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| sipo germany: Foundations of the Nazi Police State George C. Browder, 2014-07-11 The abbreviation Nazi, the acronym Gestapo, and the initials SS have become resonant elements of our vocabulary. Less known is SD, and hardly anyone recognizes the combination Sipo and SD. Although Sipo and SD formed the heart of the National Socialist police state, the phrase carries none of the ominous impact that it should. Although no single organization carries full responsibility for the evils of the Third Reich, the SS-police system was the executor of terrorism and population policy in the same way the military carried out the Reich's imperialistic aggression. Within the police state, even the concentration camps could not rival the impact of Sipo and SD. It was the source not only of the desk murderers who administered terror and genocide by assigning victims to the camps, but also of the police executives for identification and arrest, and of the command and staff for a major instrument of execution, the Einsatzgruppen. Foundations of the Nazi Police State offers the narrative and analysis of the external struggle that created Sipo and SD. This book is the author's preface to his discussion of the internal evolution of these organizations in Hitler's Enforcers: The Gestapo and the SS Security Service in the Nazi Revolution. |
| sipo germany: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression ... United States. Office of Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality, 1946 |
| sipo germany: German Disarmament After World War I Richard J. Shuster, 2006-09-27 German Disarmament After World War I examines the Allied disarmament of Germany and the challenges that such an enormous task presented to international efforts in enforcing the Treaty of Versailles. In the twenty-first century, disarmament remains a critical issue for the International community. This new book focuses on three key areas and lessons of Allied disarmament operations from 1920-31: the role and experience of international arms inspectors working amidst an embittered German populace the ramifications of the divergent disarmament priorities of the leaders of the disarmament coalition the effectiveness of united Allied policies backed by sanctions. These major issues are examined within the overall context of the assessment of Allied disarmament operations in Germany. While some historians perceive German disarmament as a failure, this book argues that arms inspectors successfully destroyed Germany’s ability to pose a military threat to European security. This new study shows how the destructive legacy of war convinced the victorious nations, especially Britain and France, of the importance in minimizing German military strength. French post-war security concerns, however, were often faced with the unwillingness of Britain to enforce the totality of the military articles of the treaty. German obstruction also influenced Allied disarmament policies. German Disarmament After World War I examines the initial effectiveness of Allied disarmament efforts in Germany and explains how they ultimately disappeared through diverging conceptions of a post-war world. This book will be of great interest to all students of disarmament, the interwar period and of military history, modern European history and security studies. |
| sipo germany: Nazi Germany Catherine A. Epstein, 2015-01-27 Nazi Germany: Confronting the Myths provides a concise and compelling introduction to the Third Reich. At the same time, it challenges and demystifies the many stereotypes surrounding Hitler and Nazi Germany. Creates a succinct, argument-driven overview for students by using common myths and stereotypes to encourage critical engagement with the subject Provides an up-to-date historical synthesis based on the latest research in the field Argues that in order to fully understand and explain this period of history, we need to address its seeming paradoxes – for example, questioning why most Germans viewed the Third Reich as a legitimate government, despite the Nazis’ criminality Incorporates useful study features, including a timeline, glossary, maps, and illustrations |
| sipo germany: The Hunt for Nazi Spies Simon Kitson, 2008-11-15 From 1940 to 1942, French secret agents arrested more than two thousand spies working for the Germans and executed several dozen of them—all despite the Vichy government’s declared collaboration with the Third Reich. A previously untold chapter in the history of World War II, this duplicitous activity is the gripping subject of The Hunt for Nazi Spies, a tautly narrated chronicle of the Vichy regime’s attempts to maintain sovereignty while supporting its Nazi occupiers. Simon Kitson informs this remarkable story with findings from his investigation—the first by any historian—of thousands of Vichy documents seized in turn by the Nazis and the Soviets and returned to France only in the 1990s. His pioneering detective work uncovers a puzzling paradox: a French government that was hunting down left-wing activists and supporters of Charles de Gaulle’s Free French forces was also working to undermine the influence of German spies who were pursuing the same Gaullists and resisters. In light of this apparent contradiction, Kitson does not deny that Vichy France was committed to assisting the Nazi cause, but illuminates the complex agendas that characterized the collaboration and shows how it was possible to be both anti-German and anti-Gaullist. Combining nuanced conclusions with dramatic accounts of the lives of spies on both sides, The Hunt for Nazi Spies adds an important new dimension to our understanding of the French predicament under German occupation and the shadowy world of World War II espionage. |
