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| silicon biochemistry: Biochemistry David E. Metzler, 2001-04-25 The most comprehensive textbook/reference ever to cover the chemical basis of life, the Green Bible of Biochemistry has been a well-respected contribution to the field for more than twenty years. The complex structures that make up cells are described in detail, along with the forces that hold them together, and the chemical reactions that allow for recognition, signaling and movement. There is ample information on the human body, its genome, and the action of muscles, eyes, and the brain. The complete set deals with the natural world, treating the metabolism of bacteria, toxins, antibiotics, specialized compounds made by plants, photosynthesis, luminescence of fireflies, among many other topics.* The most comprehensive biochemistry text reference available on the market* Organized into two volumes, comprising 32 chapters and containing the latest research in the field* Biological content is emphasized: for example, macromolecular structures and enzyme action are discussed |
| silicon biochemistry: Biochemistry of the Essential Ultratrace Elements Earl Frieden, 2012-12-06 The remarkable development of molecular biology has had its counterpart in an impressive growth of a segment of biology that might be described as atomic biology. The past several decades have witnessed an explosive growth in our knowledge of the many elements that are essential for life and maintenance of plants and animals. These essential elements include the bulk elements (hydro gen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), the macrominerals (sodium, potas sium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphorus), and the trace elements. This last group includes the ultra trace elements and iron, zinc, and copper. Only the ultratrace elements are featured in this book. Iron has attracted so much research that two volumes are devoted to this metal-The Biochemistry of Non-Heme Iron by A. Bezkoravainy, Plenum Press, 1980, and The Biochemistry of Heme Iron (in preparation). Copper and zinc are also represented by a separate volume in this series. The present volume begins with a discussion of essentiality as applied to the elements and a survey of the entire spectrum of possible required elements. |
| silicon biochemistry: Silicon Biochemistry David Evered, Maeve O'Connor, 2008-04-30 The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world. |
| silicon biochemistry: Silicone Surface Science Michael J. Owen, Petar R. Dvornic, 2012-05-22 Silicone Surface Science offers a survey of the major topics concerning the properties and behavior of silicone surfaces. It covers all main aspects of the subject, including: polydimethylsiloxane, spread monolayers, self-assembled monolayers, hydrophobicity and super-hydrophobicity, coupling agents, surfactants, fluorosilicones, surface treatments and surface analysis. This book brings together the field's leading experts who investigated both fundamental and applied aspects of silicone surface science and technology, and introduces the reader to the origins and historical development of silicone surfaces as well as to their most significant current key features. Silicone Surface Science is an invaluable guide and indispensable reference source for all those interested in this important area of polymer and materials science and technology, from graduate students to experienced scientists alike. |
| silicon biochemistry: Biochemistry of Silicon and Related Problems Gerd Bendz, 2013-06-29 Silicon chemistry was initiated in 1823 by Berzelius who prepared elemental silicon. In many ways silicon was considered a typical opposite of carbon, although the two elements are closely related as to their electronic structure, both having four valence electrons. The properties of their compounds are, however, extreme ly different. Both form extended structures, but in different ways - carbon by covalent carbon-carbon bonds; silicon by polar silicon- -oxygen-silicon bonds. The complex carbon compounds are integral parts of all living matter, plants and animals. The corresponding silicon compounds build up a major part of dead matter, soils and minerals. As recently as twenty years ago the title of this Symposium, BiOChemistry of Silicon, would have been considered as contradictio in adjecto. However, the development in the field has, during the past fifteen years, been overwhelming and has convinced us that silicon is a necessary element in the life processes, for animals as well as for plants. Interesting therapeutical uses have been suggested, but we have also become increasingly aware of serious occupational diseases - asbestosis and silicosis - and of possible cancerogenic effects. It is our hope that this volume will give some idea about various aspects of silicon compounds which were discussed during the Symposium. |
