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| statistical sleuth in r: The Statistical Sleuth Fred L. Ramsey, Daniel W. Schafer, 2002 Prepare for exams and succeed in your statistics course with this comprehensive solutions manual! Featuring worked out-solutions to the problems in THE STATISTICAL SLEUTH: A COURSE IN METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS, 2nd Edition, this manual shows you how to approach and solve problems using the same step-by-step explanations found in your textbook examples. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Using R for Introductory Statistics John Verzani, 2018-10-03 The second edition of a bestselling textbook, Using R for Introductory Statistics guides students through the basics of R, helping them overcome the sometimes steep learning curve. The author does this by breaking the material down into small, task-oriented steps. The second edition maintains the features that made the first edition so popular, while updating data, examples, and changes to R in line with the current version. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Increased emphasis on more idiomatic R provides a grounding in the functionality of base R. Discussions of the use of RStudio helps new R users avoid as many pitfalls as possible. Use of knitr package makes code easier to read and therefore easier to reason about. Additional information on computer-intensive approaches motivates the traditional approach. Updated examples and data make the information current and topical. The book has an accompanying package, UsingR, available from CRAN, R’s repository of user-contributed packages. The package contains the data sets mentioned in the text (data(package=UsingR)), answers to selected problems (answers()), a few demonstrations (demo()), the errata (errata()), and sample code from the text. The topics of this text line up closely with traditional teaching progression; however, the book also highlights computer-intensive approaches to motivate the more traditional approach. The authors emphasize realistic data and examples and rely on visualization techniques to gather insight. They introduce statistics and R seamlessly, giving students the tools they need to use R and the information they need to navigate the sometimes complex world of statistical computing. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Bayesian Computation with R Jim Albert, 2009-04-20 There has been dramatic growth in the development and application of Bayesian inference in statistics. Berger (2000) documents the increase in Bayesian activity by the number of published research articles, the number of books,andtheextensivenumberofapplicationsofBayesianarticlesinapplied disciplines such as science and engineering. One reason for the dramatic growth in Bayesian modeling is the availab- ity of computational algorithms to compute the range of integrals that are necessary in a Bayesian posterior analysis. Due to the speed of modern c- puters, it is now possible to use the Bayesian paradigm to ?t very complex models that cannot be ?t by alternative frequentist methods. To ?t Bayesian models, one needs a statistical computing environment. This environment should be such that one can: write short scripts to de?ne a Bayesian model use or write functions to summarize a posterior distribution use functions to simulate from the posterior distribution construct graphs to illustrate the posterior inference An environment that meets these requirements is the R system. R provides a wide range of functions for data manipulation, calculation, and graphical d- plays. Moreover, it includes a well-developed, simple programming language that users can extend by adding new functions. Many such extensions of the language in the form of packages are easily downloadable from the Comp- hensive R Archive Network (CRAN). |
| statistical sleuth in r: An Introduction to Programming and Numerical Methods in MATLAB Steve Otto, James P. Denier, 2005-12-06 An elementary first course for students in mathematics and engineering Practical in approach: examples of code are provided for students to debug, and tasks – with full solutions – are provided at the end of each chapter Includes a glossary of useful terms, with each term supported by an example of the syntaxes commonly encountered |
| statistical sleuth in r: Regression Modelling wih Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Data Robert P. Haining, Guangquan Li, 2020-01-27 Modelling Spatial and Spatial-Temporal Data: A Bayesian Approach is aimed at statisticians and quantitative social, economic and public health students and researchers who work with spatial and spatial-temporal data. It assumes a grounding in statistical theory up to the standard linear regression model. The book compares both hierarchical and spatial econometric modelling, providing both a reference and a teaching text with exercises in each chapter. The book provides a fully Bayesian, self-contained, treatment of the underlying statistical theory, with chapters dedicated to substantive applications. The book includes WinBUGS code and R code and all datasets are available online. Part I covers fundamental issues arising when modelling spatial and spatial-temporal data. Part II focuses on modelling cross-sectional spatial data and begins by describing exploratory methods that help guide the modelling process. There are then two theoretical chapters on Bayesian models and a chapter of applications. Two chapters follow on spatial econometric modelling, one describing different models, the other substantive applications. Part III discusses modelling spatial-temporal data, first introducing models for time series data. Exploratory methods for detecting different types of space-time interaction are presented followed by two chapters on the theory of space-time separable (without space-time interaction) and inseparable (with space-time interaction) models. An applications chapter includes: the evaluation of a policy intervention; analysing the temporal dynamics of crime hotspots; chronic disease surveillance; and testing for evidence of spatial spillovers in the spread of an infectious disease. A final chapter suggests some future directions and challenges. