State Formation In Ancient India

  state formation in ancient india: Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India Ram Sharan Sharma, 1991 The present work Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient Indian discusses different views on the origin and nature of the state in ancient India. It also deals with stages and processes of state formation and examines the relevance of caste and kin-based collectivities to the construction of polity. The Vedic assemblies are studied in some detail, and developments in political organisation are presented in relation to their changing social and economic background. The book also shows how religion and rituals were brought in the service of the ruling class.
  state formation in ancient india: State Formation, Agrarian Growth, and Social Change in Feudal South India, C. AD 600-1200 Ramendra Nath Nandi, 2000 This Book Documents The Dynamics Of Feudal Growth, The Reasons Underlying It And Social Mutations Resulting From It In South India Between The Seventh And Twelfth Centuries. Specific Areas Of Andhra Pradesh And Karnataka Have Been Used As Case Studies.
  state formation in ancient india: State Formation in Ancient Orissa Prafulla Kumar Mohanty, 2002 This Book Is A Systematic Study Of The State Formation Process In Orissa From The Earliest Time To The Beginning Of The Twelfth Century A.D.
  state formation in ancient india: From Lineage to State Romila Thapar, 1999-11-01 This book is a concise collection of lectures which discuss the nature of early Indian society during the mid-first millennium BC and relate it to the ancient Indian historical tradition in its earliest forms. It also looks at the particular character of social formations, their genesis, and continuity as part of the later Indian social landscape. Examining the social and political formulations of the period, this volume analyses the transformation of lineage-based societies into state formulations. It considers the migration and arrival of the monarchies in the middle Ganga valley, where the evolution of these societies resulted in the formation of a state. It provides insights into environmental influences on settlements, the particularities of caste, the role of rituals, and the interaction of ideology with these changes. The volume presents an account of the interplay of a range of variables in state formation.
  state formation in ancient india: A Social History of Early India Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya, 2009 Contributed seminar papers.
  state formation in ancient india: The Routledge Handbook of the State in Premodern India Hermann Kulke, Bhairabi Prasad Sahu, 2022-01-13 This handbook presents a multilayered and multidimensional history of state formation in premodern India. It explores dense and rich local and subregional historiography from the mid-first millennium BC to the eighteenth century in South Asia. Shifting the focus away from economic and political factors, this handbook revises the conventional understanding of states and empires and locates them in their quotidian conduct and activity on socio-cultural and concomitant factors. Comprehensive in scope, this handbook addresses a range of themes connected with the idea of state formation in the subcontinent. It includes discussions and debates on ritual practices and the Brahmanical order in early India; the Delhi Sultanate and role of Sultans among the Hindu kings; the cosmopolitan ‘Islamicate’ cultural influences on Puranic Hinduism; cultural background of the Mughal state. The handbook examines new questions and ideologies of state formation, such as: facets of violence and resistance; the significance of the autonomous spaces and forests; regional elites, including ‘Little kings’; tribal background of some famous cults; trade and maritime commerce; royal patronage, courtly manners, lineage formation; imperial architecture, monuments, and temple, among others. Featuring case studies from different part of the India subcontinent, and with contributions by renowned historians, this authoritative handbook will be an indispensable reading for teachers, scholars, and students of early India, medieval India, premodern India, South Asian history, Asian history, historiography, economic history, historical sociology, and South Asia studies.
  state formation in ancient india: Early India : Evolution of Ideas and Institutions Dr. Zoheb Hasan, 2023-08-01 Early India's evolution of ideas and institutions encompasses ancient Indian philosophy, religion, governance, and social systems, influencing the cultural and political landscape of the subcontinent.
  state formation in ancient india: State and Government in Ancient India Anant Sadashiv Altekar, 2021-09-09 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
