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| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Health and Incarceration National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on the Health of Select Populations, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Law and Justice, Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration, 2013-08-08 Over the past four decades, the rate of incarceration in the United States has skyrocketed to unprecedented heights, both historically and in comparison to that of other developed nations. At far higher rates than the general population, those in or entering U.S. jails and prisons are prone to many health problems. This is a problem not just for them, but also for the communities from which they come and to which, in nearly all cases, they will return. Health and Incarceration is the summary of a workshop jointly sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences(NAS) Committee on Law and Justice and the Institute of Medicine(IOM) Board on Health and Select Populations in December 2012. Academics, practitioners, state officials, and nongovernmental organization representatives from the fields of healthcare, prisoner advocacy, and corrections reviewed what is known about these health issues and what appear to be the best opportunities to improve healthcare for those who are now or will be incarcerated. The workshop was designed as a roundtable with brief presentations from 16 experts and time for group discussion. Health and Incarceration reviews what is known about the health of incarcerated individuals, the healthcare they receive, and effects of incarceration on public health. This report identifies opportunities to improve healthcare for these populations and provides a platform for visions of how the world of incarceration health can be a better place. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: The Effects of Incarceration and Reentry on Community Health and Well-Being National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity, 2020-04-17 The high rate of incarceration in the United States contributes significantly to the nation's health inequities, extending beyond those who are imprisoned to families, communities, and the entire society. Since the 1970s, there has been a seven-fold increase in incarceration. This increase and the effects of the post-incarceration reentry disproportionately affect low-income families and communities of color. It is critical to examine the criminal justice system through a new lens and explore opportunities for meaningful improvements that will promote health equity in the United States. The National Academies convened a workshop on June 6, 2018 to investigate the connection between incarceration and health inequities to better understand the distributive impact of incarceration on low-income families and communities of color. Topics of discussion focused on the experience of incarceration and reentry, mass incarceration as a public health issue, women's health in jails and prisons, the effects of reentry on the individual and the community, and promising practices and models for reentry. The programs and models that are described in this publication are all Philadelphia-based because Philadelphia has one of the highest rates of incarceration of any major American city. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: A Human Rights Approach to Prison Management Andrew Coyle, 2009 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Inside Private Prisons Lauren-Brooke Eisen, 2017-11-07 When the tough-on-crime politics of the 1980s overcrowded state prisons, private companies saw potential profit in building and operating correctional facilities. Today more than a hundred thousand of the 1.5 million incarcerated Americans are held in private prisons in twenty-nine states and federal corrections. Private prisons are criticized for making money off mass incarceration—to the tune of $5 billion in annual revenue. Based on Lauren-Brooke Eisen’s work as a prosecutor, journalist, and attorney at policy think tanks, Inside Private Prisons blends investigative reportage and quantitative and historical research to analyze privatized corrections in America. From divestment campaigns to boardrooms to private immigration-detention centers across the Southwest, Eisen examines private prisons through the eyes of inmates, their families, correctional staff, policymakers, activists, Immigration and Customs Enforcement employees, undocumented immigrants, and the executives of America’s largest private prison corporations. Private prisons have become ground zero in the anti-mass-incarceration movement. Universities have divested from these companies, political candidates hesitate to accept their campaign donations, and the Department of Justice tried to phase out its contracts with them. On the other side, impoverished rural towns often try to lure the for-profit prison industry to build facilities and create new jobs. Neither an endorsement or a demonization, Inside Private Prisons details the complicated and perverse incentives rooted in the industry, from mandatory bed occupancy to vested interests in mass incarceration. If private prisons are here to stay, how can we fix them? This book is a blueprint for policymakers to reform practices and for concerned citizens to understand our changing carceral landscape. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Drug War, American Style Jurg Gerber, Eric L. Jensen, 2001 First Published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Revoked Allison Frankel, 2020 [The report] finds that supervision -– probation and parole -– drives high numbers of people, disproportionately those who are Black and brown, right back to jail or prison, while in large part failing to help them get needed services and resources. In states examined in the report, people are often incarcerated for violating the rules of their supervision or for low-level crimes, and receive disproportionate punishment following proceedings that fail to adequately protect their fair trial rights.