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Beyond Multiple Linear Regression Paul Roback, Julie Legler, 2021-01-14 Beyond Multiple Linear Regression: Applied Generalized Linear Models and Multilevel Models in R is designed for undergraduate students who have successfully completed a multiple linear regression course, helping them develop an expanded modeling toolkit that includes non-normal responses and correlated structure. Even though there is no mathematical prerequisite, the authors still introduce fairly sophisticated topics such as likelihood theory, zero-inflated Poisson, and parametric bootstrapping in an intuitive and applied manner. The case studies and exercises feature real data and real research questions; thus, most of the data in the textbook comes from collaborative research conducted by the authors and their students, or from student projects. Every chapter features a variety of conceptual exercises, guided exercises, and open-ended exercises using real data. After working through this material, students will develop an expanded toolkit and a greater appreciation for the wider world of data and statistical modeling. A solutions manual for all exercises is available to qualified instructors at the book’s website at www.routledge.com, and data sets and Rmd files for all case studies and exercises are available at the authors’ GitHub repo (https://github.com/proback/BeyondMLR) |
| statistical sleuth in r: Practical Graph Mining with R Nagiza F. Samatova, William Hendrix, John Jenkins, Kanchana Padmanabhan, Arpan Chakraborty, 2013-07-15 Discover Novel and Insightful Knowledge from Data Represented as a GraphPractical Graph Mining with R presents a do-it-yourself approach to extracting interesting patterns from graph data. It covers many basic and advanced techniques for the identification of anomalous or frequently recurring patterns in a graph, the discovery of groups or cluste |
| statistical sleuth in r: Modelling, Simulation and Control of Urban Wastewater Systems Manfred Schütze, David Butler, Bruce M. Beck, 2002-02-20 by Professor Poul Harremoes Environmental engineering has been a discipline dominated by empirical approaches to engineering. Historically speaking, the development of urban drainage structures was very successful on the basis of pure empiricism. Just think of the impressive structures built by the Romans long before the discipline of hydraulics came into being. The fact is that the Romans did not know much about the theories of hydraulics, which were discovered as late as the mid-1800s. However, with the Renaissance came a new era. Astronomy (Galileos) and basic physics (Newton) started the scientific revolution and in the mid-1800s Navier and Stokes developed the application of Newtons laws to hydrodynamics, and later, St. Venant the first basic physics description of the motion of water in open channels. The combination of basic physical understanding of the phenomena involved in the flow of water in pipes and the experience gained by trial and error, the engineering approach to urban drainage improved the design and performance of the engineering drainage infrastructure. However, due to the mathematical complications of the basic equations, solutions were available only to quite simple cases of practical significance until the introduction of new principles of calculation made possible by computers and their ability to crunch numbers. Now even intricate hydraulic phenomena can be simulated with a reasonable degree of confidence that the simulations are in agreement with performance in practice, if the models are adequately calibrated with sample performance data. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Discrete Data Analysis with R Michael Friendly, David Meyer, 2015-12-16 An Applied Treatment of Modern Graphical Methods for Analyzing Categorical DataDiscrete Data Analysis with R: Visualization and Modeling Techniques for Categorical and Count Data presents an applied treatment of modern methods for the analysis of categorical data, both discrete response data and frequency data. It explains how to use graphical meth |
| statistical sleuth in r: Reliability Lawrence M. Leemis, 2009 An elementary introduction to the probabilistic models and statistical methods used by reliability engineers as applied to, for example, electrical or mechanical systems. Leemis offers explanations of how the mathematical models and results apply to engineering design and the analysis of lifetime data sets, with simple, supplementary proofs and derivations provided when necessary. Applications are drawn from a variety of disciplines. |
| statistical sleuth in r: The Statistical Sleuth Fred L. Ramsey, Daniel W. Schafer, 1997 Intended for the one- or two-term algebra-based course in statistical methods, this innovative book takes full advantage of the computer both as a computational and as an analytical tool. The focus is on a serious analysis of real case studies; on strategies and tools of modern statistical data analysis, on the interplay of statistics and scientific learning, and on the communication of results. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Statistics for Management and Economics Gerald Keller, Brian Warrack, 2003 Teaches students how to apply statistics to real business problems through the authors' unique three-step approach to problem solving. Students learn to identify, compute and interpret the results in the context of the problem. |
| statistical sleuth in r: An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis Alan Agresti, 2018-11-20 A valuable new edition of a standard reference The use of statistical methods for categorical data has increased dramatically, particularly for applications in the biomedical and social sciences. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, Third Edition summarizes these methods and shows readers how to use them using software. Readers will find a unified generalized linear models approach that connects logistic regression and loglinear models for discrete data with normal regression for continuous data. Adding to the value in the new edition is: • Illustrations of the use of R software to perform all the analyses in the book • A new chapter on alternative methods for categorical data, including smoothing and regularization methods (such as the lasso), classification methods such as linear discriminant analysis and classification trees, and cluster analysis • New sections in many chapters introducing the Bayesian approach for the methods of that chapter • More than 70 analyses of data sets to illustrate application of the methods, and about 200 exercises, many containing other data sets • An appendix showing how to use SAS, Stata, and SPSS, and an appendix with short solutions to most odd-numbered exercises Written in an applied, nontechnical style, this book illustrates the methods using a wide variety of real data, including medical clinical trials, environmental questions, drug use by teenagers, horseshoe crab mating, basketball shooting, correlates of happiness, and much more. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, Third Edition is an invaluable tool for statisticians and biostatisticians as well as methodologists in the social and behavioral sciences, medicine and public health, marketing, education, and the biological and agricultural sciences. |