  state formation in ancient india: Exploring Power and Authority in Indian History Across the Ages Vijaya Ramadas Mandala, 2025-06-14 This book volume presents a nuanced perspective on comprehending power and authority in Indian history by offering a collection of case studies from different regions of India from different periods. The chapters in the book shed light on the sociological, cultural, economic, and historical dimensions of power and authority. The agency is also critiqued, offering fresh perspectives on the dominant ideologies of the ruling groups and the responses from the subjugated. By examining the intricacies of power within socio-political and cultural orders, this book provides valuable insights for readers interested in understanding the dynamics of power in Indian history. It also offers an academic exploration of Indian history, illuminating various aspects of diverse political structures from ancient to modern times from the historical framework of power, its dissenting voices, and complex histories. This volume is a valuable resource for historians, academics, and researchers interested in the field of Indian history or the history of South Asia.
  state formation in ancient india: The Ancient State of Puyŏ in Northeast Asia Mark E. Byington, 2020-05-11 Mark E. Byington explores the formation, history, and legacy of the ancient state of Puyŏ, which existed in central Manchuria from the third century BCE until the late fifth century CE. As the earliest archaeologically attested state to arise in northeastern Asia, Puyŏ occupies an important place in the history of that region. Nevertheless, until now its history and culture have been rarely touched upon in scholarly works in any language. The present volume, utilizing recently discovered archaeological materials from Northeast China as well as a wide variety of historical records, explores the social and political processes associated with the formation and development of the Puyŏ state, and discusses how the historical legacy of Puyŏ—its historical memory—contributed to modes of statecraft of later northeast Asian states and provided a basis for a developing historiographical tradition on the Korean peninsula. Byington focuses on two major aspects of state formation: as a social process leading to the formation of a state-level polity called Puyŏ, and as a political process associated with a variety of devices intended to assure the stability and perpetuation of the inegalitarian social structures of several early states in the Korea–Manchuria region.
  state formation in ancient india: The Greatest Farce of History Gopal Chowdhary, 2014-03-04 The book seeks to analyse the faultlines and subversion in the ancient history of India in the praxis of social domination and systematic marginalization and obliteration of traditional political elites or traditional Kshatriya that social elites (Priestly class or caste) of ancient India achieved, just to maintain their socio-political domination and hegemony. This rather myopic act led to the balkanization of socio-political scape of mediaeval Indiaresulting into subjugation, plunder and foreign invasions and rule for one thousand years. Through the case study of Krishna and Mahabharata period, the book tries to illuminate the so called Dark Age of the Indian history. Despite the numerous archaeological proves found in the form of Painted Grey Ware (PGW) associated with Mahabharata period and Black Red Ware (BRW) with different shades, associated with Krishna and Yadavas which tally with details of different scriptures and epic, nothing seems to be happening in this regard. This very fact seems to underline the continued saga of subversion and domination that seemed to have been ingrained in the post-Krishna-and-Mahabharata period. Once the deification and mystification of great historical personality and period such as Krishna and Mahabharata was started just to negate the socio-political revolutions ushered into, it seems to have continued and institutionalized.
  state formation in ancient india: The Arthasastra , 2012-09-15 The only extant treatise on statecraft from classical India, the Arthsastra is an invaluable resource for understanding ancient South Asian political thought; it also provides a comprehensive and unparalleled panoramic view of Indian society during the period between the Maurya (320-185 BCE) and Gupta (320-497 CE) empires. This volume offers modern English translations of key selections, organized thematically, from the Arthasastra. A general Introduction briefly traces the arc of ancient South Asian history, explains the classical Indian tradition of statecraft, and discusses the origins and importance of the Arthasastra. Thorough explanatory essays and notes set each excerpt in its intellectual, political, and cultural contexts.
  state formation in ancient india: The ‘Early Medieval’ Origins of India Manu V. Devadevan, 2020-12-03 This radical reinterpretation of Indian history traces the origins of India's institutions, ideas and identities to the 'early medieval' period.
  state formation in ancient india: Role and Image of Law in India Vasudha Dhagamwar, 2006-02-13 The relationship between tribes and the state with reference to the Indian legal structure is the focus of this book which fills a gap in the literature. Examining three tribes of India, the author traces the historical roots of their dispossession, their engagement with and subjugation by the British, and how their ordeal of disempowerment continues, even after independence. The book offers new research data from a variety of sources and by bringing together insights from anthropology, ancient history and law, it draws political conclusions that are deeply relevant in today′s world.
