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| solution of the voynich manuscript: Solution of the Voynich Manuscript Leo Levitov, 1987 |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Blind Spot Dr. Gordon Rugg, 2013-04-30 The Voynich Manuscript has been considered to be the world's most mysterious book. Filled with strange illustrations and an unknown language, it challenged the world's top code-crackers for nearly a century. But in just four-and-a-half months, Dr. Gordon Rugg, a renowned researcher, found evidence (which had been there all along) that the book could be a giant, glittering hoax. In Blind Spot: Why We Fail to See the Solution Right in Front of Us, Dr. Rugg shares his story and shows how his toolkit of problem-solving techniques—such as his Verifier Method—can save the day, particularly in those times when the experts on your team have all the data in front of them but are still unaccountably at an impasse. In the tradition of Malcolm Gladwell and Dan Ariely, Dr. Rugg, a rising star in computer science, challenges us to re-examine the way we think, and provides new tools to solve problems and crack codes in our own lives. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Voynich Manuscript , 2015-12-11 A facsimile of an object of unknown authorship that has been the source of study and speculation for centuries and remains undecipherable to this day. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Voynich Manuscript (COLOR) Wilfrid Voynich, 2014-04-23 *PLEASE READ BEFORE PURCHASING*This is an EXACT reproduction from THE VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT. It is a scanned version from the original edition located at the YALE LIBRARY. The original size is very small - please be prepared to use a magnifying glass - OR - try the Kindle edition as it is easier to enlarge the pages.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Voynich Manuscript: an Elegant Enigma M. E. D'Imperio, 2012-08-17 The reader may well wonder, What still another paper on the Voynich manuscript? So much has been written already on that most studies, most curious, and most mysterious manuscript upon which so many researchers have exhausted their faculties in vain. As a relatively recent newcomer to the ranks of Voynich manuscript research, the author retraced the steps of all his predecessors, rediscovering their sources, repeating their experiments, growing excited over the same promising leads that excited them, and learning only later that all these things have already been tried and had failed, often several times. The author does not wish to imply that he regrets any of his efforts. In fact, he little suspected, when he was first introduced to the problem of the Voynich manuscript at Brigadier Tiltman's lecture in November 1975, that he would spend all his spare time for the next year on an intellectual and spiritual journey spanning so many centuries and ranging over so many aspects of art, history, philosophy, and philology. The fact remains that, in spite of all the paper that other have written about the manuscript, there is no complete survey of all the approaches, ideas, background information and analytic studies that have accumulated over the nearly fifty-five years since the manuscript was discovered by Wilfrid M. Voynich in 1912. Most of the papers have been written to advance or to refute a particular theory, providing in passing a brief glance at others' efforts, primarily to sweep them out of the way. Much vital information is to be found only in unpublished notes and papers inaccessible to most students. The author felt that it would be useful to pull together all the information that he could obtain from all the sources and present them in an orderly fashion. This monograph is arranged in four main sections. First, the presentation of a survey of all of the basic facts of the problem: the givens, as it were. Second, coverage of all the primary avenues of attack and the information relevant to each, the external characteristics of the manuscript itself, the drawings, and the text. Third, a survey of the major claims of decipherment and other substantial analytic work carried out by various researchers. Fourth, a sketch of collateral and background topics which seem likely to be useful. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Voynich Manuscript Stephen Skinner, Rafal T Prinke, Rene Zandbergen, 2017-09-18 ''The Voynich Manuscript is the limit text of Western occultism. It is truly an occult book - one that no one can read.'' - Terence McKenna, ethnobotanist and mystic This complete edition of the Voynich Manuscript includes a fascinating and authoritative foreword and introduction by Dr Stephen Skinner, Dr Rafal Prinke and Dr RenÃ(c) Zandbergen, who together detail all that is currently known about this mysterious medieval manuscript, the only book in existence that has been written in this particular language and alphabet - a language that nobody can read. Drawing on their extensive knowledge of the period, of other esoteric and alchemical works and of the curious history of the Voynich, they explore its relation to magic and alchemy, and what may be guessed about the meaning of its beautiful illustrations. This information, together with the images themselves, invites readers to form their own interpretations of this most famous of enduring mysteries.The elegant design of this Watkins edition is a fitting showcase for the manuscript's strangely beautiful cryptographic script and otherworldly illustrations, which include astrological, astronomy, herbal medicine and enigmatic drawings of naked women bathing. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Curse of the Voynich Nicholas Pelling, Nick Pelling, 2006-01-01 For hundreds of years, the bizarre Voynich Manuscript has been the subject of intrigue and fascination. In this book, leading Voynich researcher Nick Pelling strips away the veils of deception to reveal the secret history of this mystery, looking at the people, the places and the politics behind this 'elegant enigma'. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Scatter, Adapt, and Remember Annalee Newitz, 2013-05-14 In its 4.5 billion–year history, life on Earth has been almost erased at least half a dozen times: shattered by asteroid impacts, entombed in ice, smothered by methane, and torn apart by unfathomably powerful megavolcanoes. And we know that another global disaster is eventually headed our way. Can we survive it? How? As a species, Homo sapiens is at a crossroads. Study of our planet’s turbulent past suggests that we are overdue for a catastrophic disaster, whether caused by nature or by human interference. It’s a frightening prospect, as each of the Earth’s past major disasters—from meteor strikes to bombardment by cosmic radiation—resulted in a mass extinction, where more than 75 percent of the planet’s species died out. But in Scatter, Adapt, and Remember, Annalee Newitz, science journalist and editor of the science Web site io9.com explains that although global disaster is all but inevitable, our chances of long-term species survival are better than ever. Life on Earth has come close to annihilation—humans have, more than once, narrowly avoided extinction just during the last million years—but every single time a few creatures survived, evolving to adapt to the harshest of conditions. This brilliantly speculative work of popular science focuses on humanity’s long history of dodging the bullet, as well as on new threats that we may face in years to come. Most important, it explores how scientific breakthroughs today will help us avoid disasters tomorrow. From simulating tsunamis to studying central Turkey’s ancient underground cities; from cultivating cyanobacteria for “living cities” to designing space elevators to make space colonies cost-effective; from using math to stop pandemics to studying the remarkable survival strategies of gray whales, scientists and researchers the world over are discovering the keys to long-term resilience and learning how humans can choose life over death. Newitz’s remarkable and fascinating journey through the science of mass extinctions is a powerful argument about human ingenuity and our ability to change. In a world populated by doomsday preppers and media commentators obsessively forecasting our demise, Scatter, Adapt, and Remember is a compelling voice of hope. It leads us away from apocalyptic thinking into a future where we live to build a better world—on this planet and perhaps on others. Readers of this book will be equipped scientifically, intellectually, and emotionally to face whatever the future holds. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Codes and Ciphers - A History of Cryptography Alexander D'Agapeyeff, 2016-08-26 This vintage book contains Alexander D’Agapeyeff’s famous 1939 work, Codes and Ciphers - A History of Cryptography. Cryptography is the employment of codes and ciphers to protect secrets, and it has a long and interesting history. This fantastic volume offers a detailed history of cryptography from ancient times to modernity, written by the Russian-born English cryptographer, Alexander D'Agapeyeff. The contents include: - The beginnings of Cryptography - From the Middle Ages Onwards - Signals, Signs, and Secret Languages - Commercial Codes - Military Codes and Ciphers - Types of Codes and Ciphers - Methods of Deciphering Many antiquarian texts such as this, especially those dating back to the 1900s and before, are increasingly hard to come by and expensive, and it is with this in mind that we are republishing this book now in an affordable, modern, high quality edition. It comes complete with a specially commissioned new biography of the author. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Voynich Manuscript Gerry Kennedy, Rob Churchill, 2006-08-28 An examination of the many theories surrounding this enigmatic text, apparently written in code • Reveals the connections between this work and the Cathars, Roger Bacon, and John Dee • Explains the cryptanalysis methods used in attempts to break the code • Includes color images from the manuscript juxtaposed with other medieval writings Since its discovery by Wilfrid Voynich in an Italian monastery in 1912, the Voynich Manuscript has baffled scholars and cryptanalysists with its unidentifiable script and bizarre illustrations. Written in an unknown language or an as yet undecipherable code, this medieval manuscript contains hundreds of illustrations of unknown plants, cosmological charts, and inexplicable scenes of naked “nymphs” bathing in a green liquid that some interpret as a symbolic depiction of human reproduction and the joining of the soul with the body. Gerry Kennedy and Rob Churchill explore the mystery surrounding the Voynich Manuscript, examining the many existing theories about the possible authors of this work and the information it may contain. They trace the speculative history of the manuscript and reveal those who may be connected to it, including Roger Bacon, John Dee, and the Cathars. With the possibility that it may be a lost alchemical text or other esoteric work, this manuscript remains one of the most intriguing yet enigmatic documents ever to have come to light. Gerry Kennedy is a freelance writer and has produced a number of BBC Radio 4 programs, including one on the Voynich Manuscript in 2001. Rob Churchill is a professional writer who has written scripts for many production companies, including the BBC and Thames Television. Both authors were consultants for the BBC/Mentorn Films documentary The Voynich Mystery. They live in London. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Voynich Manuscript Archival Reprint Company, 2013-10-30 ARCHIVAL REPRINT: LIMITED EDITION |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Voynich Manuscript as an Example of Oligo-Agglutinative Pasigraphy, Vol. I: A Fuzzy Set Approach to Decryption Steve Bolton, Class III problems are considered practically unsolvable in cryptology, but none has resisted cryptanalytic attack as persistently as the Voynich Manuscript. In the first installment of this 4-volume set, we present the linguistic and affix analysis that preceded the first complete but approximate translation of the entire manuscript. This contrasts with the piecemeal approach of all prior solutions that resulted in wildly divergent translations of minuscule selections of the text. This systemic attack on the entirety of the text and its unusual distributional features (such as extreme platykurtia, which forbid translation into any natural language) resulted first in superior transcription stability and an equally stable symbol set, based on intensive statistical analysis. The encoding scheme employs a 20-22 letter alphabetic script that most closely resembles a slot-and-filler, top-down, a priori pasigraphic system, with oligo-agglutinative features that are currently only considered a theoretical possibility in the linguistics field. The intricate affixing system is based mainly on precise placement of single letters to denote case roles, semantic classes and 3 primary parts of speech (exhibiting a strong noun surfeit). At the phrase level we find dominant SOV order and head-final, dependent-marked grammar compatible with heavily formatted, inline pharmaceutical lists; these result in short ranges of actionable information, which no competing solution can claim. Plant descriptions are demoted in comparison to other herbals, in favor of processing and dispensing details. This approximate solution is based on fuzzy set analysis techniques integrated with linguistic universals, a wide range of common statistics (Pareto and Sukhotin scores, Zipf slopes, Indexes of Coincidence, Agglutination and Synthesis and dozens of others) and many home-brewed fuzzy algorithms implemented in T-SQL and VB.Net, after the inadequacy of many advanced data mining techniques was demonstrated. Our methodology was validated when the project reached an inflection point, beyond which we were able to predict the identities and properties of plants based on the text alone. The project ended with plausible identification candidates for 121 of 126 herbal section plants and 7 others elsewhere in the manuscript, far beyond that of other published solutions. An incredible 100% of the 133 identified plants have dermatological uses. These can be divided into prominent subtopics like treatment of bites; anthelmintics; rheumatism and other musculo-skeletal ailments; inflammatory skin disorders; external and possibly menstrual bleeding; excision of blemishes; application of cosmetics; and cures dispensable in baths. The centerpiece of the manuscript is the Rosette Folio, which depicts the grand design of a medieval bathhouse, keyed to specific astrological timings also defined by satellite diagrams following a precedence hierarchy. Each of these uses exhibit telltale polygraph correlations that fall into a handful of semantic hierarchies constructed from highly similar bases, such as skin color based diagnostic criteria, remedies/solutions, problems/diseases, plant parts and the like. These findings require 2 volumes to demonstrate and another volume of data and other supplementary material. Despite this complexity, they culminate in a drastic simplification of the script and the first-ever comprehensive translation of the Voynich Manuscript in Volume IV, albeit at low resolution. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Voynich Manuscript as an Example of Oligo-Agglutinative Pasigraphy, Vol. II: The Semantic Classification System Steve Bolton, Class III problems are considered practically unsolvable in cryptology, but none has resisted cryptanalytic attack as persistently as the Voynich Manuscript. In the second installment of this 4-volume set, we present the semantic classification system that preceded the first complete but approximate translation of the entire manuscript. This contrasts with the piecemeal approach of all prior solutions that resulted in wildly diverent translations of minuscule selections of the text. This systemic attack on the entirety of the text and its unusual distributional features (such as extreme platykurtia, which forbid translation into any natural language) resulted first in superior transcription stability and an equally stable symbol set, based on intensive statistical analysis. The encoding scheme employs a 20-22 letter alphabetic script that most closely resembles a slot-and-filler, top-down, a priori pasigraphic system, with oligo-agglutinative features that are currently only considered a theoretical possibility in the linguistics field. The intricate affixing system is based mainly on precise placement of single letters to denote case roles, semantic classes and 3 primary parts of speech (exhibiting a strong noun surfeit). At the phrase level we find dominant SOV order and head-final, dependent-marked grammar compatible with heavily formatted, inline pharmaceutical lists; these result in short ranges of actionable information, which no competing solution can claim. Plant descriptions are demoted in comparison to other herbals, in favor of processing and dispensing details. This approximate solution is based on fuzzy set analysis techniques integrated with linguistic universals, a wide range of common statistics (Pareto and Sukhotin scores, Zipf slopes, Indexes of Coincidence, Agglutination and Synthesis and dozens of others) and many home-brewed fuzzy algorithms implemented in T-SQL and VB.Net, after the inadequacy of many advanced data mining techniques was demonstrated. Our methodology was validated when the project reached an inflection point, beyond