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| strafbattalion uniform: Strafbattalion: Walter S. Zapotoczny Jr., 2017-12-17 The German Army’s Strafbattalions were infantry units made up largely of convicts, felons, malingerers, thugs and the criminally insanePreviously unpublished story of the unitsThe accounts of the most famous Strafbattalion units in combatA story of little-known Nazi units: Hitler’s ‘Dirty Dozens’ When war broke out in 1939, Hitler created Strafbattalion (Penal Battalion) units to deal with incarcerated members of the Wehrmacht as well as ‘subversives’. His order stated that any first-time convicted soldier could return to his unit after he had served a portion of his sentence in ‘…a special probation corps before the enemy’. Beginning in April 1941, convicted soldiers, even those sentenced to death, who had shown exceptional bravery or meritorious service could rejoin their original units; however, those in probation units were expected to undertake dangerous operations at the front. Refusal entailed enforcement of the original sentence. The soldiers who ‘won back an honourable place in the national community’ had done everything that was asked of them from suicidal advance teams, shock troops, and laying mines under fire. By 1945, over 50,000 Wehrmacht troops had served in punishment regiments. Strafbatallion: Hitler’s Penal Battalions examines the penal units, their combat history and order of battle. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Strafbattalion Walter S. Zapotoczny Jr., 2017-12-21 The German Army’s Strafbattalions were infantry units made up largely of convicts, felons, malingerers, thugs and the criminally insanePreviously unpublished story of the unitsThe accounts of the most famous Strafbattalion units in combatA story of little-known Nazi units: Hitler’s ‘Dirty Dozens’ When war broke out in 1939, Hitler created Strafbattalion (Penal Battalion) units to deal with incarcerated members of the Wehrmacht as well as ‘subversives’. His order stated that any first-time convicted soldier could return to his unit after he had served a portion of his sentence in ‘…a special probation corps before the enemy’. Beginning in April 1941, convicted soldiers, even those sentenced to death, who had shown exceptional bravery or meritorious service could rejoin their original units; however, those in probation units were expected to undertake dangerous operations at the front. Refusal entailed enforcement of the original sentence. The soldiers who ‘won back an honourable place in the national community’ had done everything that was asked of them from suicidal advance teams, shock troops, and laying mines under fire. By 1945, over 50,000 Wehrmacht troops had served in punishment regiments. Strafbatallion: Hitler’s Penal Battalions examines the penal units, their combat history and order of battle. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The Italian Army in North Africa Walter Zapotoczny, 2018-03-22 When most people think of the Italian Army in North Africa during the Second World War, they tend to believe that the average Italian soldier offered little resistance to the Allies before surrendering. Many believe the Italian Army, as a whole, performed in a cowardly manner in North Africa. The reality is not so simple. The question remains as to whether the Italians were really cowards or actually victims of circumstance. While the Italian soldier's commitment to the war was not as great as that of the German soldier, many Italians fought bravely. The Italian Littorio and Ariete Divisions earned Allied admiration at Tobruk, Gazala, and EI Alamein. The Italian Army played a significant role as part of the German Afrika Korps and made up a large portion of the Axis combat power in North Africa during 1941 and 1942. In the interest of determining how the Italian Army earned the reputation that it did, it is necessary to analyze why and how the Italians fought. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Ghost Riders Mark Felton, 2018-07-05 April 1945. As Allied bombs rain down on Europe, a 400-year-old institution looks set to be wiped off the face of the Earth. The famous white Lipizzaner stallions of the Spanish Riding School in Vienna, unique and precious animals representing centuries of careful breeding, are scattered across rural Austria and Czechoslovakia in areas soon to be swallowed up by Soviet forces – there, doubtless, to become rations for the Red Army. Their only hope lies with the Americans: what if a small, highly mobile US task force could be sent deep behind German lines, through fanatical SS troops, to rescue the horses before the Soviets arrive. Just five light tanks, a handful of armoured cars and jeeps, and 300 battle-weary GIs must plunge headlong into the unknown on a rescue mission that could change the course of European history. So begins Operation Cowboy, the greatest Second World War story that has never been fully told. GIs will join forces with surrendered German soldiers and liberated prisoners of war to save the world's finest horses from fanatical SS and the ruthless Red Army in an extraordinary battle during the last few days of the war in Europe. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Bolt Action: Duel in the Sun Warlord Games, 2016-02-25 With Duel in the Sun, players can take command of the doughty Desert Rats of Montgomery's 8th Army, the fast-moving and hard-hitting raiders of the Long Range Desert Army (LRDG), or Rommel's mighty Afrika Korps, to recreate some of the most iconic battles of World War II – Operations Compass, Crusader and Torch, Tobruk, and Alamein, amongst others. Offering scenarios, special rules and new troop types, this Theatre Book for Bolt Action also takes players across the Mediterranean from North Africa, where they can follow the Italian Campaign from the invasion of Sicily, through the battles for Anzio and Cassino, to the final assaults on the Gothic Line. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The Eagle Has Landed Jack Higgins, 2013 'The Eagle Has Landed' tells the story of the daring mission to kidnap Winston Churchill from British soil and take him back to Germany. |
| strafbattalion uniform: A Global History of Convicts and Penal Colonies Clare Anderson, 2018-05-17 This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. It is funded by the University of Leicester. Between 1415, when the Portuguese first used convicts for colonization purposes in the North African enclave of Ceuta, to the 1960s and the dissolution of Stalin's gulags, global powers including the Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, British, Russians, Chinese and Japanese transported millions of convicts to forts, penal settlements and penal colonies all over the world. A Global History of Convicts and Penal Colonies builds on specific regional archives and literatures to write the first global history of penal transportation. The essays explore the idea of penal transportation as an engine of global change, in which political repression and forced labour combined to produce long-term impacts on economy, society and identity. They investigate the varied and interconnected routes convicts took to penal sites across the world, and the relationship of these convict flows to other forms of punishment, unfree labour, military service and indigenous incarceration. They also explore the lived worlds of convicts, including work, culture, religion and intimacy, and convict experience and agency. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Lavochkin Fighters of the Second World War Jason Moore , 2017-03-13 The Lavochkin fighters remain little known in the West, although with the Yakovlev fighter series they were the backbone of the Red Air Force fighter force during the Second World War. The author rectifies that with this comprehensive history of these fighters. With this book he describes in great detail the three main variants of the Lavochkin fighter series during the Second World War: the only partially successful LaGG-3 inline-engined fighter, the successful radial-engined La-5 fighter, and the superb radial engined La-7 fighter, one of the best piston-engined fighter aircraft of the entire Second World War. Both the design and history of these fighters are featured, including how the mediocre inline engined LaGG-3 was turned into a top notch fighter by the replacement of the Klimov inline engine by the Shvetsov M-82 radial engine. Besides describing the wartime designs he includes a section on the postwar successors to the Second World War fighters, the completely new all metal La-9 and La-11, which saw extensive postwar service. Accurate color profiles illustrate all variants. |
