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| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited Benny Morris, 2004 This book explores the realities behind the Palestinian exodus of 1948 during the Arab-Israeli war. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 Benny Morris, 1989-02-24 This book is the first full-length study of the birth of the Palestinian refugee problem. Based on recently declassified Israeli, British and American state and party political papers and on hitherto untapped private papers, it traces the stages of the 1947-9 exodus against the backdrop of the first Arab-Israeli war and analyses the varied causes of the flight. The Jewish and Arab decision-making involved, on national and local levels, military and political, is described and explained, as is the crystallisation of Israel's decision to bar a refugee repatriation. The subsequent fate of the abandoned Arab villages, lands and urban neighbourhoods is examined. The study looks at the international context of the war and the exodus, and describes the political battle over the refugees' fate, which effectively ended with the deadlock at Lausanne in summer 1949. Throughout the book attempts to describe what happened rather than what successive generations of Israeli and Arab propagandists have said happened, and to explain the motives of the protagonists. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: 1948 Benny Morris, 2008-10-01 This history of the foundational war in the Arab-Israeli conflict is groundbreaking, objective, and deeply revisionist. Besides the military account, it also focuses on the war's political dimensions. Historian Morris probes the motives and aims of the protagonists on the basis of newly opened Israeli and Western documentation. The Arab side--where the archives are still closed--is illuminated with the help of intelligence and diplomatic materials. Morris stresses the jihadi character of the two-stage Arab assault on the Jewish community in Palestine. He examines the dialectic between the war's military and political developments and highlights the military impetus in the creation of the Palestinian refugee problem. He looks both at high politics and general staff decision-making and at the nitty-gritty of combat in the battles that resulted in the emergence of the State of Israel and the humiliation of the Arab world--a humiliation that underlies the continued Arab antagonism toward Israel.--Résumé de l'éditeur. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The War of Return Adi Schwartz, Einat Wilf, 2020-04-28 Two prominent Israeli liberals argue that for the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians to end with peace, Palestinians must come to terms with the fact that there will be no right of return. In 1948, seven hundred thousand Palestinians were forced out of their homes by the first Arab-Israeli War. More than seventy years later, most of their houses are long gone, but millions of their descendants are still registered as refugees, with many living in refugee camps. This group—unlike countless others that were displaced in the aftermath of World War II and other conflicts—has remained unsettled, demanding to settle in the state of Israel. Their belief in a right of return is one of the largest obstacles to successful diplomacy and lasting peace in the region. In The War of Return, Adi Schwartz and Einat Wilf—both liberal Israelis supportive of a two-state solution—reveal the origins of the idea of a right of return, and explain how UNRWA - the very agency charged with finding a solution for the refugees - gave in to Palestinian, Arab and international political pressure to create a permanent “refugee” problem. They argue that this Palestinian demand for a “right of return” has no legal or moral basis and make an impassioned plea for the US, the UN, and the EU to recognize this fact, for the good of Israelis and Palestinians alike. A runaway bestseller in Israel, the first English translation of The War of Return is certain to spark lively debate throughout America and abroad. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Expulsion of the Palestinians Nur Masalha, 1992 In this meticulous work, based almost entirely on Hebrew archival material, Nur Masalha examines the Zionist concept of transfer, or the expulsion of the Palestinian population to neighboring Arab lands. Masalha establishes the extent to which transfer was embraced by the highest levels of Zionist leadership, including virtually all the Founding Fathers of the Israeli state. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 Benny Morris, 1987 This book is the first full-length study of the birth of the Palestinian refugee problem. Based on recently declassified Israeli, British and American state and party political papers and on hitherto untapped private papers, it traces the stages of the 1947-9 exodus against the backdrop of the first Arab-Israeli war and analyses the varied causes of the flight. The Jewish and Arab decision-making involved, on national and local levels, military and political, is described and explained, as is the crystallisation of Israel's decision to bar a refugee repatriation. The subsequent fate of the abandoned Arab villages, lands and urban neighbourhoods is examined. The study looks at the international context of the war and the exodus, and describes the political battle over the refugees' fate, which effectively ended with the deadlock at Lausanne in summer 1949. Throughout the book attempts to describe what happened rather than what successive generations of Israeli and Arab propagandists have said happened, and to explain the motives of the protagonists. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited Benny Morris, 2012 |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine Ilan Pappe, 2007-09-01 The book that is providing a storm of controversy, from ‘Israel’s bravest historian’ (John Pilger) Renowned Israeli historian, Ilan Pappe's groundbreaking work on the formation of the State of Israel. 'Along with the late Edward Said, Ilan Pappe is the most eloquent writer of Palestinian history.' NEW STATESMAN Between 1947 and 1949, over 400 Palestinian villages were deliberately destroyed, civilians were massacred and around a million men, women, and children were expelled from their homes at gunpoint. Denied for almost six decades, had it happened today it could only have been called 'ethnic cleansing'. Decisively debunking the myth that the Palestinian population left of their own accord in the course of this war, Ilan Pappe offers impressive archival evidence to demonstrate that, from its very inception, a central plank in Israel’s founding ideology was the forcible removal of the indigenous population. Indispensable for anyone interested in the current crisis in the Middle East. *** 'Ilan Pappe is Israel's bravest, most principled, most incisive historian.' JOHN PILGER 'Pappe has opened up an important new line of inquiry into the vast and fateful subject of the Palestinian refugees. His book is rewarding in other ways. It has at times an elegiac, even sentimental, character, recalling the lost, obliterated life of the Palestinian Arabs and imagining or regretting what Pappe believes could have been a better land of Palestine.' TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT 'A major intervention in an argument that will, and must, continue. There's no hope of lasting Middle East peace while the ghosts of 1948 still walk.' INDEPENDENT |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: One State, Two States Benny Morris, 2009 With the same commitment to objectivity that has characterized his approach, historian Morris turns his attention to the complicated and acrimonious relationship that exists between Palestine and Israel. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The 1967 Arab-Israeli War Wm Roger Louis, Avi Shlaim, 2012-02-13 The June 1967 war was a watershed in the history of the modern Middle East. In six days, the Israelis defeated the Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian armies, seizing large portions of their territories. Two veteran scholars of the Middle East bring together some of the most knowledgeable experts in their fields to reassess the origins and the legacies of the war. Each chapter takes a different perspective from the vantage point of a different participant, those that actually took part in the war and also the world powers that played important roles behind the scenes. Their conclusions make for sober reading. At the heart of the story was the incompetence of the Egyptian leadership and the rivalry between various Arab players who were deeply suspicious of each other's motives. Israel, on the other side, gained a resounding victory for which, despite previous assessments to the contrary, there was no master plan. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Idea of Israel Ilan Pappe, 2016-01-05 A major history of Zionism and the state of Israel—for anyone interested in deepening their knowledge of the Israel-Palestine conflict and Middle Eastern politics “[Ilan Pappé] is . . . one of the few Israeli students of the conflict who write about the Palestinian side with real knowledge and empathy.” —Guardian Since its foundation in 1948, Israel has drawn on Zionism, the movement behind its creation, to provide a sense of self and political direction. In this groundbreaking new work, Ilan Pappe looks at the continued role of Zionist ideology. The Idea of Israel considers the way Zionism operates outside of the government and military in areas such as the country’s education system, media, and cinema, and the uses that are made of the Holocaust in supporting the state’s ideological structure. In particular, Pappe examines the way successive generations of historians have framed the 1948 conflict as a liberation campaign, creating a foundation myth that went unquestioned in Israeli society until the 1990s. Pappe himself was part of the post-Zionist movement that arose then. He was attacked and received death threats as he exposed the truth about how Palestinians have been treated and the gruesome structure that links the production of knowledge to the exercise of power. The Idea of Israel is a powerful and urgent intervention in the war of ideas concerning the past, and the future, of the Palestinian–Israeli conflict. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Palestinian Refugees J. Ginat, Edward Joseph Perkins, 2001 As violence escalates in the Middle East, a peace agreement between Israel and Palestine seems more elusive than ever. Yet one thing remains clear: without constructive dialogue such an agreement cannot occur. This timely volume presents just such a dialogue. It brings together opinions, perspectives, and research focused on one of the region’s most complex and volatile problems: the Palestinian refugee situation. Based on a 1999 conference at the University of Oklahoma International Program Center, Palestinian Refugees combines contributions from Israelis, Palestinians, Jordanians, Egyptians, Americans, and Europeans. In addition to focusing on the Palestinian refugees, the essays present various proposals for solving the Palestinian problem. Organized in two parts, the volume presents both scholarly essays and position papers. The scholarly essays place current issues in historical context and explore the Palestinian belief in the right of return and questions of appropriate compensation. The position papers focus on policy and offer a variety of perspectives. Concluding the volume is a special essay on public polls that gauge how Palestinians and Israelis view the circumstances of Palestinian refugees and what they feel about possible solutions. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: 1949 Tom Segev, 1998-04-15 Previously published: New York: Free Press; London: Collier Macmillan, c1986. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force, 1881-1948 Anita Shapira, 2023-06-07 The book traces the history of attitudes toward power and the use of armed force within the Zionist movement from an early period in which most leaders espoused an ideal of peaceful settlement in Palestine, to the acceptance of force as a legitimate tool for achieving a sovereign Jewish state. “[A] classic... This brilliant intellectual history by a distinguished Tel Aviv University scholar shows how the exilic Jewish aversion to Machtpolitik shriveled in the crucible of state-building. Mainstream Zionism, which never saw itself as a movement of European usurpers, evolved what Shapira calls a ‘defensive ethos’ under British rule that skirted both compromise and confrontation with the Arabs. It hoped to dull enmity by offering Palestine's Arabs everything as individuals but nothing as a people. But when the proto-intifada of the Arab Revolt erupted in 1936, a new ‘offensive ethos’ recognizing the inevitability of an Arab-Jewish clash and the legitimacy of the sword gained ground among Mandate Palestine's Jews. Shapira's lucid, searching book — a model of historical curiosity and craft — is indispensable for anyone seeking to understand modern Israel, whose sense of its own power coexists painfully alongside a sense of fearful victimhood.” — Foreign Affairs “Shapira succeeds... in presenting more than a one-dimensional intellectual history of the Zionist movement... Displaying her skills as a serious historian and a fine writer, Shapira offers a nuanced and even-handed examination of a variety of elements within the Jewish community based on a rich selection of original sources.” — The Historical Journal “A rich and sophisticated work that nicely complements more conventional political-historical studies of the Arab-Israeli conflict... Shapira sifts through a vast body of material, ranging from essays, poems, and memoir literature to the unpublished minutes of political party and youth group meetings. Shapira interprets these sources with sensitivity and insight. Shapira writes with power, compassion, and warmth... a landmark book that is an outstanding contribution to the history of Zionist political thought and culture.” — American Historical Review “This is a superb book. It is a well-researched, detailed, and scholarly account that provides new and valuable insights into the dilemma posed by the formation and elaboration of a more forceful Israeli military posture.” — The Historian “Shapira’s powerful, well-written... lucid intellectual history of a segment of the Zionist movement... is fascinating and easy to read... highly educational.” — Journal of Economic History “Anita Shapira provides an excellent analysis of the different debates within Zionism during the pre-state period... Altogether, this is an intellectual history of the Zionist Movement well worth reading. It is meticulously researched and analysed, incomparable in terms of depth, and essential for anyone with an interest in the Arab-Israeli conflict, Zionism and contemporary Jewish history.” — The English Historical Review “[A] comprehensive political history of pre-1948 Palestine... The book is lucidly written, well researched, based on extensive primary and secondary resources. The translation from the Hebrew edition by William Templer is outstanding... this is perhaps the most conceptually sophisticated and thematically integrated work on the Yishuv recently written... Land and Power is a significant and an excellent contribution to our understanding of Zionism and the Yishuv.” — Shofar |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Book of Disappearance Ibtisam Azem, 2019-07-12 What if all the Palestinians in Israel simply disappeared one day? What would happen next? How would Israelis react? These unsettling questions are posed in Azem’s powerfully imaginative novel. Set in contemporary Tel Aviv forty eight hours after Israelis discover all their Palestinian neighbors have vanished, the story unfolds through alternating narrators, Alaa, a young Palestinian man who converses with his dead grandmother in the journal he left behind when he disappeared, and his Jewish neighbor, Ariel, a journalist struggling to understand the traumatic event. Through these perspectives, the novel stages a confrontation between two memories. Ariel is a liberal Zionist who is critical of the military occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, but nevertheless believes in Israel’s project and its national myth. Alaa is haunted by his grandmother’s memories of being displaced from Jaffa and becoming a refugee in her homeland. Ariel’s search for clues to the secret of the collective disappearance and his reaction to it intimately reveal the fissures at the heart of the Palestinian question. The Book of Disappearance grapples with both the memory of loss and the loss of memory for the Palestinians. Presenting a narrative that is often marginalized, Antoon’s translation of the critically acclaimed Arabic novel invites English readers into the complex lives of Palestinians living in Israel. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: White City, Black City Sharon Roṭbard, 2014 |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Mornings in Jenin Susan Abulhawa, 2010-02-15 A heart-wrenching novel explores how several generations of one Palestinian family cope with the loss of their land after the 1948 creation of Israel and their subsequent life in Palestine, which is often marred by war and violence. A first novel. Reprint. Reading-group guide included. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Under the Cover of War Rosemarie M. Esber, 2008 Under the Cover of War presents a critical examination of the last six months of the British Palestine mandate, November 1947 to mid-May 1948. Unpublished military and diplomatic sources and new, original refugee interviews support the Palestinians account of their Nakba (catastrophe)--Provided by publisher. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Righteous Victims Benny Morris, 2001-08-28 A New York Times Notable Book At a time when the Middle East has come closer to achieving peace than ever before, eminent Israeli historian Benny Morris explodes the myths cherished by both sides to present an epic history of Zionist-Arab relations over the past 120 years. Tracing the roots of political Zionism back to the pogroms of Russia and the Dreyfus Affair, Morris describes the gradual influx of Jewish settlers into Palestine and the impact they had on the Arab population. Following the Holocaust, the first Arab-Israeli war of 1948 resulted in the establishment of the State of Israel, but it also shattered Palestinian Arab society and gave rise to a massive refugee problem. Morris offers distinctive accounts of each of the subsequent Israeli-Arab wars and details the sporadic peace efforts in between, culminating in the peace process initiated by the Rabin Government. In a new afterword to the Vintage edition, he examines Ehud Barak’s leadership, the death of President Assad of Syria, and Israel’s withdrawal from Lebanon, and the recent renewed conflict with the Palestinians. Studded with illuminating portraits of the major protagonists, Righteous Victims provides an authoritative record of the middle east and its continuing struggle toward peace. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Israeli Foreign Policy since the End of the Cold War Amnon Aran, 2020-12-17 The first study of Israeli foreign policy towards the Middle East and selected world powers, since the end of the Cold War to the present. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Israel's Moment Jeffrey Herf, 2022-02-03 A new account of support for and opposition to Zionist aspirations in Palestine in the United States and Europe from 1945 to 1949. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Palestine Betrayed Efraim Karsh, 2011 `A brave and exceedingly important piece of work.'--David Vital, author of A People Apart --Book Jacket. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Anglo-American Diplomacy and the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1948-51 S. Waldman, 2016-01-12 This volume examines British and US attitudes towards the means and mechanisms for the facilitation of an Arab-Israeli reconciliation, focusing specifically on the refugee factor in diplomatic initiatives. It explains why Britain and the US were unable to reconcile the local parties to an agreement on the future of the Palestinian refugees. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Jewish Internationalism and Human Rights after the Holocaust Nathan A. Kurz, 2020-11-26 Nathan A. Kurz charts the fraught relationship between Jewish internationalism and international rights protection in the second half of the twentieth century. For nearly a century, Jewish lawyers and advocacy groups in Western Europe and the United States had pioneered forms of international rights protection, tying the defense of Jews to norms and rules that aspired to curb the worst behavior of rapacious nation-states. In the wake of the Holocaust and the creation of the State of Israel, however, Jewish activists discovered they could no longer promote the same norms, laws and innovations without fear they could soon apply to the Jewish state. Using previously unexamined sources, Nathan Kurz examines the transformation of Jewish internationalism from an effort to constrain the power of nation-states to one focused on cementing Israel's legitimacy and its status as a haven for refugees from across the Jewish diaspora. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Question Of Zion Jacqueline Rose, 2016-05-16 Zionism is driven by the search for a homeland for the stateless and persecuted Jewish people. Yet it has infamously clashed with the rights of the Arabs in Palestine and become so controversial that deep understanding and reasoned public debate is increasingly difficult. Prominent British writer Jacqueline Rose uses her political and analytical skills to take an unprecedented look at Zionism—one of the most powerful ideologies of modern times. Rose enters the inner world of the movement and asks a new set of questions. How did Zionism take shape as an identity? And why does it seem so immutable? Rose argues that Zionism colours Israel's most profound self-image. In the most provocative part of her book, Rose proposes that the link between the Holocaust and the founding of the Jewish state—so often used to justify Israel's policies—needs to be rethought. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Christian Missions and Humanitarianism in The Middle East, 1850-1950 , 2020-09-07 From the early phases of modern missions, Christian missionaries supported many humanitarian activities, mostly framed as subservient to the preaching of Christianity. This anthology contributes to a historically grounded understanding of the complex relationship between Christian missions and the roots of humanitarianism and its contemporary uses in a Middle Eastern context. Contributions focus on ideologies, rhetoric, and practices of missionaries and their apostolates towards humanitarianism, from the mid-19th century Middle East crises, examining different missionaries, their society’s worldview and their networks in various areas of the Middle East. In the early 20th century Christian missions increasingly paid more attention to organisation and bureaucratisation (‘rationalisation’), and media became more important to their work. The volume analyses how non-missionaries took over, to a certain extent, the aims and organisations of the missionaries as to humanitarianism. It seeks to discover and retrace such ‘entangled histories’ for the first time in an integral perspective. Contributors include: Beth Baron, Philippe Bourmaud, Seija Jalagin, Nazan Maksudyan, Michael Marten, Heleen (L.) Murre-van den Berg, Inger Marie Okkenhaug, Idir Ouahes, Maria Chiara Rioli, Karène Sanchez Summerer, Bertrand Taithe, and Chantal Verdeil |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Massacre That Never Was Eliezer Tauber, 2021-09 |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Movement and the Middle East Michael R. Fischbach, 2019 The Arab-Israeli conflict constituted a serious problem for the American Left in the 1960s: pro-Palestinian activists hailed the Palestinian struggle against Israel as part of a fundamental restructuring of the global imperialist order, while pro-Israeli leftists held a less revolutionary worldview that understood Israel as a paragon of democratic socialist virtue. This intra-left debate was in part doctrinal, in part generational. But further woven into this split were sometimes agonizing questions of identity. Jews were disproportionately well-represented in the Movement, and their personal and communal lives could deeply affect their stances vis-à-vis the Middle East. The Movement and the Middle East offers the first assessment of the controversial and ultimately debilitating role of the Arab-Israeli conflict among left-wing activists during a turbulent period of American history. Michael R. Fischbach draws on a deep well of original sources--from personal interviews to declassified FBI and CIA documents--to present a story of the left-wing responses to the question of Palestine and Israel. He shows how, as the 1970s wore on, the cleavages emerging within the American Left widened, weakening the Movement and leaving a lasting impact that still affects progressive American politics today. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: From Antisemitism to Anti-Zionism Eunice G. Pollack, 2018-08 Leading scholars use the lenses of history, sociology, political science, psychology, philosophy, religion, and literature to examine, disentangle, and remove the disguises of the many forms of antisemitism and anti-Zionism that have inhabited or targeted the English-speaking world in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Although in principle one can be anti-Zionist without being antisemitic, authors document and trace the numerous parallels and continuities between the hoary tropes attached for centuries to the Jewish people and the more recent vilifications of the Jewish state. They evaluate--and discredit--many of the central claims anti-Zionists have promoted in their relentless effort to delegitimize the Jewish state. They show how mainstream anti-racist communities, courses and texts have ignored--or denied--the antisemitic hatred that pervades much of the Muslim world. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Frontier Nomads of Iran Richard Tapper, 1997-08-28 Richard Tapper's 1997 book, which is based on three decades of ethnographic fieldwork and extensive documentary research, traces the political and social history of the Shahsevan, one of the major nomadic peoples of Iran. The story is a dramatic one, recounting the mythical origins of the tribes, their unification as a confederacy, and their decline under the Pahlavi Shahs. The book is intended as a contribution to three different debates. The first concerns the riddle of Shahsevan origins, while another considers how far changes in tribal social and political formations are a function of relations with states. The third discusses how different constructions of the identity of a particular people determine their view of the past. In this way, the book promises not only to make a major contribution to the history and anthropology of the Middle East and Central Asia, but also to theoretical debates in both disciplines. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Yemen Endures Ginny Hill, 2017-08-01 Why is Saudi Arabia, the world's largest oil exporter, involved in a costly and merciless war against its mountainous southern neighbor Yemen, the poorest country in the Middle East? When the Saudis attacked the hitherto obscure Houthi militia, which they believed had Iranian backing, to oust Yemen's government in 2015, they expected an easy victory. They appealed for Western help and bought weapons worth billions of dollars from Britain and America; yet two years later the Houthis, a unique Shia sect, have the upper hand. In her revealing portrait of modern Yemen, Ginny Hill delves into its recent history, dominated by the enduring and pernicious influence of career dictator Ali Abdullah Saleh, who ruled for three decades before being forced out by street protests in 2011. Saleh masterminded patronage networks that kept the state weak, allowing conflict, social inequality and terrorism to flourish. In the chaos that follows his departure, civil war and regional interference plague the country while separatist groups, Al-Qaeda and ISIS compete to exploit the broken state. And yet, Yemen endures. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Politics of Denial Nur Masalha, 2003-10-20 Analyses Israeli policies towards Palestinian refugees from 1948 to the present. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Before There is Nowhere to Stand Joan Dobbie, Grace Beeler, 2012 Appalled by the violence of Israel's Operation Cast Lead against Gaza in 2008-09, Joan Dobbie and her niece Grace Beeler, descendants of Holocaust survivors, issued a call for poems by writers of Palestinian or Jewish heritage . . . for an anthology that strives for understanding . . . in the belief that poetry can create understanding and understanding can dull hatred. This book is a tribute to resourceful imaginations. Its purpose is to give readers an occasion to perceive the aspirations and passions of those whose lives have been affected by the struggle--in Joseph Conrad's words, to make you hear, to make you feel--it is, before all, to make you see. The poems are arranged in seven sections, each dealing with an attribute or phase of the Palestine-Israel struggle. When possible, selections alternate between Jewish and Arab authors, effecting dissonance in subject, emphasis, and attitude--an uneasy multiculturalism. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Birth of Israel Simha Flapan, 1983-01-01 |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The ABC of the OPT Orna Ben-Naftali, Michael Sfard, Hedi Viterbo, 2018-05-10 A lexicon of the legal, administrative, and military terms and concepts central to the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Zionism and the Foundations of Israeli Diplomacy Sasson Sofer, 1998-05-21 Historical reconstruction of the origins of Zionist ideology demonstrating its influence on Israeli politics. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: The Palestinian Refugee Problem Rex Brynen, Roula El-Rifai, 2014 Provides an overview of the key dimensions of the Palestinian refugee problem. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: A Political Study of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Rony Gabbay, 1959 |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: Ruling Palestine , 2004 Addresses the issue of reparations for the forced eviction and displacement of Maya Achi communities in Guatemala, specifically in the context of the construction of the Pueblo Viejo-Quixal Hydroelectric Project (Chixoy Dam). Between 1980 and 1982, an estimated 440 persons of the Rió Negro community were brutally murdered in a series of massacres ... Both the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the World Bank provided funding for and supervised the Chixoy Dam Project. The Chixoy Dam case clearly highlights the complicity of international financial institutions, including the IDB and the World Bank, in the brutal and unlawful displacement of indigenous communities from their lands in Guatemala--Back cover. |
| the birth of the palestinian refugee problem revisited: A Confiscated Memory Yfaat Weiss, 2011 Yfaat Weiss tells the story of an Arab neighborhood in Haifa that later acquired iconic status in Israeli memory. Weiss investigates the erasure of Wadi Salib's Arab heritage and its emergence as an Israeli site of memory. Through her sensitive reading of events, she offers uncommon perspective on the personal and political making of Israeli belonging. |
Woman giving birth: Live birth video | BabyCenter
Apr 25, 2025 · Since natural birth can be intense, having a strong support system (partner, doula, or loved one) and using pain-relief techniques like warm baths, breathing exercises, and …
Birth - Wikipedia
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, [1] also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the …
Birth | Definition, Stages, Complications, & Facts | Britannica
May 30, 2025 · Birth, process of bringing forth a child from the uterus, or womb. The three stages of labor are dilatation, expulsion, and the placental stage. Learn more about these stages, the …
BIRTH Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of BIRTH is the emergence of a new individual from the body of its parent. How to use birth in a sentence.