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| statistical sleuth in r: Molecular Epidemiology Paul A. Schulte, Frederica P. Perera, 2012-12-02 This book will serve as a primer for both laboratory and field scientists who are shaping the emerging field of molecular epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology utilizes the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but uses biological markers to identify exposure, disease or susceptibility. Schulte and Perera present the epidemiologic methods pertinent to biological markers. The book is also designed to enumerate the considerations necessary for valid field research and provide a resource on the salient and subtle features of biological indicators. |
| statistical sleuth in r: A First Course in Design and Analysis of Experiments Gary W. Oehlert, 2000-01-19 Oehlert's text is suitable for either a service course for non-statistics graduate students or for statistics majors. Unlike most texts for the one-term grad/upper level course on experimental design, Oehlert's new book offers a superb balance of both analysis and design, presenting three practical themes to students: • when to use various designs • how to analyze the results • how to recognize various design options Also, unlike other older texts, the book is fully oriented toward the use of statistical software in analyzing experiments. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Encyclopedia of Research Design Neil J. Salkind, 2010-06-22 To request a free 30-day online trial to this product, visit www.sagepub.com/freetrial Research design can be daunting for all types of researchers. At its heart it might be described as a formalized approach toward problem solving, thinking, and acquiring knowledge—the success of which depends upon clearly defined objectives and appropriate choice of statistical tools, tests, and analysis to meet a project′s objectives. Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. Key Features Covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research Addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences Provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies Uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases Key Themes Descriptive Statistics Distributions Graphical Displays of Data Hypothesis Testing Important Publications Inferential Statistics Item Response Theory Mathematical Concepts Measurement Concepts Organizations Publishing Qualitative Research Reliability of Scores Research Design Concepts Research Designs Research Ethics Research Process Research Validity Issues Sampling Scaling Software Applications Statistical Assumptions Statistical Concepts Statistical Procedures Statistical Tests Theories, Laws, and Principles Types of Variables Validity of Scores The Encyclopedia of Research Design is the perfect instrument for new learners as well as experienced researchers to explore both the original and newest branches of the field. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Basic Data Analysis for Time Series with R DeWayne R. Derryberry, 2014-06-23 Presents modern methods to analyzing data with multiple applications in a variety of scientific fields Written at a readily accessible level, Basic Data Analysis for Time Series with R emphasizes the mathematical importance of collaborative analysis of data used to collect increments of time or space. Balancing a theoretical and practical approach to analyzing data within the context of serial correlation, the book presents a coherent and systematic regression-based approach to model selection. The book illustrates these principles of model selection and model building through the use of information criteria, cross validation, hypothesis tests, and confidence intervals. Focusing on frequency- and time-domain and trigonometric regression as the primary themes, the book also includes modern topical coverage on Fourier series and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). In addition, Basic Data Analysis for Time Series with R also features: Real-world examples to provide readers with practical hands-on experience Multiple R software subroutines employed with graphical displays Numerous exercise sets intended to support readers understanding of the core concepts Specific chapters devoted to the analysis of the Wolf sunspot number data and the Vostok ice core data sets |
| statistical sleuth in r: The Academic Writer’s Toolkit Arthur Asa Berger, 2008-05 A user-friendly volume on academic writing for linguistically-stressed junior scholars and graduate students. It discusses both the process and product s of academic writing, and how to best structure various forms of documents for effective communication. It also differentiates between business writing skills for memos, proposals, and reports, and the scholarly writing that occurs in journals and books. Written in a humorous, off-hand style, it show by example that academics can write good, readable prose in a variety of genres. -- Publisher description. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Dynamic Documents with R and knitr Yihui Xie, 2016-04-19 The cut-and-paste approach to writing statistical reports is not only tedious and laborious, but also can be harmful to scientific research, because it is inconvenient to reproduce the results. Dynamic Documents with R and knitr introduces a new approach via dynamic documents, i.e. integrating computing directly with reporting. A comprehensive guid |
