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| technological advances since 1945: Technology and the American Way of War Since 1945 Thomas G. Mahnken, 2010-06-24 No nation in recent history has placed greater emphasis on the role of technology in planning and waging war than the United States. In World War II the wholesale mobilization of American science and technology culminated in the detonation of the atomic bomb. Competition with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, combined with the U.S. Navy's culture of distributed command and the rapid growth of information technology, spawned the concept of network-centric warfare. And America's post-Cold War conflicts in Iraq, the former Yugoslavia, and Afghanistan have highlighted America's edge. From the atom bomb to the spy satellites of the Cold War, the strategic limitations of the Vietnam War, and the technological triumphs of the Gulf war, Thomas G. Mahnken follows the development and integration of new technologies into the military and emphasizes their influence on the organization, mission, and culture of the armed services. In some cases, advancements in technology have forced different branches of the military to develop competing or superior weaponry, but more often than not the armed services have molded technology to suit their own purposes, remaining resilient in the face of technological challenges. Mahnken concludes with an examination of the reemergence of the traditional American way of war, which uses massive force to engage the enemy. Tying together six decades of debate concerning U.S. military affairs, he discusses how the armed forces might exploit the unique opportunities of the information revolution in the future. |
| technological advances since 1945: Science and Technology in World History William E. Burns, 2020-02-07 This encyclopedia offers an interdisciplinary approach to studying science and technology within the context of world history. With balanced coverage, a logical organization, and in-depth entries, readers of all inclinations will find useful and interesting information in its contents. Science and Technology in World History takes a truly global approach to the subjects of science and technology and spans the entirety of recorded human history. Topical articles and entries on the subjects are arranged under thematic categories, which are divided further into chronological periods. This format, along with the encyclopedia's integrative approach, offers an array of perspectives that collectively contribute to the understanding of numerous fields across the world and over eras of development. Entries cover discussions of scientific and technological innovations and theories, historical vignettes, and important texts and individuals throughout the world. From the discovery of fire and the innovation of agricultural methods in China to the establishment of surgical practices in France and the invention of Quantum Theory, this encyclopedia offers comprehensive coverage of fascinating topics in science and technology through a straightforward, historical lens. |
| technological advances since 1945: War and Technology Alex Roland, 2016 A Very Short Introduction on war and technology throughout human history |
| technological advances since 1945: The Impact of Advanced Technology on the U.S. Military Naomi Verdugo, 1990 |
| technological advances since 1945: Technological Change Robert Fox, 1996 Technological Change gathers together examples of the best current thinking on methodology and the theoretical perspectives that are increasingly of concern to historians of technology, whilst at the same time presenting other papers which reflect the 'state of the art' in key areas of historical debate. The volume emphasises the need both to establish a common forum for theoretical and empirical research and also to delineate the shared concerns of these two treatments, which are too often reflected as conflicting rather than mutually supportive approaches to the writing of the history of technology. |
| technological advances since 1945: Applied Science and Technological Progress National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Applied Science and Technological Progress, National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Science and Public Policy, 1967 |
| technological advances since 1945: Technical Report , 1990 |
| technological advances since 1945: The Effects of Technological Change on the Labor Force United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Technology Policy Task Force, 1987 |
| technological advances since 1945: Export Licensing of Advanced Technology United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Trade and Commerce, 1976 |
| technological advances since 1945: Federal Register , 1979-05-21 |
| technological advances since 1945: Technology and American Economic Growth Nathan Rosenberg, 2020-07-09 In 1982, Vaclav Smil turned upside down traditional perceptions of China as a green paradise in The Bad Earth. Updating and expanding its basic arguments and perceptions, this volume is an inquiry into the fundamental factors, needs, prospects, and limits of modern Chinese society. |