  state formation in ancient india: A History of India Hermann Kulke, Dietmar Rothermund, 2004 This fourth edition of A History of India presents the grand sweep of Indian history from antiquity to the present in a compact and readable survey. The authors examine the major political, economic, social and cultural forces which have shaped the history of the subcontinent. Providing an authoritative and detailed account, Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund emphasize and analyze the structural pattern of Indian history. The fourth edition of this highly accessible book brings the history of India up to date to consider, for example, the recent developments in the Kashmir conflict. Along with a new glossary, this edition also includes expanded discussions of the Mughal empire and the economic history of India.
  state formation in ancient india: The Study of the State Henri J. Claessen, Peter Skalnik, 2011-05-02 No detailed description available for The Study of the State.
  state formation in ancient india: The City and the Country in Early India P. K. Basant, 2012 The City and the Country in Early India: A Study of Malwa is about the emergence of urban centres in the sixth century bce, and analyses the processes and spatiality of urbanization, taking Malwa as its case study. Earlier research on urbanism has focussed on either literary or archaeological sources. While literary sources tend to locate the agency for change exclusively in preachers and rulers, in archaeology, the forces of change become nameless and faceless. The study of inscriptions from Malwa helps in restoring agency to common people. The beginnings of urbanism are to be found in the pre-literate past, and, therefore, require an analysis of archaeological data. Using insights from anthropology and studies of early states, in the first half of the book an attempt has been made to look for new ways to account for urbanization. The second half of the book tries to understand the process of urbanization by examining epigraphic and literary sources. The process of the emergence of urban centres created new forms of division of space: urban centres were surrounded by villages which in turn were surrounded by wilderness. This book tries to recover the histories of their complex interrelations. Since caste and kinship are considered central to the world of Indian sociology, an attempt has also been made to understand the relationships between caste, kinship and urbanism. Changes in the attitude of the literati towards the city and the country have also been examined.
  state formation in ancient india: Women and the Puranic Tradition in India Monika Saxena, 2018-09-03 This book analyses the diverse ways in which women have been represented in the Purāṇic traditions in ancient India – the virtuous wife, mother, daughter, widow, and prostitute – against the socio-religious milieu around CE 300–1000. Purāṇas (lit. ancient narratives) are brahmanical texts that largely fall under the category of socio-religious literature which were more broad-based and inclusive, unlike the Smṛtis, which were accessible mainly to the upper sections of society. In locating, identifying, and commenting on the multiplicity of the images and depictions of women’s roles in Purāṇic traditions, the author highlights their lives and experiences over time, both within and outside the traditional confines of the domestic sphere. With a focus on five Mahāpurāṇas that deal extensively with the social matrix Viṣṇu, Mārkaṇḍeya Matsya, Agni, and Bhāgavata Purāṇas, the book explores the question of gender and agency in early India and shows how such identities were recast, invented, shaped, constructed, replicated, stereotyped, and sometimes reversed through narratives. Further, it traces social consequences and contemporary relevance of such representations in marriage, adultery, ritual, devotion, worship, fasts, and pilgrimage. This volume will be of interest to researchers and scholars in women and gender studies, ancient Indian history, religion, sociology, literature, and South Asian studies, as also the informed general reader.
  state formation in ancient india: Warfare in Pre-British India – 1500BCE to 1740CE Kaushik Roy, 2015-06-03 This book presents a comprehensive survey of warfare in India up to the point where the British began to dominate the sub-continent. It discusses issues such as how far was the relatively bloodless nature of pre-British Indian warfare the product of stateless Indian society? How far did technology determine the dynamics of warfare in India? Did warfare in this period have a particular Indian nature and was it ritualistic? The book considers land warfare including sieges, naval warfare, the impact of horses, elephants and gunpowder, and the differences made by the arrival of Muslim rulers and by the influx of other foreign influences and techniques. The book concludes by arguing that the presence of standing professional armies supported by centralised bureaucratic states have been underemphasised in the history of India.
