The Amarna Letters Book

  the amarna letters book: The El-Amarna Correspondence (2 vol. set) Anson F. Rainey, 2014-11-10 The El-Amarna Correspondence offers a completely new edition of the Amarna Letters based on personal inspection and reading of all the extant tablets. This edition includes new transcriptions and a translation along with an extensive introduction and glossary of the Amarna Letters.
  the amarna letters book: The Amarna Letters William L. Moran, 1992 The acknowledged master of these texts is William Moran, who produced a complete re-edition of the tablets, in French, in 1987. The Amarna Letters is a revised version of this, done into English. Open it, and hear these voices from a vanished empire speak after three and a half millennia. -- Times Literary Supplement
  the amarna letters book: Amarna Studies William L. Moran, 2018-08-14 In this volume are collected all of the writings Moran devoted to the Amarna letters over more than four decades, including his doctoral dissertation, which has been one of the most widely cited unpublished works in ancient Near Eastern studies. A citation index makes Professor Moran's comments on individual texts readily accessible.
  the amarna letters book: The Tell-el-Amarna-letters Hugo Winckler, 1896
  the amarna letters book: Amarna Letters from Palestine, Syria, the Philistines and Phoenicia Cambridge University Press, 2003-03
  the amarna letters book: Selections from the Tell-el-Amarna Letters Percy Stuart Peache Handcock, 1920
  the amarna letters book: The Amarna Letters Scriptural Research Institute, 1901 The Amarna Letters are a collection of clay tablets found in the ruins of El Amarna, Egypt, in the 1880s. The city of El Amarna was built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten, during his religious reforms in the 1340s BC, but was then abandoned after he died and Egypt reverted to worshiping the old gods. These letters provide a unique glimpse into a period of Egyptian history, that the Egyptians themselves attempted to erase. After Akhenaten's heir Tutankhamen died, his successor Ay was only able to hold the throne for a few years before Horemheb seized it, and attempted to reunite the Egyptians by erasing all records of Akhenaten's reforms, which included erasing Akhenaten's name from almost every record in Egypt. By this period, El Amarna appears to have already been mostly abandoned, and therefore Egyptologists were able to reconstruct the strange story of Akhenaten's reign, in the middle of the New Kingdom era. The Amarna letters were recovered from the royal archives in El Amarna, where they appear to have been archived after having been translated for the royal court. The letters are inscribed on clay tablets in Cuneiform, the dominant form of writing in Mesopotamia, Canaan, and the neighboring cultures in Anatolia and Cyprus at the time. The shape of the Cuneiform logograms used is Akkadian, the parent form of the later Neo-Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, and Ugaritic forms of Cuneiform, however, the language used in the Letters is not pure Akkadian. The Letters are between various members of the Egyptian royal court, and many different cities and nations across the Middle East, including Babylon, Assyria, Mitanni, and Cyprus, and therefore the language within the Letters is not consistent. Within the letters from Canaanite cities, all of which were subject to Egypt at the time, several transliterated names are also used, which appears to be a direct precursor to the later development of Ugaritic Cuneiform by 1200 BC, which was an abjad similar to the Canaanite script that was developed by 1000 BC, however, used Cuneiform logograms instead of alphabet-like letters. The surviving letters were mostly about trade and diplomacy, however, do include a great deal of information about what was happening in the Middle East at the time. In particular, they demonstrate how limited Egypt's actual control of its Canaanite holdings was, where the governors of cities were constantly requesting military help to defend themselves against each other, the marauding Habirus, and the Hittite-backed Amorites in northern Canaan. The Amarna Letters were written during the mid-1330s BC, during the reigns of the Pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten, although it is not always clear when in their respective reigns the letters were written, or even which pharaoh was on the throne at the time.
  the amarna letters book: Selections from the Tell El-Amarna Letters Handcock Peache, 2013-06 Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
  the amarna letters book: The Amarna Scholarly Tablets Shlomo Izre'el, 1997-01-01 The Armana archives include not only letters but also texts relating to the education of scribes in Egypt: syllabaries, lexical lists, literary texts and other educational exercises. Although the recent translation of the letters by William Moran (The Amarna Letters, Johns Hopkins, 1992) has brought our understanding of this important corpus up-to-date, the other texts have not been included in his volume. They have been waiting for renewed study in the context of literary and scholarly peripheral and core Akkadian texts. The original publications are obsolete and many of the texts are poorly copied. This book provides new editions of all the Amarna tablets not included in Moran's volume, i.e. EA 340-361; 368; 372-377; 379-381. Some of these are fragments whose genre is a matter of debate: suggestions for their attribution will be offered. This new edition includes transliterations, translations, a brief commentary, cuneiform copies, and photographs. The introduction provides an overview of the corpus and is intended to serve as an impetus for further research into some of the more difficult issues yet to be examined.