| technological advances since 1945: Finance and Technological Change E. Santarelli, 1995-11-15 `A pioneering and valuable study linking finance to innovative activity: not only is the theoretical framework sound, thought-provoking and creative, but amply supported through systematic empirical testing.' - David B. Audretsch, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fur Sozialforschung This book broadens the economic explanation of technological change, by assuming that development and diffusion of new technologies are closely related to the financial arrangements and institutions which prevail in any given historical period. To support his hypothesis, the author combines theoretical prescriptions with empirical evidence: the interdependences between technology and finance suggested in the first part of the book are therefore analysed from a historical perspective, and a theoretical model is then applied to explain how R&D is funded by new and already established firms in the data processing industry. The book concludes with a survey of policy interventions towards various sources of innovation financing. |
| technological advances since 1945: The Role of the Research Museums United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Task Force on Science Policy, 1986 |
| technological advances since 1945: Progress in Intercalation Research H.W. de Jong, 2013-12-01 If a book needs a third edition, because the previous ones are sold out, one may well question whether an introduction is necessary. However, the Structure of European Industry was meant to be a flexible book, keeping it in tune with actual developments in the European Community. Some explanation is therefore required. Two new chapters on the services industry have been included, to recognize the growing importance of what is fundamentally a bundle of industries. It is also increasingly acknowledged, that the motorcar industry, for its efficiency and innovativeness, is very much dependent on the numerous suppliers, large and small, of the component parts industry. A chapter, reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of the European car supplying industries is therefore most welcome. Finally, European competition policy, now fitted out with the Merger Control Regulation is moving more and more towards the centre of stage and the final chapter presents a survey of the ~ims and achievements of this type of policy, up till now steadfastly developed by the EC Commission. For the rest, the chapters which were already in the previous edition, have been updated and have partly been rewritten by the authors concerned. The editor is most grateful to old and new contributors for their efforts to jointly produce a book which, after 12 years, is still unique in providing a European, instead of a national focus on industries and markets. |
| technological advances since 1945: History of Technology Volume 33 Ian Inkster, 2017-06-01 While political and social historians have made great progress in trying to understand the making of modern Greece by studying * politics and power struggles, little attention has been given TO the co-evolution of the Greek state and the technologies that were developed during this period. This volume HELPS fills this gap, exploring the formation of the Greek state and the construction of 'modern' Greece through the lens of the history of technology and industry. The contributors look at the role of engineering institutions, the press and of infrastructure technological networks in promoting specific technocratic ideals and legitimizing social roles for the engineers of the period. The volume as a whole offers new insights into the way that engineering culture, institutional reforms and infrastructures contributed to the making of 'modern' Greece. Special Issue: History of Technology in Greece, from the Early 19th to 21st Century Edited by Stathis Arapostathis and Aristotelis Tympas |
| technological advances since 1945: Technology, Management and Systems of Innovation Keith Pavitt, 1999-01-01 In this volume, Keith Pavitt assesses the economic impact of technological change and how it relates to public policy and corporate management practices. |
| technological advances since 1945: Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement Fred Gault, 2013-01-01 'A great book to understand and foster innovation at all levels: a truly innovative piece of work.' Enrico Giovannini, Minister of Labour and Social Policies, Italy 'This book brings together original contributions from world leading experts on innovation indicators and is unique in several respects. First, the focus is upon innovation in terms of commercialized products and processes and not on secondary indicators of research or patenting. Second, it combines academic perspectives with user perspectives from industry and international organizations. Third, it strikes a good balance between old and new indicators, opening up new dimensions of innovation for measuring. It is a book worth reading for scholars studying innovation, for policy makers and, not least, for innovation managers in the private sector.' Bengt-Åke Lundvall, Aalborg University, Denmark and Sciences-Po, Paris, France This Handbook comprehensively examines indicators and statistical measurement related to innovation (as defined in the OECD/Eurostat Oslo Manual). It deals with the development and the use of innovation indicators to support decision-making and is written by authors who are practitioners, who know what works and what does not, in order to improve the development of indicators to satisfy future policy needs. This unique volume presents: the historical and geographical context for innovation indicators and measurement practical examples of how measurement is actually undertaken new areas of innovation indicators and measurement, including consumer innovation, public sector innovation and social innovation. This informative Handbook will appeal to policy makers in government departments, statistical offices and research institutes and international organizations such as the EU, OECD and the UN, as well as university departments of economics, sociology, law, science and technology, and public policy. |
