Advertisement
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Swann's Way Bernard Schwartz, 1986 Never has the give-and-take between Supreme Court Justices in an important case been described in such detail. This behind-the-scenes account traces the Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education case from its origins in Charlotte, North Carolina, to the decision announced by Chief Justice Warren Burger in a packed Supreme Court Chamber. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Swann V Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education and Other Cases , 2015 Part of Subseries 1.1: Office Files. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Law - Swann V Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education and Other Cases - Various , 2015 Description: Part of Subseries 1.1: Office Files. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Roslyn Arlin Mickelson, Stephen Samuel Smith, Amy Hawn Nelson, 2017-11-14 Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow provides a compelling analysis of the forces and choices that have shaped the trend toward the resegregation of public schools. By assembling a wide range of contributors—historians, sociologists, economists, and education scholars—the editors provide a comprehensive view of a community’s experience with desegregation and economic development. Here we see resegregation through the lens of Charlotte, North Carolina, once a national model of successful desegregation, and home of the landmark Swann desegregation case, which gave rise to school busing. This book recounts the last forty years of Charlotte’s desegregation and resegregation, putting education reform in political and economic context. Within a decade of the Swanncase, the district had developed one of the nation’s most successful desegregation plans, measured by racial balance and improved academic outcomes for both black and white students. However, beginning in the 1990s, this plan was gradually dismantled. Today, the level of resegregation in Charlotte has almost returned to what it was prior to 1971. At the core of Charlotte’s story is the relationship between social structure and human agency, with an emphasis on how yesterday’s decisions and actions define today’s choices. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Color and Character Pamela Grundy, 2017-08-08 At a time when race and inequality dominate national debates, the story of West Charlotte High School illuminates the possibilities and challenges of using racial and economic desegregation to foster educational equality. West Charlotte opened in 1938 as a segregated school that embodied the aspirations of the growing African American population of Charlotte, North Carolina. In the 1970s, when Charlotte began court-ordered busing, black and white families made West Charlotte the celebrated flagship of the most integrated major school system in the nation. But as the twentieth century neared its close and a new court order eliminated race-based busing, Charlotte schools resegregated along lines of class as well as race. West Charlotte became the city’s poorest, lowest-performing high school—a striking reminder of the people and places that Charlotte’s rapid growth had left behind. While dedicated teachers continue to educate children, the school’s challenges underscore the painful consequences of resegregation. Drawing on nearly two decades of interviews with students, educators, and alumni, Pamela Grundy uses the history of a community’s beloved school to tell a broader American story of education, community, democracy, and race—all while raising questions about present-day strategies for school reform. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Swann V. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. American Law Division, George A. Costello, Charles V. Dale, 1971 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Reading, Writing, and Race Davison M. Douglas, 2012-01-01 Using Charlotte, North Carolina, as a case study of the dynamics of racial change in the 'moderate' South, Davison Douglas analyzes the desegregation of the city's public schools from the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision through the early 1970s, when the city embarked upon the most ambitious school busing plan in the nation. In charting the path of racial change, Douglas considers the relative efficacy of the black community's use of public demonstrations and litigation to force desegregation. He also evaluates the role of the city's white business community, which was concerned with preserving Charlotte's image as a racially moderate city, in facilitating racial gains. Charlotte's white leadership, anxious to avoid economically damaging racial conflict, engaged in early but decidedly token integration in the late 1950s and early 1960s in response to the black community's public protest and litigation efforts. The insistence in the late 1960s on widespread busing, however, posed integration demands of an entirely different magnitude. As Douglas shows, the city's white leaders initially resisted the call for busing but eventually relented because they recognized the importance of a stable school system to the city's continued prosperity. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: New Evidence on School Desegregation Finis Welch, 1987 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Historic U.S. Court Cases John W. Johnson, 2001 This collection of essays looks at over 200 major court cases, at both state and federal levels, from the colonial period to the present. Organized thematically, the articles range from 1,000 to 5,000 words and include recent topics such as the Microsoft antitrust case, the O.J. Simpson trials, and the Clinton impeachment. This new edition includes 43 new essays as well as updates throughout, with end-of-essay bibliographies and indexes by case and subject/name. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: A Digest of Supreme Court Decisions Affecting Education Perry Alan Zirkel, Sharon Nalbone Richardson, Steven Selig Goldberg, 2001 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Swann V. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971), Cohen V. California (1971). Philip B. Kurland, Gerald Gunther, 1975 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: A Wild Justice: The Death and Resurrection of Capital Punishment in America Evan J. Mandery, 2013-08-19 New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice Drawing on never-before-published original source detail, the epic story of two of the most consequential, and largely forgotten, moments in Supreme Court history. For two hundred years, the constitutionality of capital punishment had been axiomatic. But in 1962, Justice Arthur Goldberg and his clerk Alan Dershowitz dared to suggest otherwise, launching an underfunded band of civil rights attorneys on a quixotic crusade. In 1972, in a most unlikely victory, the Supreme Court struck down Georgia’s death penalty law in Furman v. Georgia. Though the decision had sharply divided the justices, nearly everyone, including the justices themselves, believed Furman would mean the end of executions in America. Instead, states responded with a swift and decisive showing of support for capital punishment. As anxiety about crime rose and public approval of the Supreme Court declined, the stage was set in 1976 for Gregg v. Georgia, in which the Court dramatically reversed direction. A Wild Justice is an extraordinary behind-the-scenes look at the Court, the justices, and the political complexities of one of the most racially charged and morally vexing issues of our time. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: The Civil Rights Act of 1991 David A. Cathcart, 1993 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: The Crucible of Desegregation R. Shep Melnick, 2023-04-28 Examines the patchwork evolution of school desegregation policy. In 1954, the Supreme Court delivered the landmark decision of Brown v. Board of Education—establishing the right to attend a desegregated school as a national constitutional right—but the decision contained fundamental ambiguities. The Supreme Court has never offered a clear definition of what desegregation means or laid out a framework for evaluating competing interpretations. In The Crucible of Desegregation, R. Shep Melnick examines the evolution of federal school desegregation policy from 1954 through the termination of desegregation orders in the first decades of the twenty-first century, combining legal analysis with a focus on institutional relations, particularly the interactions between federal judges and administrators. Melnick argues that years of ambiguous, inconsistent, and meandering Court decisions left lower court judges adrift, forced to apply contradictory Supreme Court precedents in a wide variety of highly charged political and educational contexts. As a result, desegregation policy has been a patchwork, with lower court judges playing a crucial role and with little opportunity to analyze what worked and what didn’t. The Crucible of Desegregation reveals persistent patterns and disagreements that continue to roil education policy. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Understanding the Backlash Against Affirmative Action John Fobanjong, 2001 Affirmative action remains one of the most divisive issues in America, remaining unsolved since the 1960s civil rights legislation. Though many works have attempted to solve the dilemma, none have tried to identify the underlying causes of the backlash against the policy. In order to understand affirmative action's future, one must understand its evolution, its opposition, and its application both in America and in other nations. In a multi-disciplinary approach, this book examines affirmative action from comparative, historical, policy, and sociological perspectives. Also included is a list of Supreme Court rulings on affirmative action. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Beyond Busing Paul R. Dimond, 2009-01-20 A compelling insider's account of the fight for educational desegregation, from one of its most dedicated and outspoken heroes. A new afterword explains the author's controversial belief that the moment for litigating educational equality has passed, clear-sightedly critiquing his own courtroom strategies and the courts' responses, before closing with an assessment of the economic and social changes that he feels have already moved us beyond busing. An extraordinarily informative and thoughtful book describing the process of bringing Brown [v. Board of Education] North and the impact this process had upon national attitudes toward desegregation. --Drew S. Days III, Yale Law Journal An original analysis of a tough subject. A must-read for all who care about opportunity for all our children. --Donna E. Shalala, President, University of Miami Paul Dimond remains a passionate and caring voice for inner-city students, whether in his advocacy of school desegregation, school choice plans, or school finance reform. He illuminates these issues as one who participated in the major education cases and as a perceptive scholar. --Mark Yudof, Chancellor, The University of Texas System A must-read for anyone who wants to understand America's continued failure to give inner-city children a quality education or to do something about it! --Sheryll Cashin, Author of The Failures of Integration: How Race and Class Are Undermining the American Dream Dimond is particularly good at relating his slice of legal history to the broader developments of the 1970s, and his occasional remarks about trial tactics are amusing and instructive. Dimond's honesty about both his successes and failures makes his book required reading for civil rights lawyers. --Lawrence T. Gresser, Michigan Law Review A fascinating first-hand account of 1970s northern school desegregation decisions. --Neal E. Devins, American Bar Foundation Research Journal Dimond reminds the liberal reader of the promise that lies in the empowerment of ordinary families to choose their own schools. --John E. Coons, Professor of Law, Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley Paul R. Dimond is counsel to Miller, Canfield, Paddock and Stone, Michigan's largest law firm; chairman of McKinley, a national commercial real estate investment and management firm; and chairman or member of the board of trustees of numerous education, community, and civic organizations. He spent four years as President Clinton's Special Assistant for Economic Policy. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Records and Briefs of the United States Supreme Court , 1832 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: From Brown to Bakke J. Harvie Wilkinson, 1981 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: A Study of History Arnold J. Toynbee, 1947-12-31 Arnold Toynbee's A Study of History has been acknowledged as one of the greatest achievements of modern scholarship. A ten-volume analysis of the rise and fall of human civilizations, it is a work of breath-taking breadth and vision. D.C. Somervell's abridgement, in two volumes, of this magnificent enterprise, preserves the method, atmosphere, texture, and, in many instances, the very words of the original. Originally published in 1947 and 1957, these two volumes are themselves a great historical achievement. Volume 1, which abridges the first six volumes of Toynbee's study, includes the Introduction, The Geneses of Civilizations, and The Disintegrations of Civilizations. Volume 2, an abridgement of Volumes VII-X, includes sections on Universal States, Universal churches, Heroic Ages, Contacts Between Civilizations in Space, Contacts Between Civilizations in Time, Law and Freedom in History, The Prospects of the Western Civilization, and the Conclusion. Of Somervell's work, Toynbee wrote, The reader now has at his command a uniform abridgement of the whole book, made by a clear mind that has not only mastered the contents but has entered into the writer's outlook and purpose. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Five Communities: Their Search for Equal Education United States Commission on Civil Rights, 1972 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Racial Taxation Camille Walsh, 2018-02-02 In the United States, it is quite common to lay claim to the benefits of society by appealing to “taxpayer citizenship” — the idea that, as taxpayers, we deserve access to certain social services like a public education. Tracing the genealogy of this concept, Camille Walsh shows how tax policy and taxpayer identity were built on the foundations of white supremacy and intertwined with ideas of whiteness. From the origins of unequal public school funding after the Civil War through school desegregation cases from Brown v. Board of Education to San Antonio v. Rodriguez in the 1970s, this study spans over a century of racial injustice, dramatic courtroom clashes, and white supremacist backlash to collective justice claims. Incorporating letters from everyday individuals as well as the private notes of Supreme Court justices as they deliberated, Walsh reveals how the idea of a “taxpayer” identity contributed to the contemporary crises of public education, racial disparity, and income inequality. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: The Silent Majority Matthew D. Lassiter, 2013-10-24 Suburban sprawl transformed the political culture of the American South as much as the civil rights movement did during the second half of the twentieth century. The Silent Majority provides the first regionwide account of the suburbanization of the South from the perspective of corporate leaders, political activists, and especially of the ordinary families who lived in booming Sunbelt metropolises such as Atlanta, Charlotte, and Richmond. Matthew Lassiter examines crucial battles over racial integration, court-ordered busing, and housing segregation to explain how the South moved from the era of Jim Crow fully into the mainstream of national currents. During the 1960s and 1970s, the grassroots mobilization of the suburban homeowners and school parents who embraced Richard Nixon's label of the Silent Majority reshaped southern and national politics and helped to set in motion the center-right shift that has dominated the United States ever since. The Silent Majority traces the emergence of a color-blind ideology in the white middle-class suburbs that defended residential segregation and neighborhood schools as the natural outcomes of market forces and individual meritocracy rather than the unconstitutional products of discriminatory public policies. Connecting local and national stories, and reintegrating southern and American history, The Silent Majority is critical reading for those interested in urban and suburban studies, political and social history, the civil rights movement, public policy, and the intersection of race and class in modern America. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: School Busing United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee No. 5, 1972 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Hearings United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary, 1972 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Julius Chambers Richard A. Rosen, Joseph Mosnier, 2016-10-18 Born in the hamlet of Mount Gilead, North Carolina, Julius Chambers (1936–2013) escaped the fetters of the Jim Crow South to emerge in the 1960s and 1970s as the nation's leading African American civil rights attorney. Following passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Chambers worked to advance the NAACP Legal Defense Fund's strategic litigation campaign for civil rights, ultimately winning landmark school and employment desegregation cases at the U.S. Supreme Court. Undaunted by the dynamiting of his home and the arson that destroyed the offices of his small integrated law practice, Chambers pushed federal civil rights law to its highwater mark. In this biography, Richard A. Rosen and Joseph Mosnier connect the details of Chambers's life to the wider struggle to secure racial equality through the development of modern civil rights law. Tracing his path from a dilapidated black elementary school to counsel's lectern at the Supreme Court and beyond, they reveal Chambers's singular influence on the evolution of federal civil rights law after 1964. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Encyclopedia of the United States Constitution David Andrew Schultz, 2010-05-18 Covers the people, court cases, historical events, and terms relating to one of the most studied political documents in schools across the country, the United States Constitution. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Race and Education, 1954-2007 Raymond Wolters, 2008 Retracing Supreme Court decisions on race and education beginning with the Brown v. Board of Education decision, Wolters distinguishes between desegregation and integration and shows how devastating educational and cultural consequences resulted from subsequent Supreme Court decisions that conflated the two and led to racial balancing policies that have backfired--Provided by publisher. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Encyclopedia of African American Politics Robert C. Smith, 2003 An A to Z presentation of over 400 articles on African American politics and notable people, from the abolitionist movement to Whitney Young. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Cohen Versus California (1971) United States. Supreme Court, 1975 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: What Justices Want Matthew E. K. Hall, 2018-08-23 Examines how personality traits shape the behavior of US Supreme Court justices, proposing a new theory of judicial behavior. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Multicultural America Carlos E. Cortés, 2013-08-15 This comprehensive title is among the first to extensively use newly released 2010 U.S. Census data to examine multiculturalism today and tomorrow in America. This distinction is important considering the following NPR report by Eyder Peralta: “Based on the first national numbers released by the Census Bureau, the AP reports that minorities account for 90 percent of the total U.S. growth since 2000, due to immigration and higher birth rates for Latinos.” According to John Logan, a Brown University sociologist who has analyzed most of the census figures, “The futures of most metropolitan areas in the country are contingent on how attractive they are to Hispanic and Asian populations.” Both non-Hispanic whites and blacks are getting older as a group. “These groups are tending to fade out,” he added. Another demographer, William H. Frey with the Brookings Institution, told The Washington Post that this has been a pivotal decade. “We’re pivoting from a white-black-dominated American population to one that is multiracial and multicultural.” Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia explores this pivotal moment and its ramifications with more than 900 signed entries not just providing a compilation of specific ethnic groups and their histories but also covering the full spectrum of issues flowing from the increasingly multicultural canvas that is America today. Pedagogical elements include an introduction, a thematic reader’s guide, a chronology of multicultural milestones, a glossary, a resource guide to key books, journals, and Internet sites, and an appendix of 2010 U.S. Census Data. Finally, the electronic version will be the only reference work on this topic to augment written entries with multimedia for today’s students, with 100 videos (with transcripts) from Getty Images and Video Vault, the Agence France Press, and Sky News, as reviewed by the media librarian of the Rutgers University Libraries, working in concert with the title’s editors. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: We Can Do It Michael T. Gengler, 2018-08-21 This book tells of the challenges faced by white and black school administrators, teachers, parents, and students as Alachua County, Florida, moved from segregated schools to a single, unitary school system. After Brown v. Board of Education, the South’s separate white and black schools continued under lower court opinions, provided black students could choose to go to white schools. Not until 1968 did the NAACP Legal Defense Fund convince the Supreme Court to end dual school systems. Almost fifty years later, African Americans in Alachua County remain divided over that outcome. A unique study including extensive interviews, We Can Do It asks important questions, among them: How did both races, without precedent, work together to create desegregated schools? What conflicts arose, and how were they resolved (or not)? How was the community affected? And at a time when resegregation and persistent white-black achievement gaps continue to challenge public schools, what lessons can we learn from the generation that desegregated our schools? |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Creating Constitutional Change Gregg Ivers, Kevin T. McGuire, 2004 Because the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court interpret the Constitution, their decisions can create constitutional change. For quite some time, general readers interested in understanding those changes have not had access to a concise volume that explores the major decisions through which those changes occur. In order to make a wide range of decisions more comprehensible, Gregg Ivers and Kevin T. McGuire commissioned twenty-four outstanding scholars to write essays on a selected series of Supreme Court cases. Chosen for their contemporary relevance, most of the cases addressed in this informative reader are from the last half-century, extending right up through Bush v. Gore and the 2003 Michigan affirmative actions cases--Unedited summary from paperback cover. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: The Cambridge Guide to African American History Raymond Gavins, 2016-02-15 Intended for high school and college students, teachers, adult educational groups, and general readers, this book is of value to them primarily as a learning and reference tool. It also provides a critical perspective on the actions and legacies of ordinary and elite blacks and their non-black allies. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: The Courts, Social Science, and School Desegregation Betsy Levin, 2018-02-06 This book surveys the legal issues confronting courts as they decide school desegregation cases, and the extent to which social science research has been brought to bear on those issues. It examines the relationship between school segregation and residential segregation. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Encyclopedia of African American Education Kofi Lomotey, 2009-09-15 Each topic in this 2-volume encyclopedia is discussed as it relates to the education of African Americans. The entries provide a comprehensive overview of educational institutions at every level, from preschool through graduate and professional training, with special attention to historically and predominantly Black colleges and universities. The encyclopedia follows the struggle of African Americans to achieve equality in education—beginning among an enslaved population and evolving into the present—as the efforts of many remarkable individuals furthered this cause through court decisions and legislation. A unique appendix, The Complete Bibliography of the Journal of Negro Education, 1932-2008, includes listings of the tables of contents and reprinted articles on segregation, desegregation, and equality. Key Features Highlights individuals, organizations, and publications that have had a significant impact on African American education Incorporates discussions of curriculum, concepts, theories, and alternative models of education that facilitate the learning process Addresses the topics of gender and sexual orientation, religion, and the media Key Themes Alternative educational models Associations and organizations Biographies Collegiate education Curriculum Economics Gender Graduate and professional education Historically Black colleges and universities Legal cases Precollegiate Education Psychology and human development Public policy Publications Religious institutions Segregation/Desegregation The encyclopedia is valuable resource for students, educators, and scholars of education—and all readers who seek an understanding of African American education, both historically and in the 21st century. |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Equal Educational Opportunity United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity, 1970 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity, 1971 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: Equal Educational Opportunity 1971 , 1971 |
| swann v charlotte-mecklenburg: The General Statutes of North Carolina North Carolina, 1944 |
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education | Oyez
After the Supreme Court's decision in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education, little progress had been made in desegregating public schools. One example was the Charlotte-Mecklenburg, …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education - Wikipedia
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 (1971), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Educ.: The Fourteenth Amendment permits the systematic use of buses to convey children of different races across district lines to further the …
Supreme Court declares desegregation busing constitutional
Apr 16, 2021 · When the NAACP sued Charlotte on behalf of a six-year-old boy, James Swann, Judge James McMillan ruled in their favor, upholding the constitutionality of busing and …
Case: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education
Apr 15, 2002 · On January 1, 1965, several Black schoolchildren filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of North Carolina against the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of …
James E. SWANN et al., Petitioners, v. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG …
During 1966—1967, 7,116 students in the metropolitan area were bused daily. In Charlotte-Mecklenburg, the system as a whole, without regard to desegregation plans, planned to bus …
U.S. Reports: Swann et al. v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board …
SWANN ET AL. v. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BOARD OF EDUCATION ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)
Mar 5, 2016 · In 1971, announcing the need to end school segregation urgent, the Court ordered student busing to create a unitary system. Busing thus became the Court's most effective, if …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a case in which, on April 20, 1971, the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously upheld busing programs that aimed to speed …
SWANN V. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BD. OF EDUC., 402 U. S.
In 1968, petitioner Swann moved for further relief based on Green v. County School Board, 391 U. S. 430 , which required school boards to "come forward with a plan that promises realistically …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education | Oyez
After the Supreme Court's decision in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education, little progress had been made in desegregating public schools. One example was the Charlotte-Mecklenburg, …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education - Wikipedia
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 (1971), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Educ.: The Fourteenth Amendment permits the systematic use of buses to convey children of different races across district lines to further the …
Supreme Court declares desegregation busing constitutional
Apr 16, 2021 · When the NAACP sued Charlotte on behalf of a six-year-old boy, James Swann, Judge James McMillan ruled in their favor, upholding the constitutionality of busing and …
Case: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education
Apr 15, 2002 · On January 1, 1965, several Black schoolchildren filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of North Carolina against the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of …
James E. SWANN et al., Petitioners, v. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG …
During 1966—1967, 7,116 students in the metropolitan area were bused daily. In Charlotte-Mecklenburg, the system as a whole, without regard to desegregation plans, planned to bus …
U.S. Reports: Swann et al. v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board …
SWANN ET AL. v. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BOARD OF EDUCATION ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)
Mar 5, 2016 · In 1971, announcing the need to end school segregation urgent, the Court ordered student busing to create a unitary system. Busing thus became the Court's most effective, if …
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a case in which, on April 20, 1971, the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously upheld busing programs that aimed to speed …
SWANN V. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BD. OF EDUC., 402 U. S.
In 1968, petitioner Swann moved for further relief based on Green v. County School Board, 391 U. S. 430 , which required school boards to "come forward with a plan that promises realistically …