| strafbattalion uniform: RAF Bomber Command: 'Strike Hard, Strike Sure' 1936-1945 Ron Mackay, 2022-03-31 -> Historically rich in detail with previously unpublished photographs from private archives -> Researched and written by an aviation and military historian renowned author -> Essential for military/historians, modellers, flight-sim enthusiasts (War Thunder, IL-2 Sturmovik: Great Battles and DCS) and those interested in the complexities of aircraft design and production during the Second World War ‘They sowed the wind and now they are going to reap the whirlwind.’ Arthur ‘Bomber’ Harris The concept of an aerial campaign on a nation’s industrial and military might was advocated by Britain before the start of the First World War; however, a stringent post-war economy ensured that the creation of Bomber Command in 1936 witnessed a daunting disparity between the aim of striking at an adversary’s ability to sustain itself and the means to do so. From 1939 to 1942, Bomber Command was very weak in terms of human and material losses. The navigational means with which to accurately guide bombers to targets was almost completely lacking while the enemy defensive network inflicted serious casualties. Consequently, the punishment handed out was minimal. The resurgence of Bomber Command’s fortunes coincided with the appointment of Sir Arthur Harris. The advent of four-engine designs such as the Avro Lancaster and Handley Page Halifax ensured that a greatly increased bomb tonnage could be delivered. Also, electronic aids such as Gee, Oboe and H2S simplified the task in finding targets. Therefore, by 1944-1945, the RAF’s bombers pulverised Hitler’s Third Reich. Although flak and night-fighters took a heavy toll on the bombers, the RAF’s nocturnal offensive in conjunction with the USAAF’s daylight assaults crippled Germany’s ability to fight back. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The Lion and the Dragon Nigel Imner, 2019-07-19 During the middle of the 19th-Century, Britain and China would twice go to war over trade, and in particular the trade in opium. The Chinese people had progressively become addicted to the narcotic, a habit that British merchants were more than happy to feed from their opium-poppy fields in India. When the Qing dynasty rulers of China attempted to supress this trade--due to the serious social and economic problems it caused--the British Government responded with gunboat diplomacy, and conflict soon ensued.¶The first conflict, known as the First Anglo-Chinese War or Opium War (1839-42), ended in British victory and the Treaty of Nanking. However, this treaty was heavily biased in favour of the British, and it would not be long before there was a renewal of hostilities, taking the form of what became known as the Second Anglo-Chinese War or Arrow War (1857-60). Again, the second conflict would end with an 'unequal treaty' that was heavily biased towards the victor.¶'The Lion and the Dragon: Britain's Opium Wars with China, 1839-1860' examines the causes and ensuing military history of these tragic conflicts, as well as their bitter legacies. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Ramsgate Municipal Airport Anthony John Moor, 2018-10 |
| strafbattalion uniform: Cuba Cars and Cigars Martin Bowman, 2017-06-08 Glorious colour images complete with informative captions and introductory chapter of the rare and varied Cuban-owned 1950s American and European automobiles, trucks and station wagons that were imported before 1961. Sections include 'Last Chance Saloons', 'Winged Rockets and 38 D-Cups', 'Cuban Coupes', 'Keep On Trucking', 'Cuban Heels', 'Drive & Determination' and 'The Weird and Wonderful'. Among the famous Marques that feature are Cadillac, Chevy, Buick, Dodge, Oldsmobile, Ford, Packard, De Soto, Pontiac, Plymouth, Edsel, Mercury and Metropolitan, Hillman, Singer and Austin, Nash Sedans, a Lloyd 600 German 2-cylinder/4-stroke 596cc car, Ramblers and SAABs, Mercs, Humber, Standard Vanguard, Ford Consul/Zephyr, Hillman Husky and Minx, Singer Gazelle and Austin - most in running order and passed down from generation to generation. Trucks include Fords, a Fargo, Dodges and Chevys, not forgetting cigars, street urchins and the lovely ladies of Havana. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The Battle of Berlin 1945 Tony Le Tissier, 2008-12-08 'Tony Le Tissier is arguably the finest English-language historian of the Battle of Berlin' - defenceWeb The Battle of Berlin was a battle on an unprecedented scale. The Soviets massed 1.6 million troops for Operation Berlin, and Marshal Zhukov in the centre had half of them, but his initial attack floundered, lasting four days instead of one. It was so costly that he had to revise his plans for taking the city, and to revise them yet again when Stalin allowed his rival, Marshal Koniev, to intervene. The battle thus became a contest for the prize of the Reichstag. Meanwhile, Hitler and his courtiers sought to continue the struggle in the totally unrealistic atmosphere that prevailed in his bunker, while soldiers and civilians alike suffered and perished unheeded all around them. In The Battle of Berlin 1945, Tony Le Tissier brings us the definitive history of the last great battle of the Second World War – a fight to the death in the smouldering ruins of the capital of Hitler's Third Reich. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The Soviet Partisan Movement, 1941-1944 Leonid D. Grenkevich, 2013-01-11 Partisans and terrorists have dominated military history during the second half of the 20th century. Leonid Grenkevich offers an account of the shadowy partisan struggle that accompanied the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). |