  the amarna letters book: Amarna Letters , 2000
  the amarna letters book: The Amarna Letters Jacob Lauinger, Tyler Yoder, 2025-02-28 During Egypt's Eighteenth Dynasty (ca. 1550-1292 BCE), the New Kingdom pharaohs campaigned repeatedly in Syria and the Levant, establishing political control over much of the region. As a result of these conquests, the rulers of Levantine city-states sent letters written in Akkadian in the cuneiform script on clay tablets to the Egyptian pharaohs. So, too, did the kings of the other great geopolitical powers of the time--Assyria, Babylonia, Hatti, and Mittani--maintain an active diplomatic correspondence with Egypt's pharaohs. Beginning in the nineteenth century CE, local farmers and, later, archaeologists working at Akhetaten (modern Tell el-Amarna), the one-time Egyptian capital, discovered remnants of this correspondence, mostly dating to the reigns of Amenhotep III (ca. 1388-1350 BCE) and his son and successor Akhenaten (ca. 1350-1333 BCE), with some dating to Tutankhamun (ca. 1333-1323). This is a period of increasing friction as the great powers sought to extend their borders. The Amarna Letters thus illuminate a pivotal point in Egypts foreign relations during the Late Bronze Age. Even though they provide us with a narrow window of only about thirty years time (1358-1325 BCE), they are an important witness to the general nature of Egypts diplomatic relations during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Dynasties. This new, digitally borne edition of the Amarna Letters offers the first complete collection of the letters with responsible transliterations that have been checked against available photographs and hand copies; clear and consistent translations; and an up-to-date and extensive bibliography. As such it is, and will remain, an essential resource.
  the amarna letters book: The Verb in the Amarna Letters from Canaan Krzysztof J. Baranowski, 2016-11-14 The Amarna letters from Canaan offer us a unique glimpse of the historical and linguistic panorama of the Levant in the middle of the fourteenth century BCE. Their evidence regarding verbs is crucial for the historical and comparative study of the Semitic languages. Proper evaluation of this evidence requires an understanding of its scribal origin and nature. For this reason, The Verb in the Amarna Letters from Canaan addresses the historical circumstances in which the linguistic code of the letters was born and the unique characteristics of this system. The author adduces second-language acquisition as a proper framework for understanding the development of this language by scribes who were educated in centers on the cuneiform periphery. In this way, the book advances a novel interpretation: the letters testify to a scribal interlanguage that was born of the local use of cuneiform and was affected by the fossilization and transfer processes taking place in these language learners. This vision of the linguistic system of the letters as the learners' interlanguage informs the main part of the book, which is devoted to verbal morphology and semantics. The chapter on morphology offers an overview of conjugation patterns and morphemes in terms of paradigms. Employing a variationist approach, it also analyzes the bases on which the verbal forms were constructed. Next, the individual uses of each form are illustrated by numerous examples that provide readers with a basis for discovering alternative interpretations. The systemic view of each form and the various insights that permeate this book provide invaluable data for the historical and comparative study of the West Semitic verbal system, particularly of ancient Hebrew, Ugaritic, and Arabic.
  the amarna letters book: The Amarna Letters from Palestine William Foxwell Albright, 1966
  the amarna letters book: The Tell-El-Amarna Letters Hugo Winckler, 2014-03-30 This Is A New Release Of The Original 1896 Edition.
  the amarna letters book: Handbuch Der Orientalistik William M. Schniedewind, 2015
  the amarna letters book: Selections From the Tell El-Amarna Letters (Classic Reprint) Percy Handcock, 2016-10-16 Excerpt from Selections From the Tell El-Amarna Letters Assuming the identification of the names, then the Habiru, or Hebrews, mentioned in these letters must refer to tribes which had either stayed behind at the time of the Israelite immigration into Egypt, or else had made their way from Egypt some two hundred years or so before. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
  the amarna letters book: The Chronology of the Amarna Letters Edward Fay Campbell (Jr.), 1964
  the amarna letters book: Amarna Letters Dennis C.. Forbes, 2015 This is the long-awaited 5th volume in the Amarna Letters series from the publisher of Kmt, A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt. It contains 14 essays by 10 authors on ancient Egypt covering the period ca. 1390-1310 BC, from the reign of Amenhotep III to that of Horemheb. All of the essays have been previously published in Kmt over the past decade. Two hundred & thirty-six pages long, it contains 283 illustrations, most in full color.
  the amarna letters book: The Amarna Correspondence of Rib-Haddi, Prince of Byblos (EA 68-96) Ronald F. Youngblood, 1972
  the amarna letters book: The Chronology of the Amarna Letters Edward Fay Campbell, 1964
  the amarna letters book: Canaanite in the Amarna tablets. 4. References and index of texts cited Anson F. Rainey, 1996
