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| targum bible in english: The Targum of the Minor Prophets , 2024-05-15 Although the term minor prophets is a familiar one in English Bible translations, it is not a felicitous one, since it applies as much to Hosea as to Haggai and to Amos as to Obadiah. The Targum offers no such pecking order. Nuggets of importance are as likely to be found in a Targumized minor prophet as a major one. Included in this volume are the books of Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. The authors' apparatus in the introduction provides the translational characteristics, theology, life-setting, text and versions, language, rabbinic citations and parallels, dating, manuscripts, and bibliography. A series of indices is also included. |
| targum bible in english: The Aramaic Bible Derek R. G. Beattie, Martin McNamara, 1994-08 The twenty-six essays in this volume represent the papers read at the international Conference on the Aramiac Bible held in Dublin (1992). The purpose of the Conference was to bring together leading specialists on the Targums and related topics to discuss issues in the light of recent developments, for instance Second Temple interpretation of the Scriptures, Qumran Literature, targumic and Palestinian Aramaic, new Genizah manuscripts, Jewish tradition, Origen's Hexapla, Pseudepigrapha, Apocrypha and the Christian West. The papers are arranged under seven headings: Targum Texts and Editions; The Aramaic Language: The Targums and Jewish Biblical Interpretation; Targums of the Pentateuch; Targums of the Hagiographa; Targums and New Testament; Jewish Traditions and Christian Writings. The international team, drawn from nine countries, is as follows (following the order of the papers); M. Klein, S. Reif, L. Diez Merino, R. Gordon, M. McNamara, S.A. Kaufman, E. Cook, M. Hengel, O. Betz, A. Shinan, J. Ribera, B. Grossfeld, P.V.M. Flesher, G. Boccaccini, M. Maher, R. Hayward, R. Syren, P.S. Alexander, D.R.G. Beattie, C. Mangan, B. Ego, M. Wilcox, B. Chilton, G.J. Norton, B. Kedar Kopstein, M. Stone. |
| targum bible in english: Tanakh & Talmud Various Authors, 2023-12-16 The Tanakh & Talmud is an essential collection of ancient Jewish texts that provide insights into the religious and ethical teachings of Judaism. The Tanakh, also known as the Hebrew Bible, includes the Torah, Prophets, and Writings, serving as a foundation for Jewish theology. The Talmud, a compilation of rabbinic teachings and discussions, offers additional commentary and interpretations of Jewish laws and traditions. This book blends narrative storytelling with legal analysis, making it a valuable resource for understanding Jewish literature and culture during antiquity. By studying these texts, readers gain a deeper understanding of the historical and spiritual significance of Judaism. The Various Authors of the Tanakh & Talmud were scholars and scribes who dedicated their lives to preserving and interpreting Jewish sacred texts. They aimed to pass down the teachings of their ancestors and contribute to the ongoing dialogue surrounding Jewish law and ethics. Their collective wisdom continues to influence Jewish thought and practice to this day. I highly recommend the Tanakh & Talmud to anyone interested in exploring the foundational texts of Judaism. It provides valuable insights into the religious beliefs, moral values, and legal principles that have shaped Jewish communities for centuries. |
| targum bible in english: The Targums Paul V.M. Flesher, Bruce D. Chilton, 2011-08-25 The value and significance of the targums—translations of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic, the language of Palestinian Jews for centuries following the Babylonian Exile—lie in their approach to translation: within a typically literal rendering of a text, they incorporate extensive exegetical material, additions, and paraphrases that reveal important information about Second Temple Judaism, its interpretation of its bible, and its beliefs. This remarkable survey introduces critical knowledge and insights that have emerged over the past forty years, including targum manuscripts discovered this century and targums known in Aramaic but only recently translated into English. Prolific scholars Flesher and Chilton guide readers in understanding the development of the targums; their relationship to the Hebrew Bible; their dates, language, and place in the history of Christianity and Judaism; and their theologies and methods of interpretation. “With clear presentation of current research and the issues involved, including the Targums and the New Testament, and a rich bibliography, this is the most complete—and up-to-date—introduction to the Targums. An outstanding, highly recommended achievement.” Martin McNamara, Emeritus Professor of Scripture, Milltown Institute, Dublin, Ireland |
| targum bible in english: The Targum of Psalms , 2024-05-15 This work provides the first translation into English of the Targum of Psalms, together with an introduction, a critical apparatus listing variants from several manuscripts and their printed editions, and annotations. |