| statistical sleuth in r: Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects Youngjo Lee, John A. Nelder, Yudi Pawitan, 2006-07-13 Since their introduction in 1972, generalized linear models (GLMs) have proven useful in the generalization of classical normal models. Presenting methods for fitting GLMs with random effects to data, Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects: Unified Analysis via H-likelihood explores a wide range of applications, including combining information over trials (meta-analysis), analysis of frailty models for survival data, genetic epidemiology, and analysis of spatial and temporal models with correlated errors. Written by pioneering authorities in the field, this reference provides an introduction to various theories and examines likelihood inference and GLMs. The authors show how to extend the class of GLMs while retaining as much simplicity as possible. By maximizing and deriving other quantities from h-likelihood, they also demonstrate how to use a single algorithm for all members of the class, resulting in a faster algorithm as compared to existing alternatives. Complementing theory with examples, many of which can be run by using the code supplied on the accompanying CD, this book is beneficial to statisticians and researchers involved in the above applications as well as quality-improvement experiments and missing-data analysis. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Statistics Michael J. Crawley, 2005-05-06 Computer software is an essential tool for many statistical modelling and data analysis techniques, aiding in the implementation of large data sets in order to obtain useful results. R is one of the most powerful and flexible statistical software packages available, and enables the user to apply a wide variety of statistical methods ranging from simple regression to generalized linear modelling. Statistics: An Introduction using R is a clear and concise introductory textbook to statistical analysis using this powerful and free software, and follows on from the success of the author's previous best-selling title Statistical Computing. * Features step-by-step instructions that assume no mathematics, statistics or programming background, helping the non-statistician to fully understand the methodology. * Uses a series of realistic examples, developing step-wise from the simplest cases, with the emphasis on checking the assumptions (e.g. constancy of variance and normality of errors) and the adequacy of the model chosen to fit the data. * The emphasis throughout is on estimation of effect sizes and confidence intervals, rather than on hypothesis testing. * Covers the full range of statistical techniques likely to be need to analyse the data from research projects, including elementary material like t-tests and chi-squared tests, intermediate methods like regression and analysis of variance, and more advanced techniques like generalized linear modelling. * Includes numerous worked examples and exercises within each chapter. * Accompanied by a website featuring worked examples, data sets, exercises and solutions: http://www.imperial.ac.uk/bio/research/crawley/statistics Statistics: An Introduction using R is the first text to offer such a concise introduction to a broad array of statistical methods, at a level that is elementary enough to appeal to a broad range of disciplines. It is primarily aimed at undergraduate students in medicine, engineering, economics and biology - but will also appeal to postgraduates who have not previously covered this area, or wish to switch to using R. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Building Better Models with JMP Pro Jim Grayson, Sam Gardner, Mia Stephens, 2015-08-01 Building Better Models with JMP® Pro provides an example-based introduction to business analytics, with a proven process that guides you in the application of modeling tools and concepts. It gives you the what, why, and how of using JMP® Pro for building and applying analytic models. This book is designed for business analysts, managers, and practitioners who may not have a solid statistical background, but need to be able to readily apply analytic methods to solve business problems. In addition, this book will greatly benefit faculty members who teach any of the following subjects at the lower to upper graduate level: predictive modeling, data mining, and business analytics. Novice to advanced users in business statistics, business analytics, and predictive modeling will find that it provides a peek inside the black box of algorithms and the methods used. Topics include: regression, logistic regression, classification and regression trees, neural networks, model cross-validation, model comparison and selection, and data reduction techniques. Full of rich examples, Building Better Models with JMP Pro is an applied book on business analytics and modeling that introduces a simple methodology for managing and executing analytics projects. No prior experience with JMP is needed. Make more informed decisions from your data using this newest JMP book. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Inadequate Equilibria (Draft Version) Eliezer Yudkowsky, 2017-11-16 |
| statistical sleuth in r: An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics Gaylon S. Campbell, John Norman, 2012-12-06 From reviews of the first edition: well organized . . . Recommended as an introductory text for undergraduates -- AAAS Science Books and Films well written and illustrated -- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
| statistical sleuth in r: ggplot2 Hadley Wickham, 2009-10-03 Provides both rich theory and powerful applications Figures are accompanied by code required to produce them Full color figures |