| sipo germany: National Identity and Weimar Germany T. Hunt Tooley, 1997-01-01 As part of the Paris peace settlement imposed on a defeated Germany after the First World War, the inhabitants of three German borderland regions were to decide whether they wished to remain part of Germany. Plebiscites were held during 1920 and 1921 in areas of mixed ethnicity: Germans and Danes in Schleswig, Germans and Poles in the districts of Allenstein and Marienwerder and in Upper Silesia. In this work, T. Hunt Tooley examines the German attempt to influence the outcome in Upper Silesia in March 1921?within the constraints of the Treaty of Versailles, which forbade the national states involved to make such attempts. We see the first international effort of a defeated Germany, acting through the new Weimar government, to face issues concerning the definition of the new national state, of citizenship, and of what it meant to be German. ø National Identity and Weimar Germany thereby contributes to our understanding of the Weimar period, which has been intensely scrutinized for clues to its fall and the consequent rise of Nazism. Seeing Upper Silesia as a laboratory for the question of German self-identity, Tooley also provides the valuable corrective that Silesians often voted as much in response to local and contingent issues as in response to ethnic identification. |
| sipo germany: The Holocaust & the Jews of Marseille Donna F. Ryan, 1996 One-fourth of the Jews living in France - once considered an asylum for the politically dispossessed - were identified, rounded up, and deported to the death camps of eastern Europe during World War II. In this carefully documented, gripping account of the treatment and fate of French and foreign Jews in Marseille, Donna Ryan explores the extent to which the Vichy government participated in the German plans to exterminate them. Marseille was a major French city in the Vichy Zone that had a large Jewish population; the Italians, who sometimes thwarted French administrators, never occupied Marseille; and it was a regional office of the Commissariat General aux Questions Juives and the Union Generale des Israelites de France, which could provide documentation. |
| sipo germany: Modern Germany Charles River Editors, 2025-05-01 The history of Germany and the German-speaking peoples is as complex and multifaceted as any in Europe. It is also one of the most difficult to pinpoint conceptually and historically, since every nation is a construct to some extent. Language is certainly important, and the German language is a unifying factor for any notion of a unified Germany, yet even today, many German-speakers live outside the borders of modern Germany. Shared customs and traditions gave Germans a common sense of identity to some extent, but these were often local in origin. Germans were also split between several versions of Christianity. Nevertheless, ideas of a German nation were present by the 19th century, leading up to the official unification in 1871. Neil MacGregor, a historian of modern Germany, has explained that the two defining events leading to the rise of German nationalism and the movement toward unification were the Thirty Years' War and the Napoleonic Wars.[1] During the Thirty Years' War, more than 200 German states were part of the Holy Roman Empire's loose confederation, and that war was predominantly fought in German states by foreign powers, including France, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, and the Netherlands. MacGregor noted that “horrors were experienced across all Germany, and were never forgotten,” to the extent that they were invoked during World War II.[2] The religious basis of the Thirty Years’ War saw the split between Catholicism and Protestantism, which was at the heart of the Reformation. Some foreign leaders even invoked defending German freedoms for their invasion.[3] From the German point of view, the Thirty Years' War was proof of their vulnerability to foreign aggression. Atrocities such as the sacking of Magdeburg in 1631, where more than 30,000 people were killed, were embedded in the German consciousness.[4] All told, 8 million people died during the Thirty Years’ War. Likewise, the Napoleonic Wars, fought about 150 years later, appeared to confirm these fears. The French Revolution had terrified similar royal regimes in other European empires, and as the revolution took on ever bloodier connotations, other countries were drawn into conflict with the new French Republic, with the Holy Roman Empire on the front line of the revolutionary wars. Napoleon Bonaparte earned his reputation with a number of victories on the battlefield and rose to the pinnacle of power in France. As the French emperor, his reign was characterized by a more aggressive military strategy and the rapid annexation of much of Europe. |