| silicon biochemistry: The Analytical Chemistry of Silicones A. Lee Smith, I. M. Kolthoff, 1991-01-16 High-Resolution Solid-State NMR of Silicates and Zeolites Gunter Engelhardt and Dieter Michel I strongly recommend this book as an important reference for scientists concerned with the structural properties of siliceous materials. --Applied Spectroscopy This well-organized and up-to-date text gives a thorough account of the wide range of applications of multinuclear high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy in silicate and zeolite science, with emphasis on the kinds of chemical information retrievable from NMR experiments. 1988 (0 471-91597-1) 485 pp. The Chemistry of Silica Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties, and Biochemistry Ralph K. Iler A major component of the earth's solid surface and the constituent of sand, silica--an ageless natural staple--is also integral to industries as diverse as chemistry, biology, medicine, agriculture, metallurgy, and mining. This landmark reference details the chemistry surrounding the research and development of silica as well as information on its production and production control. 1979 (0 471-02404-X) 866 pp. The Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds Parts 1 and 2 Edited by Saul Patai and Zvi Rappoport This volume will probably become the first reference consulted for C-Si chemistry. --Choice This authoritative account of organic compounds containing carbon-silicon bonds brings specialists up-to-date to the field's latest innovative turns. The emphasis in this compilation of studies--from 17 prominent researchers--is on small molecules, single bonds, analysis, structure, synthesis, spectroscopy, and reaction mechanisms. Part 1:1989 (0 471-91441-X) 892 pp. Part 2:1989 (0 471-91992-6) 1,668 pp. |
| silicon biochemistry: Algal Physiology and Biochemistry William Duncan Patterson Stewart, 1974 |
| silicon biochemistry: Immunology of Silicones Michael Potter, Noel Rose, 2012-12-06 This issue of Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology records the proceedings of a Workshop on the Immunology of Sili cones held at the Natcher Conference Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, March 13 and 14, 1995. A large num ber of investigators from North America and Europe met to discuss available data on how the immune system responds to silicones and related materials. Some aspects of this field are controversial. Nonetheless, the meeting was marked by a civil and open ex change of scientific information and divergent interpretations, re flecting the traditions of scientific communication. Each invited participant was asked to submit an article sum marizing his/her presentation. Most of the papers are published as submitted, with only editorial changes to conform with the guide lines given to each contributor or revisions to clarify aspects of the paper. The papers should not be regarded as peer-reviewed publi cations. This preface will attempt to outline some of the immu nological areas of investigation relating to silicones. |
| silicon biochemistry: Introduction to Biochemistry Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-07-30 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
| silicon biochemistry: Biochemistry And Physiology of Nutrition Geoffrey Bourne, 2012-12-02 Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Volume II focuses on the processes, methods, and studies on nutrition. The book starts by discussing intracellular localization through histochemical methods of enzymes and vitamins; the structural changes in vitamin deficiency; and microbiology of digestion. Deficiencies in vitamins, A, C, D, E, B1, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, biotin, and folic acid are noted. The book then focuses on microbiology of digestion, considering the establishment of microbial population in the alimentary tract, results of microbial digestion, antibiotics, and intestinal flora of man. The text also defines the nutrition system of worms, insects, and protozoa. The generation of ATP in terminal respiration and anaerobic glycolysis, as well as ATP's role in energy transfer, is noted. The discussions also focus on hydrolytic and phosphorylitic enzymes, such as carbohydrates, esterases, amidases, phosphatases, and phosporylases. Other topics covered are respiratory enzymes and coenzymes in which nucleotides, glucose diphosphate, diphosphoglyceric acid, and thiamine pyrophosphate are noted. The book notes the functions of iron compounds in the body, particularly in blood and tissues, and then touches on calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Given considerations are calcium and phosphorus in blood, skeletal calcium and phosphorus, and the factors affecting adsorption. A discussion also focuses on trace elements and the effects of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in nutrition. The book is a vital source of data for readers interested in studying the elements, factors, processes, and methods involved in nutrition. |
| silicon biochemistry: Silicon and Siliceous Structures in Biological Systems T.L. Simpson, B.E. Volcani, 2012-12-06 The publication of this book was undertaken with two purposes in view: to bring together informatian on the deposition by living organ isms of unique skeletal structures composed of amorphous silica, and to review recent data on the involvement of silicon in physiological and biochemical processes. Although widely varying viewpoints are represented, all the contributors are very interested in the events in volved in the formatian of siliceaus structures and their function. Data presented deal with these questions in a variety of plant and animal systems, and at levels ranging from the evolutionary to the biochemical and ultrastructural. Innovations in electron microscopy and, indeed, the advent of electron microscopy itself, have stimulated many ultra structural studies of silica deposition, work which has deepened and widened the interest in those organisms which routinely produce glassy skeletons. The question of how silicon participates in biological systems in volves a spectrum of fields that indudes the chemistry of silicon per se, its biogeochemistry, biochemistry, ecology, and so forth. In this book, however, attention is focused up on the biological aspects of silicon and siliceous structures, with emphasis on the evolutian, phylogeny, morphology, and distribution of siliceaus structures, on the cellular as peets of silica deposition, and on the physiological and biochemical roles of silicon. This volume represents the first compilatian of such data. Because such a variety of subjects and fields are covered, the reader will have to glean for himself some of the comparative aspects of the data. |