  the amarna letters book: Amarna Personal Names Richard S. Hess, 1993 The Amarna letters are foundational documents for the study of Late Bronze Age history and language in the ancient Near East. One of the most significant aspects of these letters has been the discovery of Canaanite influence in the Akkadian language of these letters. This discovery has provided a wealth of linguistic knowledge concerning that period and its influence on subsequent ages. Though much has been written about the Amarna letters, until now there has been no comprehensive study of the personal names found in the cuneiform texts from El-Amarna. Dr. Hess fills the void with this comprehensive reference tool. The main part of the book catalogs the Amarna personal names, providing necessary information for each name, including attested spellings, occurrences, identification, textual notes, and analysis. The author then offers a grammatical analysis of the names and glossaries of the seven languages attested in personal names in the letters. Glossaries of divine name and geographical name elements and an extensive bibliography complete the study. This volume is essential for research libraries and for scholars and students working with the Amarna letters or Akkadian and Northwest Semitic languages.
  the amarna letters book: Selections from the Tell-El-Amarna Letters Percy Stuart Peache Handcock, 2016-04-27 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
  the amarna letters book: Selections from the Tell El-Amarna Letters Percy Stuart Peache Handcock, 2017-08-05 IN 1887, some fellahin, digging at a spot called Tell El-Amarna, about 170 miles south of Cairo, the site of Ajjetaton (Horizon of Aton), the new capital built by Amenhetep IV. of the Eighteenth Dynasty, in honour of the sun-god, came upon a chamber containing several hundred clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform characters Unhappily, the value of this discovery was not at the time realised, and a number were carried in sacks to Luxor to be hawked about among the dealers, and were largely broken or damaged on the way. The remainder, some 290, found their way into museums or private collections, and on examination were found to form part of the official archives of Amenhetep III. (c. 1411 B.C.) and his successor, Amenhetep IV. (c. 1375 B.C.), and to consist, for the most part, of letters addressed to these kings by local rulers, and by the independent rulers of the Kingdoms of Western Asia.
  the amarna letters book: Syria and Egypt William Matthew Flinders Petrie, 1898
  the amarna letters book: Armana Letters. Essays on Ancient Egypt , 1991
  the amarna letters book: Amarna Letters , 2015
  the amarna letters book: Canaanite in the Amarna tablets. 2. Morphosyntactic analysis of the verbal system Anson F. Rainey, 1995-12 This four-volume reference work deals with the language of the Amarna letters written by scribes who had adopted a peculiar dialect mixture of Accadian and West Semitic syntax. In addition to the texts from Canaan, a few from Alashia are included along with the texts from Kamed el-Loz and Taanach.Each of the first three volumes is written as a separate monograph; together they treat the problems of morphology and syntax. The first volume covers writing, pronouns and nouns (substantives, adjectives and numerals); the second volume treats the verbal system; and the third volume discusses particles and adverbs with a chapter on word order. The fourth volume includes the bibliography and index to the set.Since these texts are the earliest witness to West Semitic syntax, they are an invaluable source for the historical study of the North West Semitic family, including biblical Hebrew.
  the amarna letters book: Amarna Letters , 1991
  the amarna letters book: Introduction to the Old Testament, set of four books (Prophetic, Poetic, Pentateuch, Historical) C. Hassell Bullock, David Howard Jr., Herbert Wolf, 2007-09-01 This package contains all four books of An Introduction to the Old Testament set: An Introduction to the Old Testament Historical Books, An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books, An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books,and An Introduction to the Old Testament Pentateuch. In An Introduction to the Old Testament Historical Books,incredible events, amazing love stories, larger-than-life personalities and deep theological implications and themes are just part of the treasure that awaits readers. These books tell the story of the nation of Israel and the God who loves her, punishes her, and always brings this recalcitrant people back to Himself. In An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books, C. Hassell Bullock, a noted Old Testament scholar, delves deep into the hearts of the five poetic books, offering readers helpful details such as hermeneutical considerations for each book, theological content and themes, detailed analysis of each book, and cultural perspectives. In An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books, C. Hassell Bullock presents a clear picture of some of history's most profound spokesmen--the Old Testament prophets--and the God who shaped them. Our generational distance from the age of the prophets might seem to be a measureless chasm. Yet we dare not make the mistake of assuming that passing years have rendered irrelevant not only the Old Testament prophets, but also the God who comprehends, spans, and transcends all time. In An Introduction to the Old Testament Pentateuch, Old Testament expert Herbert Wolf provides layreaders and scholars alike with a strong undergirding of understanding and knowledge in this introduction that reveals both the seriousness and excitement of the Pentateuch.