| statistical sleuth in r: Forensic Analytics Mark J. Nigrini, 2020-04-20 Become the forensic analytics expert in your organization using effective and efficient data analysis tests to find anomalies, biases, and potential fraud—the updated new edition Forensic Analytics reviews the methods and techniques that forensic accountants can use to detect intentional and unintentional errors, fraud, and biases. This updated second edition shows accountants and auditors how analyzing their corporate or public sector data can highlight transactions, balances, or subsets of transactions or balances in need of attention. These tests are made up of a set of initial high-level overview tests followed by a series of more focused tests. These focused tests use a variety of quantitative methods including Benford’s Law, outlier detection, the detection of duplicates, a comparison to benchmarks, time-series methods, risk-scoring, and sometimes simply statistical logic. The tests in the new edition include the newly developed vector variation score that quantifies the change in an array of data from one period to the next. The goals of the tests are to either produce a small sample of suspicious transactions, a small set of transaction groups, or a risk score related to individual transactions or a group of items. The new edition includes over two hundred figures. Each chapter, where applicable, includes one or more cases showing how the tests under discussion could have detected the fraud or anomalies. The new edition also includes two chapters each describing multi-million-dollar fraud schemes and the insights that can be learned from those examples. These interesting real-world examples help to make the text accessible and understandable for accounting professionals and accounting students without rigorous backgrounds in mathematics and statistics. Emphasizing practical applications, the new edition shows how to use either Excel or Access to run these analytics tests. The book also has some coverage on using Minitab, IDEA, R, and Tableau to run forensic-focused tests. The use of SAS and Power BI rounds out the software coverage. The software screenshots use the latest versions of the software available at the time of writing. This authoritative book: Describes the use of statistically-based techniques including Benford’s Law, descriptive statistics, and the vector variation score to detect errors and anomalies Shows how to run most of the tests in Access and Excel, and other data analysis software packages for a small sample of the tests Applies the tests under review in each chapter to the same purchasing card data from a government entity Includes interesting cases studies throughout that are linked to the tests being reviewed. Includes two comprehensive case studies where data analytics could have detected the frauds before they reached multi-million-dollar levels Includes a continually-updated companion website with the data sets used in the chapters, the queries used in the chapters, extra coverage of some topics or cases, end of chapter questions, and end of chapter cases. Written by a prominent educator and researcher in forensic accounting and auditing, the new edition of Forensic Analytics: Methods and Techniques for Forensic Accounting Investigations is an essential resource for forensic accountants, auditors, comptrollers, fraud investigators, and graduate students. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Statistics For Dummies Deborah J. Rumsey, 2016-05-19 The fun and easy way to get down to business with statistics Stymied by statistics? No fear? this friendly guide offers clear, practical explanations of statistical ideas, techniques, formulas, and calculations, with lots of examples that show you how these concepts apply to your everyday life. Statistics For Dummies shows you how to interpret and critique graphs and charts, determine the odds with probability, guesstimate with confidence using confidence intervals, set up and carry out a hypothesis test, compute statistical formulas, and more. Tracks to a typical first semester statistics course Updated examples resonate with today's students Explanations mirror teaching methods and classroom protocol Packed with practical advice and real-world problems, Statistics For Dummies gives you everything you need to analyze and interpret data for improved classroom or on-the-job performance. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt Paolo Verme, Sherine Al-Shawarby, 2014-04-08 Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt: Facts and Perceptions Across People, Time, and Space comprises four papers prepared in the framework of the Egypt inequality study financed by the World Bank. The first paper, by Sherine Al-Shawarby, reviews the studies on inequality in Egypt since the 1950s with the double objective of illustrating the importance attributed to inequality through time and of presenting and compare the main published statistics on inequality. The second paper, by Branko Milanovic, turns to the global and spatial dimensions of inequality. The Egyptian society remains deeply divided across space and in terms of welfare, and this study unveils some of the hidden features of this inequality. The third paper, by Paolo Verme, studies facts and perceptions of inequality during the 2000-2009 period, which preceded the Egyptian revolution. The fourth paper, by Sahar El Tawila, May Gadallah, and Enas Ali A.El-Majeed, assesses the state of poverty and inequality among the poorest villages of Egypt. The paper attempts to explain the level of inequality in an effort to disentangle those factors that derive from household abilities from those factors that derive from local opportunities. Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt provides some initial elements that could explain the apparent mismatch between inequality measured with household surveys and inequality aversion measured by values surveys. This is a particularly important and timely topic to address in light of the unfolding developments in the Arab region. The book should be of interest to any observer of the political and economic evolution of the Arab region in the past few years and to poverty and inequality specialists interested in a deeper understanding of the distribution of incomes in Egypt and other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. World Bank Studies are available individually or on standing order. The World Bank Studies series is also available online through the Open Knowledge Repository (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/) and the World Bank e-Library (www.worldbank.org/elibrary). Book jacket. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Discrete Data Analysis with R Michael Friendly, David Meyer, 2015-12-16 An Applied Treatment of Modern Graphical Methods for Analyzing Categorical DataDiscrete Data Analysis with R: Visualization and Modeling Techniques for Categorical and Count Data presents an applied treatment of modern methods for the analysis of categorical data, both discrete response data and frequency data. It explains how to use graphical meth |