  state formation in ancient india: The Economic History of India , 2023-07-30 The economic history of early India is a rich and diverse area of study, covering agricultural developments, trade, markets, occupation and professional groups, urbanization and the institutions that govern the economy. Recent research has expanded our understanding of the processes of transformation of the economy in different temporal contexts within the Indian sub-continent. They have particularly led us to explore connected histories given the trans-continental trading networks and movements of people from very early times. This volume seeks to draw attention to this vast and unexplored terrain in the economic history of early India, by bringing together essays on a new and rich historiography. Essays in the volume cover neglected regions, economic processes and structures. Scholars have looked at questions of settlements, crops that were cultivated and market orientation. Essays cover material culture and provide insights into how early Indians lived, what kinds of activities they were engaged in, and how they organised their production activities within and outside domestic spaces. Further the volume bring new insights on hierarchy of settlement types, nature of exchange, and the significance of a nodal site in exchange networks. Maritime history as well as the understanding of trade in its varied forms and manifestations are covered in several essays.
  state formation in ancient india: History of India from c. 300 to 1206 Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-03-06 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels.
  state formation in ancient india: Early Medieval Indian Society (pb) Ram Sharan Sharma, R.S. Sharma, 2003 The book analyses the transition from the ancient to the medieval period in polity, economy, the caste system and culture. It examines the form of peasant protest and the reasons for their failure and infrequency. The author also examines the development of tantrism and the mentality that feudalism created.
  state formation in ancient india: The Sociology of Early Buddhism Greg Bailey, Ian Mabbett, 2003-11-27 Early Buddhism flourished because it was able to take up the challenge represented by buoyant economic conditions and the need for cultural uniformity in the newly emergent states in north-eastern India from the fifth century BCE onwards. This book begins with the apparent inconsistency of Buddhism, a renunciant movement, surviving within a strong urban environment, and draws out the implications of this. In spite of the Buddhist ascetic imperative, the Buddha and other celebrated monks moved easily through various levels of society and fitted into the urban landscape they inhabited. The Sociology of Early Buddhism tells how and why the early monks were able to exploit the social and political conditions of mid-first millennium north-eastern India in such a way as to ensure the growth of Buddhism into a major world religion. Its readership lies both within Buddhist studies and more widely among historians, sociologists and anthropologists of religion.
  state formation in ancient india: Studying Early India Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya, 2006 A focal study of the methodological changes that confront historians of pre-colonial India.
  state formation in ancient india: Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400-1800 Kenneth R. Hall, 2008-01-01 This volume features the research of international scholars, whose work addresses the representative history of small cities and urban networking in various parts of the Indian Ocean world in an era of change, allowing them the opportunity to compare approaches, methods, and sources in the hopes of discovering common features as well as notable differences.
  state formation in ancient india: Balance of Power in World History S. Kaufman, R. Little, W. Wohlforth, 2007-08-22 The balance of power is one of the most influential ideas in international relations, yet it has never been comprehensively examined in pre-modern or non-European contexts. This book redresses this imbalance. The authors present eight new case studies of balancing and balancing failure in pre-modern and non-European international systems.
  state formation in ancient india: Federalism in Asia Harihar Bhattacharyya, 2010-02-25 This book analyzes the successes and failures of various federal measures adopted in India, Pakistan and Malaysia for the political accommodation of diversity. Bhattacharyya then assesses their comparative significance for other countries in Asia. In particular, he examines growing tensions between nation and state-building in ethnically plural societies; modes of federation-building in Asia; persistent ethno-nationalist tensions in federations, and the relationship between federalism and democracy; and federalism and decentralization. Since ethno-nationalist conflict remains unresolved in most countries of Asia, this book should of interest to those seeking long-term solutions of problems of order and stability in ethnically diverse countries in Asia.
  state formation in ancient india: Buddhist Landscapes in Central India Julia Shaw, 2016-08-12 The “monumental bias” of Buddhist archaeology has hampered our understanding of the socio-religious mechanisms that enabled early Buddhist monks to establish themselves in new areas. To articulate these relationships, Shaw presents here the first integrated study of settlement archaeology and Buddhist history, carried out in the area around Sanchi, a Central Indian UNESCO World Heritage site. Her comprehensive, data-rich, and heavily illustrated work provides an archaeological basis for assessing theories regarding the dialectical relationship between Buddhism and surrounding lay populations. It also sheds light on the role of the introduction of Buddhism in changing settlement patterns.This volume was originally published in 2007 by the British Association of South Asian Studies.