| silicon biochemistry: Chemical Sensitivity, Volume I William J. Rea, 2023-07-28 Chemical Sensitivity is the first major scientific book series on chemical sensitivity, an increasingly important worldwide health problem. This four-volume series features results from the study of more than 20,000 environmentally sensitive patients at the Environmental Health Center (EHC) in Dallas. Results from the study at EHC are supplemented by information accumulated from the treatment and study of an estimated 100,000 patients by other environmentally oriented physicians and scientists around the world. |
| silicon biochemistry: Metal Toxicology Handbook Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, 2020-11-19 Heavy metals and metalloids, singly or in combination, induce toxic manifestations either through acute or chronic pathology. In particular, long-term chronic exposure to diverse heavy metals and metalloids to humans and animals can lead to numerous physical, muscular, neurological, nephrological, and diverse degenerative diseases and dysfunctions, including multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and several others. Recognized heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, thallium, and hexavalent chromium are known for enormous toxicity. The immediate vital signs of acute heavy metal exposure include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and acute abdominal pain. Mercury has been identified as the most toxic heavy metal, and mercury poisoning is known as acrodynia or pink disease. Similarly, lead, another toxic heavy metal, was at one time an integral part of painting. Metal Toxicology Handbook further explains and discusses the varying attributes of metals, discussing toxicity, safety, and proper human utilization of metals. Beginning with a broad overview of metals, metalloids, redox biology, and neurodegeneration and going further into the roles, benefits, and toxicity of metals with each section, the text contains 28 chapters from eminent researchers and scientists in their respective fields and is a must-have for anyone researching the potential toxicity in metals. Key Features Discusses the pathology of metal toxicity Highlights the benefits of metals Explains the mechanism and salient features of restoring metabolic homeostasis Highlights dose-dependent beneficial and adverse effects of vanadium safety and toxicity The initial introductory section provides a broad overview of metals, metalloids, redox biology, and neurodegeneration. The second section discusses the pathology of metal toxicity in two chapters, while the third section highlights the mechanism and salient features of restoring metabolic homeostasis in two chapters. The fourth section demonstrates the aspect of radionuclides toxicity. In a change of pace, the fifth section discusses the benefits of metals in four chapters. The sixth section, titled Toxic Manifestations by Diverse Heavy Metals and Metalloids, provides fourteen chapters that discuss the toxicological mechanism and manifestation of individual metals. The editors have crafted a commentary titled A Treatise on Metal Toxicity and summarized a vivid scenario of metal toxicity and its consequences. |
| silicon biochemistry: Silicon in Agriculture L.E. Datnoff, G.H. Snyder, G.H. Korndörfer, 2001-04-11 Presenting the first book to focus on the importance of silicon for plant health and soil productivity and on our current understanding of this element as it relates to agriculture.Long considered by plant physiologists as a non-essential element, or plant nutrient, silicon was the center of attention at the first international conference on Silicon in Agriculture, held in Florida in 1999.Ninety scientists, growers, and producers of silicon fertilizer from 19 countries pondered a paradox in plant biology and crop science. They considered the element Si, second only to oxygen in quantity in soils, and absorbed by many plants in amounts roughly equivalent to those of such nutrients as sulfur or magnesium. Some species, including such staples as rice, may contain this element in amounts as great as or even greater than any other inorganic constituent. Compilations of the mineral composition of plants, however, and much of the plant physiological literature largely ignore this element. The participants in Silicon in Agriculture explored that extraordinary discrepancy between the silicon content of plants and that of the plant research enterprise.The participants, all of whom are active in agricultural science, with an emphasis on crop production, presented, and were presented with, a wealth of evidence that silicon plays a multitude of functions in the real world of plant life. Many soils in the humid tropics are low in plant available silicon, and the same condition holds in warm to hot humid areas elsewhere. Field experience, and experimentation even with nutrient solutions, reveals a multitude of functions of silicon in plant life. Resistance to disease is one, toleration of toxic metals such as aluminum, another. Silicon applications often minimize lodging of cereals (leaning over or even becoming prostrate), and often cause leaves to assume orientations more favorable for light interception. For some crops, rice and sugarcane in particular, spectacular yield responses to silicon application have been obtained. More recently, other crop species including orchids, daisies and yucca were reported to respond to silicon accumulation and plant growth/disease control. The culture solutions used for the hydroponic production of high-priced crops such as cucumbers and roses in many areas (The Netherlands for example) routinely included silicon, mainly for disease control. The biochemistry of silicon in plant cell walls, where most of it is located, is coming increasingly under scrutiny; the element may act as a crosslinking element between carbohydrate polymers.There is an increased conviction among scientists that the time is at hand to stop treating silicon as a plant biological nonentity. The element exists, and it matters. |