| targum bible in english: Oxford Bibliographies Ilan Stavans, An emerging field of study that explores the Hispanic minority in the United States, Latino Studies is enriched by an interdisciplinary perspective. Historians, sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists, demographers, linguists, as well as religion, ethnicity, and culture scholars, among others, bring a varied, multifaceted approach to the understanding of a people whose roots are all over the Americas and whose permanent home is north of the Rio Grande. Oxford Bibliographies in Latino Studies offers an authoritative, trustworthy, and up-to-date intellectual map to this ever-changing discipline.--Editorial page. |
| targum bible in english: Beautiful and Terrible Things Christian M. M. Brady, 2020-09-01 Bible scholar Christian Brady, an expert on Old Testament lament, was as prepared as a person could be for the death of a child—which is to say, not nearly well enough. When his eight-year-old son died suddenly from a fast-moving blood infection, Brady heard the typical platitudes about accepting God's will and knew that quiet acceptance was not the only godly way to grieve. With deep faith, knowledge of Scripture, and the wisdom that comes only from experience, Brady guides readers grieving losses and setbacks of all kinds in voicing their lament to God, reflecting on the nature of human existence, and persevering in hope. Brady finds that rather than an image of God managing every event and action in our lives, the biblical account describes the very real world in which we all live, a world full of hardship and calamity that often comes unbidden and unmerited. Yet, it also is a world into which God lovingly intrudes to bring comfort, peace, and grace. |
| targum bible in english: Targum Chronicles and Its Place Among the Late Targums Leeor Gottlieb, 2020-06-08 Targum Chronicles and Its Place Among the Late Targums heralds a paradigm shift in the understanding of many of the Jewish-Aramaic translations of individual biblical books and their origins. Leeor Gottlieb provides the most extensive study of Targum Chronicles to date, leading to conclusions that challenge long-accepted truisms with regard to the origin of Targums. This book’s trail of evidence convincingly points to the composition of Targums in a time and place that was heretofore not expected to be the provenance of these Aramaic gems of biblical interpretation. This study also offers detailed comparisons to other Targums and fascinating new explanations for dozens of aggadic expansions in Targum Chronicles, tying them to their rabbinic sources. |
| targum bible in english: Septuagint, Targum and Beyond , 2019-11-11 In Septuagint, Targum and Beyond leading experts in the fields of biblical textual criticism and reception history explore the relationship between the two major Jewish translation traditions of the Hebrew Bible. In comparing these Greek and Aramaic versions from Jewish antiquity the essays collected here not only tackle the questions of mutual influence and common exegetical traditions, but also move beyond questions of direct dependence, applying insights from modern translation studies and comparing corpora beyond the Old Greek and Targum, including, for instance, Greek and Aramaic translations found at Qumran, the Samareitikon, and later Greek versions. |
| targum bible in english: The New Testament in the Apostolic Fathers Oxford Society of Historical Theology, 1905 |
| targum bible in english: The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch J W Etheridge M a, J. W. Etheridge, 2013-10-23 Published in 1865, this volume contains the Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. Includes fragments of the Jerusalem Targum from Chaldee. |
| targum bible in english: Onkelos on the Torah: Ṿa-yiḳra Israel Drazin, Stanley M. Wagner, 2006 Onkelos On the Torah: Understanding the Bible Text is a unique and remarkable translation and English commentary of the Targum Onkelos, the first and only rabbinically authorized translation of the Torah. |
| targum bible in english: Targum Yerushalmi, Or Targum Pseudo-Jonathan J W Etheridge, 2020-11-27 Targum Yerushalmi, erroneously called Targum Jonathan, is an in-depth commentary on the Book of Genesis, containing oral traditions of the Jews. |
| targum bible in english: Targum and Testament Martin McNamara, 1972 |
| targum bible in english: The Targum of Ruth Derek Robert George Beattie, J. Stanley McIvor, 1994 One approach to Chronicles would suggest that it was not considered an altogether vital component in the canon, but later it came to play a specific interpretative role. Others suggest that it came to be regarded as the authorized version of the history of Israel. In the Jewish liturgical tradition the Book of Ruth is read at the festival of Shavuot, or Pentecost, and it may be conjectured that the Targum originated in conjunction with this practice. The Targum of Ruth exists in a large number of manuscripts; the eight used in the present work are of European provenance. |
