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| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Commissariat of Enlightenment Sheila Fitzpatrick, 2002-06-06 A study of Lunacharsky's commissariat which ran both education and the arts in Bolshevik Russia. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union 1921-1934 Sheila Fitzpatrick, 2002-05-16 A history of Soviet education policy 1921-34, this is a sequel to the author's highly praised Commissariat of Enlightenment. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Everyday Stalinism Sheila Fitzpatrick, 1999-03-04 Focusing on urban areas in the 1930s, this college professor illuminates the ways that Soviet city-dwellers coped with this world, examining such diverse activities as shopping, landing a job, and other acts. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Russia in the Era of NEP Sheila Fitzpatrick, Alexander Rabinowitch, Richard Stites, 1991-09-22 . . . a comprehensive look at an enigmatic era . . . —Choice This provocative collection of essays certainly takes some of the polish off Soviet socialism's golden age. —Journal of Interdisciplinary History The authors and editors of this splendid volume deserve great praise. Their work moves the field of Soviet history several large steps forward. —Slavic Review Lenin's New Economic Policy of the 1920s, although a relatively free and open potential alternative to Soviet communism, was also a time of extreme tension, as Russian society and culture were rocked by the forces of resistance and change. These essays examine the social and cultural dimensions of NEP in urban and rural Russia in the years before Stalin and rapid industrialization. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Commissariat of Enlightenment Ken Kalfus, 2004-02-03 Russia, 1910. Leo Tolstoy lies dying in Astapovo, a remote railway station. Members of the press from around the world have descended upon this sleepy hamlet to record his passing for a public suddenly ravenous for celebrity news. They have been joined by a film company whose cinematographer, Nikolai Gribshin, is capturing the extraordinary scene and learning how to wield his camera as a political tool. At this historic moment he comes across two men -- the scientist, Professor Vorobev, and the revolutionist, Joseph Stalin -- who have radical, mysterious plans for the future. Soon they will accompany him on a long, cold march through an era of brutality and absurdity. The Commissariat of Enlightenment is a mesmerizing novel of ideas that brilliantly links the tragedy and comedy of the Russian Revolution with the global empire of images that occupies our imaginations today. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Political Tourists Sheila Fitzpatrick, Carolyn Rasmussen, 2008-03-15 For Socialists and many liberals, the Soviet Union of the 1920s-1940s was the site of the great Socialist Experiment. Most Australians who travelled there wrote about their extraordinary experiences, and the recent opening of the Soviet archives gave access to the Soviets' reactions to their visitors. Collecting the research of leading historians and writers, Political Tourists explores Soviet tourism through figures such as Eric Ashby, RM Crawford, Reg Ellery, Neill Greenwood, Esmonde Higgins, Katharine Susannah Prichard, Betty Roland and Jessie Street. Drawing on both Australian and Soviet archives, this is a unique insight into the Soviet experience in the 1920s-1940s. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Stalin's Peasants Sheila Fitzpatrick, 1994 Drawing on Soviet archives, especially the letters of complaint with which peasants deluged the Soviet authorities in the 1930s, this work analyzes peasants' strategies of resistance and survival in the new world of the collectivized village |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: A Companion to the Russian Revolution Daniel Orlovsky, 2020-08-21 A compendium of original essays and contemporary viewpoints on the 1917 Revolution The Russian revolution of 1917 reverberated throughout an empire that covered one-sixth of the world. It altered the geo-political landscape of not only Eurasia, but of the entire globe. The impact of this immense event is still felt in the present day. The historiography of the last two decades has challenged conceptions of the 1917 revolution as a monolithic entity— the causes and meanings of revolution are many, as is reflected in contemporary scholarship on the subject. A Companion to the Russian Revolution offers more than thirty original essays, written by a team of respected scholars and historians of 20th century Russian history. Presenting a wide range of contemporary perspectives, the Companion discusses topics including the dynamics of violence in war and revolution, Russian political parties, the transformation of the Orthodox church, Bolshevism, Liberalism, and more. Although primarily focused on 1917 itself, and the singular Revolutionary experience in that year, this book also explores time-periods such as the First Russian Revolution, early Soviet government, the Civil War period, and even into the 1920’s. Presents a wide range of original essays that discuss Brings together in-depth coverage of political history, party history, cultural history, and new social approaches Explores the long-range causes, influence on early Soviet culture, and global after-life of the Russian Revolution Offers broadly-conceived, contemporary views of the revolution largely based on the author’s original research Links Russian revolutions to Russian Civil Wars as concepts A Companion to the Russian Revolution is an important addition to modern scholarship on the subject, and a valuable resource for those interested in Russian, Late Imperial, or Soviet history as well as anyone interested in Revolution as a global phenomenon. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: An Analysis of Sheila Fitzpatrick's Everyday Stalinism Victor Petrov, Riley Quinn, 2017-07-05 Sheila Fitzpatrick’s Everyday Stalinism rejects the simplistic treatment of the Soviet Union as a totalitarian government that tightly controlled its citizens. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Unsung Hero of the Russian Avant-Garde Natalia Murray, 2012-06-27 The first biography of Nikolay Punin, this book offers a comprehensive analisys of his life in the context of Russian political, social and cultural history in the first half of the XX century. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Stalinism Sheila Fitzpatrick, 2000 First Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Firebird and the Fox Jeffrey Brooks, 2019-10-24 A century of Russian artistic genius, including literature, art, music and dance, within the dynamic cultural ecosystem that shaped it. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Know Your Enemy David C. Engerman, 2009-11-20 As World War II ended, few Americans in government or universities knew much about the Soviet Union. As David Engerman shows in this book, a network of scholars, soldiers, spies, and philanthropists created an enterprise known as Soviet Studies to fill in this dangerous gap in American knowledge. This group brought together some of the nation's best minds from the left, right, and center, colorful and controversial individuals ranging from George Kennan to Margaret Mead to Zbigniew Brzezinski, not to mention historians Sheila Fitzpatrick and Richard Pipes. Together they created the knowledge that helped fight the Cold War and define Cold War thought. Soviet Studies became a vibrant intellectual enterprise, studying not just the Soviet threat, but Soviet society and culture at a time when many said that these were contradictions in terms, as well as Russian history and literature. And this broad network, Engerman argues, forever changed the relationship between the government and academe, connecting the Pentagon with the ivory tower in ways that still matter today. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Problems of Communism , 1973 |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Tear Off the Masks! Sheila Fitzpatrick, 2005-07-25 When revolutions happen, they change the rules of everyday life--both the codified rules concerning the social and legal classifications of citizens and the unwritten rules about how individuals present themselves to others. This occurred in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, which laid the foundations of the Soviet state, and again in 1991, when that state collapsed. Tear Off the Masks! is about the remaking of identities in these times of upheaval. Sheila Fitzpatrick here brings together in a single volume years of distinguished work on how individuals literally constructed their autobiographies, defended them under challenge, attempted to edit the file-selves created by bureaucratic identity documentation, and denounced others for masking their true social identities. Marxist class-identity labels--worker, peasant, intelligentsia, bourgeois--were of crucial importance to the Soviet state in the 1920s and 1930s, but it turned out that the determination of a person's class was much more complicated than anyone expected. This in turn left considerable scope for individual creativity and manipulation. Outright imposters, both criminal and political, also make their appearance in this book. The final chapter describes how, after decades of struggle to construct good Soviet socialist personae, Russians had to struggle to make themselves fit for the new, post-Soviet world in the 1990s--by de-Sovietizing themselves. Engaging in style and replete with colorful detail and characters drawn from a wealth of sources, Tear Off the Masks! offers unique insight into the elusive forms of self-presentation, masking, and unmasking that made up Soviet citizenship and continue to resonate in the post-Soviet world. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The French Revolutionary Tradition in Russian and Soviet Politics, Political Thought, and Culture Jay Bergman, 2019-08-14 Because they were Marxists, the Bolsheviks in Russia, both before and after taking power in 1917, believed that the past was prologue: that embedded in history was a Holy Grail, a series of mysterious, but nonetheless accessible and comprehensible, universal laws that explained the course of history from beginning to end. Those who understood these laws would be able to mould the future to conform to their own expectations. But what should the Bolsheviks do if their Marxist ideology proved to be either erroneous or insufficient-if it could not explain, or explain fully, the course of events that followed the revolution they carried out in the country they called the Soviet Union? Something else would have to perform this function. The underlying argument of this volume is that the Bolsheviks saw the revolutions in France in 1789, 1830, 1848, and 1871 as supplying practically everything Marxism lacked. In fact, these four events comprised what for the Bolsheviks was a genuine Revolutionary Tradition. The English Revolution and the Puritan Commonwealth of the seventeenth century were not without utility-the Bolsheviks cited them and occasionally utilized them as propaganda-but these paled in comparison to what the revolutions in France offered a century later, namely legitimacy, inspiration, guidance in constructing socialism and communism, and, not least, useful fodder for political and personal polemics. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge Peter B. Kaufman, 2021-02-23 How do we create a universe of truthful and verifiable information, available to everyone? In The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge, MIT Open Learning’s Peter B. Kaufman describes the powerful forces that have purposely crippled our efforts to share knowledge widely and freely. Popes and their inquisitors, emperors and their hangmen, commissars and their secret police—throughout history, all have sought to stanch the free flow of information. Kaufman writes of times when the Bible could not be translated—you’d be burned for trying; when dictionaries and encyclopedias were forbidden; when literature and science and history books were trashed and pulped—sometimes along with their authors; and when efforts to develop public television and radio networks were quashed by private industry. In the 21st century, the enemies of free thought have taken on new and different guises—giant corporate behemoths, sprawling national security agencies, gutted regulatory commissions. Bereft of any real moral compass or sense of social responsibility, their work to surveil and control us are no less nefarious than their 16th- and 18th- and 20th- century predecessors. They are all part of what Kaufman calls the Monsterverse. The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge maps out the opportunities to mobilize for the fight ahead of us. With the Internet and other means of media production and distribution—video especially—at hand, knowledge institutions like universities, libraries, museums, and archives have a special responsibility now to counter misinformation, disinformation, and fake news—and especially efforts to control the free flow of information. A film and video producer and former book publisher, Kaufman begins to draft a new social contract for our networked video age. He draws his inspiration from those who fought tooth and nail against earlier incarnations of the Monsterverse—including William Tyndale in the 16th century; Denis Diderot in the 18th; untold numbers of Soviet and Central and East European dissidents in the 20th—many of whom paid the ultimate price. Their successors? Advocates of free knowledge like Aaron Swartz, of free software like Richard Stallman, of an enlightened public television and radio network like James Killian, of a freer Internet like Tim Berners-Lee, of fuller rights and freedoms like Edward Snowden. All have been striving to secure for us a better world, marked by the right balance between state, society, and private gain. The concluding section of the book, its largest piece, builds on their work, drawing up a progressive agenda for how today’s free thinkers can band together now to fight and win. With everything shut and everyone going online, The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge is a rousing call to action that expands the definition of what it means to be a citizen in the 21st century. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Jewish Revolution in Belorussia Andrew Sloin, 2017-02-13 A Dorothy Rosenberg Prize–winner: A remarkable social history that investigates the process of Sovietization among Jews in Belorussia” (Jeffrey Veidlinger, author of In the Shadow of the Shtetl). This insightful history demonstrates how Jewish life in Belorussia fundamentally changed when Jews started joining the Bolshevik movement and populating the front lines of the revolutionary struggle. While Andrew Sloin’s story follows the arc of Bolshevik history, it also shows how the broader movement was enacted in factories and workshops, workers’ clubs and union meetings, and on the Jewish streets of White Russia. In the eyes of the Bolshevik leadership, the project of transforming Jews into integrated Soviet citizens was bound inextricably to labor. The protagonists here are shoemakers, speculators, glassmakers, peddlers, leatherworkers, needleworkers, soldiers, students, and local party operatives who were swept up, willingly or otherwise, under the banner of Marxist socialism. With extensive research and keen insight, Sloin stresses the fundamental relationship between economy and identity formation as party officials grappled with the Jewish Question in the wake of the revolution. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Nikolay Myaskovsky Patrick Zuk, 2021 Drawing on a wealth of unexplored sources, this biography offers the first comprehensive critical reappraisal of the life and works of Nikolay Myaskovsky. Zuk's account is far removed from Cold War clichés of the regimented Soviet artist or sentimental stereotypes of persecuted genius. 