| silicon biochemistry: Biochemistry - (Theory) EduGorilla Prep Experts, 2024-09-11 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
| silicon biochemistry: Handbook of Plant Nutrition Allen V. Barker, David J. Pilbeam, 2016-04-19 The burgeoning demand on the world food supply, coupled with concern over the use of chemical fertilizers, has led to an accelerated interest in the practice of precision agriculture. This practice involves the careful control and monitoring of plant nutrition to maximize the rate of growth and yield of crops, as well as their nutritional value. |
| silicon biochemistry: The Earth as a Distant Planet M. Vázquez, E. Pallé, P. Montañés Rodríguez, 2010-03-12 In The Earth as a Distant Planet, the authors become external observers of our solar system from a distance and try to determine how one can understand how Earth, the third in distance to the central star, is essentially unique and capable of sustaining life. The knowledge gained from this original perspective is then applied to the search for other planets outside the solar system, or exoplanets. Since the discovery in 1992 of the first exoplanet, the number of planet detections has increased exponentially and ambitious missions are already being planned for the future. The exploration of Earth and the rest of the rocky planets are Rosetta stones in classifying and understanding the multiplicity of planetary systems that exist in our galaxy. In time, statistics on the formation and evolution of exoplanets will be available and will provide vital information for solving some of the unanswered questions about the formation, as well as evolution of our own world and solar system. Special attention is paid to the biosignatures (signs of life) detectable in the Earth's reflected spectra and the search for life in the universe. The authors are experts on the subject of extrasolar planets. They provide an introductory but also very much up-to-date text, making this book suitable for researchers and for advanced students in astronomy and astrophysics. |
| silicon biochemistry: Chemistry and Science Fiction Karsten Müller, 2025-02-13 This book aims to introduce students (and other interested laypeople) to chemistry in a fun way, using examples from science fiction. The individual chapters are deliberately kept short to enhance readability. The book can especially be used as supplementary reading for lectures in chemistry and related disciplines. |
| silicon biochemistry: Sports Nutrition Ira Wolinsky, Judy A. Driskell, 2005-10-31 In competitive sports where an extra breath or a millisecond quicker neural response can spell the difference between fame and mediocrity, a number of myths have persisted around the impact of what might be considered megadoses of various vitamins and trace elements. We do know that a growing body of research indicates that work capacity, oxygen co |
| silicon biochemistry: The Biological Chemistry of the Elements J. J. R. Frausto da Silva, Robert Joseph Paton Williams, 2001-08-16 This text describes the functional role of the twenty inorganic elements essential to life in living organisms. |
| silicon biochemistry: Aluminium in Biology and Medicine Derek J. Chadwick, Julie Whelan, 2008-04-30 Prominent contributors address issues regarding the toxicity of aluminum which causes an encephalopathy in renal dialysis patients and is also known to damage animals and plants via acid rain. Examines the chemistry and biology of aluminum compounds focusing on the evidence for and against aluminum's role in Alzheimer's disease. |
| silicon biochemistry: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease Katherine L. Tucker, Christopher P. Duggan, Gordon L. Jensen, Karen E. Peterson, 2024-11-27 Introducing the twelfth edition of Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, a seminal text in the field of nutrition. Originally published in 1950, this revised print and digital edition—now in full-color—serves as both a comprehensive learning resource for undergraduate and graduate nutrition majors, and an authoritative reference for nutrition practitioners. Authored and edited by distinguished experts worldwide, this twelfth edition features new chapters on interprofessional practice, global food systems, precision nutrition, and more. With a focus on physiological nutrition principles and fully referenced with the latest scientific research, this edition showcases major advancements in understanding nutrition's role in disease prevention. It continues the tradition of providing in-depth information on various aspects of nutrition, making it an invaluable tool for undergraduates, graduate nutrition majors, and the medical community. |