| targum bible in english: The Aramaic and Palestinian Targums Zen Garcia, 2014-02-13 Targum meaning translation references the various language transliterations of the original Hebrew Torah, which were commissioned created by Temple elders. The Aramaic and Palestinian versions printed here are acknowledged to be the oldest and most widely used renderings of the ancient language translations of the original Hebrew Torah. Though they are accepted to date back to at least the first century CE, I believe them to be half a millennia older as they first came into being to accommodate the Israelites assimilation of Aramaic when exiled to Babylon in 597 BCE. It was during the 70 years of that diaspora that Aramaic became the predominant colloquial language and accepted vernacular of use by the Hebraic peoples. During this 70 years of assimilation, the Israelite's use of Hebrew as lexicon dwindled from being the primary dialect of everyday conversation, to being one of mostly scholastic application utilized intellectually by the priestly class. |
| targum bible in english: The Bible in Aramaic. Vol. 2 Alexander Sperber, 2012-10-19 In 1924, Professor Sperber graduated from Bonn University with a dissertation on Das Propheten-Targum in seinem Verhältnis zum masoretischen Text. He was then invited to prepare a critical edition of the Targum. The Bible in Aramaic is the fruit of more than forty years of study, during which he made innumerable trips to various countries in order to visit libraries and examine manuscripts. The first part of the Bible in Aramaic appeared in 1959. |
| targum bible in english: Targum Jonathan to the Prophets Pinkhos Churgin, 1927 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| targum bible in english: Diversity and Rabbinization Gavin McDowell , Ron Naiweld , Daniel Stökl Ben Ezra, 2021-04-30 This volume contains Hebrew and Syriac text. Please, check that your e-reader supports texts set in left-to-right direction before purchasing the epub and azw3 editions of the book. This volume is dedicated to the cultural and religious diversity in Jewish communities from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Age and the growing influence of the rabbis within these communities during the same period. Drawing on available textual and material evidence, the fourteen essays presented here, written by leading experts in their fields, span a significant chronological and geographical range and cover material that has not yet received sufficient attention in scholarship. The volume is divided into four parts. The first focuses on the vantage point of the synagogue; the second and third on non-rabbinic Judaism in, respectively, the Near East and Europe; the final part turns from diversity within Judaism to the process of rabbinization as represented in some unusual rabbinic texts. Diversity and Rabbinization is a welcome contribution to the historical study of Judaism in all its complexity. It presents fresh perspectives on critical questions and allows us to rethink the tension between multiplicity and unity in Judaism during the first millennium CE. L’École Pratique des Hautes Études has kindly contributed to the publication of this volume. |
| targum bible in english: The Targum to "The Song of Songs." The Book of the Apple. The Ten Jewish Martyrs. A Dialogue on Games of Chance , 1908 |
| targum bible in english: ZICHRON MEIR EDITION OF TARGUM ONKELOS-BEREISHIS. , 2018 |
| targum bible in english: Syntactic Studies in Targum Aramaic Vasile Condrea, 2020 How can one distinguish between narrative, which records a sequence of events, and a narrator's comment on these events, in the form of notes, clarifications, and retellings? Syntax of Targumic Aramaic: A Text-Linguistic Reading of 1 Samuel applies the insights of Functional Sentence Perspective and Text Linguistics to Targum 1 Samuel. Through this analysis, Condrea answers key questions about Aramaic syntax and recovers the voice and contributions of the text's narrator-- |
| targum bible in english: Targum Jerusalem Tov Rose, 2016-01-23 The title accurately designates the Palestinian provenance of this Aramaic version of the Torah (though Jerusalemite should not be taken literally, since the city of Jerusalem did not exist as a place of Jewith habitation at the time that this text was composed). In light of the discovery of many manuscripts containing similar works, it can be recognized that the Targum Yerushalmi that appears in the Mikra'ot Gedolot is but one representative of a larger family of Aramaic texts that are designated in the scholarly literature as Fragmentary Targums. Dates: Although the known manuscripts of these Targums are from the 11th-13th century, it appears that their contents originated hundreds of years earlier. Place: Israel Description: The Targum Yerushalmi does not provide a complete Aramaic translation of the Torah, but is confined to specific verses (or sometimes just individual phrases or words). There is no evidence that this Targum was intended to provide alternative readings for one of the complete Targum texts. |
| targum bible in english: Ecclesiastes , 1999 The publication of the King James version of the Bible, translated between 1603 and 1611, coincided with an extraordinary flowering of English literature and is universally acknowledged as the greatest influence on English-language literature in history. Now, world-class literary writers introduce the book of the King James Bible in a series of beautifully designed, small-format volumes. The introducers' passionate, provocative, and personal engagements with the spirituality and the language of the text make the Bible come alive as a stunning work of literature and remind us of its overwhelming contemporary relevance. |
