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| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Shape Optimization by the Homogenization Method Gregoire Allaire, 2012-12-06 The topic of this book is homogenization theory and its applications to optimal design in the conductivity and elasticity settings. Its purpose is to give a self-contained account of homogenization theory and explain how it applies to solving optimal design problems, from both a theoretical and a numerical point of view. The application of greatest practical interest tar geted by this book is shape and topology optimization in structural design, where this approach is known as the homogenization method. Shape optimization amounts to finding the optimal shape of a domain that, for example, would be of maximal conductivity or rigidity under some specified loading conditions (possibly with a volume or weight constraint). Such a criterion is embodied by an objective function and is computed through the solution of astate equation that is a partial differential equa tion (modeling the conductivity or the elasticity of the structure). Apart from those areas where the loads are applied, the shape boundary is al ways assumed to support Neumann boundary conditions (i. e. , isolating or traction-free conditions). In such a setting, shape optimization has a long history and has been studied by many different methods. There is, therefore, a vast literat ure in this field, and we refer the reader to the following short list of books, and references therein [39], [42], [130], [135], [149], [203], [220], [225], [237], [245], [258]. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Shape Optimization by the Homogenization Method Grégoire Allaire, Eric Bonnetier, Gilles Francfort, François Jouve (auteur en mathématiques).), 1995 |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Shape Optimization by the Homogenization Method Gregoire Allaire, 2001-10-19 This book provides an introduction to the theory and numerical developments of the homogenization method. It's main features are: a comprehensive presentation of homogenization theory; an introduction to the theory of two-phase composite materials; a detailed treatment of structural optimization by using homogenization; a complete discussion of the resulting numerical algorithms with many documented test problems. It will be of interest to researchers, engineers, and advanced graduate students in applied mathematics, mechanical engineering, and structural optimization. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Topology Design of Structures Martin P. Bendsøe, Carlos A. Mota Soares, 2012-12-06 Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Sesimbra, Portugal, June 20-26, 1992 |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Optimal Shape Design B. Kawohl, 2000-11-16 Optimal Shape Design is concerned with the optimization of some performance criterion dependent (besides the constraints of the problem) on the shape of some region. The main topics covered are: the optimal design of a geometrical object, for instance a wing, moving in a fluid; the optimal shape of a region (a harbor), given suitable constraints on the size of the entrance to the harbor, subject to incoming waves; the optimal design of some electrical device subject to constraints on the performance. The aim is to show that Optimal Shape Design, besides its interesting industrial applications, possesses nontrivial mathematical aspects. The main theoretical tools developed here are the homogenization method and domain variations in PDE. The style is mathematically rigorous, but specifically oriented towards applications, and it is intended for both pure and applied mathematicians. The reader is required to know classical PDE theory and basic functional analysis. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Evolutionary Structural Optimization Y.M. Xie, Grant P. Steven, 2012-12-06 Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) is a design method based on the simple concept of gradually removing inefficient material from a structure as it is being designed. Through this method, the resulting structure will evolve towards its optimum shape. The latest techniques and results of ESO are presented here, illustrated by numerous clear and detailed examples. Sections cover the fundamental aspects of the method, the application to multiple load cases and multiple support environments, frequency optimization, stiffness and displacement constraints, buckling, jointed frame structures, shape optimization, and stress reduction. This is followed by a section describing Evolve97, a software package which will allow readers to try the ideas of ESO themselves and to solve their optimization problems. This software is provided on a computer diskette which accompanies the book. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Optimization of Structural Topology, Shape, and Material Martin P. Bendsoe, 2013-03-14 In the past, the possibilities of structural optimization were restricted to an optimal choice of profiles and shape. Further improvement can be obtained by selecting appropriate advanced materials and by optimizing the topology, i.e. finding the best position and arrangement of structural elements within a construction. The optimization of structural topology permits the use of optimization algorithms at a very early stage of the design process. The method presented in this book has been developed by Martin Bendsoe in cooperation with other researchers and can be considered as one of the most effective approaches to the optimization of layout and material design. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: IUTAM Symposium on Topological Design Optimization of Structures, Machines and Materials Martin Philip Bendsoe, Niels Olhoff, Ole Sigmund, 2006-10-03 This volume offers edited papers presented at the IUTAM-Symposium Topological design optimization of structures, machines and materials - status and perspectives, October 2005. The papers cover the application of topological design optimization to fluid-solid interaction problems, acoustics problems, and to problems in biomechanics, as well as to other multiphysics problems. Also in focus are new basic modelling paradigms, covering new geometry modelling such as level-set methods and topological derivatives. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Optimal Design of Flexural Systems G. I. N. Rozvany, 2016-10-13 Optimal Design of Flexural Systems: Beams, Grillages, Slabs, Plates and Shells covers theoretical developments and optimal solutions for all boundary conditions that may be of practical or theoretical interest in the design of flexural systems. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with a review of certain fundamental concepts of mechanics, calculus of variations, and optimal design. Subsequent chapters discuss in considerable details the theories of optimal plastic design, as well as the elastic and prestressed systems. Other chapters describe the theory of optimal flexure fields that give an absolute minimum statically admissible moment volume for plane systems, as well as the slabs and grillages optimized within various types of geometrical constraints. The last chapter evaluates experimental work and certain practical aspects of the optimization of flexural systems. This book will be of interest to graduate students, research workers, practicing engineers, and architects in structural engineering, architectural science, aerospace technology, solid mechanics, and applied mathematics. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Shape Optimization, Homogenization and Optimal Control Volker Schulz, Diaraf Seck, 2018-09-05 The contributions in this volume give an insight into current research activities in Shape Optimization, Homogenization and Optimal Control performed in Africa, Germany and internationally. Seeds for collaboration can be found in the first four papers in the field of homogenization. Modelling and optimal control in partial differential equations is the topic of the next six papers, again mixed from Africa and Germany. Finally, new results in the field of shape optimization are discussed in the final international three papers. This workshop, held at the AIMS Center Senegal, March 13-16, 2017, has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and by the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) in Senegal, which is one of six centres of a pan-African network of centres of excellence for postgraduate education, research and outreach in mathematical sciences. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Topology Optimization Martin Philip Bendsoe, Ole Sigmund, 2013-04-17 The art of structure is where to put the holes Robert Le Ricolais, 1894-1977 This is a completely revised, updated and expanded version of the book titled Optimization of Structural Topology, Shape and Material (Bends0e 1995). The field has since then developed rapidly with many new contributions to theory, computational methods and applications. This has that a simple editing of Bends0e (1995) had to be superseded by what meant is to a large extent a completely new book, now by two authors. This work is an attempt to provide a unified presentation of methods for the optimal design of topology, shape and material for continuum and discrete structures. The emphasis is on the now matured techniques for the topology design of continuum structures and its many applications that have seen the light of the day since the first monograph appeared. The technology is now well established and designs obtained with the use of topology optimization methods are in production on a daily basis. The efficient use of materials is important in many different settings. The aerospace industry and the automotive industry, for example, apply sizing and shape optimization to the design of structures and mechanical elements. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures Xiaodong Huang, Mike Xie, 2010-03-11 Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures treads new ground with a comprehensive study on the techniques and applications of evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) and its later version bi-directional ESO (BESO) methods. Since the ESO method was first introduced by Xie and Steven in 1992 and the publication of their well-known book Evolutionary Structural Optimization in 1997, there have been significant improvements in the techniques as well as important practical applications. The authors present these developments, illustrated by numerous interesting and detailed examples. They clearly demonstrate that the evolutionary structural optimization method is an effective approach capable of solving a wide range of topology optimization problems, including structures with geometrical and material nonlinearities, energy absorbing devices, periodical structures, bridges and buildings. Presents latest developments and applications in this increasingly popular & maturing optimization approach for engineers and architects; Authored by leading researchers in the field who have been working in the area of ESO and BESO developments since their conception; Includes a number of test problems for students as well as a chapter of case studies that includes several recent practical projects in which the authors have been involved; Accompanied by a website housing ESO/BESO computer programs at http://www.wiley.com/go/huang and test examples, as well as a chapter within the book giving a description and step-by-step instruction on how to use the software package BESO2D. Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures will appeal to researchers and graduate students working in structural design and optimization, and will also be of interest to civil and structural engineers, architects and mechanical engineers involved in creating innovative and efficient structures. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Shape Optimization Problems Hideyuki Azegami, 2020-09-30 This book provides theories on non-parametric shape optimization problems, systematically keeping in mind readers with an engineering background. Non-parametric shape optimization problems are defined as problems of finding the shapes of domains in which boundary value problems of partial differential equations are defined. In these problems, optimum shapes are obtained from an arbitrary form without any geometrical parameters previously assigned. In particular, problems in which the optimum shape is sought by making a hole in domain are called topology optimization problems. Moreover, a problem in which the optimum shape is obtained based on domain variation is referred to as a shape optimization problem of domain variation type, or a shape optimization problem in a limited sense. Software has been developed to solve these problems, and it is being used to seek practical optimum shapes. However, there are no books explaining such theories beginning with their foundations. The structure of the book is shown in the Preface. The theorems are built up using mathematical results. Therefore, a mathematical style is introduced, consisting of definitions and theorems to summarize the key points. This method of expression is advanced as provable facts are clearly shown. If something to be investigated is contained in the framework of mathematics, setting up a theory using theorems prepared by great mathematicians is thought to be an extremely effective approach. However, mathematics attempts to heighten the level of abstraction in order to understand many things in a unified fashion. This characteristic may baffle readers with an engineering background. Hence in this book, an attempt has been made to provide explanations in engineering terms, with examples from mechanics, after accurately denoting the provable facts using definitions and theorems. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Topology Optimization in Structural Mechanics G.I.N. Rozvany, 2014-05-04 Topology optimization is a relatively new and rapidly expanding field of structural mechanics. It deals with some of the most difficult problems of mechanical sciences but it is also of considerable practical interest, because it can achieve much greater savings than mere cross-section or shape optimization. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Shell Structures for Architecture Sigrid Adriaenssens, Philippe Block, Diederik Veenendaal, Chris Williams, 2014-03-21 *** Featuring a foreword by Pritzker Prize Winner Shigeru Ban *** Bringing together experts from research and practice, Shell Structures for Architecture: Form Finding and Optimization presents contemporary design methods for shell and gridshell structures, covering form-finding and structural optimization techniques. It introduces architecture and engineering practitioners and students to structural shells and provides computational techniques to develop complex curved structural surfaces, in the form of mathematics, computer algorithms, and design case studies. • Part I introduces the topic of shells, tracing the ancient relationship between structural form and forces, the basics of shell behaviour, and the evolution of form-finding and structural optimization techniques. • Part II familiarizes the reader with form-finding techniques to explore expressive structural geometries, covering the force density method, thrust network analysis, dynamic relaxation and particle-spring systems. • Part III focuses on shell shape and topology optimization, and provides a deeper understanding of gradient-based methods and meta-heuristic techniques. • Part IV contains precedent studies of realised shells and gridshells describing their innovative design and construction methods. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Topology Optimization in Engineering Structure Design Jihong Zhu, Tong Gao, 2016-11-08 Topology Optimization in Engineering Structure Design explores the recent advances and applications of topology optimization in engineering structures design, with a particular focus on aircraft and aerospace structural systems.To meet the increasingly complex engineering challenges provided by rapid developments in these industries, structural optimization techniques have developed in conjunction with them over the past two decades. The latest methods and theories to improve mechanical performances and save structural weight under static, dynamic and thermal loads are summarized and explained in detail here, in addition to potential applications of topology optimization techniques such as shape