| silicon biochemistry: Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry Mark Baskaran, 2011-10-13 Applications of radioactive and stable isotopes have revolutionized our understanding of the Earth and near-earth surface processes. The utility of the isotopes are ever-increasing and our sole focus is to bring out the applications of these isotopes as tracers and chronometers to a wider audience so that they can be used as powerful tools to solve environmental problems. New developments in this field remain mostly in peer-reviewed journal articles and hence our goal is to synthesize these findings for easy reference for students, faculty, regulators in governmental and non-governmental agencies, and environmental companies. While this volume maintains its rigor in terms of its depth of knowledge and quantitative information, it contains the breadth needed for wide variety problems and applications in the environmental sciences. This volume presents all of the newer and older applications of isotopes pertaining to the environmental problems in one place that is readily accessible to readers. This book not only has the depth and rigor that is needed for academia, but it has the breadth and case studies to illustrate the utility of the isotopes in a wide variety of environments (atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers and streams, terrestrial environments, and sub-surface environments) and serves a large audience, from students and researchers, regulators in federal, state and local governments, and environmental companies. |
| silicon biochemistry: Future Sports Gardner Dozois, Jack Dann, 2013-06-15 Are you ready to rumble? Enter a world of weird sportsmanship in this unique sci-fi anthology of stories by such great visionaries as: Arthur C. Clarke, Kim Stanley Robinson, Michael Swanwick, Howard Waldrop, Jonathan Lethem, Alastair Reynolds, Ian McDonald, Robert Reed _The Wind from the SunÓ by Arthur C. Clarke _Arthur Sternbach Brings the Curveball to MarsÓ by Kim Stanley Robinson _Man-Mountain GentianÓ by Howard Waldrop _WinningÓ by Ian McDonald _The DeadÓ by Michael Swanwick _Game of the CenturyÓ by Robert Reed _StreakÓ by Andrew Weiner _The Holy Stomper vs. the Alien Barrel of DeathÓ by R. Neube _StroboscopicÓ by Alastair Reynolds _Vanilla DunkÓ by Jonathan Lethem At the publisher's request, this title is sold without DRM (Digital Rights Management). |
| silicon biochemistry: Dangerous Games Gardner Dozois, Jack Dann, 2013-06-15 In the reality shows of the future, people will literally be dying to watch. Science fiction's most expert dreamers envision the computerized, high-risk games of the future in this winning collection. Features: Robert Sheckley Cory Doctorow Kate Wilhelm Alastair Reynolds Vernor Vinge Jonathan Letham Gwyneth Jones William Browning Spencer Allen Steele Terry Dowling Jason Stoddard At the publisher's request, this title is sold without DRM (Digital Rights Management). |
| silicon biochemistry: Metallotherapeutic Drugs and Metal-Based Diagnostic Agents Marcel Gielen, Edward R. T. Tiekink, 2005-09-01 There are an astonishing number and variety of roles that metals play in contemporary medicine. This book contains information on the medicinal uses of inorganics, that is, of elements such as boron, lithium, selenium, to name a few, as well as metal-containing species. In keeping with the notion that healthy mammals rely on (bio-essential) metals for the normal functioning of approximately a third of their proteins and enzymes, a large number of drugs are metal-based and considerable effort is being devoted to developing both second- and third-generation drugs as well as generating novel metal-based drugs. While there is no doubt that there is an emphasis on 'Metallotherapeutics' throughout the volume, the use of metals in medicine is not restricted to metal-based drugs. The following are also covered: non-invasive radiopharmaceuticals Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) mineral supplements From the foregoing and, more importantly, from the contents of the various Chapters, the reader will gain an appreciation of the very real role metal-based drugs play in modern medicine and of the considerable effort being devoted to the development of novel complexes with greater efficacy as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. |
| silicon biochemistry: The Biology of Diatoms Dietrich Werner, 1977-01-01 |
| silicon biochemistry: Organic Acids in Geological Processes Edward D. Pittman, Michael D. Lewan, 2012-12-06 In May of 1991, Victor Van Buren, who was then with Springer Verlag in New York City, asked us for timely topics in the earth sciences that would be appropriate for publication as a book. We all quickly agreed that recent interest and research activity on the role of organic acids in geological processes would make a timely book on this diverse and controversial topic. As coeditors, we outlined chapter topics for such a book that maintained a good balance between geological and geochemical interests. Specific authors were then sought for each of the chapter topics. We had exceptional success in getting leading researchers as authors, and their response was universally enthusiastic. This approach has been most gratifying in that it provides a cohesion and conciseness that is not always present in books representing compilations of papers from symposia. This book does not resolve the controver sies that exist regarding the significance of organic acids in geolog ical processes. However, it does present both sides of the controver sies in terms of available data and current interpretations. Readers may judge for themselves and envisage research necessary to resolve these controversies in the future. We thank the authors of this book for their participation, dedication, and cooperation. We are also grateful for support from Dr. Wolfgang Engel and his staff at Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg) in expediting the editing and publication of this book in a timely manner. |