| strafbattalion uniform: For the Fatherland Walter S. Zapotoczny (Jr.), 2009-08-15 For the Fatherland offers a captivating glimpse into the mind of a German boy whose involvement in the Hitler Youth transforms him from innocent child to cold-blooded killer...to penitent man. |
| strafbattalion uniform: A Merciless Place: The Lost Story of Britain's Convict Disaster in Africa Emma Christopher, 2011-08-11 This is a story lost to history for over two hundred years; a dirty secret of failure, fatal misjudgement and desperate measures which the British Empire chose to forget almost as soon as it was over. In the wake of its most crushing defeat, the America War of Independence, the British Government began shipping its criminals to West Africa. Some were transported aboard ships going to pick up their other human cargo: African slaves. When they arrived at their destination, soldiers and even convicts were forced to work in the region's slave-trading forts guarding the human merchandise. In a few short years the scheme brought death, wholesale desertions, mutiny, piracy and even murder. Some of the most egregious crimes were not committed by the exported criminals but by those sent out to guard them. Acts of wanton desperation added to rash transgressions as those whom society had already thrown out realised that they had nothing left to lose. As jail and prison hulks overflowed, and as every other alternative settlement proved unsuitable, the British Government gambled and decided to send its criminals as far away as possible, to the great south land sighted years before by Captain James Cook. Out of the embers of the African debacle came the modern nation of Australia. The extraordinary tale is now being told for the first time - how a small band of good-for-nothing members of the British Empire spanned the world from America, to Africa, and on to Australia, profoundly if utterly unwittingly changing history. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The Reaper's Harvesting Summer Angelos Mansolas, 2021-03-13 I know every single one of these grenadiers. The oldest is barely eighteen. These boys have not yet learned how to live, but by God they know how to die! These were the words of the division s commanding officer, SS Oberführer Kurt Meyer for his own men men admired even by their very opponents. Established in 1943, the 12th SS Panzer Division was designed to become an elite unit, consisting of 17 year-old youths, a generation of future soldiers, tough as leather and hard as Krupp steel , commanded by a nucleus of hardened SS officers and NCOs. This is a detailed history of the division from its formation, all through the Normandy campaign where it received its baptism of fire. Although employed in the field for the first time, those young Waffen SS soldiers fought with a tenacity and ferocity unexcelled by any other unit Allied or German deployed in the invasion front, defending doggedly every single yard of ground from Caen to Falaise a distance of just 25 miles, for which the Canadian and British forces fought hard to capture, paying a high price in human lives. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The 110th Holds in the Ardennes Walter S. Zapotoczny Jr., 2017-06-29 |
| strafbattalion uniform: On the Devil's Tail Paul Martelli, Vittorino dal Cengio, 2015-01-19 A collaborationist who fought for Germany during WWII and later for the French in Vietnam tells his eventful life story in this military memoir. This is the riveting true story of Paul Martelli who fought on the Eastern Front in 1945 as a fifteen-year-old member of the 33rd Waffen-Grenadier-Division of the SS Charlemagne, and later, as a soldier with French forces in the Tonkin area of Vietnam. Paul recounts his time at the Sennheim military training base; his experience of the German invasion of France when he was still a boy in Lorraine; and his motivations for enlisting with the Waffen SS a few years later. He reveals his escapades at Greifenberg, his first love with a German girl helping refugees, and his experiences of combat. After the German defeat, Martelli ends up delivering a group of female camp prisoners to a Russian officer, then living in disguise among enemy soldiers until he escapes and surrenders to the Americans. After a prison sentence and military service in Morocco, Paul is sent to fight in defense of French bases north of Hanoi, Vietnam. Though he survives three years of fierce combat, he compares his service in the Waffen SS with the inefficiency of the French Expeditionary Force and comes out deeply frustrated. At almost twenty-six, Martelli has fought and lost in two wars, both against the communists. Unemployed, and with the ideals of a ‘Nouvelle Europe’ in pieces, he briefly joins the French Foreign Legion before choosing another path |