  state formation in ancient india: A Companion to South Asia in the Past Gwen Robbins Schug, Subhash R. Walimbe, 2016-04-13 A Companion to South Asia in the Past provides the definitive overview of research and knowledge about South Asia’s past, from the Pleistocene to the historic era in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal, provided by a truly global team of experts. The most comprehensive and detailed scholarly treatment of South Asian archaeology and biological anthropology, providing ground-breaking new ideas and future challenges Provides an in-depth and broad view of the current state of knowledge about South Asia’s past, from the Pleistocene to the historic era in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal A comprehensive treatment of research in a crucial region for human evolution and biocultural adaptation A global team of scholars together present a varied set of perspectives on South Asian pre- and proto-history
  state formation in ancient india: River Valley Cultures of India Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty, Indirā Gāndhī Rāshṭrīya Mānava Saṅgrahālaya, 2005 Proceedings of a national seminar, River Valley Cultures of India, held at the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Bhopal, between Sept. 21-24, 1998.
  state formation in ancient india: The Republic of India Alan Gledhill, 2013
  state formation in ancient india: Imperial China and Its Southern Neighbours Victor H Mair, 2016-04-29 At a time when China-Southeast Asia relationships are undergoing profound changes, it is pleasing to have a volume which examines the interactions between China and the polities and societies to the south through time. With multiple aims of exploring the relations between northern Chinese cultures and those of the south, examining the cultural plurality of areas which are today parts of Southern China, and illuminating the relations between Sinitic and non-Sinitic societies, the volume is broad in concept and content. Within these extensive rubrics, this edited collection further interrogates the nature of Asian polities and their historiography, the constitution of Chineseness, imperial China's southern expansions, cultural hybridity, economic relations, regional systems and ethnic interactions across East Asia. The editors Victor H. Mair and Liam C. Kelley are to be congratulated for bringing together such a wealth of contributions offering nascent interpretations and broad overviews, set within the overarching historical and contemporary contexts provided through Wang Gungwu's introduction.- Dr Geoffrey Wade, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University
  state formation in ancient india: India Grows At Night Gurcharan Das, 2013-07-15 Indians wryly admit that ‘India grows at night’. But that is only half the saying, the full expression is: ‘India grows at night... when the government sleeps’, suggesting that the nation may be rising despite the state. India’s is a tale of private success and public failure. Prosperity is, indeed, spreading across the country even as governance failure pervades public life. But how could a nation become one of the world’s fastest-growing economies when it’s governed by a weak, ineffective state? And wouldn’t it be wonderful if India also grew during the day—in other words, if public policy supported private enterprise? What India needs, Gurcharan Das says, is a strong liberal state. Such a state would have the authority to take quick, decisive action, it would have the rule of law to ensure those actions are legitimate and finally, it would be accountable to the people. But achieving this will not be easy, says Das, because India has historically had a weak state and a strong society. About the Author Gurcharan Das is a well known author, commentator and public intellectual. He is the author of the much acclaimed The Difficulty of Being Good, and the international bestseller India Unbound, which has been translated into many languages and filmed by the BBC. His other works include the novel, A Fine Family, a book of essays, The Elephant Paradigm, and an anthology, Three Plays, consisting of Larins Sahib, Mira and 9 Jakhoo Hill. Gurcharan Das writes a regular column for a number of Indian newspapers including the Times of India and occasional guest columns for Newsweek, Wall Street Journal and Foreign Affairs. Gurcharan Das graduated from Harvard University and was CEO of Procter and Gamble India before he took early retirement to become a full time writer. He lives in Delhi.
  state formation in ancient india: The Origins of Political Order Francis Fukuyama, 2011-05-12 Nations are not trapped by their pasts, but events that happened hundreds or even thousands of years ago continue to exert huge influence on present-day politics. If we are to understand the politics that we now take for granted, we need to understand its origins. Francis Fukuyama examines the paths that different societies have taken to reach their current forms of political order. This book starts with the very beginning of mankind and comes right up to the eve of the French and American revolutions, spanning such diverse disciplines as economics, anthropology and geography. The Origins of Political Order is a magisterial study on the emergence of mankind as a political animal, by one of the most eminent political thinkers writing today.