| sipo germany: The Economics of Intellectual Property Rights in China Johannes Liegsalz, 2010-12-01 The importance of intellectual property rights in industrialized countries, as well as in emerging economies, has been increasing considerably over the past two decades. An important event in the course of this development was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Especially regarding the economic development of the People's Republic of China (PRC), intellectual property rights have attracted the attention of scientists and decision-makers in business and public policy. While China meets the basic legal requirements of a well-developed system for the application and examination of intellectual property rights, the enforcement of these rights still proves to be a major issue. Academic research regarding China's IPR system is still sparse. Moreover, there are considerable gaps in the literature. In previous academic studies, the examination process at the Chinese State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) has not been researched thoroughly. Moreover, the fundamental relationship between international trade flows, foreign direct investment and the design of the patent system in the People's Republic is in need of more detailed analysis. In his dissertation, Johannes Liegsalz tackles three specific questions immediately related to this nexus. He applies multivariate econometric methods to different data sets which were assembled specifically for the purpose of this thesis. The first chapter of the thesis analyzes the duration of the examination process for patent applications at the SIPO. |
| sipo germany: Visions of Empire in the Nazi-Occupied Netherlands Jennifer L. Foray, 2012 Visions of Empire in the Nazi-Occupied Netherlands is a study of empire, occupation and decolonization, and uncovers Nazi-occupied Netherlands. |
| sipo germany: Roots of Theological Anti-Semitism Anders Gerdmar, 2009 Exploring the link between German biblical interpretation and anti-Semitism, this book is a fresh, comprehensive study of leading German exegetes, concluding that although Nazism brought anti-Semitic exegesis to a head, age-old thought structures provided powerful legitimation for oppression. |
| sipo germany: Jehovah's Witnesses in Europe Gerhard Besier, 2016-08-17 The religious association of Jehovah’s Witnesses has existed for about 150 years in Europe. How Jehovah’s Witnesses found their way in these countries has depended upon the way this missionary association was treated by the majority of the non-Witness population, the government and established churches. In this respect, the history of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Europe is also a history of the social constitution of these countries and their willingness to accept and integrate religious minorities. Jehovah’s Witnesses faced suppression and persecution not only in dictatorships, but also in some democratic states. In other countries, however, they developed in relative freedom. How the different situations in the various national societies affected the religious association and what challenges Jehovah’s Witnesses had to overcome – and still do in part even until our day – is the theme of this history volume. |
| sipo germany: Hitler's Enforcers George C. Browder, 1996-10-10 This first socio-organizational history of the Gestapo, the SD, and the regular detectives of the Third Reich, 1932-1937, this book explores the roots of their roles in police terror and programs of mass murder. These personnel helped to form the character and missions of their organizations, which were not simply created from above by Hitler, Himmler, or Heydrich. Hitler's Enforcers is based on research at 34 archives in Germany and the United States, including the personnel files of over 1,000 former members, and is the first such study to benefit from the German documents captured by the Soviets and Poles and kept secret until recently. |
| sipo germany: RSHA Reich Security Main Office Stephen Tyas, 2022-04-08 During the Nazi regime in Germany, all police forces were centralised under the command of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. The political police (Gestapo), the criminal police (Kripo), and the security service (SD) were all brought together under the RSHA umbrella in 1939, commanded by SS-General Reinhard Heydrich. Using RSHA in Berlin as the centre, the web of Heydrich’s control extended into every corner of Nazi-occupied Europe. British and American intelligence agencies tried to get to grips with RSHA departments at the end of the war, knowing who was who and what they did, relying on what captured RSHA personnel told them along with intercepted documentation. To provide Allied intelligence officers in the field with accurate knowledge, the Counter Intelligence War Room (CIWR) was established to provide this information and list further Gestapo, Kripo, SD, and Abwehr officials to be arrested and interrogated. The informative CIWR reports used here give a precise examination of the RSHA by department, some detailing how Nazi jealousies and rivalries were more helpful to the Allied war effort than the Nazi cause - a portrayal of how Nazi Intelligence agencies went wrong. |