| strafbattalion uniform: Unit 731: Laboratory of the Devil, Auschwitz of the East Yang Yan-Jun, Tam Yue-Him, 2018-04-28 This book exposes Unit 731 as being the largest bacterial warfare force in the history of the Second World War. Manufacture and the use of biological weapons, the entire process of preparation and implementation of germ warfare, with the reflection on war and human nature, medical and ethical issues, is given by the testimony of the veterans of Unit 731. This evidence is provided by the surviving Chinese labourers and the families of the victims. The book focuses on five aspects: first, the inhuman medical crimes of Unit 731 weapons, the biological combats, and human experiments; secondly, the war damage and the postwar effects of biological war by Unit 731 brought to China and other Asian countries; thirdly, the survey and cover-up at the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials; fourthly the protection status of the site with development status of the exhibition and international exchanges of the Unit 731 Museum; fifthly and finally, there is a separate chapter discussing Japanese chemical warfare. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Normandy Olivier Wieviorka, 2008 The Allied landings on the coast of Normandy have assumed legendary status. But overly romanticizing D-day, Wieviorka argues, losses sight of the full picture. Normandy offers a balanced, complete account that reveals the successes and weaknesses of the titanic enterprise. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Lessons and Legacies XII Wendy Lower, Lauren Faulkner Rossi, 2017-02-15 Lessons and Legacies XII explores new directions in research and teaching in the field of Holocaust studies. The essays in this volume present the most cutting-edge methods and topics shaping Holocaust studies today, from a variety of disciplines: forensics, environmental history, cultural studies, religious studies, labor history, film studies, history of medicine, sociology, pedagogy, and public history. This rich compendium reveals how far Holocaust studies have reached into cultural studies, perpetrator history, and comparative genocide history. Scholars, laypersons, teachers, and the myriad organizations devoted to Holocaust memorialization and education will find these essays useful and illuminating. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Victory was Beyond Their Grasp Douglas E. Nash, 2015 In response of the changing fortunes of the Wehrmacht in 1944, one of the many expedients 9t fielded was the Volks-Grenadier Division (VGD). Envisioned as a reserve of troops that would spearhead offensives, VGDs incorporated new weapons such as the MP-44 assault rifle, and new organizations that allowed the Wehrmacht to get the most out of its las |
| strafbattalion uniform: Bolt Action: Armies of Germany: Third Edition Warlord Games, 2025-01-30 A detailed guide to the German forces in Bolt Action: Third Edition, containing updated special rules, unit entries, and force selection guides. This new and revised supplement for Bolt Action: Third Edition provides players with all of the information they need to command Germany's military might. Detailed unit options and force selection guides allow players to build armies for any of Germany's campaigns, from the Blitzkrieg against Poland and France, through North Africa and the Eastern Front, to the fall of Normandy and the defence of Germany. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Patton's First Victory Leo Barron, 2017-10-20 American troops invaded North Africa in November 1942, but did not face serious resistance until the following February, when they finally tangled with Rommel’s Afrika Korps—and the Germans gave the inexperienced Americans a nasty drubbing at Kasserine Pass. After this disaster, Gen. George Patton took command and reinvigorated U.S. troops with tough training and new tactics. In late March, at El Guettar in Tunisia, Patton’s men defeated the Germans. It was a morale-boosting victory—the first American success versus the Germans and the first of Patton’s storied World War II career—and proved to the enemy, the British, and the Americans themselves that the U.S. Army could fight and win. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The First Day on the Eastern Front Craig W.H. Luther, 2018-11-01 Sunday, June 22, 1941: three million German soldiers invaded the Soviet Union as part of Hitler’s long-planned Operation Barbarossa, which aimed to destroy the Soviet Union, secure its land as lebensraum for the Third Reich, and enslave its Slavic population. From launching points in newly acquired Poland, in three prongs—North, Central, South—German forces stormed western Russia, virtually from the Baltic to the Black Sea. By late fall, the invasion had foundered against Russian weather, terrain, and resistance, and by December, it had failed at the gates of Moscow, but early on, as the Germans sliced through Russian territory and soldiers with impunity, capturing hundreds of thousands, it seemed as though Russia would fall. In the spirit of Martin Middlebrook’s classic First Day on the Somme, Craig Luther narrates the events of June 22, 1941, a day when German military might was at its peak and seemed as though it would easily conquer the Soviet Union, a day the common soldiers would remember for its tension and the frogs bellowing in the Polish marshlands. It was a day when the German blitzkrieg decimated Soviet command and control within hours and seemed like nothing would stop it from taking Moscow. Luther narrates June 22—one of the pivotal days of World War II—from high command down to the tanks and soldiers at the sharp end, covering strategy as well as tactics and the vivid personal stories of the men who crossed the border into the Soviet Union that fateful day, which is the Eastern Front in microcosm, representing the years of industrial-scale warfare that followed and the unremitting hostility of Germans and Soviets. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The Rise and Fall of the French Air Force Greg Baughen, 2018-04-17 On 10 May 1940, the French possessed one of the largest air forces in the world. On paper, it was nearly as strong as the RAF. Six weeks later, France had been defeated. For a struggling French Army desperately looking for air support, the skies seemed empty of friendly planes. In the decades that followed, the debate raged. Were there unused stockpiles of planes? Were French aircraft really so inferior? Baughen examines the myths that surround the French defeat. He explains how at the end of the First World War, the French had possessed the most effective air force in the world, only for the lessons learned to be forgotten. Instead, air policy was guided by radical theories that predicted air power alone would decide future wars. Baughen traces some of the problems back to the very earliest days of French aviation. He describes the mistakes and bad luck that dogged the French efforts to modernise their air force in the twenties and thirties. He examines how decisions made just months before the German attack further weakened the air force. Yet defeat was not inevitable. If better use had been made of the planes that were available, the result might have been different. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Hitler's Insanity Andrew Norman, 2018-04-17 |
| strafbattalion uniform: Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century G. F. Krivosheev, 1997 A technical reference book covering Soviet personnel and equipment losses in wars and other military actions, from the 1918 civil war to Afghanistan. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Soviet Fighters of the Second World War Jason Nicholas Moore, 2021-07-30 The Red Air Force had just started to re-equip with modern monoplane fighters when the Germans opened Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. Hundreds of fighters were destroyed in the first few days, but many of these were obsolete biplanes. Soviet Fighters of the Second World War details fighter development from the dark days of Barbarossa to eventual triumph over Berlin. Starting with outdated aircraft such as the Polikarpov Po-2 biplane and monoplane fighters, the Soviets then settled on two main lines of development: the inline-engine LaGG-3 and its radial-engine derivatives, the La-5 and La-7, and the inline-engine Yakovlev fighters, which were produced in greater numbers than any other series of fighters. Not only are these aircraft accurately described, but experimental fighters are also dealt with. In addition, colour profiles illustrate these aircraft in terms of design, camouflage and markings. From the I-15bis biplane of the late 1930s to the superb La-7 and Yak-3 fighters of the last year of the war, all Red Air Force fighters are covered in this comprehensive volume. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Beyond Duty Walter S. Zapotoczny Jr., 2017-06-29 |