| silicon biochemistry: Astrobiology Charles S. Cockell, 2020-04-09 A guide to understanding the formation of life in the Universe The revised and updated second edition of Astrobiology offers an introductory text that explores the structure of living things, the formation of the elements required for life in the Universe, the biological and geological history of the Earth, and the habitability of other planets. Written by a noted expert on the topic, the book examines many of the major conceptual foundations in astrobiology, which cover a diversity of traditional fields including chemistry, biology, geosciences, physics, and astronomy. The book explores many profound questions such as: How did life originate on Earth? How has life persisted on Earth for over three billion years? Is there life elsewhere in the Universe? What is the future of life on Earth? Astrobiology is centered on investigating the past and future of life on Earth by looking beyond Earth to get the answers. Astrobiology links the diverse scientific fields needed to understand life on our own planet and, potentially, life beyond. This new second edition: Expands on information about the nature of astrobiology and why it is useful Contains a new chapter “What is Life?” that explores the history of attempts to understand life Contains 20% more material on the astrobiology of Mars, icy moons, the structure of life, and the habitability of planets New ‘Discussion Boxes’ to stimulate debate and thought about key questions in astrobiology New review and reflection questions for each chapter to aid learning New boxes describing the careers of astrobiologists and how they got into the subject Offers revised and updated information throughout to reflect the latest advances in the field Written for students of life sciences, physics, astronomy and related disciplines, the updated edition of Astrobiology is an essential introductory text that includes recent advances to this dynamic field. |
| silicon biochemistry: Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel, Roland K.O. Sigel, 2014-01-27 MILS-13 provides an up-to-date review on the relationships between essential metals and human diseases, covering 13 metals and 3 metalloids: The bulk metals sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, plus the trace elements manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and selenium, all of which are essential for life. Also covered are chromium, vanadium, nickel, silicon, and arsenic, which have been proposed as being essential for humans in the 2nd half of the last century. However, if at all, they are needed only in ultra-trace amounts, and because of their prevalence in the environment, it has been difficult to prove whether or not they are required. In any case, all these elements are toxic in higher concentrations and therefore, transport and cellular concentrations of at least the essential ones, are tightly controlled; hence, their homeostasis and role for life, including deficiency or overload, and their links to illnesses, including cancer and neurological disorders, are thoroughly discussed. Indeed, it is an old wisdom that metals are indispensable for life. Therefore, Volume 13 provides in an authoritative and timely manner in 16 stimulating chapters, written by 29 internationally recognized experts from 7 nations, and supported by more than 2750 references, and over 20 tables and 80 illustrations, many in color, a most up-to-date view on the vibrant research area of the Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases. |
| silicon biochemistry: Geochemical and Hydrological Reactivity of Heavy Metals in Soils H. Magdi Selim, William L. Kingery, 2003-03-26 The hydrological and geochemical interactions between clay minerals and organic matter in soils directly influence the reaction, behavior, and mobility of heavy metals in soils. Geochemical and Hydrological Reactivity of Heavy Metals in Soils is one of few books that comprehensively illustrates this cause-and-effect relationship. It highlights anal |
| silicon biochemistry: Biomineralization Kenneth Simkiss, Karl M. Wilbur, 2012-12-02 Biomineralization is the process that produces the skeletons, shells, and teeth of most animals. It is also involved in magnetic orientation, gravity detection, and the storing of ions. This book compares a diverse number of systems, including mineral deposition of invertebrates, vertebrates, algae, and microorganisms. Emphasis is placed on the systems responsible for converting ions to minerals and the mechanisms and control of mineral form. |
| silicon biochemistry: Astrobiology Vera M. Kolb, 2014-08-22 Astrobiology: An Evolutionary Approach provides a full course in astrobiology with an emphasis on abiogenesis and evolution. The book presents astrobiology both as a developing science and as the science of the future.The origins of life and the possibility of life elsewhere continues to be a subject of scientific and philosophical examination. The |