| sipo germany: Area Handbook for the Federal Republic of Germany Eugene K. Keefe, 1975 General study of Germany, Federal Republic - covers historical and geographical aspects, population, living conditions, language, the social structure, education, the fine arts, mass medias, the political system, government, foreign policy, the economic structure, the agrarian structure, the industrial structure, the armed forces, the administration of justice, etc. Bibliography pp. 355 to 372, flow charts, glossary, graphs, maps and statistical tables. |
| sipo germany: The Gestapo Carsten Dams, Michael Stolle, 2014-05 The true story of the Gestapo - the Nazis' secret police force and the most feared instrument of political terror in the Third Reich. |
| sipo germany: The Independent , 1924 |
| sipo germany: The British in Interwar Germany David G. Williamson, 2017-07-13 The British in Interwar Germany analyses the British presence in Germany from the armistice until the end of the Rhineland occupation in 1930. It looks at British involvement in the Rhineland, Danzig, Upper Silesia, Schleswig and East Prussia and on the inter-Allied Control Commissions (IAMCC), which were supervising German disarmament. Drawing widely on a range of primary sources, David Williamson explores the problems facing British military and civil officials, their attitudes towards the Germans and their relations with their allies - particularly the French. The book also examines the everyday lives of the British soldiers and administrators in Germany and their interaction with the Germans, with particular attention being paid to the city of Cologne and the British colony that developed there. This new edition brings David Williamson's study fully up-to-date and now contains a greater coverage of the relevant social history, as well as maps, illustrations and a useful glossary. The British in Interwar Germany will be of great interest to students and scholars of Weimar Germany and Britain and Europe during the interwar years. |
| sipo germany: The Holocaust David M. Crowe, 2018-05-04 This book details the history of the Jews, their two-millennia-old struggle with a larger Christian world, and the historical anti-Semitism that created the environment that helped pave the way for the Holocaust. It helps students develop the interpretative skills in the fields of history and law. |
| sipo germany: French Children of the Holocaust Serge Klarsfeld, 1996-10 Features biographical information about 11,400 French children who were deported from France to the Nazi death camps, including their names, faces, and addresses. |
| sipo germany: Encyclopedia of the Holocaust Dr Robert Rozett, 2013-11-26 Encyclopedia of the Holocaust is a comprehensive, authoritative one-volume reference that provides reliable information on this ignoble and frightening episode of modern history. It features eight essays on the history of the Holocaust and its antecedents, as well as coverage of such topics as the history of European Jewry, Jewish contributions to European culture, and the rise of anti-semitism and Nazism. The essays are followed by more than 650 entries on significant aspects of the Holocaust, including people, cities and countries, camps, resistance movements, political actions, and outcomes. More than 300 black-and-white photographs from the archives at Yad Vashem bear witness to the horrors of the Nazi regime and at the same time attest to the invincibility of the human spirit. Best Specialist Reference Work of the Year - Reference Reviews UK |
| sipo germany: The Holocaust in the Soviet Union Yitzhak Arad, 2020-05-27 Published by the University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, and Yad Vashem, Jerusalem The Holocaust in the Soviet Union is the most complete account to date of the Soviet Jews during the World War II and the Holocaust (1941-45). Reports, records, documents, and research previously unavailable in English enable Yitzhak Arad to trace the Holocaust in the German-occupied territories of the Soviet Union through three separate periods in which German political and military goals in the occupied territories dictated the treatment of the Jews. Arad's examination of the differences between the Holocaust in the Soviet Union compared to other European nations reveals how Nazi ideological attacks on the Soviet Union, which included war on Judeo-Bolshevism, led to harsher treatment of Jews in the Soviet Union than in most other occupied territories. This historical narrative presents a wealth of information from German, Russian, and Jewish archival sources that will be invaluable to scholars, researchers, and the general public for years to come. |