  state formation in ancient india: God as Political Philosopher Kancha Ilaiah, 2001 It Is A Thought Provoking Work That Propounds A View Of Gautama Buddha And His Sangha That Will Change The Way We Think Of Both. The Authors Restore Buddha To His Positions As India`S Social Revolutionary.
  state formation in ancient india: Northeast India Through the Ages Rituparna Bhattacharyya, 2022-07-29 This volume explores the rich pre-history, history, and oral history of the northeast region of India––a land-locked region that is home to over 350 ethnolinguistic communities. Despite its uniqueness and diversity, little is known to the outside world. The book studies the vibrant and diverse socio-political and cultural history of this region through a transdisciplinary perspective, covering a wide range of topics such as the pre-history, medieval and colonial histories of Assam, the geopolitics of the creation of independent states from undivided Assam, oral narratives from Manipur, prehistoric cultures of Meghalaya, the Naga National Movement, Sikkim’s Namgyal dynasty, and Tripura’s transition from monarchy to democracy. It also discusses the invaluable contributions made by Professor Mohammad Taher (1931–2015), who laid the foundation of geography in Northeast India. A compelling exploration of this geo-politically contested space, this volume will be of interest to students and researchers of anthropology, archaeology, history, human geography, South Asian studies, and minority studies.
  state formation in ancient india: The Making of the Modern State B. Nelson, 2006-03-15 Nelson provides a historical overview of the theoretical and ideological evolution of the modern state, from pre-state and pre-modern state formations to the present. A major theme of the book is the need to understand the modern state holistically, as a totality of social, political, and ideological factors.
  state formation in ancient india: Genesis and Development of Tantra Shingo Einoo,
  state formation in ancient india: Timely Cash Ugo Gentilini, 2024-10-31 Every country provides some form of direct cash transfer to people in need, and this provision of money reaches hundreds of millions of people worldwide. But these provisions are often accompanied by heated debates on whether and how such assistance should be provided. Seeking a way to better understand the current global debates on cash transfers, Timely Cash provides a historical overview of the concept. It explores the 2,500-year history of cash transfers to trace the origins of cash transfer programmes, tracks how they have evolved over time and spread across the world, and considers the longstanding debates that surround them. By connecting these historical perspectives with the present day, identifying reoccurring patterns, and codifying diversity in experiences, Ugo Gentilini illuminates the roots of modern cash transfer dilemmas and reveals the surprising lessons the past can offer for these contemporary debates.
  state formation in ancient india: Beyond Borders Ashish Kumar, 2023-10-30 This book examines the economic history of ancient South Asia by situating the Malwa region of Central India within Afro-Eurasian trade networks to illuminate the role of traders in the political, religious and economic processes connected with the Indo-Sasanian trade in the period of five centuries, circa CE 300-700. The book challenges the long-held centrality of the Roman factor in the South Asian economy by locating the Indo-Sasanian interactions in long distance economic networks with trade as a central feature. It considers the role and influence of traders as an understudied group affecting the contribution of the Indian economy to the world system. Amidst rapidly changing political landscapes, traders of Indian and Sasanian origins are studied as conscious political beings, who formed ties with varieties of polities and religious communities to secure their commercial interests. In addition, their commercial interactions with their Sogdian (Central Asia) and Aksumite (East Africa) counterparts are analyzed. The book also considers the nature of trade routes and the specific connections between mercantile and religious networks, including patterns of construction of religious shrines and temples along trade routes. Integrating epigraphic, numismatic, literary and archaeological evidence, this book moves away from a marginal treatment of the Indo-Sasanian trade in Indian history, and demonstrates how regional economic history must address a plurality of causes, actors, and processes in its assessment of the regional economy. The book will be of interest to students and academics of Indian economic history, as well as the ancient economies of South Asia more broadly.
「国家」这个词在英文中视语境不同。state、nation、country
事实上，state更具有代表性的意思还是「国家」，作为「州」只是特例。国家全名里包含state的有 以色列（State of Israel），科威特（State of Kuwait），巴布新几内亚（Independent State of Papua New …

