatic expressions. A Lifelong Learning Mindset: Mastering Swahili isn't just about acquiring a skill; it's about cultivating a lifelong learning mindset. Set realistic goals, celebrate milestones, and stay curious as you navigate the evolving landscape of Swahili language and culture. This guide empowers you to adapt to language evolution, participate in debates, conduct research, and become a mentor to fellow learners. A Cultural Diplomat's Handbook: Become a cultural diplomat as you traverse the global reach of Swahili. This guide explores Swahili as a form of cultural diplomacy, fostering connections across borders and contributing to a more interconnected world. Discover the influence of Swahili in the digital realm, celebrate cultural festivals, and contribute to the preservation of Swahili heritage. Your Comprehensive Swahili Companion: Whether you are a novice eager to embark on the Swahili adventure or an advanced learner seeking cultural depth, Mastering Swahili is your comprehensive companion. Engage with the meticulously curated appendices, delve into recommended resources, and navigate a glossary that unlocks the linguistic treasures of Swahili. Welcome to a World of Proficiency: Mastering Swahili: A Comprehensive Guide to Proficiency is not just a book; it's an invitation to a world of proficiency, cultural richness, and lifelong exploration. Karibu kwenye ulimwengu wa ustadi wa Kiswahili. (Welcome to the world of Swahili proficiency.) Embark on this transformative journey, and let the language and culture of Swahili unfold before you. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Complete Swahili Beginner to Intermediate Course Joan Russell, 2012-04-13 Do you want to be able to listen to, speak, read and write Swahili confidently? Do you want the convenience of being able to learn at home or on the move? Whether you are starting from scratch, or are just out of practice, Teach Yourself Complete Swahili – Touch & Listen will guarantee success! Touch & Listen ebooks are a groundbreaking new approach to language learning that include recordings of pronunciation and conversations within the pages of the books themselves – right where you need them. In the past you used to have to juggle separate books and CDs/MP3s to master listening, speaking, reading and writing. Not anymore. Thanks to the latest enhanced ebook technology, you can learn and practise all four language skills plus grammar and vocabulary from a single ebook that you can read and listen to on your tablet device or smartphone. First, touch the on-screen play buttons and listen to native speakers conversing on scores of current topics. Then rewind. Or pause. Whatever you need to do to make sure you’ve fully understood what you have just listened to. When you are ready, complete the activities with the convenient notes feature. You are in control. It’s that simple. STRUCTURE The course is structured in thematic units based on real-life situations and with an emphasis on communication, so that you effortlessly progress from introducing yourself and dealing with everyday situations, to using the phone and talking about work. NOT MUCH TIME? Get started with a 1-minute introduction to the key principles of the language. GRAMMAR Follow easy-to-manage steps to give you a clear understanding of the language. VOCABULARY Use clearly marked lists to make it easy to find and review the most useful vocabulary. DIALOGUES Touch & Listen to everyday dialogues to help you speak and understand fast. PRONUNCIATION Don't sound like a tourist! Perfect your pronunciation before you travel. INSIGHTS Look out for lots of instant help with common problems and quick tips for success, based on the author’s many years of teaching experience. FEATURES Make full use of the wealth of convenient ebook features, including highlighting, making notes and a built-in dictionary. PROGRESS Rise to Level B1 of the Common European Framework for Languages: Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions. TEST YOURSELF Use the unit tests to keep track of your progress. Teach Yourself Complete Swahili Enjoy the familiarity of a book with the convenience of Touch & Listen technology at home or on the move, and let Teach Yourself and its highly experienced authors guide you every step of the way. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Linguistics in Sub-Saharan Africa Jack Berry, Thomas Albert Sebeok, 2017-08-21 No detailed description available for Linguistics in Sub-Saharan Africa. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Colloquial Swahili Lutz Marten, Donovan Lee Mcgrath, 2015-08-14 Colloquial Swahili: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Swahili as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Swahili in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Swahili is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in Swahili-speaking countries. An overview of the sounds of Swahili Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Swahili is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Swahili. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Introductory Sketch of the Bantu Languages Alice Werner, 1919 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Bantu Clement M. Doke, 2017-09-20 Originally published in 1945, this volume represented the first to classify Bantu languages. This volume does not record all the dialects but makes reference to those in which some grammatical study has been done and classifies them according to mainly geographical zones. Owing to tribal migrations, individual members of a particular zone may be living among members of a different zone (as has been the case with the Ngoni, South-Eastern Zone, who are found among the Eastern Bantu), but the zone label is taken from the habitat of the majority. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Mazoezi Ya Kiswahili Lioba J. Moshi, 1988-11-08 The exercises in this manual are a collection of classroom exercises based on Kiswahili misingi ya kusema, kusoma, na kuandika by Thomas J. Hinnebusch and Sara Mirza (University Press of America, 1979.) Each lesson contains grammar exercises, question and answer exercises to aid students in independent response in Swahili, and drills to aid in sentence building, comprehension, and composition. Unique features of this text include a section on letter composition, Marudio (revision exercises,) and a Swahili/English and English/Swahili dictionary with additional words that expand on the Hinnebusch and Mirza text. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Swahili Tenses Active and Passive Voice George Kihanda, 2018-02-10 This book explains the Active and Passive Voice of Swahili Language in Five Chapters for five tenses to begin with: Simple Present Tense, Present Continuous Tense, Simple Future Tense, Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense. Explanations have been given in both English and Swahili examples. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Bibliography of African Christian Literature Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland, 1923 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Colloquial Swahili (eBook And MP3 Pack) Lutz Marten, Donovan Lee Mcgrath, 2014-10-14 COLLOQUIAL SWAHILI is easy to use and completely up to date! Specially written by experienced teachers for self-study or class use, the course offers you a step-by-step approach to written and spoken Swahili. No prior knowledge of the language is required. What makes this new edition of COLLOQUIAL SWAHILI your best choice in personal language learning? Interactive – lots of exercises for regular practice Clear – concise grammar notes Practical – useful vocabulary and pronunciation guide Complete – including answer key and reference section Whether you’re a business traveller, or about to take up a daring challenge in adventure tourism; you may be studying to teach or even looking forward to a holiday – if you’d like to get up and running with Swahili, this rewarding course will take you from complete beginner to confidently putting your language skills to use in a wide range of everyday situations. Accompanying audio material is available to purchase separately on two CDs or in MP3 format, or comes included in the great value COLLOQUIAL SWAHILI paperback and CDs complete course. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material complements the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills. For the eBook and MP3 pack, please find instructions on how to access the supplementary content for this title in the Prelims section. |
| swahili grammar exercises: The Life and Letters of Arthur Fraser Sim Arthur Fraser Sim, 1896 |
| swahili grammar exercises: The National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints , 1978 |
| swahili grammar exercises: Black World/Negro Digest , 1970-10 Founded in 1943, Negro Digest (later “Black World”) was the publication that launched Johnson Publishing. During the most turbulent years of the civil rights movement, Negro Digest/Black World served as a critical vehicle for political thought for supporters of the movement. |
| swahili grammar exercises: Understanding Morphology Martin Haspelmath, Andrea Sims, 2013-10-28 This new edition of Understanding Morphology has been fully revised in line with the latest research. It now includes 'big picture' questions to highlight central themes in morphology, as well as research exercises for each chapter. Understanding Morphology presents an introduction to the study of word structure that starts at the very beginning. Assuming no knowledge of the field of morphology on the part of the reader, the book presents a broad range of morphological phenomena from a wide variety of languages. Starting with the core areas of inflection and derivation, the book presents the interfaces between morphology and syntax and between morphology and phonology. The synchronic study of word structure is covered, as are the phenomena of diachronic change, such as analogy and grammaticalization. Theories are presented clearly in accessible language with the main purpose of shedding light on the data, rather than as a goal in themselves. The authors consistently draw on the best research available, thus utilizing and discussing both functionalist and generative theoretical approaches. Each chapter includes a summary, suggestions for further reading, and exercises. As such this is the ideal book for both beginning students of linguistics, or anyone in a related discipline looking for a first introduction to morphology. |