| sipo germany: Substantive and Procedural Aspects of International Criminal Law Gabrielle Kirk McDonald, 2000-03-01 This unique two-volume work seeks for the first time to address in a comprehensive fashion both substantive and procedural aspects of international criminal law as applied by international and national courts. Substantive topics include individual criminal responsibility, genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes against UN and associated personnel, core crimes and defenses, while procedural aspects include the right of suspects and accused, the protection of victims and witnesses, and pre-trial, trial and appeal procedures and practices. In addressing these subjects the work focuses on the practical application of the relevant norms and provides both detailed commentaries by experts in the field (Commentary volume), as well as the underlying documentation for each of the topics addressed (Documents and Cases volume), With the establishment of the International Criminal Court, the experiences of other international courts, notably the ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda as well as their predecessors, in addressing these issues are of great value and this work is intended to assist practitioners and scholars alike. Additionally, because national courts still have a vital role to play in the application of these norms, attention is given to prosecutions in national jurisdictions. With this work the editors seek both to assist the reader in understanding these important concepts as well as to provide the background documentation such that the reader can conduct his or her own research and come to his or her own conclusions. |
| sipo germany: Maintenance Time and the Industry Development of Patents Yongzhong Qiao, 2016-08-30 This book addresses key issues concerning the maintenance time and development of patents granted by China, as well as the patent maintenance time granted by the United States, Germany, France, Japan and South Korea. Such issues include the capability of technological innovation based on the patent maintenance time; the patent maintenance times in different technological fields granted by China, the United States, Germany, France, Japan and South Korea; the distribution of patented technologies in the energy-saving industry, the patent protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the impact on the R&D industry in China, and so on. This book presents theoretical perspectives on technological innovations promoted by the patent system and proposes a number of recommendations to reform the annual fee system of maintaining patents and optimize the patent maintenance time. The materials presented here comprise original and innovative contributions, with a special focus on empirical data and scholarly analysis. |
| sipo germany: The Routledge History of the Holocaust Jonathan C. Friedman, 2010-12-15 The genocide of Jewish and non-Jewish civilians perpetrated by the German regime during World War Two continues to confront scholars with elusive questions even after nearly seventy years and hundreds of studies. This multi-contributory work is a landmark publication that sees experts renowned in their field addressing these questions in light of current research. A comprehensive introduction to the history of the Holocaust, this volume has 42 chapters which add important depth to the academic study of the Holocaust, both geographically and topically. The chapters address such diverse issues as: continuities in German and European history with respect to genocide prior to 1939 the eugenic roots of Nazi anti-Semitism the response of Europe's Jewish Communities to persecution and destruction the Final Solution as the German occupation instituted it across Europe rescue and rescuer motivations the problem of prosecuting war crimes gender and Holocaust experience the persecution of non-Jewish victims the Holocaust in postwar cultural venues. This important collection will be essential reading for all those interested in the history of the Holocaust. |
| sipo germany: Prelude to the Final Solution Phillip T. Rutherford, 2007 Follows the Nazis' attempts at a large-scale deportation system after its invasion of Poland in 1939 as it sought to reclaim territory and repatriate that space with an ever-expanding population of ethnic Germans. Standing in the way, however, were millions of ethnic Poles. Rutherford recounts the strenuous efforts and unexpected obstacles to the deportations, which in many ways were a dress rehearsal for the Final Solution. |
| sipo germany: Special Operations in Norway Ian Herrington, 2019-04-04 Between 1940 and 1945, Britain's Special Operations Executive (SOE) carried out sabotage and organised resistance across occupied Europe. Over 5 years, SOE sent over 500 agents into Norway to carry out a range of operations from sabotage and assassination to attempts to organise an underground guerrilla army. This book is the first multi-archival, international academic analysis of SOE's policy and operations in Norway and the influences that shaped them, challenging previous interpretations of the relationship between this organisation and both the Norwegian authorities and the Milorg resistance movement. |