| silicon biochemistry: Complex Biological Systems Irina R. Fomina, Karl Y. Biel, Vladislav G. Soukhovolsky, 2018-10-16 Written and edited by some of the most well-respected authors in the area of the adaptation of plants and animals to climate change, this groundbreaking new work is an extremely important scientific contribution to the study of global warming. Global climate change is one of the most serious and pressing issues facing our planet. Rather than a silver bullet or a single study that solves it, the study of global climate change is like a beach, with each contribution a grain of sand, gathered together as a whole to create a big picture, moving the science forward. This new groundbreaking study focuses on the adaptation and tolerance of plants and animal life to the harsh conditions brought on by climate change or global warming. Using the papers collected here, scientists can better understand global climate change, its causes, results, and, ultimately, the future of life on our planet. The first section lays out a methodology and conceptual direction of the work as a whole, covering the modeling, approaches, and the impacts studied throughout the book. The second section focuses on certain hypotheses laid out by the authors regarding how plants and animal life can adapt and survive in extreme environments. The third section compiles a series of ecological experiments and their conclusions, and a final section is dedicated to previous scientific breakthroughs in this field and the scientists who made them. Whether for the scientist in the field, the student, or as a reference, this groundbreaking new work is a must-have. Focusing on a small part of the global climate change beach, this grain of sand is an extremely important contribution to the scientific literature and a step forward in understanding the problems and potentialities of the issue. |
| silicon biochemistry: Cytomorphogenesis in Plants Oswald Kiermayer, 2012-12-06 In 1958 E. BUNNING published a book in the former series Proto plasmatologia entitled Polaritat und inaquale Teilung des pflanzlichen Protoplasten (polarity and unequal division of the plant protoplast) in which for the first time results of experimental plant cytomorphogenesis were re viewed. This book was based completely on light microscopic observations and rather simple experimental techniques. Since then our knowledge of basic cytomorphogenetic mechanisms has greatly increased, especially with the introduction of modern ultrastructural, biochemical and sophisticated experi mental methods so that the field of cytomorphogenesis in our days should be considered a separate discipline within the general field of cell biology. This book, Cytomorphogenesis in Plants, represents a necessary attempt to bring together current knowledge in this field of research on a comparable basis. Unfortunately enormous gaps in our understanding of the underlying principles of cytomorphogenetic events still exist. Therefore it seemed reason able to present a book composed of individual chapters, each written by experts for a defined experimental system. Each chapter represent a separate treatise with its own references, hence it was not possible to avoid some overlap both in the text and in the literature of the chapters without destroying the uni formity of the respective article. |
| silicon biochemistry: Growth, Dissolution and Pattern Formation in Geosystems B. Jamtveit, P. Meakin, 1999-07-31 This book is based on the 1997 Kongsberg seminar, organised by the Department of Geology at the University of Oslo. The seminar brought together scientists from various disciplines involved in the study of growth and dissolution of minerals and pattern formation in geosystems. The volume includes several chapters dealing with non-equilibrium growth processes and pattern formation, which have recently become recognised as much more common in geological systems than hitherto thought. The multidisciplinary context of this book will promote cross-fertilisation of ideas in a rapidly developing area that has a wide range of important applications in mineralogy and petrology as well as in other areas of science and technology. Audience: This volume will be of interest not only to a wide audience within the geoscience community, but also to scientists working in related disciplines interested in mineral growth and dissolution processes in general and the coupling of such processes with transport and deformation in sedimentary and metamorphic systems. |
| silicon biochemistry: The Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds Saul Patai, Zvi Rappoport, 1989 |
| silicon biochemistry: Handbook of Astrobiology Vera M. Kolb, 2018-12-07 Choice Recommended Title, August 2019 Read an exclusive interview with Professor Vera Kolb here. Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life on Earth. This exciting and significant field of research also investigates the potential existence and search for extra-terrestrial life in the Solar System and beyond. This is the first handbook in this burgeoning and interdisciplinary field. Edited by Vera Kolb, a highly respected astrobiologist, this comprehensive resource captures the history and current state of the field. Rich in information and easy to use, it assumes basic knowledge and provides answers to questions from practitioners and specialists in the field, as well as providing key references for further study. Features: Fills an important gap in the market, providing a comprehensive overview of the field Edited by an authority in the subject, with chapters written by experts in the many diverse areas that comprise astrobiology Contains in-depth and broad coverage of an exciting field that will only grow in importance in the decades ahead |
| silicon biochemistry: Biosilica in Evolution, Morphogenesis, and Nanobiotechnology Werner E. G. Müller, Mikhael A. Grachev, 2009-02-07 Lake Baikal is the oldest, deepest and most voluminous lake on Earth, comprising one fifth of the World’s unfrozen fresh water. It hosts the highest number of endemic animals recorded in any freshwater lake. Until recently it remained enigmatic why such a high diversity evolved in the isolated Lake Baikal. Focusing on the sponges (phylum Porifera) as an example, some answers are provided to fundamental questions on evolutionary forces. The characteristic feature of these animals is that they form their polymeric silicic acid skeleton enzymatically. This process is explored using modern molecular biological and cellular biological techniques to outline strategies to fabricate novel materials applicable in biomedicine and nanooptics. |