Stages of labor and birth: Baby, it's time! - Mayo Clinic
Jul 23, 2024 · Stages of labor and birth: Baby, it's time! Labor is a natural process. Here's what to expect during the stages of labor and birth — along with some tips to make labor more …
BIRTH | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BIRTH definition: 1. the time when a baby or young animal comes out of its mother's body: 2. a child that is born…. Learn more.
Everything You Need to Know About Giving Birth - Verywell …
Dec 29, 2023 · Giving birth is the process of pushing the baby out from your uterus. When you are ready to do that, you will go through labor, which consists of three stages. Signs like …
Childbirth | Stages of Labor | Effacement - MedlinePlus
May 19, 2025 · Childbirth is the process of having a baby. Learn about the 3 stages of labor, and how you can prepare, tell if you are in labor, and manage the pain.
Birth - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Birth (to be born) means when a baby animal comes out of its egg, or out of its mother after pregnancy. It is sometimes thought of as the beginning of life . It is also known as calving in …
Average age of moms giving birth in U.S. has climbed to ... - CBS …
4 days ago · The average age of moms giving birth in the U.S. continues to rise, hitting nearly 30 years old in 2023, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and …
Woman giving birth: Live birth video | BabyCenter
Apr 25, 2025 · Since natural birth can be intense, having a strong support system (partner, doula, or loved one) and using pain-relief techniques like warm baths, breathing exercises, and massage …
Birth - Wikipedia
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, [1] also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the …
Birth | Definition, Stages, Complications, & Facts | Britannica
May 30, 2025 · Birth, process of bringing forth a child from the uterus, or womb. The three stages of labor are dilatation, expulsion, and the placental stage. Learn more about these stages, the …
BIRTH Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of BIRTH is the emergence of a new individual from the body of its parent. How to use birth in a sentence.
Stages of labor and birth: Baby, it's time! - Mayo Clinic
Jul 23, 2024 · Stages of labor and birth: Baby, it's time! Labor is a natural process. Here's what to expect during the stages of labor and birth — along with some tips to make labor more …
BIRTH | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BIRTH definition: 1. the time when a baby or young animal comes out of its mother's body: 2. a child that is born…. Learn more.
Everything You Need to Know About Giving Birth - Verywell Health
Dec 29, 2023 · Giving birth is the process of pushing the baby out from your uterus. When you are ready to do that, you will go through labor, which consists of three stages. Signs like contractions …
Childbirth | Stages of Labor | Effacement - MedlinePlus
May 19, 2025 · Childbirth is the process of having a baby. Learn about the 3 stages of labor, and how you can prepare, tell if you are in labor, and manage the pain.
Birth - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Birth (to be born) means when a baby animal comes out of its egg, or out of its mother after pregnancy. It is sometimes thought of as the beginning of life . It is also known as calving in …
Average age of moms giving birth in U.S. has climbed to ... - CBS …
4 days ago · The average age of moms giving birth in the U.S. continues to rise, hitting nearly 30 years old in 2023, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and …