| sipo germany: Westerweel Group: Non-Conformist Resistance Against Nazi Germany Hans Schippers, 2019-02-19 The book about the Westerweel Group tells the fascinating story about the cooperation of some ten non-conformist Dutch socialists and a group of Palestine Pioneers who mostly had arrived in the Netherlands from Germany and Austria the late thirties. With the help of Joop Westerweel, the headmaster of a Rotterdam Montessori School, they found hiding places in the Netherlands. Later on, an escape route to France via Belgium was worked out. Posing as Atlantic Wall workers, the pioneers found their way to the south of France. With the help of the Armée Juive, a French Jewish resistance organization, some 70 pioneers reached Spain at the beginning of 1944. From here they went to Palestine. Finding and maintaining the escape route cost the members of the Westerweel Group dear. With some exceptions, all members of the group were arrested by the Germans. Joop Westerweel was executed in August 1944. Other members, both in the Netherlands and France, were send to German concentration camps, where some perished. |
| sipo germany: Crime, Police, and Penal Policy Clive Emsley, 2007-07-05 This book provides a synthesis of recent research on the history of crime and criminal justice in Europe from the mid-18th to the mid-20th centuries. It tackles the subject chronologically, paying due attention to the evolving economic, social, and political aspects of the continent over the two centuries. It addresses specifically the different forms of criminal offending and the changing interpretations and understandings of that offending at both elite and popular levels. It explores how both old regimes and the new nation states, that emerged in the early 19th century, responded to criminal activity with the development of police forces and the refinement of forms of punishment. |
| sipo germany: Innovation and IPRs in China and India Kung-Chung Liu, Uday S. Racherla, 2016-05-19 This book examines the two most populous nations on earth – India and China – in an effort to demystify the interaction between intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes, innovation and economic growth by critically looking at the economic and legal realities. In addition, it analyzes the question of how innovation can best be transformed into IPR, and how IPR can best be exploited to encourage innovation. Comparing and contrasting these two giant nations can be highly beneficial as China and India were the two fastest-growing economies in the last three decades, and together their populations make up one third of the world’s total population; as such, exploring how to sustain their growth via innovation and commercialization of IPR could have a tremendous positive impact on global well-being. While a study of these two mega countries with such diverse dimensions and magnitudes can never be truly comprehensive, this joint effort by scholars from law, business management and economics disciplines that pursues an empirical approach makes a valuable contribution. Divided into three parts, the first offers an in-depth doctrinal and empirical analysis. The second part exclusively focuses on India, while the last is dedicated to China. |
| sipo germany: Europe Between the Wars Martin Kitchen, 2014-01-14 Martin Kitchen’s compelling account of Europe between the wars sets the twenty-year crisis within the context of the profound sense of cultural malaise shared by many philosophers and artists, the economic crises that plagued a Europe ruined by war and the social upheavals caused by widespread unemployment and grinding poverty amid a noticeable improvement of living standards. This thoroughly revised edition, with completely new sections on intellectual, cultural and social history is richly illustrated with contemporary photographs. It is an up-to-date and lively account of a critical period of European history when the old world collapsed, the dictators offered seemingly exciting alternatives, and democracies were put to the supreme test. Written for undergraduate students studying 20th century European history, this new edition of a classic will challenge and provoke a deeper understanding of the interwar years. |
| sipo germany: Inside the Nuremberg Trial Drexel A. Sprecher, 1999 Contains primary source material. |
| sipo germany: Intellectual Property for Economic Development Sanghoon Ahn, Bronwyn H. Hall, Keun Lee, 2014-06-27 Protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) serves a dual role in economic development. While it promotes innovation by providing legal protection of inventions, it may retard catch-up and learning by restricting the diffusion of innovations. Doe |
| sipo germany: German Code of Criminal Procedure ANONIMO, 1965-12 Goes beyond a mere literal translation of the code of criminal procedure by supplying the reader with relevant provisions of the German Constitution and from the Court of Organization Law. In addition, numerous comments to individual sections have been added by the translator. |