Swahili language - Wikipedia
Swahili, also known as Kiswahili as it is referred to in the Swahili language, is a Bantu language originally spoken by the Swahili people, who are found primarily in Tanzania, Kenya, and …
Swahili language | African Lingua Franca, Bantu Language
May 16, 2025 · Swahili language, Bantu language spoken either as a mother tongue or as a fluent second language on the east coast of Africa in an area extending from Lamu Island, Kenya, in …
Swahili language - New World Encyclopedia
Swahili is the mother tongue of the Swahili people (or Waswahili) who inhabit several large stretches of the Indian Ocean coastlines from southern Somalia as far south as Mozambique's …
Swahili – The Languages
Swahili, known natively as Kiswahili, is a Bantu language that serves as the lingua franca in a vast part of East Africa. The language has more than 100 million speakers and holds official status …
What is Swahili? (with pictures) - Language Humanities
May 23, 2024 · Swahili is a Bantu language spoken throughout Eastern Africa by over 40 million people. It is related to other Bantu languages such as Lusoga, Zulu, Xhosa, and Ngumba, …
The History and Origins of the Swahili Language
The Swahili language, known as Kiswahili in its native context, is a fascinating and rich linguistic tapestry woven from various historical, cultural, and geographical threads. As one of the most …
Swahili alphabet, pronunciation and language - Omniglot
Swahili is a Bantu language spoken mainly in Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya, and also in Burundi, Mozambique, Oman, Somalia the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Africa. …
Swahili for Beginners: A Comprehensive Guide
Swahili, also known as Kiswahili, is a Bantu language spoken by millions of people across East Africa. It is one of the official languages of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and the Democratic …
Complete Guide to Swahili/Kiswahili — All You Want to Know
Dec 17, 2018 · Everything you want to know about Swahili (aka Kiswahili) — its history, where it's spoken, how to learn it, how to pronounce it, and more.
The story of how Swahili became Africa’s most spoken language
Feb 20, 2022 · Once just an obscure island dialect of an African Bantu tongue, Swahili has evolved into Africa’s most internationally recognised language. It is peer to the few languages …
Swahili language - Wikipedia
Swahili, also known as Kiswahili as it is referred to in the Swahili language, is a Bantu language originally spoken by the Swahili people, who are found primarily in Tanzania, Kenya, and …
Swahili language | African Lingua Franca, Bantu Language
May 16, 2025 · Swahili language, Bantu language spoken either as a mother tongue or as a fluent second language on the east coast of Africa in an area extending from Lamu Island, Kenya, in …
Swahili language - New World Encyclopedia
Swahili is the mother tongue of the Swahili people (or Waswahili) who inhabit several large stretches of the Indian Ocean coastlines from southern Somalia as far south as Mozambique's …
Swahili – The Languages
Swahili, known natively as Kiswahili, is a Bantu language that serves as the lingua franca in a vast part of East Africa. The language has more than 100 million speakers and holds official status …
What is Swahili? (with pictures) - Language Humanities
May 23, 2024 · Swahili is a Bantu language spoken throughout Eastern Africa by over 40 million people. It is related to other Bantu languages such as Lusoga, Zulu, Xhosa, and Ngumba, …
The History and Origins of the Swahili Language
The Swahili language, known as Kiswahili in its native context, is a fascinating and rich linguistic tapestry woven from various historical, cultural, and geographical threads. As one of the most …
Swahili alphabet, pronunciation and language - Omniglot
Swahili is a Bantu language spoken mainly in Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya, and also in Burundi, Mozambique, Oman, Somalia the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Africa. …
Swahili for Beginners: A Comprehensive Guide
Swahili, also known as Kiswahili, is a Bantu language spoken by millions of people across East Africa. It is one of the official languages of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and the Democratic …
Complete Guide to Swahili/Kiswahili — All You Want to Know
Dec 17, 2018 · Everything you want to know about Swahili (aka Kiswahili) — its history, where it's spoken, how to learn it, how to pronounce it, and more.
The story of how Swahili became Africa’s most spoken language
Feb 20, 2022 · Once just an obscure island dialect of an African Bantu tongue, Swahili has evolved into Africa’s most internationally recognised language. It is peer to the few languages …