| statistical sleuth in r: Literate Programming Donald Ervin Knuth, 1992-01 Literate programming is a programming methodology that combines a programming language with a documentation language, making programs more easily maintained than programs written only in a high-level language. A literate programmer is an essayist who writes programs for humans to understand. When programs are written in the recommended style they can be transformed into documents by a document compiler and into efficient code by an algebraic compiler. This anthology of essays includes Knuth's early papers on related topics such as structured programming as well as the Computer Journal article that launched literate programming. Many examples are given, including excerpts from the programs for TeX and METAFONT. The final essay is an example of CWEB, a system for literate programming in C and related languages. Index included. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences Keenan A. Pituch, James Paul Stevens, 2015-11-23 Noted for its breadth and depth of coverage of multivariate statistics and its emphasis on power, this classic text focuses on a conceptual understanding of the material rather than on proving results. Numerous examples, along with use of SAS and SPSS, indicate what the numbers mean and how to interpret the results. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Using R for Introductory Statistics John Verzani, 2018-10-03 The second edition of a bestselling textbook, Using R for Introductory Statistics guides students through the basics of R, helping them overcome the sometimes steep learning curve. The author does this by breaking the material down into small, task-oriented steps. The second edition maintains the features that made the first edition so popular, while updating data, examples, and changes to R in line with the current version. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Increased emphasis on more idiomatic R provides a grounding in the functionality of base R. Discussions of the use of RStudio helps new R users avoid as many pitfalls as possible. Use of knitr package makes code easier to read and therefore easier to reason about. Additional information on computer-intensive approaches motivates the traditional approach. Updated examples and data make the information current and topical. The book has an accompanying package, UsingR, available from CRAN, R’s repository of user-contributed packages. The package contains the data sets mentioned in the text (data(package=UsingR)), answers to selected problems (answers()), a few demonstrations (demo()), the errata (errata()), and sample code from the text. The topics of this text line up closely with traditional teaching progression; however, the book also highlights computer-intensive approaches to motivate the more traditional approach. The authors emphasize realistic data and examples and rely on visualization techniques to gather insight. They introduce statistics and R seamlessly, giving students the tools they need to use R and the information they need to navigate the sometimes complex world of statistical computing. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Handbook of Fitting Statistical Distributions with R Zaven A. Karian, Edward J. Dudewicz, 2016-04-19 With the development of new fitting methods, their increased use in applications, and improved computer languages, the fitting of statistical distributions to data has come a long way since the introduction of the generalized lambda distribution (GLD) in 1969. Handbook of Fitting Statistical Distributions with R presents the latest and best methods |
| statistical sleuth in r: The New Statistics with R Andy Hector, 2015-01-29 Statistical methods are a key tool for all scientists working with data, but learning the basic mathematical skills can be one of the most challenging components of a biologist's training. This accessible book provides a contemporary introduction to the classical techniques and modern extensions of linear model analysis: one of the most useful approaches in the analysis of scientific data in the life and environmental sciences. It emphasizes an estimation-based approach that accounts for recent criticisms of the over-use of probability values, and introduces alternative approaches using information criteria. Statistics are introduced through worked analyses performed in R, the free open source programming language for statistics and graphics, which is rapidly becoming the standard software in many areas of science and technology. These analyses use real data sets from ecology, evolutionary biology and environmental science, and the data sets and R scripts are available as support material. The book's structure and user friendly style stem from the author's 20 years of experience teaching statistics to life and environmental scientists at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. The New Statistics with R is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professional researchers, and practitioners in the fields of ecology, evolution, environmental studies, and computational biology. Supporting material for the book is available at the author's website: www.plantecol.org/contemporary-analysis-for-ecology/ |
| statistical sleuth in r: Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments H. John B. Birks, André F. Lotter, Steve Juggins, John P. Smol, 2012-04-06 Numerical and statistical methods have rapidly become part of a palaeolimnologist’s tool-kit. They are used to explore and summarise complex data, reconstruct past environmental variables from fossil assemblages, and test competing hypotheses about the causes of observed changes in lake biota through history. This book brings together a wide array of numerical and statistical techniques currently available for use in palaeolimnology and other branches of palaeoecology. Visit http://extras.springer.com the Springer's Extras website to view data-sets, figures, software, and R scripts used or mentioned in this book. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments John B.H. Birks, André F. Lotter, Steve Juggins, John P. Smol, 2012-04-08 Numerical and statistical methods have rapidly become part of a palaeolimnologist’s tool-kit. They are used to explore and summarise complex data, reconstruct past environmental variables from fossil assemblages, and test competing hypotheses about the causes of observed changes in lake biota through history. This book brings together a wide array of numerical and statistical techniques currently available for use in palaeolimnology and other branches of palaeoecology. Visit http://extras.springer.com the Springer's Extras website to view data-sets, figures, software, and R scripts used or mentioned in this book. |