| strafbattalion uniform: Soldat Siegfried Knappe, 1993-08-09 Paris. The Somme. The Italian Campaign. The Russian Front. And inside Hitler’s bunker during The Battle of Berlin . . . World War II through the eyes of a solider of the Reich. Siegfried Knappe fought, was wounded, and survived battles in nearly every major Wehrmacht campaign. His astonishing career begins with Hitler’s rise to power—and ends with a five-year term in a Russian prison camp, after the Allies rolled victoriously into the smoking rubble of Berlin. The enormous range of Knappe’s fighting experiences provides an unrivaled combat history of World War II, and a great deal more besides. Based on Knappe’s wartime diaries, filled with 16 pages of photos he smuggled into the West at war’s end, Soldat delivers a rare opportunity for the reader to understand how a ruthless psychopath motivated an entire generation of ordinary Germans to carry out his monstrous schemes . . . and offers stunning insight into the life of a soldier in Hitler’s army. “Remarkable! World War II from inside the Wehrmacht.”—Kirkus Reviews |
| strafbattalion uniform: Hell's Gate Douglas E. Nash, 2002 Virtually unknown in the English-speaking world, the Battle of Cherkassy (also known as the Korsun Pocket) still stirs controversy in both the former Soviet Union and in Germany. It was at Cherkassy that the last German offensive strength in the Ukraine was drained away, creating the conditions for the victorious Soviet advance into Poland, Rumania, and the Balkans during the summer and autumn of 1944. Eclipsed by a war of such gigantic proportions that saw the deaths of over one million men or more as commonplace, the events which occurred along the banks of the Gniloy Tickich river should have faded into obscurity. However, to the 60,000 German soldiers who were encircled there at the end of January 1944, this was perhaps one of the most brutal, physically exhausting, and morally demanding battles they had ever experienced. Thirty-four percent of them would not escape.The culmination of years of research and survivor interviews, Hell's Gate is a riveting hour by hour and day by day account of this desperate struggle analyzed on a tactical level through maps and military transcripts, as well as on a personal level, through the words of the enlisted men and officers who risked the roaring waters of the Gniloy Tickich to avoid certain death at the hands of their Soviet foe. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Penalty Strike Alexander V. Pyl'cyn, 2009-04-28 Extremely rare (possibly the only) book-length account of a Soviet penal unit in World War II Gritty, intense style conveys the brutality of war on the Eastern Front Composed of convicts--soldiers who conducted unauthorized retreats, former Soviet POWs deemed untrustworthy, and Gulag prisoners--the Red Army's penal units received the most difficult, dangerous assignments, such as breaking through the enemy's defenses. So punishing was life in these units that officers in regular formations threatened to send recalcitrant troops to penal battalions. Alexander Pyl'cyn led his penal unit through the Soviets' massive offensive in the summer of 1944, the Vistula-Oder operation into eastern Germany, and the bitter assault on Berlin in 1945. He survived the war, but 80 percent of his men did not. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Inside the Soviet Army Viktor Suvorov, 1984 |
| strafbattalion uniform: Decima Flottiglia MAS Walter S. Zapotoczny, Jr., 2017-05-11 A group of determined young human torpedoes and assault swimmers fought bravely for Italy in the Second World War, inspiring fear and respect from the British Navy. The actions of these few men severely reduced British naval power in the Mediterranean. Even with small numbers, and using relatively limited resources, the frogmen were a very effective force in the war against the British. By the end of the war, these men would sink or severely disable over 73,000 tons of Allied warships, and over 128,000 tons of merchant shipping. The story of the Italian frogmen is one of determination and bravery. Against overwhelming odds, they were able to inflict considerable damage on Allied shipping. Their tactics also aroused confusion and nervousness with the Allied commanders and their ship's crews. Italy's Decima Flottiglia MAS pre-dates both the U.S. Navy Underwater Demolition Teams, formed in 1943 and forerunners of the better-known U.S. Navy SEALs; and the British Royal Marines Special Boat Service formed as an offshoot of the Special Air Service in 1941. Perhaps the determination and actions of the Decima Flottiglia MAS qualify them as the best commandos of the Second World War. This book tells their story. |