| targum bible in english: The Jewish Targums and John's Logos Theology John Ronning, 2010-02-01 At the beginning of his gospel, John refers to Jesus Christ as the Logos--the Word. John Ronning makes a case that the Jewish Targums--interpretive translations of the Old Testament into Aramaic that were read in synagogues--hold the key to understanding John's Logos title. Examining numerous texts in the fourth gospel in the light of the Targums, Ronning shows how connecting the Logos with the targumic Memra (word) unlocks the meaning of a host of theological themes that run throughout the Gospel of John. |
| targum bible in english: A New English Translation of the Septuagint Albert Pietersma, Benjamin G. Wright, 2007-11-02 The Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation of Jewish sacred writings) is of great importance in the history of both Judaism and Christianity. The first translation of the books of the Hebrew Bible (plus additions) into the common language of the ancient Mediterranean world made the Jewish scriptures accessible to many outside Judaism. Not only did the Septuagint become Holy Writ to Greek speaking Jews but it was also the Bible of the early Christian communities: the scripture they cited and the textual foundation of the early Christian movement. Translated from Hebrew (and Aramaic) originals in the two centuries before Jesus, the Septuagint provides important information about the history of the text of the Bible. For centuries, scholars have looked to the Septuagint for information about the nature of the text and of how passages and specific words were understood. For students of the Bible, the New Testament in particular, the study of the Septuagint's influence is a vital part of the history of interpretation. But until now, the Septuagint has not been available to English readers in a modern and accurate translation. The New English Translation of the Septuagint fills this gap. |
| targum bible in english: The Targum of Ezekiel Samson H. Levey, 1990 |
| targum bible in english: The Targum of Lamentations , 2024-05-15 This work provides a definitive translation into English of the Targum of Lamentations, based on a critical reading of all the extant versions, with textual annotations and extensive notes. An appendix offers, in addition, a translation and annotation of the Yemenite version. |
| targum bible in english: The Kingdom New Testament N. T. Wright, 2012-11-06 From the man Newsweek called “the world’s leading New Testament Scholar,” N. T. Wright, comes a fresh, vivid translation of the New Testament. This is The Message for a new generation. Not in centuries has such a powerful new translation of the Scriptures arisen for Christians everywhere, changing the way the entire English-speaking world can access the books of the New Testament. Wright seems to do the impossible, at once achieving a closer match to the Scripture’s original Greek, invoking more appropriately gender-neutral terminology, and providing a more natural, readable tone to the readings—even while magnifying the vibrancy and urgency of the original works. For Christians worldwide, this stunning new translation of the New Testament from the author of Simply Christian and Scripture and the Authority of God is a crucial way to re-claim the message of the Bible. |
| targum bible in english: The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud, Volume 1 Mikra Martin-Jan Mulder, 1988-01-01 Series: Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum Section 1 - The Jewish people in the first century Historial geography, political history, social, cultural and religious life and institutions Edited by S. Safrai and M. Stern in cooperation with D. Flusser and W.C. van Unnik Section 2 - The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud Section 3 - Jewish Traditions in Early Christian Literature |
| targum bible in english: The Believer and the Modern Study of the Bible Tova Ganzel, Yehudah Brandes, Chayuta Deutsch, 2019 The essays in this volume address the conundrum of how Jewish believers in the divine character of the Sinaitic revelation confront the essential questions raised by academic biblical studies. The first part is an anthology of rabbinic sources, from the medieval period to the present, treating questions that reflect a critical awareness of the Bible. The second part is a series of twenty-one essays by contemporary rabbis and scholars on how they combine their religious beliefs with their critical approach to the Bible. |
| targum bible in english: A Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language William Muss-Arnolt, 1905 |