  the amarna letters book: Amarna Diplomacy Raymond Cohen, Raymond Westbrook, 2002-10-23 Published in 1992, William L. Moran's definitive English translation, The Amarna Letters, raised as many questions as it answered. How did Pharaoh run his empire? Why did the god-king consent to deal with his fellow, mortal monarchs as equals? Indeed, why did kings engage in diplomacy at all? How did the great powers maintain international peace and order? In Amarna Diplomacy, Raymond Cohen and Raymond Westbrook have brought together a team of specialists, both social scientists and ancient historians, to explore the world of ancient Near Eastern statecraft portrayed in the letters. Subjects discussed include Egyptian imperial and foreign policy, international law and trade, geopolitics and decision making, intelligence, and diplomacy. This book will be of interest to scholars not only of the ancient Near East and the Bible but also of international relations and diplomatic studies. Contributors are Pinhas Artzi, Kevin Avruch, Geoffrey Berridge, Betsy M. Bryan, Raymond Cohen, Steven R. David, Daniel Druckman, Serdar Güner, Alan James, Christer Jönsson, Mario Liverani, Samuel A. Meier, William J. Murnane, Nadav Na'aman, Rodolfo Ragionieri, Raymond Westbrook, and Carlo Zaccagnini.
  the amarna letters book: Syria and Egypt W. M. Flinders Petrie, 2015-06-26 Excerpt from Syria and Egypt: From the Tell El Amarna Letters During the age of the decline of Egyptian power in Syria, when the great conquests of Tahutmes I, were all gradually lost, a splendid store of information was laid by for us in the cuneiform correspondence at Tell el Amarna. The clay tablets, mostly from Syria, but with a few duplicates of letters from Egypt, were deposited in The place of the records of the palace of the king, as it is called upon the stamped bricks which I found still remaining there. A few years ago the natives, while plundering about the ruins and carrying off Akhenaten's bricks for their modern houses, lit upon this record chamber containing many hundreds of tablets. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
  the amarna letters book: Language of Amarna - Language of Diplomacy Jana Mynářová, 2007 It is a generally accepted presumption that during the Late Bronze Age the language accepted for the 'international' or 'diplomatic' written communication between the representatives or members of the particular polities within the Ancient Near East was Akkadian, or more accurately Peripheral Akkadian. Thus it is the aim of this publication to analyse the corpus of Amarna letters on the subject of diplomatic terminology and procedures.
  the amarna letters book: Amarna Letters II , 1992
  the amarna letters book: Text, Translation, Theology Bertil Albrektson, 2016-04-01 Text, translation, theology - the three nouns in the title indicate the main fields of Old Testament study which are covered in this collection of essays. Text refers both to the history of biblical texts and to problems of textual criticism. Translation of the Hebrew Bible as a philological task is a central subject in several essays. Theology does not define what the essays are but what some of them are about: religious ideologies are objects of enquiry. Bertil Albrektson gathers together a selection of his essays, some of which have become classics, which were written on separate occasions and published in different, sometimes rather remote, places. They cover more than four decades of research, and for the first time they are now brought together in this accessible volume. Bertil Albrektson is a Swedish Old Testament scholar of international repute, awarded the Burkitt Medal for Biblical Studies by The British Academy in 2003. His writing was characterized by the late Professor P.R. Ackroyd of King's College, London, as 'a model of learning, clarity and dry humour'. This volume offers a unique resource to current scholars of biblical studies.
  the amarna letters book: The Tell El-Amarna letters Percy Handcock,
  the amarna letters book: El-Amarna Tablets, 359-379 Anson F. Rainey, 1978
  the amarna letters book: Selections from the Tell El-Amarna Letters by Percy Handcock Percy Handcock, 1920
  the amarna letters book: Syria and Egypt W. M. Flinders Petrie, 2017-10-12 Excerpt from Syria and Egypt: From the Tell El Amarna Letters 2. With regard, to transliteration I have departed from the system used by Winckler, not without good reason. The rage for employing out-of-the-way and little-known symbols in place of effective letters which are understood, threatens to place historical and linguistic works as much outside of the ordinary reader's pronunciation as a set of. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
  the amarna letters book: Canaanite Scribes in the Amarna Letters Juan-Pablo Vita, 2015 The Amarna letters, cuneiform tablets dating from the mid-14th century that were found at the site of Achetaton, constitute the most significant historical source in the study of international relations in the ancient Near East in the 14th century BC. Most of the Amarna letters are written in Canaano-Akkadian, and originate from small kingdoms in Syria and Palestine, and it is these texts that are studied in this work. The first part of this study intends to individualize, insofar as possible, the scribes who wrote the letters from the Syrian and Palestinian kingdoms (excluding letters from Ugarit and other localities). The various corpora are presented, and the correspondence from each corpora is structured and analyzed. The purpose of the second part is to show, through specific and by no means exhaustive studies, the usefulness of the methodology of palaeographic identification of the hands of the scribe as a tool for future investigation, at various levels, of the Canaanite letters from Amarna.
Amarna - Wikipedia
Amarna (/ ə ˈ m ɑːr n ə /; Arabic: العمارنة, romanized: al-ʿAmārna) is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site …