| strafbattalion uniform: The Aztec Eagles Walter Zapotoczny, 2020-03-12 Aztec Eagles helped modernize the Mexican Air Force and demonstrated that Mexico could mount a successful expeditionary force. Significant as these achievements are, perhaps the unit's most important legacy is that the Aztec Eagles fought for honour and for Mexico as Allies in WWII, creating national pride throughout their homeland. |
| strafbattalion uniform: German Infantryman Operations Manual Simon Forty, 2018-10-09 Between 1939 and 1945, close to 13 million men served in the German army - das Heer. The bulk of these men were infantrymen, who slogged their way, mostly on foot, from Finisterre to Moscow, Kirkenes to Tripoli. They swore unlimited obedience to Adolf Hitler and were ready to stake their lives for this oath: over 1.6 million men of das Heer were killed during the war and over 4.1 million were wounded. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Sisterhood of Spies Elizabeth P. McIntosh, 1998 An enthralling tribute to the largely unsung women agents who worked undercover to help win WWII told with aplomb. |
| strafbattalion uniform: Kolyma Robert Conquest, 1979 Based mainly on the experiences of ex-prisoners in north-eastern Siberia, 1932-54. |
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请问大家，pubmed打不开是怎么回事呢？ 尝试了好多浏览器还是不行？ 一打开就出现下图的这个界面。 ？ [图片] 显示全部 关注者 42
如何用PubMed查找导师的所有文献啊？ - 知乎
PubMed不太适合查找作者，因为有名字缩写方式不同和姓氏放置前后的问题，经常一个名字能搜索出好多人，很不准确 可以使用Scopus进行作者检索，通过姓氏、名字和机构三个条件进行 …
应该怎么使用pubmed？ - 知乎
登录 PubMed 官网，最好注册一个个人工号，流程很简单，跟着流程走就行，要用个人邮箱激活账户。 激活后登录个人账户就可以看到个人用户名，在往靠下有filter，可以在百度里面检索一些 …
为什么pubmed检索后全部果都折叠了？ - 知乎
这题我会，读研的时候也经常用 pubmed 这个网站，但是我是在我导师推荐下用了pubmedplus浏览器插件，这个插件完全免费的，超级nice，而且可以免费下载90%的文献。 我在使用过程中 …
pubmed怎么检索某学校的某位老师的文献? - 知乎
03 引用参考文献 新版的PubMed在检索结果中每条文献下方都提供了引用功能，对于我们需要引用的文献，可直接点击文献下方的“ Cite ”就可以复制文献引文。 选项中提供了“AMA”、“APA” …
如何快速的将pubmed上较多的搜索结果全部导出？ - 知乎
如何快速的将pubmed上较多的搜索结果全部导出？ 如题，要大量的看摘要，搜索出比较多的文献题目，如何将其快速的导出，一个一个勾选太麻烦了，另外endnote上在线搜索引擎是不是有 …
09:09 - Decifre o significado de ver esse horário repetido!
09:09 é o horário para analisar uma decisão importante: o Universo sugere que você se dedique a alguma situação difícil da sua vida, que precisa de sabedoria para ser resolvida. É o …
Horas iguais: 09:09 — veja o significado e o que fazer quando ver
Jun 4, 2025 · As horas iguais são vistas como momentos em que o universo envia mensagens sutis. Se você viu 09:09, talvez esteja diante de uma fase de encerramento — um convite para …
09:09 Horas Iguais: Auxílio Celestial e Recompensas
O valor total da hora 09:09 é 18, o que destaca sua impressionante capacidade de perceber as coisas com antecedência. Você é dotado de forte intuição, bem como de uma imaginação …
Horas iguais 09:09 - significado e mensagem - Astrolink
As horas iguais carregam mensagens ocultas, e 09:09 simboliza o encerramento de ciclos, conclusão e transformação. Essa hora marca a finalização de uma fase importante e a …
Morte de agricultor: vídeo mostra sequência de fatos
1 day ago · Vídeo mostra a ação policial que resultou na morte de agricultor em Santa Maria. Brigada Militar alega que ele estaria armado com um machado.
Horas iguais 09:09 – Significado espiritual - Mundo Perdido
Jan 3, 2023 · Olhar no relógio bem quando as horas estão iguais tem um significado espiritual que você precisa conhecer caso esse fenômeno tenha acontecido com você. O número 9 é o …
Horas iguais 09:09: Significado, na numerologia, anjos e mais
May 30, 2023 · Quando o relógio não para de te mostrar as horas iguais 09:09, é importante reconhecer que isso não é só uma coincidência. Qual é o significado de ver 09:09? Esse é um …
Hora Iguais 09:09 Descubra o seu significado completo >>
Sep 8, 2020 · O valor total da hora do espelho 09:09 é 18, o que destaca a sua impressionante capacidade de sentir as coisas com antecedência. Você tem uma intuição forte. Você tem uma …
09:09 - Significado das horas iguais | Proveitoso
Sep 6, 2023 · Na hora espelho 09h09, a dupla aparição do 9, envolta pelos zeros, pode ser vista simbolicamente como uma transição cíclica, o fim de uma fase, abrindo caminho para a …
09/09: Significado na Lei da Atração e Seus Poderes - Cidesp
Mar 31, 2025 · Se você é solteiro, o 09:09 pode ser um sinal de que a Lei da Atração está trabalhando a seu favor. É um convite para que você mantenha uma mentalidade aberta e se …