| statistical sleuth in r: Bayesian Models N. Thompson Hobbs, Mevin B. Hooten, 2015-08-04 Bayesian modeling has become an indispensable tool for ecological research because it is uniquely suited to deal with complexity in a statistically coherent way. This textbook provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the latest Bayesian methods—in language ecologists can understand. Unlike other books on the subject, this one emphasizes the principles behind the computations, giving ecologists a big-picture understanding of how to implement this powerful statistical approach. Bayesian Models is an essential primer for non-statisticians. It begins with a definition of probability and develops a step-by-step sequence of connected ideas, including basic distribution theory, network diagrams, hierarchical models, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and inference from single and multiple models. This unique book places less emphasis on computer coding, favoring instead a concise presentation of the mathematical statistics needed to understand how and why Bayesian analysis works. It also explains how to write out properly formulated hierarchical Bayesian models and use them in computing, research papers, and proposals. This primer enables ecologists to understand the statistical principles behind Bayesian modeling and apply them to research, teaching, policy, and management. Presents the mathematical and statistical foundations of Bayesian modeling in language accessible to non-statisticians Covers basic distribution theory, network diagrams, hierarchical models, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and more Deemphasizes computer coding in favor of basic principles Explains how to write out properly factored statistical expressions representing Bayesian models |
| statistical sleuth in r: The Ecology of Large Mammals in Central Yellowstone Robert A. Garrott, Patrick J. White, Fred G.R. Watson, 2008-11-25 This book is an authoritative work on the ecology of some of America's most iconic large mammals in a natural environment - and of the interplay between climate, landscape, and animals in the interior of the world's first and most famous national park.Central Yellowstone includes the range of one of the largest migratory populations of bison in North America as well as a unique elk herd that remains in the park year round. These populations live in a varied landscape with seasonal and often extreme patterns of climate and food abundance. The reintroduction of wolves into the park a decade ago resulted in scientific and public controversy about the effect of large predators on their prey, a debate closely examined in the book. Introductory chapters describe the geography, geology and vegetation of the ecosystem. The elk and bison are then introduced and their population ecology described both pre- and post– wolf introduction, enabling valuable insights into the demographic and behavioral consequences for their ungulate prey. Subsequent chapters describe the wildlife-human interactions and show how scientific research can inform the debate and policy issues surrounding winter recreation in Yellowstone. The book closes with a discussion of how this ecological knowledge can be used to educate the public, both about Yellowstone itself and about science, ecology and the environment in general. Yellowstone National Park exemplifies some of the currently most hotly debated and high-profile ecological, wildlife management, and environmental policy issues and this book will have broad appeal not only to academic ecologists, but also to natural resource students, managers, biologists, policy makers, administrators and the general public. - Unrivalled descriptions of ecological processes in a world famous ecosystem, based on information from 16 years of painstaking field work and collaborations among 66 scientists and technical experts and 15 graduate studies - Detailed studies of two charismatic North American herbivore species – elk and bison - Description of the restoration of wolves into central Yellowstone and their ecological interactions with their elk and bison prey - Illustrated with numerous evocative colour photographs and stunning maps |
| statistical sleuth in r: Spatial Data Analysis in Ecology and Agriculture Using R Richard E. Plant, 2018-12-07 Key features: Unique in its combination of serving as an introduction to spatial statistics and to modeling agricultural and ecological data using R Provides exercises in each chapter to facilitate the book's use as a course textbook or for self-study Adds new material on generalized additive models, point pattern analysis, and new methods of Bayesian analysis of spatial data. Includes a completely revised chapter on the analysis of spatiotemporal data featuring recently introduced software and methods Updates its coverage of R software including newly introduced packages Spatial Data Analysis in Ecology and Agriculture Using R, 2nd Edition provides practical instruction on the use of the R programming language to analyze spatial data arising from research in ecology, agriculture, and environmental science. Readers have praised the book's practical coverage of spatial statistics, real-world examples, and user-friendly approach in presenting and explaining R code, aspects maintained in this update. Using data sets from cultivated and uncultivated ecosystems, the book guides the reader through the analysis of each data set, including setting research objectives, designing the sampling plan, data quality control, exploratory and confirmatory data analysis, and drawing scientific conclusions. Additional material to accompany the book, on both analyzing satellite data and on multivariate analysis, can be accessed at https://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/plant/additionaltopics.htm. |
STATISTICAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of STATISTICAL is of, relating to, based on, or employing the principles of statistics. How to use statistical in a sentence.
STATISTICAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
There is very little statistical evidence. It was designed to facilitate the combination of qualitative methods with statistical analysis. The generalizations are advanced on the basis of statistical …
Statistics - Wikipedia
Statistics is the discipline that deals with data, facts and figures with which meaningful information is inferred. Data may represent a numerical value, in form of quantitative data, or a label, as with …
STATISTICAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
of, pertaining to, consisting of, or based on statistics. statistics. Examples have not been reviewed. In doing so, the judges said she could not point to “background circumstances” or statistical …
What is Statistical Analysis? - GeeksforGeeks
Apr 15, 2025 · Statistical Analysis means gathering, understanding, and showing data to find patterns and connections that can help us make decisions. It includes lots of different ways to …
Statistics | Definition, Types, & Importance | Britannica
May 20, 2025 · statistics, the science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data. Governmental needs for census data as well as information about a variety of economic activities …
Statistical - definition of statistical by The Free Dictionary
Define statistical. statistical synonyms, statistical pronunciation, statistical translation, English dictionary definition of statistical. adj. Of, relating to, or employing statistics or the principles of …
STATISTICAL definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Statistical means relating to the use of statistics. The report contains a great deal of statistical information. Of or relating to statistics.... Click for English pronunciations, examples sentences, …
Introduction to Research Statistical Analysis: An Overview of the ...
This article covers many statistical ideas essential to research statistical analysis. Sample size is explained through the concepts of statistical significance level and power.
Statistics - Definition, Examples, Mathematical Statistics
Statistics is defined as the process of collection of data, classifying data, representing the data for easy interpretation, and further analysis of data. Statistics also is referred to as arriving at …
STATISTICAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of STATISTICAL is of, relating to, based on, or employing the principles of statistics. How to use statistical in a sentence.
STATISTICAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
There is very little statistical evidence. It was designed to facilitate the combination of qualitative methods with statistical analysis. The generalizations are advanced on the basis of statistical …
Statistics - Wikipedia
Statistics is the discipline that deals with data, facts and figures with which meaningful information is inferred. Data may represent a numerical value, in form of quantitative data, or a label, as with …
STATISTICAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
of, pertaining to, consisting of, or based on statistics. statistics. Examples have not been reviewed. In doing so, the judges said she could not point to “background circumstances” or statistical …
What is Statistical Analysis? - GeeksforGeeks
Apr 15, 2025 · Statistical Analysis means gathering, understanding, and showing data to find patterns and connections that can help us make decisions. It includes lots of different ways to …
Statistics | Definition, Types, & Importance | Britannica
May 20, 2025 · statistics, the science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data. Governmental needs for census data as well as information about a variety of economic activities …
Statistical - definition of statistical by The Free Dictionary
Define statistical. statistical synonyms, statistical pronunciation, statistical translation, English dictionary definition of statistical. adj. Of, relating to, or employing statistics or the principles of …
STATISTICAL definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Statistical means relating to the use of statistics. The report contains a great deal of statistical information. Of or relating to statistics.... Click for English pronunciations, examples sentences, …
Introduction to Research Statistical Analysis: An Overview of the ...
This article covers many statistical ideas essential to research statistical analysis. Sample size is explained through the concepts of statistical significance level and power.
Statistics - Definition, Examples, Mathematical Statistics
Statistics is defined as the process of collection of data, classifying data, representing the data for easy interpretation, and further analysis of data. Statistics also is referred to as arriving at …
