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| targum yerushalmi: Targum Yerushalmi, Or Targum Pseudo-Jonathan J W Etheridge, 2020-11-27 Targum Yerushalmi, erroneously called Targum Jonathan, is an in-depth commentary on the Book of Genesis, containing oral traditions of the Jews. |
| targum yerushalmi: The Targums Paul V.M. Flesher, Bruce D. Chilton, 2011-08-25 The value and significance of the targums—translations of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic, the language of Palestinian Jews for centuries following the Babylonian Exile—lie in their approach to translation: within a typically literal rendering of a text, they incorporate extensive exegetical material, additions, and paraphrases that reveal important information about Second Temple Judaism, its interpretation of its bible, and its beliefs. This remarkable survey introduces critical knowledge and insights that have emerged over the past forty years, including targum manuscripts discovered this century and targums known in Aramaic but only recently translated into English. Prolific scholars Flesher and Chilton guide readers in understanding the development of the targums; their relationship to the Hebrew Bible; their dates, language, and place in the history of Christianity and Judaism; and their theologies and methods of interpretation. “With clear presentation of current research and the issues involved, including the Targums and the New Testament, and a rich bibliography, this is the most complete—and up-to-date—introduction to the Targums. An outstanding, highly recommended achievement.” Martin McNamara, Emeritus Professor of Scripture, Milltown Institute, Dublin, Ireland |
| targum yerushalmi: The Anointed and His People Gerbern S. Oegema, 1998-08-01 In this systematic and radical work, Oegema studies the origins and development of expectations of a messiah-royal, priestly or prophetic. In five parts, all the Jewish and Christian literature from 200 BCE to 200 CE is analysed for its messianic interests. Special attention is devoted to the Pseudepigrapha, the Qumran literature, Philo, Josephus, the writings of the Early Church, the Jewish Apocalypses and the early Rabbinic writings. In this important work, Oegema contends that we cannot speak of a 'messianic idea' in Judaism, but that we can trace a historical trajectory of messianic expectations. |
| targum yerushalmi: The Legends of the Jews Louis Ginzberg, 2006-04-01 The masterpiece of one of the preeminent Talmudic scholars of the 20th century, the multivolume Legends of the Jews gathers together stories from the Talmud, the Midrash, the Bible, and oral traditions-also known as the Haggada-and offers them in chronological order. Volume V, first published in 1925, features tales of The Creation of the World, Adam, The Ten Generations, Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, the Sons of Jacob, Job, and Moses in Egypt. A work of brilliant erudition and deep devotion, this is an invaluable collection of religious lore. American rabbi LOUIS GINZBERG (1873-1953) founded the American Academy of Jewish Research and was a prolific contributor to the Jewish Encyclopedia. |
| targum yerushalmi: Masters of the Word Yonatan Kolatch, 2006 |
| targum yerushalmi: Targum Jerusalem Tov Rose, 2016-01-23 The title accurately designates the Palestinian provenance of this Aramaic version of the Torah (though Jerusalemite should not be taken literally, since the city of Jerusalem did not exist as a place of Jewith habitation at the time that this text was composed). In light of the discovery of many manuscripts containing similar works, it can be recognized that the Targum Yerushalmi that appears in the Mikra'ot Gedolot is but one representative of a larger family of Aramaic texts that are designated in the scholarly literature as Fragmentary Targums. Dates: Although the known manuscripts of these Targums are from the 11th-13th century, it appears that their contents originated hundreds of years earlier. Place: Israel Description: The Targum Yerushalmi does not provide a complete Aramaic translation of the Torah, but is confined to specific verses (or sometimes just individual phrases or words). There is no evidence that this Targum was intended to provide alternative readings for one of the complete Targum texts. |
| targum yerushalmi: The Legends of the Jews Louis Ginzberg, 1928 |
| targum yerushalmi: Jewish, Christian, and Classical Exegetical Traditions in Jerome’s Translation of the Book of Exodus Matthew A. Kraus, 2017-04-03 In Jewish, Christian, and Classical Exegetical Traditions in Jerome’s Translation of the Book of Exodus: Translation Technique and the Vulgate, Matthew Kraus offers a layered understanding of Jerome’s translation of biblical narrative, poetry, and law from Hebrew to Latin. Usually seen as a tool for textual criticism, when read as a work of literature, the Vulgate reflects a Late Antique conception of Hebrew grammar, critical use of Greek biblical traditions, rabbinic influence, Christian interpretation, and Classical style and motifs. Instead of typically treating the text of the Vulgate and Jerome himself separately, Matthew Kraus uncovers Late Antiquity in the many facets of the translator at work—grammarian, biblical exegete, Septuagint scholar, Christian intellectual, rabbinic correspondent, and devotee of Classical literature. |