which we were able to predict the identities and properties of plants based on the text alone. The project ended with plausible identification candidates for 121 of 126 herbal section plants and 7 others elsewhere in the manuscript, far beyond that of other published solutions. An incredible 100% of the 133 identified plants have dermatological uses. These can be divided into prominent subtopics like treatment of bites; anthelmintics; rheumatism and other musculo-skeletal ailments; inflammatory skin disorders; external and possibly menstrual bleeding; excision of blemishes; application of cosmetics; and cures dispensable in baths. The centerpiece of the manuscript is the Rosette Folio, which depicts the grand design of a medieval bathhouse, keyed to specific astrological timings also defined by satellite diagrams following a precedence hierarchy. Each of these uses exhibit telltale polygraph correlations that fall into a handful of semantic hierarchies constructed from highly similar bases, such as skin color based diagnostic criteria, remedies/solutions, problems/diseases, plant parts and the like. These findings require 2 volumes to demonstrate and another volume of data and other supplementary material. Despite this complexity, they culminate in a drastic simplification of the script and the first-ever comprehensive translation of the Voynich Manuscript in Volume IV, albeit at low resolution.The first installment dedicated to linguistic analysis of the affixing system will be published concurrently with Vol. II, at which time the reference material in Vol. III: Dictionary, Figures, Tables and Other Supplementary Material will be made publicly available for free at the GitHub address https://github.com/InfinidataLLC/Infinidata-Voynich-Manuscript-Project |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Unsolved! Craig P. Bauer, 2019-06-18 In 1953, a man was found dead from cyanide poisoning near the Philadelphia airport with a picture of a Nazi aircraft in his wallet. Taped to his abdomen was an enciphered message. In 1912, a book dealer named Wilfrid Voynich came into possession of an illuminated cipher manuscript once belonging to Emperor Rudolf II, who was obsessed with alchemy and the occult. Wartime codebreakers tried--and failed--to unlock the book's secrets, and it remains an enigma to this day. In this lively and entertaining book, Craig Bauer examines these and other vexing ciphers yet to be cracked. Some may reveal the identity of a spy or serial killer, provide the location of buried treasure, or expose a secret society--while others may be elaborate hoaxes. Unsolved! begins by explaining the basics of cryptology, and then explores the history behind an array of unsolved ciphers. It looks at ancient ciphers, ciphers created by artists and composers, ciphers left by killers and victims, Cold War ciphers, and many others. Some are infamous, like the ciphers in the Zodiac letters, while others were created purely as intellectual challenges by figures such as Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard P. Feynman. Bauer lays out the evidence surrounding each cipher, describes the efforts of geniuses and eccentrics--in some cases both--to decipher it, and invites readers to try their hand at puzzles that have stymied so many others. Unsolved! takes readers from the ancient world to the digital age, providing an amazing tour of many of history's greatest unsolved ciphers-- |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Final Coming Samuel Frandino, 2013-11-01 |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Checkout 19 Claire-Louise Bennett, 2022-03-01 A NEW YORK TIMES 10 BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR AND A NEW YORKER ESSENTIAL READ NAMED A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR BY THE NEW YORKER AND VOGUE “Bennett writes like no one else. She is a rare talent, and Checkout 19 is a masterful novel.” –Karl Ove Knausgaard From the author of the “dazzling. . . . and daring” Pond (O magazine), the adventures of a young woman discovering her own genius, through the people she meets–and dreams up–along the way. In a working-class town in a county west of London, a schoolgirl scribbles stories in the back pages of her exercise book, intoxicated by the first sparks of her imagination. As she grows, everything and everyone she encounters become fuel for a burning talent. The large Russian man in the ancient maroon car who careens around the grocery store where she works as a checkout clerk, and slips her a copy of Beyond Good and Evil. The growing heaps of other books in which she loses–and finds–herself. Even the derailing of a friendship, in a devastating violation. The thrill of learning to conjure characters and scenarios in her head is matched by the exhilaration of forging her own way in the world, the two kinds of ingenuity kindling to a brilliant conflagration. Exceeding the extraordinary promise of Bennett’s mold-shattering debut, Checkout 19 is a radical affirmation of the power of the imagination and the magic escape those who master it open to us all. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Israeli Century Yossi Shain, 2021-11-02 “The Israeli Century is one of the most important books of our generation, emphasizing how Israel is becoming the center of the Jewish People’s existence and is laying the solid foundations for its future.” —Isaac Herzog, President of Israel In this important breakthrough work, Yossi Shain takes us on a sweeping and surprising journey through the history of the Jewish people, from the destruction of the First Temple in the sixth century B.C.E. up to the modern era. Over the course of this long history, Jews have moved from a life of Diaspora, which ultimately led to destruction, to a prosperous existence in a thriving, independent nation state. The new power of Jewish sovereignty has echoed around the world and gives Israelis a new and significant role as influential global players. In the Israeli Century, the Jew is reborn, feeling a deep responsibility for his tradition and a natural connection to his homeland. A sense of having a home to return to allows him to travel the wider world and act with ease and confidence. In the Israeli Century, the Israeli Jew can fully express the strengths developed over many generations in the long period of wandering and exile. As a result, Shain argues, the burden of preserving the continuity of the Jewish people and defining its character is no longer the responsibility of Diaspora communities. Instead it now falls squarely on the shoulders of Israelis themselves. The challenges of Israeli sovereignty in turn require farsighted leaders with a clear-eyed understanding of the dangers that confront the Jewish future, as well as the incredible opportunities it offers. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Secret History Craig Bauer, 2021-04-20 The first edition of this award-winning book attracted a wide audience. This second edition is both a joy to read and a useful classroom tool. Unlike traditional textbooks, it requires no mathematical prerequisites and can be read around the mathematics presented. If used as a textbook, the mathematics can be prioritized, with a book both students and instructors will enjoy reading. Secret History: The Story of Cryptology, Second Edition incorporates new material concerning various eras in the long history of cryptology. Much has happened concerning the political aspects of cryptology since the first edition appeared. The still unfolding story is updated here. The first edition of this book contained chapters devoted to the cracking of German and Japanese systems during World War II. Now the other side of this cipher war is also told, that is, how the United States was able to come up with systems that were never broken. The text is in two parts. Part I presents classic cryptology from ancient times through World War II. Part II examines modern computer cryptology. With numerous real-world examples and extensive references, the author skillfully balances the history with mathematical details, providing readers with a sound foundation in this dynamic field. FEATURES Presents a chronological development of key concepts Includes the Vigenère cipher, the one-time pad, transposition ciphers, Jefferson’s wheel cipher, Playfair cipher, ADFGX, matrix encryption, Enigma, Purple, and other classic methods Looks at the work of Claude Shannon, the origin of the National Security Agency, elliptic curve cryptography, the Data Encryption Standard, the Advanced Encryption Standard, public-key cryptography, and many other topics New chapters detail SIGABA and SIGSALY, successful systems used during World War II for text and speech, respectively Includes quantum cryptography and the impact of quantum computers |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Unraveling the Voynich Codex Jules Janick, Arthur O. Tucker, 2018-08-16 Unraveling the Voynich Codex reviews the historical, botanical, zoological, and iconographic evidence related to the Voynich Codex, one of the most enigmatic historic texts of all time. The bizarre Voynich Codex has often been referred to as the most mysterious book in the world. Discovered in an Italian Catholic college in 1912 by a Polish book dealer Wilfrid Voynich, it was eventually bequeathed to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University. It contains symbolic language that has defied translation by eminent cryptologists. The codex is encyclopedic in scope and contains sections known as herbal, pharmaceutical, balenological (nude nymphs bathing in pools), astrological, cosmological and a final section of text that may be prescriptions but could be poetry or incantations. Because the vellum has been carbon dated to the early 15th century and the manuscript was known to be in the collection of Emperor Rudolf II of the Holy Roman Empire sometime between 1607 and 1622, current dogma had assumed it a European manuscript of the 15th century. However, based on identification of New World plants, animals, a mineral, as well as cities and volcanos of Central Mexico, the authors of this book reveal that the codex is clearly a document of colonial New Spain. Furthermore, the illustrator and author are identified as native to Mesoamerica based on a name and ligated initials in the first botanical illustration. This breakthrough in Voynich studies indicates that the failure to decipher the manuscript has been the result of a basic misinterpretation of its origin in time and place. Tentative assignment of the Voynichese symbols also provides a key to decipherment based on Mesoamerican languages. A document from this time, free from filter or censor from either Spanish or Inquisitorial authorities has major importance in our understanding of life in 16th century Mexico. Publisher's Note: For the eBook editions, Voynichese symbols are only rendered properly in the PDF format. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The New Atlantis , 2005 |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: 1: The Power of Three H L Dennis, 2013-05-02 Introducing an extraordinary series with real codes, real mysteries and real danger. A Da Vinci Code for kids ... Imagine the chance to solve the Voynich Manuscript - a puzzle that has truly defeated adults for centuries. It's an ancient manuscript no one has ever been able to decipher. And there are Rules that say it is forbidden to even try to solve it. A secret hidden for centuries. But Brodie Bray likes a challenge, and when she receives a coded message through the post her life changes for ever. She's chosen for a secret team working to crack this most complicated code in the world to uncover the secret it hides. But it's a code that has driven people mad trying to solve it. Together with her new friends, Brodie must break the rules to break the code, at every turn facing terrible danger. For someone is watching them - and will even kill to stop them. In this original new series, three children tackle real unsolved mysteries and struggle with real unbroken codes to get to the hidden truth. Enter the world of the Secret Breakers at http://hldennis.com/ Teachers' resources and full reading guide available here: http://hldennis.com/docs/HDreadingguide.pdf |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols) James R. Russell, 2021-02-08 The present volume is a collection of articles published by Professor James R. Russell of Harvard University, in various journals over the past decades. James Russell has been one of the pioneers in the field of Armenian and Iranian Studies, where he has demonstrated the importance of Iranian civilization for pre-Christian Armenia. The connection between the two civilizations has been part of the tireless work of Professor Russell, and I hope this publication shows the immense importance of his work for both Armenian and Iranian Studies. I would like to thank Professor Houri Berberian, Director of the UC Irvine Armenian Studies Program, as well as Mr. Mamigonian and the National Association for Armenian Studies and Research (NAASR), for supporting the publication of this book. This volume was previously published by the Jordan Center for Persian Studies, University of California – Irvine. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Voynich Manuscript Gerry Kennedy, Rob Churchill, 2005 The Voynich Manuscript is a vellum book containing 200 pages of undeciphered text and illustrations. The manuscript is suspected by some scholars to be the work of scientist-philosopher Roger Bacon. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Rohonc Code Benedek Láng, 2021-04-15 First discovered in a Hungarian library in 1838, the Rohonc Codex keeps privileged company with some of the most famous unsolved writing systems in the world, notably the Voynich manuscript, the Phaistos Disk, and Linear A. Written entirely in cipher, this 400-year-old, 450-page-long, richly illustrated manuscript initially gained considerable attention but was later dismissed as an apparent forgery. No serious scholar would study it again until the turn of the twenty-first century. This engaging narrative follows historian Benedek Láng’s search to uncover the truth about this thoroughly mysterious book that has puzzled dozens of codebreakers. Láng surveys the fascinating theories associated with the Codex and discusses possible interpretations of the manuscript as a biblical commentary, an apocryphal gospel, or a secret book written for and by a sect. He provides an overview of the secret writing systems known in early modern times and an account of the numerous efforts to create an artificial language or to find a long-lost perfect tongue—endeavors that were especially popular at the time the Codex was made. Lastly, he tests several codebreaking methods in order to decipher the Codex, finally pointing to a possible solution to the enigma of its content and language system. Engagingly written, academically grounded, and thoroughly compelling, The Rohonc Code will appeal to historians, scholars, and lay readers interested in mysteries, codes, and ciphers. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Cryptic Garry J. Shaw, 2025-06-18 An absorbing history of Europe’s nine most puzzling texts, including the biggest mystery of all: the Voynich Manuscript Books can change the world. They can influence, entertain, transport, and enlighten. But across the centuries, authors have disguised their work with codes and ciphers, secret scripts and magical signs. What made these authors decide to keep their writings secret? What were they trying to hide? Garry J. Shaw tells the stories of nine puzzling European texts. Shaw explores the unknown alphabet of the nun Hildegard of Bingen; the enciphered manuscripts of the prank-loving physician Giovanni Fontana; and the angel communications of the polymath John Dee. Along the way, we discover how the pioneers of science and medicine concealed their work, encounter demon magic and secret societies, and delve into the intricate symbolism of alchemists searching for the Philosopher’s Stone. This highly enjoyable account takes readers on a fascinating journey through Europe’s most cryptic writings—and attempts to shed new light on the biggest mystery of all: the Voynich Manuscript. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Duke and the Stars Monica Azzolini, 2013-01-14 The Duke and the Stars explores science and medicine as studied and practiced in fifteenth-century Italy, including how astrology was taught in relation to astronomy. It illustrates how the “predictive art” of astrology was often a critical, secretive source of information for Italian Renaissance rulers, particularly in times of crisis. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Hidden History Brian Haughton, 2007-01-15 An archaeologist explores history’s most fascinating enigmas, from the ancient Druids to the mysteries of the Mayan calendar and the lost city of Atlantis. Across thousands of years of history, so-called lost civilizations still speak to us through their artifacts and architecture. In Hidden History, archaeologist Brian Haughton fills the gap between archaeology and alternative history using the latest available data and a common sense, open-minded approach. Divided into three sections, this expertly researched volume shares the secrets of Mysterious Places, Unexplained Artifacts, and Enigmatic People. Haughton introduces readers to the greatest mysteries of the ancient world, from the labyrinthine palace of Knossos on Crete to the pyramids of Egypt, the remote jungle temples of Peru, and the megalithic mystery of Stonehenge. But he also goes further to explore historical puzzles like the Coso Artifact, the possibility of ancient flight, and the Voynich Manuscript, as well as mysterious peoples from the Magi and the Druids to the Knights Templar and the Green Children. With more than 50 photographs and illustrations, this is the ideal reference work for those interested in the archaeology of these great enigmas. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Uncracked Codes and Ciphers Vance Gortman, 2016-03-14 The greatest unsolved problems that are, or are thought to be, codes or ciphers. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Confessions of a Young Novelist Umberto Eco, 2011-04-25 Umberto Eco published his first novel, The Name of the Rose, in 1980, when he was nearly fifty. In these “confessions,” the author, now in his late seventies, looks back on his long career as a theorist and his more recent work as a novelist, and explores their fruitful conjunction. He begins by exploring the boundary between fiction and nonfiction—playfully, seriously, brilliantly roaming across this frontier. Good nonfiction, he believes, is crafted like a whodunnit, and a skilled novelist builds precisely detailed worlds through observation and research. Taking us on a tour of his own creative method, Eco recalls how he designed his fictional realms. He began with specific images, made choices of period, location, and voice, composed stories that would appeal to both sophisticated and popular readers. The blending of the real and the fictive extends to the inhabitants of such invented worlds. Why are we moved to tears by a character’s plight? In what sense do Anna Karenina, Gregor Samsa, and Leopold Bloom “exist”? At once a medievalist, philosopher, and scholar of modern literature, Eco astonishes above all when he considers the pleasures of enumeration. He shows that the humble list, the potentially endless series, enables us to glimpse the infinite and approach the ineffable. This “young novelist” is a master who has wise things to impart about the art of fiction and the power of words. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Source Michael Cordy, 2009-10-06 Fans of Dan Brown and Michael Crichton will love this tense and heart-stopping thriller from bestselling author Michael Cordy. An all singing, all dancing, cover-to-cover thrills and spills action adventure - DAILY MIRROR Delivers right down the line from initial conceit, through fast action to explosive finale...sheer entertainment -- OBSERVER Loved it. I was hooked from page one and could not put this book down. -- ***** Reader review DaVinci meets Indiana Jones.....brilliant...just brilliant. -- ***** Reader review A great read and such a page-turner that I read it in two installments with bedtime as the cause for the only break. -- ***** Reader review ***************************************************************** IT'S NOT A MYTH. IT EXISTS. FIND IT. Ambitious geologist Ross Kelly has it all: a lucrative career searching for oil across the world and a beautiful, brilliant wife, Lauren, pregnant with their first child. But when Lauren, a Yale academic, deciphers the university's mysterious Voynich manuscript, which has confounded experts for centuries, everything changes. An attempt to steal her translation of the Voynich leaves Lauren hovering on the brink of death, and Ross in the depths of despair. He seeks salvation in the ancient manuscript, which chronicles the discovery of a mythic, fabulous garden: an Eden so terrible and miraculous it rewrites the book of Genesis. The possibility of the garden's existence offers Ross the only hope of saving Lauren and their unborn child and so he decides to seek the garden out before it is too late. But he is not alone. Racing against time, a lethal assassin and a fanatical priest desperate to claim the miraculous garden for his church, Ross's quest will lead him to a place that will challenge everything he ever thought about the source of life on earth. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Vector Calculus and Linear Algebra Oliver Knill, 2025-04-30 This book covers vector calculus up to the integral theorems; linear algebra up to the spectral theorem; and harmonic analysis until the Dirichlet theorem on convergence of Fourier series with applications to partial differential equations. It also contains a unique introduction to proofs, while providing a solid foundation in understanding the proof techniques better.The book incorporates fundamentals from advanced calculus and linear algebra but it is still accessible to a rather general student audience.Students will find materials that are usually left out like differential forms in calculus, the Taylor theorem in arbitrary dimensions or the Jordan normal form in linear algebra, the convergence proof of Fourier series, and how to do calculus on discrete networks.The contents of this book were used to teach in a two-semester course at Harvard University during fall 2018 and spring 2019. For the last 30 years, Oliver Knill has taught calculus, linear algebra, probability theory and differential equations starting at ETH Zürich, moving onward to Caltech, and the University of Arizona, and ever since 2000, at Harvard. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Man Who Broke Purple Ronald Clark, 2011-10-28 Purple The Code used by the Japanese prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbour . . . Did the Americans have advance information of the devastation to come? Had they cracked Purple . . ? Colonel William Friedman was 'the man who broke purple': this fascinating new biography of the world's greatest cryptographer reveals many new facts of the intriguing 'secret war' carried on by Intelligence departments in many countries. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Voynich , 2017-06-25 This work contains the full color reproduction of the Voynich Manuscript. Image quality in very high definition; Making the characters and details extremely readable (even the smallest ones) for the very first time. The paper is of superior quality for an optimal duration in time. This magnificent book has been made for both amateurs and cryptologists to try to break the code of the still undecodable manuscript to this day ... Are you the one who will succeed in breaking the code of Voynich's manuscript? |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Flower of Battle , 2018-07-12 The Flower of Battle is Colin Hatcher's translation of Fiore dei Liberi's art of combat from the early 15th century. The work included high-resolution images and English text laid out in the manner of the original. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: A Rare Book Saga Hans Peter Kraus, 1978 |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: PopCo Scarlett Thomas, 2008-10-30 Alice Butler has been receiving some odd messages - all anonymous, all written in code. Are they from someone at PopCo, the profit-hungry corporation she works for? Or from Alice's long lost father? Or has someone else been on her trail? The solution, she is sure, will involve the code-breaking skills she learned from her grandparents and the key she's been wearing round her neck since she was ten. PopCo is a grown-up adventure of family secrets, puzzles, big business and the power of numbers. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Masquerade Kit Williams, 1980 On his way to deliver a splendid necklace to the Sun from the Moon, Jack Hare is diverted by a series of odd characters and when he finally reaches his destination he realizes that the necklace is missing. The reader is invited to answer several riddles and solve the mystery from clues given in the text. |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Gabriel Gate's Good Food for Men Gabriel Gaté, 1998 |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada Seymour de Ricci, William Jerome Wilson, 1961 |
| solution of the voynich manuscript: The Missing Link Andre Steven Madrid , the answers are coming |
SOLUTION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of SOLUTION is an action or process of solving a problem. How to use solution in a sentence.
Solution (chemistry) - Wikipedia
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is …
SOLUTION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
SOLUTION definition: 1. the answer to a problem: 2. a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another…. Learn more.
Solution - definition of solution by The Free Dictionary
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two substances—that is, it has the same distribution of particles throughout. Technically speaking, a solution consists of a mixture of one or more …
Solution | Definition & Examples | Britannica
solution, in chemistry, a homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility. The term solution is …
What is a Solution? - BYJU'S
What is a Solution? A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm. Common examples of solutions are sugar in water and salt …
solution noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of solution noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. [countable] a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation synonym answer. Attempts to find a …
Solution - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
A solution is all about solving or dissolving. If you find an answer to a question, both the answer and how you got there is the solution. If you dissolve a solid into a liquid, you've created a …
What does SOLUTION mean? - Definitions.net
In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. The …
SOLUTION definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
A solution is a liquid or solid which is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gas in the pure liquid or solid. A solution which does not dissolve any more solute is described as being supersaturated.
SOLUTION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of SOLUTION is an action or process of solving a problem. How to use solution in a sentence.
Solution (chemistry) - Wikipedia
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is …
SOLUTION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
SOLUTION definition: 1. the answer to a problem: 2. a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another…. Learn more.
Solution - definition of solution by The Free Dictionary
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two substances—that is, it has the same distribution of particles throughout. Technically speaking, a solution consists of a mixture of one or more …
Solution | Definition & Examples | Britannica
solution, in chemistry, a homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility. The term solution is …
What is a Solution? - BYJU'S
What is a Solution? A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm. Common examples of solutions are sugar in water and salt …
solution noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of solution noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. [countable] a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation synonym answer. Attempts to find a …
Solution - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
A solution is all about solving or dissolving. If you find an answer to a question, both the answer and how you got there is the solution. If you dissolve a solid into a liquid, you've created a …
What does SOLUTION mean? - Definitions.net
In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. The …
SOLUTION definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
A solution is a liquid or solid which is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gas in the pure liquid or solid. A solution which does not dissolve any more solute is described as being supersaturated.