2022 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Winner. Drawing on a wealth of unexplored documentation, this biography reappraises the life and work of Nikolay Myaskovsky (1881-1950) - a central figure in twentieth-century Russian musical culture. The story of Myaskovsky's unlikely rise to prominence is an absorbing one. Destined by family tradition for a military career, he was 25 before he could leave the army and devote himself to music. He had just begun to emerge as a young composer of promise when he was called up for active service on Russia's western front in August 1914. On returning to civilian life in 1921, he played a major role in revitalising professional musical activity after the depredations of the Civil War years. His career vividly illustrates the challenges facing artists as they sought to work out a modus vivendi with Soviet power. Zuk's account depicts the composer and his milieu against the backdrop of his turbulent times, examining his involvement with Soviet musical institutions and his relationships with Prokofiev, Shostakovich, and other notable musicians. The portrait is far removed from Cold War clichés of the regimented Soviet artist or sentimental stereotypes of persecuted genius. Myaskovsky emerges as a man who displayed remarkable courage and integrity in the face of many pressures. The book also brings into focus the distinctive nature of Myaskovsky's creative achievement and affirms his stature as a leading symphonist of the era. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Russia's Last Capitalists Alan M. Ball, 1987 In 1921 Lenin surprised foreign observers and many in his own Party, by calling for the legalization of private trade and manufacturing. Within a matter of months, this New Economic Policy (NEP) spawned many thousands of private entrepreneurs, dubbed Nepmen. After delineating this political background, Alan Ball turns his attention to the Nepmen themselves, examining where they came from, how they fared in competition with the socialist sector of the economy, their importance in the Soviet economy, and the consequences of their liquidation at the end of the 1920s. Alan Ball's history of this experiment with capitalism is strikingly relevant to current efforts toward economic reform in the USSR. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Bolshevik Culture Abbott Gleason, Peter Kenez, Richard Stites, 1985 In the tumultuous years after the revolution of 1917, the traditional cutlure of Imperial Russia was both destroyed and preserved, as a new Soviet culture began to take shape. This book focuses on the interaction between the emerging political and cultural policies of the Soviet regime and the deeply held traditional values of the worker and peasant masses. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: What Was Soviet Ideology? Petre Petrov, 2023-11-02 In this book, Petre Petrov argues that Soviet ideology, in the form in which it solidified during the Stalinist period, should not be seen as a member of a known political ideology. Rather, Soviet ideology is its own kind of political ideology, whose original life calls for an innovative conceptual treatment. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Cultivating the Masses David L. Hoffmann, 2011-10-18 Under Stalin's leadership, the Soviet government carried out a massive number of deportations, incarcerations, and executions. Paradoxically, at the very moment that Soviet authorities were killing thousands of individuals, they were also engaged in an enormous pronatalist campaign to boost the population. Even as the number of repressions grew exponentially, Communist Party leaders enacted sweeping social welfare and public health measures to safeguard people's well-being. Extensive state surveillance of the population went hand in hand with literacy campaigns, political education, and efforts to instill in people an appreciation of high culture. In Cultivating the Masses, David L. Hoffmann examines the Party leadership's pursuit of these seemingly contradictory policies in order to grasp fully the character of the Stalinist regime, a regime intent on transforming the socioeconomic order and the very nature of its citizens. To analyze Soviet social policies, Hoffmann places them in an international comparative context. He explains Soviet technologies of social intervention as one particular constellation of modern state practices. These practices developed in conjunction with the ambitions of nineteenth-century European reformers to refashion society, and they subsequently prompted welfare programs, public health initiatives, and reproductive regulations in countries around the world. The mobilizational demands of World War I impelled political leaders to expand even further their efforts at population management, via economic controls, surveillance, propaganda, and state violence. Born at this moment of total war, the Soviet system institutionalized these wartime methods as permanent features of governance. Party leaders, whose dictatorship included no checks on state power, in turn attached interventionist practices to their ideological goal of building socialism. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Science and Ideology Mark Walker, 2003 This unique comparative history of scientific policies and practices in the 20th century brings together a number of case studies to examine the relationship between science and the dominant ideology of a state. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Grace Effect Larry Alex Taunton, 2011-11-15 Simply defined, the 'grace effect' is an observable phenomenon-that life is demonstrably better where authentic Christianity flourishes. What does Christianity give us beyond televangelists, potlucks, and bad basketball leagues? Not much, according to the secular Left. The world, they say, would be a better place without it. Historian and Christian apologist Larry Taunton has spent much of his career refuting just this sort of thinking, but when he encounters Sasha, a golden-haired Ukranian orphan girl whose life has been shaped by atheistic theorists, he discovers an unlikely champion for the transforming power of grace. Through the narrative of Sasha's redemption, we see the false promises of socialism; the soul-destroying influence of unbelief; and how a society cultivates its own demise when it rejects the ultimate source of grace. We see, in short, the kind of world the atheists would give us: a world without Christianity-cold, pitiless, and graceless. And yet, as Sasha shows us, it is a world that is not beyond the healing power of the grace effect. Occasionally infuriating, often amusing, but always inspiring, The Grace Effect will have you cheering for the courageous little girl who shamed the academic elitists of our day. This highly readable book is a collection of powerful insights into the long-term consequences of spiritual indifference and, above all, a remarkable example of how to conquer it. - Dr. Olivera Petrovich, research psychologist, University of Oxford What would a world without Christianity look like? We don't have to guess because such a world does exist: it exists in the current and former Communist bloc. Through the inspiring story of a little girl born in Eastern Europe and now living in America, Larry Taunton draws a sharp contrast between the life-giving influence of Christianity and the worn out theories of atheism and radical secularism. The effect--The Grace Effect--is nothing less than powerful and moving. -- Dinesh D'Souza, former White House policy analyst, fellow of the Hoover Institute at Stanford University, and current president of Kings College |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Deaf in the USSR Claire L. Shaw, 2017-10-15 In Deaf in the USSR, Claire L. Shaw asks what it meant to be deaf in a culture that was founded on a radically utopian, socialist view of human perfectibility. Shaw reveals how fundamental contradictions inherent in the Soviet revolutionary project were negotiated—both individually and collectively— by a vibrant and independent community of deaf people who engaged in complex ways with Soviet ideology. Deaf in the USSR engages with a wide range of sources from both deaf and hearing perspectives—archival sources, films and literature, personal memoirs, and journalism—to build a multilayered history of deafness. This book will appeal to scholars of Soviet history and disability studies as well as those in the international deaf community who are interested in their collective heritage. Deaf in the USSR will also enjoy a broad readership among those who are interested in deafness and disability as a key to more inclusive understandings of being human and of language, society, politics, and power. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: India and the Soviet Union Santosh K. Mehrotra, 1990 India was the Soviet Union's most important trading partner among the less developed countries (LDCs) and the largest recipient of Soviet aid to non-socialist LDCs. Similarly the Soviet Union is one of India's largest trade partners. In this 1991 book, Santosh Mehrotra presents a comprehensive study of this trading relationship and the transfer of technology from the Soviet Union. He begins by outlining Indian economic strategy since the 1950s and the role of Soviet and East European technical assistance. Part II examines Soviet technological transfer to India since 1955. The final chapters analyse Indo-Soviet trade in the 1970s and 1980s, covering payment arrangements and bilateral trading. The book is an exhaustive analysis of economic relations between an industrialised planned economy and a developing market economy. It will therefore become essential reading for students and specialists of development economics and international relations as well as for government and institutional economists in international trade and finance. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Screening Soviet Nationalities Oksana Sarkisova, 2016-11-30 Filmmakers in the early decades of the Soviet Union sought to create a cinematic map of the new state by portraying its land and peoples on screen. Such films created blueprints of the Soviet domain's scenic, cultural and ethnographic perimeters and brought together - in many ways disparate - nations under one umbrella. Categorised as kulturfilms, they served as experimental grounds for developing the cinematic formulae of a multiethnic, multinational Soviet identity. Screening Soviet Nationalities examines the non-fictional representations of Soviet borderlands from the Far North to the Northern Caucasus and Central Asia between 1925-1940. Beginning with Dziga Vertov and his vision of the Soviet space as a unified, multinational mosaic, Oksana Sarkisova rediscovers films by Vladimir Erofeev, Vladimir Shneiderov, Alexander Litvinov, Mikhail Slutskii, Amo Bek-Nazarov, Mikhail Kalatozov, Roman Karmen and other filmmakers who helped construct an image of Soviet ethnic diversity and left behind a lasting visual legacy.The book contributes to our understanding of changing ethnographic conventions of representation, looks at studies of diversity despite the homogenising ambitions of the Soviet project, and reexamines methods of blending reality and fiction as part of both ideological and educational agendas. Using a wealth of unexplored archival evidence from the Russian State Documentary Film and Photo Archive (RGAKFD) as well as the Gosfilmofond state film archive, Sarkisova examines constructions of exoticism, backwardness and Soviet-driven modernity through these remarkable and underexplored historical travelogues. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Bread of Affliction William Moskoff, 2002-08-08 This book tells how the Soviet Union fed itself after the invasion by the Germans during World War II. The author argues that central planning became much less important in feeding the population, and civilians were thereby forced to become considerably more self reliant in feeding themselves. A rationing system was instituted soon after the war began, but quickly became irrelevant because of the chronic food shortages. The breakdown in central supplies of food was accompanied by the diminished importance of the ruble, which in many places was replaced by bread and clothing as the medium of exchange. Although the Soviet army was given high precedence over civilians, the author also shows that the population living under German occupation was much worse off than were Soviet civilians living in the rear. In addition to extensive use of American and German archives from the war period, the author interviewed more than thirty Soviet emigrés who survived the war. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Political Authority and Party Secretaries in Poland, 1975-1986 Paul G. Lewis, 1989-06-08 This book deals with the changing position and role of the Polish United Workers' Party and its apparatus between 1975 and 1986. Their role and the way they perform it is seen as a major determinant of the nature of party leadership and, more generally, of the strength of political authority in communist states. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Process of Investment in the Soviet Union David A. Dyker, 2010-06-24 This 1983 book presents a comprehensive account of the cycle of fixed capital investment in the Soviet Union, from strategic decision-taking in the Kremlin down to the level of individual building sites. Dr Dyker places the subject in the context of welfare economics and decision-taking theory, but the book's emphasis is on the detailed empirical analysis of Soviet material. It includes analysis of the Soviet design and construction sectors and the developments in Soviet procedures for assessing investment effectiveness, as well as a unique series of case studies of individual investment projects. In a concluding chapter Dr Dyker assesses overall investment effectiveness in the Soviet Union, and looks at Soviet investment planning and Soviet development strategy. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Origins of the Stalinist Political System Graeme Gill, Graeme J. Gill, 2002-07-18 New and challenging perspectives on Soviet political development from 1917 to 1941. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Precarious Truce Gabriel Gorodetsky, 1977-03-03 Lenin's death at the beginning of 1924 coincided with an exhaustive search by the USSR for a modus vivendi with the capitalist world. In laying the foundations of peaceful co-existence, priority was given to the cultivation of relations with Britain. This study examines the British government's various responses to the Soviet overtures. The scope of the work ranges from Labour's de jure recognition of the Soviet Union at the beginning of 1924 to the Conservatives' severance of relations in May 1927. The bulk of the study is set against the background of rapidly deteriorating relations and traces the unsparing measures employed by the Russians to forestall an open breach. Equal attention is paid to the Soviet government's straightforward diplomatic moves and to activities under the auspices of Comintern and the Soviet trade unions which rallied support without regard to frontiers or international protocol. The main aim was to strengthen the security and economic recovery of the Soviet Union, but revolutionary aspirations remain on the agenda. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Hungarian Economic Reforms 1953-1988 Ivan T. Berend, 1990-05-25 Professor Berend presents a comprehensive inside account of Hungary's economic reforms since the 1950s. Working from Communist Party archives, which have hitherto partially remained closed to scholars, Berend situates the history of these economic reforms within their political context, looking in particular at the role of the Soviet Union. He examines the theoretical background to reform, the obstacles that arose during implementation and the gradual realisation that minor reforms of the old system could no longer work. The Hungarian Economic Reforms 1953-1988 comes at a time when many centrally planned economies are examining their performance and structure and seeking suitable forms of change. The Hungarian reforms have attracted those countries wishing to rid themselves of their Stalinist command economies. Thus the book indirectly sheds light upon Chinese economic reforms and on Gorbachev's Soviet perestroika. It will be of interest to specialists and students of East European studies, with special reference to the EMEA, planned economies and economic reform. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Socialist Economic Integration Jozef M. van Brabant, 1980-07-31 This book examines the history of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and attempts to assess the probable future of economic integration of the CMEA. The author pursues three main themes in analyzing the sluggish pace of East European integration on trade during the last thirty years, the role of East-West relations in the integration process, and the future of integration in the 1980s. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Soviet Socialist Realism C.Vaughan James, 1973-06-18 |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Stalin and the Literary Intelligentsia, 1928-39 A. Kemp-Welch, 2016-07-27 Stalin's fascination with writers was fully reciprocated as the many 'Odes to Stalin' show. During the 1970s a hugely elaborated system was established for the regulation of belles-lettres based on institutions, ideas and individuals. This original study, ten years in preparation, is based on extensive access to Soviet archives. Much new evidence has been uncovered about the inner workings of cultural policy in the Stalin period and documents by Stalin himself are published for the first time. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: Greetings, Pushkin! Jonathan Brooks Platt, 2016-09-02 In 1937, the Soviet Union mounted a national celebration commemorating the centenary of poet Alexander Pushkin's death. Though already a beloved national literary figure, the scale and feverish pitch of the Pushkin festival was unprecedented. Greetings, Pushkin! presents the first in-depth study of this historic event and follows its manifestations in art, literature, popular culture, education, and politics, while also examining its philosophical underpinnings. Jonathan Brooks Platt looks deeply into the motivations behind the Soviet glorification of a long-dead poet—seemingly at odds with the October revolution's radical break with the past. He views the Pushkin celebration as a conjunction of two opposing approaches to time and modernity: monumentalism and eschatology. Monumentalism—in pointing to specific moments and individuals as the origin point for cultural narratives, and eschatology—which glorifies ruptures in the chain of art or thought, and the destruction of canons. In the midst of the Great Purge, the Pushkin jubilee was a critical element in the drive toward a nationalist discourse that attempted to unify and subsume the disparate elements of the Soviet Union, supporting the move to socialism in one country. |
| sheila fitzpatrick the commissariat of enlightenment: The Czechoslovak Economy 1948-1988 Martin Myant, 1989-09-29 Dr Myant presents a detailed account of the development and performance of the Czech economy over a period of forty years, and reveals the problems and tensions created by the chosen system of centralised planning. Dr Myant's conclusion is that any economic reform will have little substance unless accompanied by appropriate political change. |
Sheila - Wikipedia
Sheila (alternatively spelled Shelagh and Sheelagh) is a common feminine given name, derived from the Irish …
Sheila - Name Meaning, What does Sheila mean? - Think B…
What does Sheila mean? S heila as a girls' name is pronounced SHEE-lah. It is of Irish and Gaelic origin, and the …
Sheila Name Meaning, Origin, History, And Popularity
May 7, 2024 · Sheila is an elegant, feminine name of Irish origin. It is taken from the Irish term ‘Sile.’ It is …
Meaning, origin and history of the name Sheila
Jan 21, 2022 · Anglicized form of Síle.
Sheila - Baby Name Meaning, Origin, and Popularity
5 days ago · The name Sheila is a girl's name of Irish origin meaning "blind". Sheila peaked in popularity from the …
Sheila - Wikipedia
Sheila (alternatively spelled Shelagh and Sheelagh) is a common feminine given name, derived from the Irish name Síle, which is believed to be a Gaelic form of the Latin name Caelia, the …
Sheila - Name Meaning, What does Sheila mean? - Think Baby Names
What does Sheila mean? S heila as a girls' name is pronounced SHEE-lah. It is of Irish and Gaelic origin, and the meaning of Sheila is "blind". Variant of Sile, an Irish form of the Latin …
Sheila Name Meaning, Origin, History, And Popularity
May 7, 2024 · Sheila is an elegant, feminine name of Irish origin. It is taken from the Irish term ‘Sile.’ It is considered a Gaelic form of the Latin name Caelia, the feminine form of the old …
Meaning, origin and history of the name Sheila
Jan 21, 2022 · Anglicized form of Síle.
Sheila - Baby Name Meaning, Origin, and Popularity
5 days ago · The name Sheila is a girl's name of Irish origin meaning "blind". Sheila peaked in popularity from the 1930s to the 1960s (she reached Number 49 in 1965), along with Maureen …
Sheila - Name Meaning and Origin
The name Sheila is of Irish origin and is derived from the name Síle, which is a diminutive form of the name Cecilia. It means "blind" or "heavenly" and is often associated with qualities such as …
Sheila — Wikipédia
Sheila, nom de scène d'Annie Chancel [1], est une chanteuse française née le 16 août 1945 à Créteil (alors dans le département de la Seine) [2]. Icône des années yéyé en France, Sheila …
Sheila: Biblical Meaning and Origin of This Name in the Bible
The name Sheila, while not one of the most commonly recognized names in the Bible, carries profound meaning rooted in peace and exaltation. Its connections to biblical principles and …
Origin of the Name Sheila (Complete History) - Lets Learn Slang
Delve into the captivating journey of the name Sheila as we explore its fascinating origins and uncover the complete history behind this enigmatic moniker.
Sheila (French singer) - Wikipedia
Annie Chancel (born 16 August 1945), known as Sheila, is a French pop singer who became successful as a solo artist in the 1960s and 1970s, and was also part of the duo Sheila & …