| targum yerushalmi: Judaism , |
| targum yerushalmi: Lashon HaKodesh: History, Holiness, & Hebrew Reuven Chaim Klein, 2021-02-01 Throughout Jewish literature, the Hebrew language is referred to as Lashon HaKodesh. Its history, origins, decline, and rebirth are simply fascinating. Furthermore, at its deepest level, Lashon HaKodesh is called such ( the Holy Language ) because it is intrinsically sacred and is thus unlike any other language known to Man. Lashon HaKodesh: History, Holiness, & Hebrew seeks to understand the holiness of Lashon HaKodesh, follows its history, and focuses on the significance of Aramaic and other Jewish languages such as Yiddish and Ladino. An extended section is devoted to Modern Hebrew, its controversies, and its implications from a religious perspective. This unique work delves into the linguistic history of each Jewish language , as well as the philological, Kabbalistic, and Halachic approaches to this topic taken by various Rabbinic figures through the ages. The author also compares and contrasts traditional Jewish views to those of modern-day academia, offering proofs and difficulties to both approaches. As the old saying goes, Two Jews, three opinions. In almost every chapter, more than one way of looking at the matter at hand is presented. In some cases, the differing opinions can be harmonized, but ultimately many matters remain subject to dispute. Hopefully, the mere knowledge of these sources will whet the reader s intellectual curiosity to learn more. Written by a brilliant young scholar, Lashon HaKodesh: History, Holiness, & Hebrew is ground-breaking, intriguing, and remarkable. |
| targum yerushalmi: The Zondervan Encyclopedia of the Bible, Volume 5 Merrill C. Tenney, 2010-08-10 Revised edition. Volume 5 of 5. The Zondervan Encyclopedia of the Bible has been a classic Bible study resource for more than thirty years. Now thoroughly revised, this new five-volume edition provides up-to-date entries based on the latest scholarship. Beautiful full-color pictures supplement the text, which includes new articles in addition to thorough updates and improvements of existing topics. Different viewpoints of scholarship permit a wellrounded perspective on significant issues relating to doctrines, themes, and biblical interpretation. The goal remains the same: to provide pastors, teachers, students, and devoted Bible readers a comprehensive and reliable library of information. • More than 5,000 pages of vital information on Bible lands and people • More than 7,500 articles alphabetically arranged for easy reference • Hundreds of full-color and black-and-white illustrations, charts, and graphs • 32 pages of full-color maps and hundreds of black-and-white outline maps for ready reference • Scholarly articles ranging across the entire spectrum of theological and biblical topics, backed by the most current body of archaeological research • 238 contributors from around the world |
| targum yerushalmi: Unlocking the Torah Text: Bereishit Shmuel Goldin, 2007 An In-Depth Journey Into the Weekly Parsha. |
| targum yerushalmi: Introduction to Biblical Hermeneutics Prof.M.M. Ninan, 2018-09-13 Biblical hermeneutics is the study of the principles of interpretation concerning the books of the Bible. Bible contains all forms of literary style. Hence they should be interpreted carefully. 7 rules of Rabbi Hillel and 13 rules of Rabbi Ishmael, 32 rules of Rabbi Eliezer Ben Jose Hagelili are only well known LIEZER BEN JOSE HAGELILI. Generally there are four levels given by PaRDeS -Peshat (צְָּשָׁט) - plain (simple) or the direct meaning. -Remez (רֶֶמֶז) - hints or the deep (allegoric: hidden or symbolic) meaning beyond just the literal sense. -Derash (דְַּרַשׁ) - from Hebrew darash: inquire (seek) - the comparative (midrashic) meaning, as given through similar occurrences. Sod (סבֿד) (pronounced with a long O as in 'bone') - secret (mystery) or the esoteric/mystical meaning, as given through inspiration or revelation. To be true to the word, we need to interpret the Word faithfully. Here are the rules. |
| targum yerushalmi: Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible Karel van der Toorn, 1999 The Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (DDD) is the single major reference work on the gods, angels, demons, spirits, and semidivine heroes whose names occur in the biblical books. Book jacket. |
| targum yerushalmi: The Beginning of the World in Renaissance Jewish Thought Brian Ogren, 2016-08-22 In The Beginning of the World in Renaissance Jewish Thought, Brian Ogren offers a deep analysis of late fifteenth century Italian Jewish thought concerning the creation of the world and the beginning of time. Ogren’s book is the very first to seriously juxtapose the thought of the great Jewish thinker Yohanan Alemanno, Alemanno’s famed Christian interlocutor, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the important Iberian exegete active in Italy, Isaac Abravanel, and Abravanel’s renowned philosopher son Judah, known as Leone Ebreo. By bringing these thinkers together, this book presents a new understanding of early modern uses of Jewish texts and hermeneutics. Ogren successfully demonstrates that the syntheses of philosophy and Kabbalah carried out by these four intellectuals in their quests to understand the beginning itself marked a new beginning in Western thought, characterized by simultaneous continuity and rupture. |