--Publisher website. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Communities in Action National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States, 2017-03-27 In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Solutions Joe Biden, Cory Booker, Chris Christie, Hillary Rodham Clinton, 2015-04-27 Mass incarceration. In recent years it's become clear that the size of America's prison population is unsustainable -- and isn't needed to protect public safety. In this remarkable bipartisan collaboration, the country's most prominent public figures and experts join together to propose ideas for change. In these original essays, many authors speak out for the first time on the issue. The vast majority agree that reducing our incarcerated population is a priority. Marking a clear political shift on crime and punishment in America, these sentiments are a far cry from politicians racing to be the most punitive in the 1980s and 1990s. Mass incarceration threatens American democracy. Hiding in plain sight, it drives economic inequality, racial injustice, and poverty. How do we achieve change? From using federal funding to bolster police best practices to allowing for the release of low-level offenders while they wait for trial, from eliminating prison for low-level drug crimes to increasing drug and mental health treatment, the ideas in this book pave a way forward. Solutions promises to further the intellectual and political momentum to reform our justice system. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Managing Prisons in a Time of Change Andrew Coyle, 2002 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Imprisoning Communities : How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse City University of New York Todd R Clear Distinguished Professor John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 2007-06-29 At no time in history, and certainly in no other democratic society, have prisons been filled so quickly and to such capacity than in the United States. And nowhere has this growth been more concentrated than in the disadvantaged--and primarily minority--neighborhoods of America's largest urban cities. In the most impoverished places, as much as 20% of the adult men are locked up on any given day, and there is hardly a family without a father, son, brother, or uncle who has not been behind bars. While the effects of going to and returning home from prison are well-documented, little attention has been paid to the impact of removal on neighborhoods where large numbers of individuals have been imprisoned. In the first detailed, empirical exploration of the effects of mass incarceration on poor places, Imprisoning Communities demonstrates that in high doses incarceration contributes to the very social problems it is intended to solve: it breaks up family and social networks; deprives siblings, spouses, and parents of emotional and financial support; and threatens the economic and political infrastructure of already struggling neighborhoods. Especially at risk are children who, research shows, are more likely to commit a crime if a father or brother has been to prison. Clear makes the counterintuitive point that when incarceration concentrates at high levels, crime rates will go up. Removal, in other words, has exactly the opposite of its intended effect: it destabilizes the community, thus further reducing public safety. Demonstrating that the current incarceration policy in urban America does more harm than good, from increasing crime to widening racial disparities and diminished life chances for youths, Todd Clear argues that we cannot overcome the problem of mass incarceration concentrated in poor places without incorporating an idea of community justice into our failing correctional and criminal justice systems. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education Lois M. Davis, 2013-08-21 After conducting a comprehensive literature search, the authors undertook a meta-analysis to examine the association between correctional education and reductions in recidivism, improvements in employment after release from prison, and other outcomes. The study finds that receiving correctional education while incarcerated reduces inmates' risk of recidivating and may improve their odds of obtaining employment after release from prison. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Treating Drug Problems , 1990 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: The Culture of Control David Garland, 2012-07-16 The past 30 years have seen vast changes in our attitudes toward crime. More and more of us live in gated communities; prison populations have skyrocketed; and issues such as racial profiling, community policing, and zero-tolerance policies dominate the headlines. How is it that our response to crime and our sense of criminal justice has come to be so dramatically reconfigured? David Garland charts the changes in crime and criminal justice in America and Britain over the past twenty-five years, showing how they have been shaped by two underlying social forces: the distinctive social organization of late modernity and the neoconservative politics that came to dominate the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Garland explains how the new policies of crime and punishment, welfare and security—and the changing class, race, and gender relations that underpin them—are linked to the fundamental problems of governing contemporary societies, as states, corporations, and private citizens grapple with a volatile economy and a culture that combines expanded personal freedom with relaxed social controls. It is the risky, unfixed character of modern life that underlies our accelerating concern with control and crime control in particular. It is not just crime that has changed; society has changed as well, and this transformation has reshaped criminological thought, public policy, and the cultural meaning of crime and criminals. David Garland's The Culture of Control offers a brilliant guide to this process and its still-reverberating consequences. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Human Rights Behind Bars Clara Burbano Herrera, Yves Haeck, 2022-11-14 This book brings together leading authorities from the fields of international human rights law, criminology, legal medicine, and political science with international human rights judges and UN experts to analyze the current situation of detainees in Europe, the Americas and Africa. This comprehensive volume offers a platform for reflecting on the complexity of the prison problem from a multidisciplinary perspective. The authors address detention-related issues with the aim of generating new ideas that contribute to both academic discussion and critical analysis. Academic dialogue across the globe provides insights into various national and international carceral systems and how they deal with human rights behind bars. At the same time, the critical comparison helps to identify basic needs and practices that can work in multiple settings. The contributors are respected experts and leading scholars in their fields, and each has pursued prison and human rights research over the last decades. However, this is the first time that they have come together in a multidisciplinary academic project. This book aims to stimulate diverse actors to imagine alternative ways of engaging with persons deprived of their liberty, in academia and in practice. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: War and Cultural Heritage Marie Louise Stig Sørensen, Dacia Viejo-Rose, 2015-03-30 This book explores the relationship between cultural heritage and conflict through the use of new empirical evidence and critical theory and by focusing on postconflict scenarios. It includes in-depth case studies and analytic reflections on the common threads and wider implications of the agency of cultural heritage in postconflict scenarios. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Handbook on Prisoner File Management , 2008 This handbook discusses the importance of effective prisoner file management, illustrating the consequences of poor or non-existent management. It will be of particular relevance to prison systems that do not have electronic systems for managing files. It outlines the key international human rights standards that apply to prisoner and detainee file management. It also summarizes and illustrates the key requirements of prison systems in relation to prisoner and detainee file management in order to meet international human rights standards and how these might be met. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Emerging Issues on Privatized Prisons James Austin, 2001 This report discusses the findings of a nationwide study on the use of private prisons in the United States. The number of these prisons grew enormously between 1987 and 1998, with proponents suggesting that allowing facilities to be operated by the private sector could result in cost reductions of 20%. The study examined the historical factors that gave rise to the higher incarceration rates, fueling the privatization movement, and the role played by the private sector in the prison system. It outlines the arguments, both in support of and opposition to, privatized prisons, reviews current literature on the subject, and examines issues that will have an impact on future privatizations. The report concludes that, rather than the projected 20-percent savings, the average saving from privatization was only about 1 percent, and most of that was achieved through lower labor costs. Nevertheless, there were indications that the mere prospect of privatization had a positive effect on prison administration, making it more responsive to reform. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: The Social Reintegration of Offenders and Crime Prevention Curt Taylor Griffiths, Yvon Dandurand, Danielle Murdoch, 2007 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: When Prisoners Come Home Joan Petersilia, 2003-03-20 Every year, hundreds of thousands of jailed Americans leave prison and return to society. Largely uneducated, unskilled, often without family support, and with the stigma of a prison record hanging over them, many if not most will experience serious social and psychological problems after release. Fewer than one in three prisoners receive substance abuse or mental health treatment while incarcerated, and each year fewer and fewer participate in the dwindling number of vocational or educational pre-release programs, leaving many all but unemployable. Not surprisingly, the great majority is rearrested, most within six months of their release. What happens when all those sent down the river come back up--and out? As long as there have been prisons, society has struggled with how best to help prisoners reintegrate once released. But the current situation is unprecedented. As a result of the quadrupling of the American prison population in the last quarter century, the number of returning offenders dwarfs anything in America's history. What happens when a large percentage of inner-city men, mostly Black and Hispanic, are regularly extracted, imprisoned, and then returned a few years later in worse shape and with dimmer prospects than when they committed the crime resulting in their imprisonment? What toll does this constant churning exact on a community? And what do these trends portend for public safety? A crisis looms, and the criminal justice and social welfare system is wholly unprepared to confront it. Drawing on dozens of interviews with inmates, former prisoners, and prison officials, Joan Petersilia convincingly shows us how the current system is failing, and failing badly. Unwilling merely to sound the alarm, Petersilia explores the harsh realities of prisoner reentry and offers specific solutions to prepare inmates for release, reduce recidivism, and restore them to full citizenship, while never losing sight of the demands of public safety. As the number of ex-convicts in America continues to grow, their systemic marginalization threatens the very society their imprisonment was meant to protect. America spent the last decade debating who should go to prison and for how long. Now it's time to decide what to do when prisoners come home. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Defending Freedom of Contract: Constitutional Solutions to Resolve the Political Divide Patrick Bohan, 2019-06-13 The progressive movement that began in the late nineteenth century was a nonviolent coup d'état changing the United States of America from a republic that promoted equal rights for all to a democracy where the majority rules. As a result, moral and social justice was and is used by the federal government to protect the rights of some while mitigating the rights of others. Patrick Bohan, who has studied constitutional law in depth, examines the revolution in detail in this treatise, demonstrating how freedom of contract can be applied to protect the fundamental rights of each citizen equally. The author evaluates hundreds of laws, cases, and examples of justice gone wrong for issues such as slavery, abortion rights, elections, welfare rights, free speech, freedom of religion, civil rights, property rights, contract rights, gay rights, alien rights, and other important topics that polarize Americans. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: The Prison Industrial Complex Angela Davis, 2000-03-24 Ex Black Panther and now a leading academic dissident, Angela Davis has long been at the fore of the fight against the expansion of prisons. In this recent talk she reviews the background for the current prison building binge, the effects of mass incarceration on communities of colour, and particularly women of colour who are now one of the fastest growing segments of the US prison population. she also offers a personal view of her own time in prison and the imprisonment of others close to her. Double compact disc. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Prison Capital Lydia Pelot-Hobbs, 2023-10-16 Every year between 1998 to 2020 except one, Louisiana had the highest per capita rate of incarceration in the nation and thus the world. This is the first detailed account of Louisiana’s unprecedented turn to mass incarceration from 1970 to 2020. Through extensive research, Lydia Pelot-Hobbs illuminates how policy makers enlarged Louisiana’s carceral infrastructures with new prisons and jail expansions alongside the bulking up of police and prosecutorial power. At the same time, these infrastructures were the products of multiscalar crises: the swings of global oil capitalism, liberal federal court and policy interventions, the rise of neoliberal governance and law-and-order austerity, and racist and patriarchal moral panics surrounding “crime.” However, these crises have also created fertile space for anticarceral social movements. From incarcerated people filing conditions of confinement lawsuits and Angola activists challenging life without parole to grassroots organizers struggling to shrink the New Orleans jail following Hurricane Katrina and LGBTQ youth of color organizing against police sexual violence, grassroots movements stretch us toward new geographies of freedom in the lineage of abolition democracy. Understanding Louisiana’s carceral crisis extends our understanding of the interplay between the crises of mass criminalization and racial capitalism while highlighting the conditions of possibility for dismantling carceral power in all its forms. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Qualitative Data Analysis with NVivo Patricia Bazeley, 2007-04-12 `In plain language but with very thorough detail, this book guides the researcher who really wants to use the NVivo software (and use it now) into their project. The way is lit with real-project examples, adorned with tricks and tips, but it’s a clear path to a project' - Lyn Richards, Founder and Non-Executive Director, QSR International Doing Qualitative Data Analysis with NVivo is essential reading for anyone thinking of using their computer to help analyze qualitative data. With 15 years experience in computer-assisted analysis of qualitative and mixed-mode data, Patricia Bazeley is one of the leaders in the use and teaching of NVivo software. Through this very practical book, readers are guided on how best to make use of the powerful and flexible tools offered by the latest version of NVivo as they work through each stage of their research projects. Explanations draw on examples from her own and others' projects, and are supported by the methodological literature. Researchers have different requirements and come to their data from different perspectives. This book shows how NVivo software can accommodate and assist analysis across those different perspectives and methodological approaches. It is required reading for both students and experienced researchers alike. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Incarceration Nation Peter K. Enns, 2016-03-22 Incarceration Nation demonstrates that the US public played a critical role in the rise of mass incarceration in this country. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Imprisonment Worldwide Andrew Coyle, Helen Fair, Jessica Jacobson, Roy Walmsley, 2016-06-29 Providing a comprehensive account of prison populations worldwide, this new work links prison statistics from the last 15 years with considerations of how prisons and prison populations are managed. It is a major contribution to the knowledge of those currently debating prisons and the use of imprisonment. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: The Future of Corrections John Phillips Conrad, 1969 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Durable Solutions Carolin Funke, 2022-02-11 Focusing on Georgia, this book presents a theoretical and empirical study on the implementation of durable solutions for internally displaced persons (IDPs). Building on extensive field research, it describes and explains the considerable problems which Georgia faces in establishing global norms, as well as the ongoing hardship that IDPs experience. Importantly, the book reveals the simultaneous progress and setbacks in implementing durable solutions. Successfully combining approaches from humanistic studies, international relations, and organizational sociology, this book explains the interaction of norms and actors at and among three societal levels: the international, national, and local. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: The Prison System and Its Effects Antony Taylor, 2008 This book traces the fascinating development of the New Zealand Prison System which includes the history of penology prior to the phenomenon coming there. But this book is not only a history: it is also an exploration of more complex managerial and social issues concerning crime and its treatment, including the interweaving of different penal policies that have brought the situation to where it is today. As such, it raises psychological issues of isolation in all shades of confinement, captivity, and deprivation that will appeal to everyone who is trying to grapple with the administrative, clinical, and legal problems they create. The work also traces the origins of imprisonment as a strategy used by rulers and ruling classes to retain their power, and more recently by duly elected governments to maintain social control and good order in their communities. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Beyond the Prison Industrial Complex Kevin Wehr, Elyshia Aseltine, 2013-06-26 This short text, ideal for Social Problems and Criminal Justice courses, examines the American prison system, its conditions, and its impact on society. Wehr and Aseltine define the prison industrial complex and explain how the current prison system is a contemporary social problem. They conclude by using California as a case study, and propose alternatives and alterations to the prison system. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Prison Worlds Didier Fassin, 2016-11-02 The prison is a recent invention, hardly more than two centuries old, yet it has become the universal system of punishment. How can we understand the place that the correctional system occupies in contemporary societies? What are the experiences of those who are incarcerated as well as those who work there? To answer these questions, Didier Fassin conducted a four-year-long study in a French short-stay prison, following inmates from their trial to their release. He shows how the widespread use of imprisonment has reinforced social and racial inequalities and how advances in civil rights clash with the rationales and practices used to maintain security and order. He also analyzes the concerns and compromises of the correctional staff, the hardships and resistance of the inmates, and the ways in which life on the inside intersects with life on the outside. In the end, the carceral condition appears to be irreducible to other forms of penalty both because of the chain of privations it entails and because of the experience of meaninglessness it comprises. Examined through ethnographic lenses, prison worlds are thus both a reflection of society and its mirror. At a time when many countries have begun to realize the impasse of mass incarceration and question the consequences of the punitive turn, this book will provide empirical and theoretical tools to reflect on the meaning of punishment in contemporary societies. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Introduction to Forensic Psychology Curt R. Bartol, Anne M. Bartol, 2018-01-16 The text provides a great, general overview of different areas of criminal and civil forensic psychology. —Apryl Alexander, PsyD, Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Denver Written by authors with extensive experience in the field and in the classroom, Introduction to Forensic Psychology: Research and Application, Fifth Edition demonstrates how to analyze psychological knowledge and research findings and then apply these findings to the civil and criminal justice systems. Focusing on research-based forensic practice and practical application, this text uses real-life examples and case law discussions to define and explore forensic psychology. This text introduces students to emerging specializations within forensic psychology, including investigative psychology, family forensic psychology, and police and public safety psychology. Students will develop a multicultural perspective with an ethnic and racial sensitivity, which is critical to the successful practice of forensic psychology. New to the Fifth Edition: Updated statistics, research, and case law, such as recent Aid in Dying legislation, as well as analysis of recent events, help students see the real-world applications to current events. Updated Focus boxes empower students to dig deeper into current issues, such as mental health courts, community-oriented policing, child abduction, hate crimes, the death penalty, and more. All Focus boxes also contain discussion questions for students to debate in a classroom setting. All new From My Perspective boxes provide students with information about career choices as well as helpful advice about pursuing their goals. Increased attention to immigration-related issues offers students additional insights into immigration proceedings and ways to consult with the courts. Additional coverage of human trafficking and online sexual predators enables students to better understand the psychological effects on victims and the services available to help. Current research on violent video games, cyberbullying, and cyberstalking provides real examples of the effects of violent media. New research on juveniles allows students to see the important contributions of neuropsychologists, particularly in terms of brain development in adolescents and promising community-based treatment approaches for juveniles. SAGE edge offers a robust online environment featuring an impressive array of free tools and resources for review, study, and further exploration, keeping both instructors and students on the cutting edge of teaching and learning. Learn more at edge.sagepub.com/bartol5e. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Imprisonment Today and Tomorrow D Van Zijl-Smit, Frieder Dünkel, 1991-03 This book describes the purposes and other aspects of imprisonment in various societies, addressing broad questions of penal policy. Twenty-three national overviews generally discuss quantitative developments, types of prisons, organisational structures, the legal framework and specific problems such as complaints procedures, judicial control of prison administration, medical treatment of prisoners, prison labour, visits and outside contacts, security measures, control of the early release of sentenced prisoners, etc. The country reports included are: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England and Wales, Federal Republic of Germany, France, German Democratic Republic, Hong Kong, Hungary, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, The People's Republic of China, Poland, Scotland, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States and the United Nations. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Federal-state-local Solutions to Crime and Drug Abuse United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on General Services, Federalism, and the District of Columbia, 1989 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Encyclopedia of Community Corrections Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa, 2012-04-17 In response to recognition in the late 1960s and early 1970s that traditional incarceration was not working, alternatives to standard prison settings were sought and developed. One of those alternatives—community-based corrections—had been conceived in the 1950s as a system that might prove more progressive, humane, and effective, particularly with people who had committed less serious criminal offenses and for whom incarceration, with constant exposure to serious offenders and career criminals, might prove more damaging than rehabilitative. The alternative of community corrections has evolved to become a substantial part of the criminal justice and correctional system, spurred in recent years not so much by a progressive, humane philosophy as by dramatically increasing prison populations, court orders to fix overextended prison settings, and an economic search for cost savings. Although community correction programs have been in place for some 40 years now, to date no comprehensive reference resource has tackled this topic. Accessible and jargon-free and available in both print and electronic formats, the one-volume Encyclopedia of Community Corrections will explore all aspects of community corrections, from its philosophical foundation to its current inception. Features & Benefits: 150 signed entries (each with Cross References and Further Readings) are organized in A-to-Z fashion to give students easy access to the full range of topics in community corrections. A thematic Reader's Guide in the front matter groups entries by broad topical or thematic areas to make it easy for users to find related entries at a glance. In the electronic version, the Reader's Guide combines with a detailed Index and the Cross References to provide users with convenient search-and-browse capacities. A Chronology in the back matter helps students put individual events into broader historical context. A Glossary provides students with concise definitions to key terms in the field. A Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and web sites (along with the Further Readings accompanying each entry) guides students to further resources in their research journeys. An Appendix offers statistics from the Bureau of Justice. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Behind Bars Jeffrey Ian Ross, Stephen C. Richards, 2002 Best ways to avoid being beaten, sexually abused, or getting killed; US origin. |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Correctional Policy United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice, 1985 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: The G.A.O Journal , 1989 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: The Population Bomb Paul R. Ehrlich, 1971 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Federal Bureau of Prisons United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice, 1986 |
| solutions to overpopulation in prisons: Governing through Crime in South Africa Gail Super, 2016-04-22 This book deals with the historic transition to democracy in South Africa and its impact upon crime and punishment. It examines how the problem of crime has emerged as a major issue to be governed in post-apartheid South Africa. Having undergone a dramatic transition from authoritarianism to democracy, from a white minority to black majority government, South Africa provides rich material on the role that political authority, and challenges to it, play in the construction of crime and criminality. As such, the study is about the socio-cultural and political significance of crime and punishment in the context of a change of regime. The work uses the South African case study to examine a question of wider interest, namely the politics of punishment and race in neoliberalizing regimes. It provides interesting and illuminating empirical material to the broader debate on crime control in post-welfare/neoliberalizing/post transition polities. |
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