| sipo germany: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933 –1945: Volume II Geoffrey P. Megargee, Martin Dean, 2012-05-04 “Stands without doubt as the definitive reference guide on this topic in the world today.” —Holocaust and Genocide Studies This volume of the extraordinary encyclopedia from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum offers a comprehensive account of how the Nazis conducted the Holocaust throughout the scattered towns and villages of Poland and the Soviet Union. It covers more than 1,150 sites, including both open and closed ghettos. Regional essays outline the patterns of ghettoization in nineteen German administrative regions. Each entry discusses key events in the history of the ghetto; living and working conditions; activities of the Jewish Councils; Jewish responses to persecution; demographic changes; and details of the ghetto’s liquidation. Personal testimonies help convey the character of each ghetto, while source citations provide a guide to additional information. Documentation of hundreds of smaller sites—previously unknown or overlooked in the historiography of the Holocaust—make this an indispensable reference work on the destroyed Jewish communities of Eastern Europe. “A very detailed analysis and history of the events that took place in the towns, villages, and cities of German-occupied Eastern Europe . . . .A rich source of information.” —Library Journal “Focuses specifically on the ghettos of Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe . . . stands without doubt as the definitive reference guide on this topic in the world today. This is not hyperbole, but simply a recognition of the meticulous collaborative research that went into assembling such a massive collection of information.” —Holocaust and Genocide Studies “No other work provides the same level of detail and supporting material.” —Choice |
| sipo germany: Between Sorrow and Strength David Lazar, Sibylle Quack, Christof Mauch, 2002-11-07 Many refugees of the Nazi period have attracted considerable scholarly attention. Einstein, Thomas Mann, Hannah Arendt, among others, are all famous examples. In contrast, little is known about the lives of more typical refugees, their everyday lives in exile and emigration, their daily pain, sorrow, and underlying strength. This study shows, for the first time, how refugee women during the Nazi period endured, examining their important role in the survival of their families, and the meaning of exile and emigration for their future lives and careers. Between Sorrow and Strength combines essays by noted scholars in the field with eyewitness reports from contemporaries. It reveals a great deal about the role of women in the history of Jewish, as well as non-Jewish, emigration from Europe during the Nazi era. |
| sipo germany: Hitler's War Aims Norman Rich, 1973 Dealing with the military phase of Hitler's expansion, Rich tells an absorbing story of Germany's relentless drive in every direction and provides a vivid account of the relations between Hitler and his newly acquired subjects and satellites. --Hans W. Gatzke, Political Science Quarterly |
| sipo germany: Blood in the Snow, Blood on the Grass Douglas Boyd, 2012-07-01 D-Day, 6 June 1944; a day that has gone down in history as one of the most crucial steps towards Allied victory of the Second World War. But what is known of the thousands of young Frenchmen and women who were formed into small, untrained armies and used as bait by the Allied powers to distract the German forces from the invasion beaches? These civilians were scattered through the French forests and hill country, and they believed that Allied forces would arrive to help them drive the hated Nazi occupiers out of France; but this support never arrived. Instead they were abandoned, to be hunted down by collaborationist French paramilitaries, Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS troops. Those that were lucky died quickly; the unlucky ones survived – they were brutally raped and tortured before being shot, or were deported to death camps in Germany. With rare, striking and often harrowing photographs of the people, places and events of this period, Boyd reveals the startling truth of the prologue to the D-Day landings, highlighting atrocities that should never be forgotten. |
| sipo germany: Bitter Legacy Zvi Y. Gitelman, 1997-11-22 Examines how over a million Jewish civilians were murdered by the Nazis and their local collaborators in the Soviet Union. Topics include Soviet Jewry before the Holocaust; the Holocaust of Ukrainian Jews; Jewish refuges from Poland in the USSR, 1939-1946; Jewish warfare and the participation of Jews in combat in the Soviet Union; Jewish-Lithuanian relations during World War II. Among the documents included are Nazi directives, Nazi actions, eyewitness accounts, and accounts of collaboration and resistance, and rescue. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
国家知识产权局
2025年全国知识产权宣传周. 知识产权强国建设纲要（2021－2035年） “十四五”国家知识产权保护和运用规划. 第十八次中美欧日韩知识产权五局合作局长系列会议在天津召开
Sicherheitspolizei - Wikipedia
The Sicherheitspolizei often abbreviated as SiPo, is a German term meaning "security police". In the Nazi era, it referred to the state political and criminal investigation security agencies.