| targum yerushalmi: The Jewish Encyclopedia Isidore Singer, Cyrus Adler, 1901 |
| targum yerushalmi: Dictionary of the New Testament Use of the Old Testament G. K. Beale, D. A. Carson, Benjamin L. Gladd, Andrew David Naselli, 2023-11-14 Southwestern Journal of Theology 2023 Book of the Year With the torrent of publications on the use of the Old Testament in the New Testament, the time is ripe for a dictionary dedicated to this incredibly rich yet diverse field. This companion volume to the well-received Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (CNTUOT) brings together leading evangelical biblical scholars to explore and explain the many facets of how the New Testament writers appropriated the Old Testament. This definitive resource covers a range of interpretive topics and includes summary articles on each biblical book and numerous themes. It also unpacks concepts mentioned in the CNTUOT, demonstrates how the Old Testament uses the Old Testament, and addresses a wide range of biblical-theological, hermeneutical, and exegetical topics. This handy reference book is for all serious students of the Bible as they study how and why Old Testament texts reappear and are reappropriated throughout the Bible. |
| targum yerushalmi: A Student's Guide to Textual Criticism of the Bible Paul D. Wegner, 2006-03-09 In plain language and with ample illustration, Paul D. Wegner presents an overview of the history and methods, aims and results of textual criticism of the whole Bible--the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament. You will gain an appreciation for the vast work that has been accomplished in preserving the text of Scripture and find a renewed confidence in its reliability. |
| targum yerushalmi: Shabbos Daniyel Yaʻaḳov ben Pesaḥ Ṭravis, 2006 |
| targum yerushalmi: Jerusalem and Tiberias; Sora and Cordova: a survey of the Religious and Scholastic Learning of the Jews John Wesley Etheridge, 1856 |
| targum yerushalmi: Torah Commentary for Our Times Harvey J. Fields, A helpful approach to the weekly parashah, juxtaposing the insights of ancient, medieval, and modern commentators (including the author). Perfect for both beginning Torah students of all ages and scholars seeking new angles on the text. The three volumes are available individually, great for a bar or bat mitzvah or confirmation gift. This is volume 1 which focuses on the book of Genesis. Published by CCAR Press, a division of the Central Conference of American Rabbis |
| targum yerushalmi: A Targumic Aramaic Reader Knudsen, 1981-06 |
| targum yerushalmi: Piyyut Commentary in Medieval Ashkenaz Elisabeth Hollender, 2008-08-27 In medieval Ashkenaz piyyut commentary was a popular genre that consisted of ‛open texts’ that continued to be edited by almost each copyist. Although some early commentators can be identified, it is mainly compilers that are responsible for the transmitted form of text. Based on an ample corpus of Ashkenazic commentaries the study provides a taxonomy of commentary elements, including linguistic explanations, treatment of hypotexts, and medieval elements, and describes their use by different commentators and compilers. It also analyses the main techniques of compilation and the various ways they were employed by compilers. Different types of commentaries are described that target diverse audiences by using varied sets of commentary elements and compilatory techniques. Several commentaries are edited to illustrate the different commentary types. |
| targum yerushalmi: Justifying Christian Aramaism E. van Staalduine-Sulman, 2017-11-13 In Justifying Christian Aramaism Eveline van Staalduine-Sulman explores how Christian scholars of the sixteenth and early seventeenth century justify their study of the Targums, the Jewish Aramaic translations of the Hebrew Bible. She focuses on the four polyglot Bibles – Complutum, Antwerp, Paris, and London –, and describes these books in the scholarly world of those days. It appears that quite a few scholars, Roman-Catholic, protestant, and Anglican, edited Targumic books and translated these into Latin. The book reveals a stimulating and conflicting period of the Targum reception history and is therefore relevant for Targum scholars and historians interested in the history of Judaism, Church history, the history of the book, and the history of Jewish-Christian relationships. |
| targum yerushalmi: The One who is to Come Joseph A. Fitzmyer, 2007 Messiah is one of the most popular and most contested terms in Christian reflection, with many often reading the concept back into early Old Testament texts. Joseph Fitzmyer carefully and comprehensively contradicts this misreading, tracing the emergence of messianism to a much later date - 2nd century B.C. |