| technological advances since 1945: Quick Bibliography Series , 1976 |
| technological advances since 1945: Learning and Technological Change Ross Thomson, 1993-10-13 In this book, fifteen prominent scholars of the economy, business, and technology argue that technical change can fruitfully be interpreted as an institutionally structured learning process. These essays show that the analysis of knowledge-generating institutions - including firms, industries, patenting systems, and occupations - provides important insights into the pace, direction, and persistence of technological change. The authors use these insights to both reshape economic theory and reinterpret the economic development of Britain, the USA, Germany and Japan. |
| technological advances since 1945: The British Economy in the Twentieth Century Alan Booth, 2017-03-14 It is commonplace to assume that the twentieth-century British economy has failed, falling from the world's richest industrial country in 1900 to one of the poorest nations of Western Europe in 2000. Manufacturing is inevitably the centre of this failure: British industrial managers cannot organise the proverbial 'knees-up' in a brewery; British workers are idle and greedy; its financial system is uniquely geared to the short term interests of the City rather than of manufacturing; its economic policies areperverse for industry; and its culture is fundamentally anti-industrial. There is a grain of truth in each of these statements, but only a grain. In this book, Alan Booth notes that Britain's living standards have definitely been overtaken, but evidence that Britain has fallen continuously further and further behindits major competitors is thin indeed. Although British manufacturing has been much criticised, it has performed comparatively better than the service sector. The British Economy in the Twentieth Century combines narrative with a conceptual and analytic approach to review British economic performance during the twentieth century in a controlled comparative framework. It looks at key themes, including economic growth and welfare, the working of the labour market, and the performance of entrepreneurs and managers. Alan Booth argues that a careful, balanced assessment (which must embrace the whole century rather than simply the post-war years) does not support the loud and persistent case for systematic failure in British management, labour, institutions, culture and economic policy. Relative decline has been much more modest, patchy and inevitable than commonly believed. |
| technological advances since 1945: Automation and Technological Change United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee, 1955 Examines industrial and employment impact of automation. |
| technological advances since 1945: Globalization, Technological Change, and Labor Markets Stanley W. Black, 2012-12-06 Globalization, Technological Change and Labor Markets is an edited collection of papers drawn from the conference held at the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies in June 1997. This conference brought German and American perspectives to bear on the complex issues of global competition, technological change, and labor markets in the welfare state. The contributions are organized into five sections dealing with various aspects of the problem: (1) Macroeconomic Perspectives; (2) Microeconomic Aspects; (3) the German Model of Labor Relations; (4) the Social Market Economy; and (5) Trade Policy and Environmental and Labor Standards. This edited collection seeks to explore many of the key issues surrounding the debate over the impact of globalization and technological change on labor markets in Europe and the United States. `This volume provides path-breaking insights as to why globalization has wreaked havoc on the welfare states that had once propelled Western Europe and North America to an unprecedented standard of living throughout the post-war period. The high level of scholarship contained in the individual chapters forms a compelling argument that will convince even the most resistant skeptics that the days of the classic welfare state are numbered. More importantly, this book is filled with concrete suggestions based on careful economic analysis as to how technological change and globalization can be harnessed in conjunction with a new role of the state to provide a high standard of living.' David B. Audretsch, Ameritech Chair of Economic Development, Indiana University |