| targum bible in english: The Aramaic-English Interlinear New Testament Rev. David Bauscher, 2008-06-30 This is The New Testament in the language of Jesus and his countrymen of 1st century Israel, with a word for word translation into English next to each Aramaic word. Aramaic was used in Mel Gibson's film The Passion of the Christ to make the film as realistic as possible. This New Testament will surprise and thrill the reader with its power and inspiration coming from the words of Yeshua (Jesus in ancient Aramaic) as He originally spoke them and a very literal English rendering. Much evidence is presented demonstrating very powerfully that The Peshitta Aramaic NT is the original behind The Greek NT. There are many graphics and even photos from Dead Sea Scrolls to illustrate an Aramaic verse and how a reading was interpreted by a Greek translating the text.625 pages.B&W Hardback 6x9. Pastor Dave is a former high school science teacher with a proficiency in Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic and has been preaching & teaching The Bible since 1976 in several churches in the USA. His web site is aramaicnt.com |
| targum bible in english: Jesus in the Targums Tov Rose, 2016-01-24 John 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. Most people do not realize that the Apostle John was actually using terminology familiar to 1st Century Jewish people. It was familiar, because it was language read in the Targums in the Synagogue every week. What John was doing by stating his first sentence in the manner was very similar to the technique used at the time (and today in some Orthodox Jewish sects), whereby one person would recite the first verse of a Psalm, and the students (or members of the Synagogue), would begin to recite the rest of the Psalm. Jesus did this as is recorded in the New Testament. The hearers should have understood to recite the entirety of Psalm 22 in response, And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, 'Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani? that is, My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?' Matthew 27:46 Using this technique, John the Apostle, was calling on Jewish familiarity with the Aramaic Tagums and calling them to apply what they learned from the Targums about The Word of the Lord, to Yeshua/Jesus himself. This study is simply highlighting all of those passages that would have been read in the Synagogue throughout the course of a year in 1st Century Judaism, calling attention to the passages mentioning The Word of the Lord. Jewish theology of the period understood that The Word of the Lord was a lesser Yahweh. In other words, he was the God who interacted with humanity and creation directly, performing miracles, signs and wonders and simply speaking to humans. The Greater Yahweh was understood to exist in the Heaven. The lesser Yahweh did the will of and spoke the words of the Greater Yahweh. This is the theological and social context of the 1st Century Jewish mind that first encountered the Apostle John's words: John 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. This work is a side-by-side comparison of passages in the various Targums showing that The Word of the Lord was considered an important person of the Godhead in the understanding of Judaism predating 3 AD/CE. |
| targum bible in english: Targums Neofiti 1 and Pseudo-Jonathan: Numbers Martin McNamara, 2024-04-24 It is generally recognized that the Book of Numbers is one of the least unified books of the Bible. It is a collection of censuses, laws, and traditions concerning the sojourn of the people of Israel in the wilderness and of the first conquests of the territories promised to Israel. Yet it also carries narrative of notable events and lessons. Both aspects of Numbers benefit from their development in these targums. |
| targum bible in english: Targums Neofiti 1 and Pseudo-Jonathan: Exodus Martin McNamara, 2024-04-26 The Book of Exodus speaks of central events in Jewish self-understanding: the Exodus from Egypt, the covenant with Moses, and the giving of the Law. It is part narrative, part religious law. This translation of the Palestinian Targums of Exodus will assist in understanding this biblical book which is, in itself, an elaborate redaction of the Jewish faith. |
| targum bible in english: Targums Neofiti 1 and Pseudo-Jonathan: Leviticus , 2024-04-24 The importance of Leviticus for the Jews of the post-biblical period cannot be exaggerated. Leviticus contains laws which regulated almost all aspects of communal and individual life. These targums shed light on how Leviticus was understood and its laws practiced. |
| targum bible in english: The Two Targums of Esther Bernard Grossfeld, 2024-05-15 What is called the Magillat Esther (Scroll of Esther) is part of the biblical group of books in the Hagiographa known as the Five Megillot, designating Esther, the Scrolls of Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, and Ecclesiastes. These five scrolls play an integral part in Jewish liturgy next to the Pentateuch; and yet Esther (as well as others of these five) had difficulty being included in the Hebrew canon as sacred Scripture. |
| targum bible in english: Targum Onkelos to Numbers Onḳelos, Alexander Sperber, Israel Drazin, 1998 |
| targum bible in english: Commentary on the Torah: Exodus Naḥmanides, 1999 |
Targum - Wikipedia
Besides its public function in the synagogue, the Babylonian Talmud also mentions targum in the context of a personal study requirement: "A person should always review his portions of …
What is the Jewish Targum? - GotQuestions.org
Jan 4, 2022 · The Targum (plural, Targumim) is an Aramaic paraphrase/explanation/interpretation of the Hebrew text of the Jewish Scriptures provided by the rabbis in the course of teaching.