| targum yerushalmi: The Classic Tales Ellen Frankel, 1993-07-01 A retelling of 300 Jewish stories spanning 4,000 years and three continents. Drawing on biblical, talmudic, and hasidic tales, the author creates a classic_a map resource book for the brightest jewels in the vast treasure chest of Jewish lore. Six useful indexes, chronological table of contents, glossary, and bibliography. |
| targum yerushalmi: Scripture Study & Scholarship G. G. Bolich, G. C. Kenney, 2014-11-03 This volume provides a working introduction to the scholarly study of Jewish and Christian sacred texts. Included are thorough explanations of 5 general methods and 8 chapters covering specialized methods, as well as a final chapter that presents brand new, mixed methods research in three studies that illustrate how sacred texts research looks in practice. Readers are presented with step-by-step how to guides for each method, and exercises to test their skills. |
| targum yerushalmi: The Bible As It Was James L. Kugel, 1999-11-01 Leading us chapter by chapter through the Hebrew Bible’s most important stories—from the Creation and the Tree of Knowledge through the Exodus from Egypt and the journey to the Promised Land—Kugel shows how a group of anonymous ancient interpreters radically transformed the Bible and made it into the book that has come down to us today. |
| targum yerushalmi: Rediscovering John Lesław Daniel Chrupcała, 2014-05-29T00:00:00+02:00 The idea of dedicating a Festschrift to honor Professor Frédéric Manns on the happy occasion of his 70th birthday came to mind in the autumn of 2011 and work on this project had been continuing ever since. Felicitously achieving this goal, the Faculty of Biblical Sciences and Archaeology (Studium Biblicum Franciscanum) and the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land present this volume to Father Manns with gratitude for his profound scholarship and a lifetime service in the Holy Land. Perusing through Father Manns’ writings, it is easy to see a prominent and distinctive place devoted to the Gospel of John. It seemed therefore suitable to focus on this subject in the Festschrift honoring him: the title, Rediscovering John, relates to Manns’ significant contribution towards the better understanding of the Fourth Gospel. The volume comprises 21 studies authored by renowned scholars from various parts of the world, from different institutions and denominations. While the first half of the studies examines general issues (history of interpretation, textual transmission, intertextuality, theological themes, archaeology), the second half treats literary, narrative and exegetical approaches to particular texts of the Fourth Gospel. We augur that this rich collection will help to stimulate further discussion and reflection on the Gospel of John, as well as constitute an incentive to an already distinguished scholar to continue writing challenging and thought-provoking essays and books. (from the Foreword by the Editor) |
| targum yerushalmi: The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud, Volume 1 Mikra Martin-Jan Mulder, 1988-01-01 Series: Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum Section 1 - The Jewish people in the first century Historial geography, political history, social, cultural and religious life and institutions Edited by S. Safrai and M. Stern in cooperation with D. Flusser and W.C. van Unnik Section 2 - The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud Section 3 - Jewish Traditions in Early Christian Literature |
| targum yerushalmi: Chapters 1-22 Rivka Ulmer, 2017-11-20 The present edition and translation of the rabbinic work Pesiqta Rabbati is a critical Hebrew edition, including a modern English translation on facing pages. Pesiqta Rabbati contains rabbinic homilies for Jewish holy days and special Sabbaths. |
| targum yerushalmi: The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism Scott B. Noegel, Brannon M. Wheeler, 2010-04-01 The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism treat each entry as a compilation of relevant data culled from these different traditions in order to take the reader beyond the expected parameters of research. Originally envisioned as an initial resource for students of comparative religion, the extensive chronology, bibliography, and the overall accessibility of the passages make the book suitable for a much wider audience. |
| targum yerushalmi: Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism Scott B. Noegel, Brannon M. Wheeler, 2002-09-26 Both traditions recognize and draw theological and historical lessons from some of the same narrative sources, but this is the first comparative resource to provide interdisciplinary coverage of the history and textual sources associated with prophets and prophecy. This thorough treatment of a difficult and increasingly controversial subject area will encourage and cultivate knowledge and understanding. |