| technological advances since 1945: The U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Agreement: A Drama in Five Acts Cecil Uyehara, 2017-11-22 This title was first published in 2000. An account of the 1988 US-Japan Science and Technology Agreement (88STA). The research methodology of the study is based on interviews and analysis of the relevant documents and articles augmented by an analysis of selected studies on US-Japan and science and technology relations. The author hopes to: increase the reader's understanding of the bureaucratic process and negotiations within the US and Japanese government in drafting an agreement and the interaction of the negotiators in the outcome; increase our knowledge about how the US-Japanese relationship in science and technology in the public sector is managed; throw some light on how domestic factors impact on preparing for a negotiating a new agreement between the US and Japan on science and technology; develop insights into the negotiating styles of each country; assess its role as a model agreement for negotiating similar agreements with other countries; learn some lessons for future negotiations with Japan in the science and technology area and with other countries if this Agreement is to be used as a model. |
| technological advances since 1945: General Technical Report RMRS , 1998 |
| technological advances since 1945: Innovation and Technological Change Zoltán J. Ács, David B. Audretsch, 1991 An analysis of market response to technological performance |
| technological advances since 1945: Reader's Guide to Military History Charles Messenger, 2013-10-31 This book contains some 600 entries on a range of topics from ancient Chinese warfare to late 20th-century intervention operations. Designed for a wide variety of users, it encompasses general reviews of aspects of military organization and science, as well as specific wars and conflicts. The book examines naval and air warfare, as well as significant individuals, including commanders, theorists, and war leaders. Each entry includes a listing of additional publications on the topic, accompanied by an article discussing these publications with reference to their particular emphases, strengths, and limitations. |
| technological advances since 1945: Nanzan Guide to Japanese Religions Paul L. Swanson, Clark Chilson, 2005-10-31 For updates online, visit the Nanzan Guide site at Nanzan Library of Asian Religion and Culture. The Nanzan Guide to Japanese Religions combines, for the first time in any language, state-of-the-field theoretical and critical discussions with concrete resources students and scholars need to conduct research on Japanese religions. Even seasoned scholars typically approach their research in an unsystematic manner, becoming familiar with a particular area of inquiry while remaining largely unaware of what exists in the rest of the field. This inefficient method hinders particularly less-experienced researchers and circumscribes their lines of inquiry. The Nanzan Guide provides both beginners and specialists with a reference that will serve as a basic introduction to Japanese religions and allow them to conduct research more proficiently and in greater depth. Overlapping and thought-provoking chapters, written by leading specialists, offer a variety of perspectives on the complicated and multifaceted field of Japanese religions. The essays are divided into four sections: religious traditions (Japanese religions in general, Shinto, Buddhism, folk religion, new religions, Christianity); the history of Japanese religions (ancient, classical, medieval, early modern, modern, contemporary); major themes (symbolism, ritual and the arts, literature and scripture, state and religion, geography and environment, intellectual history, gender); and practical essays (finding references and using libraries, working with archive collections, conducting fieldwork). A chronology of religion in Japanese history is also provided. |
| technological advances since 1945: A Century of Nature Laura Garwin, Tim Lincoln, 2010-03-15 Many of the scientific breakthroughs of the twentieth century were first reported in the journal Nature. A Century of Nature brings together in one volume Nature's greatest hits—reproductions of seminal contributions that changed science and the world, accompanied by essays written by leading scientists (including four Nobel laureates) that provide historical context for each article, explain its insights in graceful, accessible prose, and celebrate the serendipity of discovery and the rewards of searching for needles in haystacks. |
| technological advances since 1945: The Employment Impact of Technological Change United States. National Commission on Technology, Automation, and Economic Progress, 1966 |
| technological advances since 1945: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Technological Change Zoltán J. Ács, David B. Audretsch, 2005 Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technological Change links the prevalent theory from the entrepreneurship literature concerning opportunity recognition and exploitation to economic theory, in particular the model of the knowledge production function. |
| technological advances since 1945: Military Enterprise and Technological Change Merritt Roe Smith, 1985 In this book, historians of technology bring their special expertise to probing the influence of the military on technological development over a broad range of history and in a variety of cases. |
| technological advances since 1945: Twenty-Five Centuries of Technological Change J. Mokyr, 2013-12-19 Mokyr provides a long term perspective on the economic impact of technological change, surveying developments in production technologies between 500 BC and 1914. |
| technological advances since 1945: The Economics of Technological Progress Tonu Puu, Soren Wibe, 1980-12-11 |