Amarna - World History Encyclopedia
Aug 1, 2017 · Amarna is the modern Arabic name for the site of the ancient Egyptian city of Akhetaten, capital of …

Home - Amarna Project.
The ancient Egyptian city of Tell el-Amarna (or simply Amarna) was the short-lived capital built by the …

Amarna: Mapping Akhenaten’s Forgotten Capital - TheCollec…
Nov 7, 2021 · The longest-standing archaeological site in Egypt, Amarna is still revealing the secrets of a once …

Amarna: The Lost City of Akhenaten - The Ancient Code
May 2, 2025 · For the first time ever, researchers were able to recreate a 3D model of the Lost City of Akhenaten: …

Amarna - Wikipedia
Amarna (/ ə ˈ m ɑːr n ə /; Arabic: العمارنة, romanized: al-ʿAmārna) is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the ruins of Akhetaten, the capital city during the late Eighteenth …

Amarna - World History Encyclopedia
Aug 1, 2017 · Amarna is the modern Arabic name for the site of the ancient Egyptian city of Akhetaten, capital of the country under the reign of Akhenaten (1353-1336 BCE). The site is …

Home - Amarna Project.
The ancient Egyptian city of Tell el-Amarna (or simply Amarna) was the short-lived capital built by the ‘heretic’ Pharaoh Akhenaten and abandoned shortly after his death (c. 1332 BCE). It was …

Amarna: Mapping Akhenaten’s Forgotten Capital - TheCollector
Nov 7, 2021 · The longest-standing archaeological site in Egypt, Amarna is still revealing the secrets of a once-thriving ancient capital. Amarna: The City of Akhenaten A sculptor’s model of …

Amarna: The Lost City of Akhenaten - The Ancient Code
May 2, 2025 · For the first time ever, researchers were able to recreate a 3D model of the Lost City of Akhenaten: Amarna. Pharaoh Amenhotep IV, also known as Akhenaten, was one of the …

Amarna: A Guide to the Ancient City of Akhetaten
Today, Akhetaten is known as Amarna, a sprawling archaeological site in the province of Minya, halfway between Cairo and Luxor. With its beautifully decorated tombs and vast mud-brick …

AMARNA:3D
The Amarna:3D Project website is a platform for sharing the digital 3D reconstruction of the ancient city as it may have appeared. The project was first created in 2000 with the …