| targum yerushalmi: The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 1 Emil Schürer, Fergus Millar, Geza Vermes, 2014-01-30 Emil Schürer's Geschichte des judischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi, originally published in German between 1874 and 1909 and in English between 1885 and 1891, is a critical presentation of Jewish history, institutions, and literature from 175 B.C. to A.D. 135. It has rendered invaluable services to scholars for nearly a century. The present work offers a fresh translation and a revision of the entire subject-matter. The bibliographies have been rejuvenated and supplemented; the sources are presented according to the latest scholarly editions; and all the new archaeological, epigraphical, numismatic and literary evidence, including the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Bar Kokhba documents, has been introduced into the survey. Account has also been taken of the progress in historical research, both in the classical and Jewish fields. This work reminds students of the profound debt owed to nineteenth-century learning, setting it within a wider framework of contemporary knowledge, and provides a foundation on which future historians of Judaism in the age of Jesus may build. |
| targum yerushalmi: The New Cambridge History of the Bible: Volume 1, From the Beginnings to 600 James Carleton Paget, Joachim Schaper, 2013-05-09 Recent years have witnessed significant discoveries of texts and artefacts relevant to the study of the Old and New Testaments and remarkable shifts in scholarly methods of study. The present volume mirrors the increasing specialization of Old Testament studies, including the Hebrew and Greek Bibles, and reflects rich research activity that has unfolded over the last four decades in Pentateuch theory, Septuagint scholarship, Qumran studies and early Jewish exegesis of biblical texts. The second half of the volume discusses the period running from the New Testament to 600, including chapters on the Coptic, Syriac and Latin bibles, the 'Gnostic' use of the scriptures, pagan engagement with the Bible, the use of the Bible in Christian councils and in popular and non-literary culture. A fascinating in-depth account of the reception of the Bible in the earliest period of its history. |
| targum yerushalmi: Targum Jonathan to the Prophets Pinkhos Churgin, 1927 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| targum yerushalmi: The Legends of the Jews: Notes to volumes 1 and 2: From the creation to the exodus Louis Ginzberg, 1925 |
| targum yerushalmi: Political Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Jonathan Fine, 2015-03-26 Religious political violence is by no means a new phenomenon, yet there are critical differences between the various historical instances of such violence and its more current permutations. Since the mid-1970s, religious fundamentalist movements have been seeking to influence world order by participating in local political systems. For example, Islamic fundamentalism is at the heart of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, the Christian fundamental right wing has seen a resurgence in Europe, and Jewish fundamentalism is behind the actions of Meir Kahane’s Kach movement and the settler movement. The shift in recent years from secular to religious political violence necessitates a reevaluation of contemporary political violence and of the concept of religious violence. This text analyzes the evolution of religious political violence, in both historical and contemporary perspectives. Since religious political violent events are usually associated with the term “terrorism,” the book first analyzes the origins of this controversial term and its religious manifestations. It then outlines and highlights the differences between secular and religious political violence, on ideological, strategic, and tactical levels before comparing the concept of Holy War in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Lastly, it shows how modern radical monotheistic religious groups interpret and manipulate their religious sources and ideas to advocate their political agendas, including the practice of violence. A unique comparative study of religious political violence across Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, this text features many international case studies from the Crusades to the Arab Spring. |
| targum yerushalmi: שבת Shimon Finkelman, 1991 The Sages teach that when the six Days of Creation were over, everything in the universe was in place. What was the world lacking? Only one thing -- it lacked the contentment of a genuine, spiritual rest day, a contentment that could replenish the human spirit and bear testimony to the Architect and Creator of all that was. When the Sabbath came; contentment came. Our weekly Sabbath is a regular renewal of that final necessary aspect of Creation; our renewed acknowledgment of Him Who made all and grants us a share of the World to Come on earth, every seventh day. Drawn from the rich lodes of Jewish thought and practice, the book will help the reader enter the joy and holiness of the Sabbath, for the better we understand the deeper content of the day and what it represents, the better we enter into its higher universe. Book jacket. |
Targum - Wikipedia
Besides its public function in the synagogue, the Babylonian Talmud also mentions targum in the context of a personal study requirement: "A person should always review his portions of …
What is the Jewish Targum? - GotQuestions.org
Jan 4, 2022 · The Targum (plural, Targumim) is an Aramaic paraphrase/explanation/interpretation of the Hebrew text of the Jewish Scriptures provided by the rabbis in the course of teaching.