| technological advances since 1945: Automation and Technological Change United States. Congress. Economic Joint Committee, 1955 |
| technological advances since 1945: Technological Change & Labour Relations Muneto Ozaki, 1992 A study which looks at the reciprocal influence of technological change and labour relations and includes case studies from six industrialized market economy countries, as well as a comparative chapter.; The book focuses on the introduction of microelectronic technology in machinery manufacturing, banking and printing to examine how workers participated in the changeover and how labour relations in the enterprises studied were affected by the new technology. |
| technological advances since 1945: Trade Unions and Technological Change Steven Anderman, 2018-03-22 When this book was first published in 1967, it was one of the first pieces of research to systematically examine the manpower problems associated with rapidly changing technology. It discusses issues such as technological change and unemployment, changes in the structure of employment, the mobility of labour, occupational structure and adjustment, hours of work, and labour-management relations. Its findings suggest that structural unemployment and redundancy are only two of a host of difficulties accompanying technical progress. Although the book originated in Sweden its relevance is clear to other Western european countries and researchers and policy-makers in the USA. |
| technological advances since 1945: The Theory of Technological Change and Economic Growth Dr Stanislaw Gomulka, 2006-12-05 In this wide ranging exposition of the various economic theories of technological change, Stanislaw Gomulka relates them to rates of growth experienced by different economies in both the short and the long term. Analysis of countries as diverse as Japan, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom demonstrates that there is an interdependence between technological change and the institutional and cultural characteristics of different countries, which can have a profound effect on their rates of growth. All of the major, relevant models are discussed, including those of Kuznets and Phelps, but throughout the emphasis is on the creation of a unified theoretical framework to help explain the impact of technological progress on both a micro and a macro scale. |
| technological advances since 1945: The Process of Technological Change Jon Clark, Ian McLoughlin, Howard Rose, Robin King, 1990-06-28 |
| technological advances since 1945: Technological Change In Agriculture D. Hogg, 2000-02-11 Why do modern agricultural techniques, which are environmentally damaging, continue to be used? This path-breaking book seeks the answer to that question in an understanding of evolution of agricultural research in its cultural context. |
| technological advances since 1945: The Elusive Transformation Eugene B. Skolnikoff, 1994-08-22 Eugene Skolnikoff treats the roles of science and technology across the entire range of relations among nations, including security and economic issues, environmental questions, international economic competitiveness, the spread of weapons technology, the demise of communism, the new content of dependency relations, and the demanding new problems of national and international governance. He shows how the structure and operation of the scientific and technological enterprises have interacted with international affairs to lead to the dramatic evolution of world politics experienced in this century, particularly after World War II. |
TECHNOLOGICAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of TECHNOLOGICAL is of, relating to, or characterized by technology.
TECHNOLOGICAL Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Technological definition: of or relating to technology; relating to science and industry.. See examples of TECHNOLOGICAL used in a sentence.
TECHNOLOGICAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
Technological knowledge can flow within the economic system embedded in new companies. Its methodology has been to set conceptual goals (both artistic and technological), to perform, …
Technology | Definition, Examples, Types, & Facts | Britannica
6 days ago · technology, the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life—or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human …
technological adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and …
Definition of technological adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
TECHNOLOGICAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of TECHNOLOGICAL is of, relating to, or characterized by technology.
TECHNOLOGICAL Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Technological definition: of or relating to technology; relating to science and industry.. See examples of TECHNOLOGICAL used in a sentence.
TECHNOLOGICAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
Technological knowledge can flow within the economic system embedded in new companies. Its methodology has been to …
Technology | Definition, Examples, Types, & Facts | Britannica
6 days ago · technology, the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life—or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the …
technological adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usag…
Definition of technological adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