Targum | Ancient Jewish Biblical Interpretation & Translation
Targum, (Aramaic: “Translation,” or “Interpretation”), any of several translations of the Hebrew Bible or portions of it into the Aramaic language. The word originally indicated a translation of …
Tanakh, Targum - Sefaria
Targum (“translation”) is the name of a category of texts that translate the Tanakh into Aramaic, originally transmitted orally and committed to writing between the first and the sixth centuries CE.
TARGUM - JewishEncyclopedia.com
It forms a part of the Jewish traditional literature, and in its inception is as early as the time of the Second Temple. The verb , from which the noun is formed, is used in Ezra iv. 7 in reference to …
Topical Bible: Targum
These translations emerged during the Second Temple period when Aramaic had become the lingua franca of the Jewish people, and many were no longer fluent in Hebrew. The Targums …
The Targums - Accordance
Introducing the Targum. The word “targum” refers to translations of the Bible into Jewish Aramaic. In the post-exilic period, Aramaic began to be widely spoken in the Jewish community …
Targum - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway
Targumanu, “interpreter” or “translator,” occurs in Akkad. as early as the El-Amarna tablets (c. 1400-1350 b.c.). The attempt has been made, quite without warrant, to derive it from the Heb. …
Targum Meaning - Bible Definition and References
Discover the meaning of Targum in the Bible. Study the definition of Targum with multiple Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedias and find scripture references in the Old and New Testaments.
What Are the Targums and Why Are They Important for Old …
What Are the Targums and Why Are They Important for Old Testament Textual Criticism? The study of the Old Testament involves not only analyzing the Hebrew text but also understanding …
Targum - Wikipedia
Besides its public function in the synagogue, the Babylonian Talmud also mentions targum in the context of a personal study requirement: "A person should always review his portions of …
What is the Jewish Targum? - GotQuestions.org
Jan 4, 2022 · The Targum (plural, Targumim) is an Aramaic paraphrase/explanation/interpretation of the Hebrew text of the Jewish Scriptures provided by the rabbis in the course of teaching.
Targum | Ancient Jewish Biblical Interpretation & Translation
Targum, (Aramaic: “Translation,” or “Interpretation”), any of several translations of the Hebrew Bible or portions of it into the Aramaic language. The word originally indicated a translation of …
Tanakh, Targum - Sefaria
Targum (“translation”) is the name of a category of texts that translate the Tanakh into Aramaic, originally transmitted orally and committed to writing between the first and the sixth centuries CE.
TARGUM - JewishEncyclopedia.com
It forms a part of the Jewish traditional literature, and in its inception is as early as the time of the Second Temple. The verb , from which the noun is formed, is used in Ezra iv. 7 in reference to …
Topical Bible: Targum
These translations emerged during the Second Temple period when Aramaic had become the lingua franca of the Jewish people, and many were no longer fluent in Hebrew. The Targums …
The Targums - Accordance
Introducing the Targum. The word “targum” refers to translations of the Bible into Jewish Aramaic. In the post-exilic period, Aramaic began to be widely spoken in the Jewish community …
Targum - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway
Targumanu, “interpreter” or “translator,” occurs in Akkad. as early as the El-Amarna tablets (c. 1400-1350 b.c.). The attempt has been made, quite without warrant, to derive it from the Heb. …
Targum Meaning - Bible Definition and References
Discover the meaning of Targum in the Bible. Study the definition of Targum with multiple Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedias and find scripture references in the Old and New Testaments.
What Are the Targums and Why Are They Important for Old …
What Are the Targums and Why Are They Important for Old Testament Textual Criticism? The study of the Old Testament involves not only analyzing the Hebrew text but also understanding …