Targum | Ancient Jewish Biblical Interpretation & Translation
Targum, (Aramaic: “Translation,” or “Interpretation”), any of several translations of the Hebrew Bible or portions of it into the Aramaic language. The word originally indicated a translation of …
Tanakh, Targum - Sefaria
Targum (“translation”) is the name of a category of texts that translate the Tanakh into Aramaic, originally transmitted orally and committed to writing between the first and the sixth centuries CE.
TARGUM - JewishEncyclopedia.com
It forms a part of the Jewish traditional literature, and in its inception is as early as the time of the Second Temple. The verb , from which the noun is formed, is used in Ezra iv. 7 in reference to …
Topical Bible: Targum
These translations emerged during the Second Temple period when Aramaic had become the lingua franca of the Jewish people, and many were no longer fluent in Hebrew. The Targums …
The Targums - Accordance
Introducing the Targum. The word “targum” refers to translations of the Bible into Jewish Aramaic. In the post-exilic period, Aramaic began to be widely spoken in the Jewish community …
Targum - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway
Targumanu, “interpreter” or “translator,” occurs in Akkad. as early as the El-Amarna tablets (c. 1400-1350 b.c.). The attempt has been made, quite without warrant, to derive it from the Heb. …
Targum Meaning - Bible Definition and References
Discover the meaning of Targum in the Bible. Study the definition of Targum with multiple Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedias and find scripture references in the Old and New Testaments.
What Are the Targums and Why Are They Important for Old …
What Are the Targums and Why Are They Important for Old Testament Textual Criticism? The study of the Old Testament involves not only analyzing the Hebrew text but also understanding …
Targum - Wikipedia
Besides its public function in the synagogue, the Babylonian Talmud also mentions targum in the context of a personal study requirement: "A person should always review his portions of …
What is the Jewish Targum? - GotQuestions.org
Jan 4, 2022 · The Targum (plural, Targumim) is an Aramaic paraphrase/explanation/interpretation of the Hebrew text of the Jewish Scriptures provided by the rabbis in the course of teaching.
Targum | Ancient Jewish Biblical Interpretation & Translation
Targum, (Aramaic: “Translation,” or “Interpretation”), any of several translations of the Hebrew Bible or portions of it into the Aramaic language. The word originally indicated a translation of …
Tanakh, Targum - Sefaria
Targum (“translation”) is the name of a category of texts that translate the Tanakh into Aramaic, originally transmitted orally and committed to writing between the first and the sixth centuries CE.
TARGUM - JewishEncyclopedia.com
It forms a part of the Jewish traditional literature, and in its inception is as early as the time of the Second Temple. The verb , from which the noun is formed, is used in Ezra iv. 7 in reference to …
Topical Bible: Targum
These translations emerged during the Second Temple period when Aramaic had become the lingua franca of the Jewish people, and many were no longer fluent in Hebrew. The Targums …
The Targums - Accordance
Introducing the Targum. The word “targum” refers to translations of the Bible into Jewish Aramaic. In the post-exilic period, Aramaic began to be widely spoken in the Jewish community …
Targum - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway
Targumanu, “interpreter” or “translator,” occurs in Akkad. as early as the El-Amarna tablets (c. 1400-1350 b.c.). The attempt has been made, quite without warrant, to derive it from the Heb. …
Targum Meaning - Bible Definition and References
Discover the meaning of Targum in the Bible. Study the definition of Targum with multiple Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedias and find scripture references in the Old and New Testaments.
What Are the Targums and Why Are They Important for Old …
What Are the Targums and Why Are They Important for Old Testament Textual Criticism? The study of the Old Testament involves not only analyzing the Hebrew text but also understanding …