cnipa.gov.cn
国家知识产权局网站，提供专利、商标等知识产权相关信息和服务。
The Security Police (SiPo) | Holocaust Encyclopedia
The Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei, SiPo) was a new German police organization created by SS leader and Chief of the German Police Heinrich Himmler in 1936. The Security Police …
SIPO - Standards in Public Office Commission (SIPO)
10 December 2024: Investigation Report in respect of Deputy Robert Troy by the Standards in Public ... The Standards Commission oversees ethics, electoral, state finance and lobbying …
SIPO
SIPO je platební nástroj. který vám umožní sdružit všechny pravidelné platby, jako je např. voda, plyn, nájem, telefon, pojistné, rozhlasové a televizní poplatky, do jediné platby. Jak založit
China National Intellectual Property Administration - Wikipedia
Patents granted to Chinese and foreign inventors between 2002 and 2013. The China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA; 国家知识产权局) is the patent and trademark …
国家知识产权局 首页专利信息
Apr 27, 2020 · 国家知识产权局专利信息主页，提供专利检索、分析和数据下载服务。
Slovenian Intellectual Property Office | GOV.SI
Oct 16, 2024 · Slovenia recorded its third consecutive year of growth in patent applications at the European Patent Office (EPO) in 2024.
并非简单地改名——“SIPO” “CNIPA - obwbip.com
并非简单地改名——“SIPO” 变为 “CNIPA ” 2018. 年. 9 月3 日，中国国家知识产权局在官网宣布. 1，国家知识产权局的英 文名称已经由原来的“SIPO”（State Intellectual Property Office） 变 …
国家知识产权局
2025年全国知识产权宣传周. 知识产权强国建设纲要（2021－2035年） “十四五”国家知识产权保护和运用规划. 第十八次中美欧日韩知识产权五局合作局长系列会议在天津召开
Sicherheitspolizei - Wikipedia
The Sicherheitspolizei often abbreviated as SiPo, is a German term meaning "security police". In the Nazi era, it referred to the state political and criminal investigation security agencies.
cnipa.gov.cn
国家知识产权局网站，提供专利、商标等知识产权相关信息和服务。
The Security Police (SiPo) | Holocaust Encyclopedia
The Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei, SiPo) was a new German police organization created by SS leader and Chief of the German Police Heinrich Himmler in 1936. The Security Police …
SIPO - Standards in Public Office Commission (SIPO)
10 December 2024: Investigation Report in respect of Deputy Robert Troy by the Standards in Public ... The Standards Commission oversees ethics, electoral, state finance and lobbying …
SIPO
SIPO je platební nástroj. který vám umožní sdružit všechny pravidelné platby, jako je např. voda, plyn, nájem, telefon, pojistné, rozhlasové a televizní poplatky, do jediné platby. Jak založit
China National Intellectual Property Administration - Wikipedia
Patents granted to Chinese and foreign inventors between 2002 and 2013. The China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA; 国家知识产权局) is the patent and trademark …
国家知识产权局 首页专利信息
Apr 27, 2020 · 国家知识产权局专利信息主页，提供专利检索、分析和数据下载服务。
Slovenian Intellectual Property Office | GOV.SI
Oct 16, 2024 · Slovenia recorded its third consecutive year of growth in patent applications at the European Patent Office (EPO) in 2024.
并非简单地改名——“SIPO” “CNIPA - obwbip.com
并非简单地改名——“SIPO” 变为 “CNIPA ” 2018. 年. 9 月3 日，中国国家知识产权局在官网宣布. 1，国家知识产权局的英 文名称已经由原来的“SIPO”（State Intellectual Property Office） 变 …