程序代码中，怎么区分status和state？ - 知乎
Dec 4, 2013 · State 表达的是形态，而 Status 表达的是从一种形态转换成另一种形态的过程中，那些有显著特征的离散中间值。 还是说那个旅馆房间的例子，一个房间可以是婚房、普通房、豪华总统房，这些都是用 …

英文地址怎么填写？ - 知乎
国家（State）： 中华人民共和国（the People’s Republic of China； P.R.China； P.R.C； China） 省级（Provincial Level）： 省(Province)、自治区(Autonomous Region )、直辖 …

为什么英语中“state-of-the-art”表示“最先进”的意思呢？ - 知乎
The earliest use of the term "state of the art" documented by the Oxford English Dictionary dates back to 1910, from an engineering manual by Henry Harrison Suplee (1856-post 1943), an …

强化学习 (Reinforcement Learning) - 知乎
强化学习主要由智能体（Agent）、环境（Environment）、状态（State）、动作（Action）、奖励（Reward）组成。 智能体执行了某个动作后，环境将会转换到一个新的状态，对于该新的状态环境会给出奖励 …

「国家」这个词在英文中视语境不同。state、nation、country 三 …
事实上，state更具有代表性的意思还是「国家」，作为「州」只是特例。国家全名里包含state的有 以色列（State of Israel），科威特（State of Kuwait），巴布新几内亚（Independent State of …

程序代码中，怎么区分status和state？ - 知乎
Dec 4, 2013 · State 表达的是形态，而 Status 表达的是从一种形态转换成另一种形态的过程中，那些有显著特征的离散中间值。 还是说那个旅馆房间的例子，一个房间可以是婚房、普通房、豪 …

英文地址怎么填写？ - 知乎
国家（State）： 中华人民共和国（the People’s Republic of China； P.R.China； P.R.C； China） 省级（Provincial Level）： 省(Province)、自治区(Autonomous Region )、直辖 …

为什么英语中“state-of-the-art”表示“最先进”的意思呢？ - 知乎
The earliest use of the term "state of the art" documented by the Oxford English Dictionary dates back to 1910, from an engineering manual by Henry Harrison Suplee (1856-post 1943), an …

强化学习 (Reinforcement Learning) - 知乎
强化学习主要由智能体（Agent）、环境（Environment）、状态（State）、动作（Action）、奖励（Reward）组成。 智能体执行了某个动作后，环境将会转换到一个新的状态，对于该新的状 …

stata怎么安装sgmediation啊？ - 知乎
May 6, 2023 · 采用答主托马斯营的方法下载后 stata 会显示下载路径，如图所示，根据路径找到 sgmediation 2. ado 以及help文件，复制粘贴到原本stata安装的文件夹里即可（我的是在C …

svchost.exe 为什么会占用那么多 CPU？ - 知乎
我们前面也有提到，并不是所有的服务都会通过 svchost.exe 调用实现，以 Metasploit 为例：在获取到目标主机的 Meterpreter 之后，可以使用“run metsvc”命令在目标主机上注册一个名为 …

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正在写SCI的小伙伴看到这篇回答有福了！作为一个在硕士阶段发表了4篇SCI（一区×2，二区×2）的人，本回答就好好给你唠唠究竟该如何撰写Declaration of interest利益声明部分。