| silicon biochemistry: On Biomineralization Heinz A. Lowenstam, Stephen Weiner, 1989-04-06 Focusing on the basic principles of mineral formation by organisms, this comprehensive volume explores questions that relate to a wide variety of fields, from biology and biochemistry, to paleontology, geology, and medical research. Preserved fossils are used to date geological deposits and archaeological artifacts. Materials scientists investigate mineralized tissues to determine the design principles used by organisms to form strong materials. Many medical problems are also associated with normal and pathological mineralization. Lowenstam, the pioneer researcher in biomineralization, and Weiner discuss the basic principles of mineral formation by organisms and compare various mineralization processes. Reference tables listing all known cases in which organisms form minerals are included. |
Silicon - Wikipedia
Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, and is a tetravalent metalloid (sometimes …
Silicon | Element, Atom, Properties, Uses, & Facts | Britannica
4 days ago · Silicon, a nonmetallic chemical element in the carbon family that makes up 27.7 percent of Earth’s crust; it is the second most abundant element in the crust, being surpassed …
Silicon | History, Uses, Facts, Physical & Chemical Characteristics
Silicon is a brittle and hard crystalline solid. It has blue-grey metallic lustre. Silicon, in comparison with neighbouring elements in the periodic table, is unreactive. The symbol for silicon is Si with …
Facts About Silicon - Live Science
Apr 27, 2018 · Silicon is the seventh-most abundant element in the universe and the second-most abundant element on the planet, after oxygen, according to the Royal Society of Chemistry. …
Silicon - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table
Element Silicon (Si), Group 14, Atomic Number 14, p-block, Mass 28.085. Sources, facts, uses, scarcity (SRI), podcasts, alchemical symbols, videos and images.
silicon summary | Britannica
silicon, Nonmetallic to semimetallic chemical element, chemical symbol Si, atomic number 14. Second only to oxygen in abundance in Earth’s crust, it never occurs free but is found in …
Silicon - Electronics, Solar Cells, Alloys | Britannica
May 23, 2025 · Silicones are synthetic organosilicon oxides composed of the elements silicon, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen; they are used as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, waterproofing …
Silicon - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Silicon is a semiconductor, and much used in computers. A typical desktop computer contains several dozen integrated circuits made mostly of silicon. A super-pure isotope of silicon, silicon …
Silicon – expert written, user friendly element information
Silicon is the eighth most abundant element in the Universe; it is made in stars with a mass of eight or more Earth suns. Near the end of their lives these stars enter the carbon burning …
Silicon Facts, Symbol, Discovery, Properties, Common Uses
What is Silicon. Silicon (pronunciation SIL-ee-ken [2]), represented by the chemical symbol or formula Si [1], is a semiconductor [20] belonging to the carbon family [23]. It can be of two …
Silicon - Wikipedia
Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, and is a tetravalent metalloid (sometimes …
Silicon | Element, Atom, Properties, Uses, & Facts | Britannica
4 days ago · Silicon, a nonmetallic chemical element in the carbon family that makes up 27.7 percent of Earth’s crust; it is the second most abundant element in the crust, being surpassed …
Silicon | History, Uses, Facts, Physical & Chemical Characteristics
Silicon is a brittle and hard crystalline solid. It has blue-grey metallic lustre. Silicon, in comparison with neighbouring elements in the periodic table, is unreactive. The symbol for silicon is Si with …
Facts About Silicon - Live Science
Apr 27, 2018 · Silicon is the seventh-most abundant element in the universe and the second-most abundant element on the planet, after oxygen, according to the Royal Society of Chemistry. …
Silicon - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table
Element Silicon (Si), Group 14, Atomic Number 14, p-block, Mass 28.085. Sources, facts, uses, scarcity (SRI), podcasts, alchemical symbols, videos and images.
silicon summary | Britannica
silicon, Nonmetallic to semimetallic chemical element, chemical symbol Si, atomic number 14. Second only to oxygen in abundance in Earth’s crust, it never occurs free but is found in almost …
Silicon - Electronics, Solar Cells, Alloys | Britannica
May 23, 2025 · Silicones are synthetic organosilicon oxides composed of the elements silicon, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen; they are used as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, waterproofing …
Silicon - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Silicon is a semiconductor, and much used in computers. A typical desktop computer contains several dozen integrated circuits made mostly of silicon. A super-pure isotope of silicon, silicon …
Silicon – expert written, user friendly element information
Silicon is the eighth most abundant element in the Universe; it is made in stars with a mass of eight or more Earth suns. Near the end of their lives these stars enter the carbon burning …
Silicon Facts, Symbol, Discovery, Properties, Common Uses
What is Silicon. Silicon (pronunciation SIL-ee-ken [2]), represented by the chemical symbol or formula Si [1], is a semiconductor [20] belonging to the carbon family [23]. It can be of two …