preserving design, smart structure design and additive manufacturing.These new design strategies are illustrated by a host of worked examples, which are inspired by real engineering situations, some of which have been applied to practical structure design with significant effects. Written from a forward-looking applied engineering perspective, the authors not only summarize the latest developments in this field of structure design but also provide both theoretical knowledge and a practical guideline. This book should appeal to graduate students, researchers and engineers, in detailing how to use topology optimization methods to improve product design. - Combines practical applications and topology optimization methodologies - Provides problems inspired by real engineering difficulties - Designed to help researchers in universities acquire more engineering requirements |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Computational Homogenization of Heterogeneous Materials with Finite Elements Julien Yvonnet, 2019-06-11 This monograph provides a concise overview of the main theoretical and numerical tools to solve homogenization problems in solids with finite elements. Starting from simple cases (linear thermal case) the problems are progressively complexified to finish with nonlinear problems. The book is not an overview of current research in that field, but a course book, and summarizes established knowledge in this area such that students or researchers who would like to start working on this subject will acquire the basics without any preliminary knowledge about homogenization. More specifically, the book is written with the objective of practical implementation of the methodologies in simple programs such as Matlab. The presentation is kept at a level where no deep mathematics are required. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Design Sensitivity Analysis of Structural Systems Vadim Komkov, Kyung K. Choi, Edward J. Haug, 1986-05-01 The book is organized into four chapters. The first three treat distinct types of design variables, and the fourth presents a built-up structure formulation that combines the other three. The first chapter treats finite-dimensional problems, in which the state variable is a finite-dimensional vector of structure displacements and the design parameters. The structual state equations are matrix equations for static response, vibration, and buckling of structures and matrix differential equations for transient dynamic response of structures, which design variables appearing in the coefficient matrices. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Optimum Structures W. S. Hemp, 1973 |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Optimal Shape Design for Elliptic Systems O. Pironneau, 2012-12-06 The study of optimal shape design can be arrived at by asking the following question: What is the best shape for a physical system? This book is an applications-oriented study of such physical systems; in particular, those which can be described by an elliptic partial differential equation and where the shape is found by the minimum of a single criterion function. There are many problems of this type in high-technology industries. In fact, most numerical simulations of physical systems are solved not to gain better understanding of the phenomena but to obtain better control and design. Problems of this type are described in Chapter 2. Traditionally, optimal shape design has been treated as a branch of the calculus of variations and more specifically of optimal control. This subject interfaces with no less than four fields: optimization, optimal control, partial differential equations (PDEs), and their numerical solutions-this is the most difficult aspect of the subject. Each of these fields is reviewed briefly: PDEs (Chapter 1), optimization (Chapter 4), optimal control (Chapter 5), and numerical methods (Chapters 1 and 4). |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Applied Shape Optimization for Fluids Bijan Mohammadi, Olivier Pironneau, 2010 Contents: PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; 1. Introduction; 2. Optimal shape design; 3. Partial differential equations for fluids; 4. Some numerical methods for fluids; 5. Sensitivity evaluation and automatic differentiation; 6. Parameterization and implementation issues; 7. Local and global optimization; 8. Incomplete sensitivities; 9. Consistent approximations and approximate gradients; 10. Numerical results on shape optimization; 11. Control of unsteady flows; 12. From airplane design to microfluidic; 13. Toplogical optimization for fluids; 14. Conclusion and perspectives; INDEX. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Topological Derivatives in Shape Optimization Antonio André Novotny, Jan Sokołowski, 2012-12-14 The topological derivative is defined as the first term (correction) of the asymptotic expansion of a given shape functional with respect to a small parameter that measures the size of singular domain perturbations, such as holes, inclusions, defects, source-terms and cracks. Over the last decade, topological asymptotic analysis has become a broad, rich and fascinating research area from both theoretical and numerical standpoints. It has applications in many different fields such as shape and topology optimization, inverse problems, imaging processing and mechanical modeling including synthesis and/or optimal design of microstructures, fracture mechanics sensitivity analysis and damage evolution modeling. Since there is no monograph on the subject at present, the authors provide here the first account of the theory which combines classical sensitivity analysis in shape optimization with asymptotic analysis by means of compound asymptotic expansions for elliptic boundary value problems. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in applied mathematics and computational mechanics interested in any aspect of topological asymptotic analysis. In particular, it can be adopted as a textbook in advanced courses on the subject and shall be useful for readers interested on the mathematical aspects of topological asymptotic analysis as well as on applications of topological derivatives in computation mechanics. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Homogenization and Structural Topology Optimization Behrooz Hassani, Ernest Hinton, 2012-12-06 Structural topology optimization is a fast growing field that is finding numerous applications in automotive, aerospace and mechanical design processes. Homogenization is a mathematical theory with applications in several engineering problems that are governed by partial differential equations with rapidly oscillating coefficients Homogenization and Structural Topology Optimization brings the two concepts together and successfully bridges the previously overlooked gap between the mathematical theory and the practical implementation of the homogenization method. The book is presented in a unique self-teaching style that includes numerous illustrative examples, figures and detailed explanations of concepts. The text is divided into three parts which maintains the book's reader-friendly appeal. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Geometric Partial Differential Equations - Part 2 Andrea Bonito, Ricardo Horacio Nochetto, 2021-01-29 Besides their intrinsic mathematical interest, geometric partial differential equations (PDEs) are ubiquitous in many scientific, engineering and industrial applications. They represent an intellectual challenge and have received a great deal of attention recently. The purpose of this volume is to provide a missing reference consisting of self-contained and comprehensive presentations. It includes basic ideas, analysis and applications of state-of-the-art fundamental algorithms for the approximation of geometric PDEs together with their impacts in a variety of fields within mathematics, science, and engineering. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: An Introduction to Homogenization Doïna Cioranescu, Patrizia Donato, 1999-09-01 |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Isogeometric Analysis J. Austin Cottrell, Thomas J. R Hughes, Yuri Bazilevs, 2009-08-11 “The authors are the originators of isogeometric analysis, are excellent scientists and good educators. It is very original. There is no other book on this topic.” —René de Borst, Eindhoven University of Technology Written by leading experts in the field and featuring fully integrated colour throughout, Isogeometric Analysis provides a groundbreaking solution for the integration of CAD and FEA technologies. Tom Hughes and his researchers, Austin Cottrell and Yuri Bazilevs, present their pioneering isogeometric approach, which aims to integrate the two techniques of CAD and FEA using precise NURBS geometry in the FEA application. This technology offers the potential to revolutionise automobile, ship and airplane design and analysis by allowing models to be designed, tested and adjusted in one integrative stage. Providing a systematic approach to the topic, the authors begin with a tutorial introducing the foundations of Isogeometric Analysis, before advancing to a comprehensive coverage of the most recent developments in the technique. The authors offer a clear explanation as to how to add isogeometric capabilities to existing finite element computer programs, demonstrating how to implement and use the technology. Detailed programming examples and datasets are included to impart a thorough knowledge and understanding of the material. Provides examples of different applications, showing the reader how to implement isogeometric models Addresses readers on both sides of the CAD/FEA divide Describes Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) basis functions |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Introduction to Optimization of Structures N.V. Banichuk, 2013-04-17 This is an exposition of the theory, techniques, and the basic formulation of structural optimization problems. The author considers applications of design optimization criteria involving strength, rigidity, stability and weight. Analytic and numerical techniques are introduced for research in optimal shapes and internal configurations of deformable bodies and structures. Problems of the optimal design of beams, systems of rods, plates and shells, are studied in detail. With regard to applications, this work is oriented towards solutions of real problems, such as reduction of the volume or weight of the material, and improvement of mechanical properties of structures. This book is written for readers specializing in applied mechanics, applied mathematics, and numerical analysis. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Structural Crashworthiness Norman Jones, Tomasz Wierzbicki, 1983 |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Linear and Nonlinear Waves in Microstructured Solids Igor V. Andrianov, Jan Awrejcewicz, Vladyslav Danishevskyy, 2021-04-22 This book uses asymptotic methods to obtain simple approximate analytic solutions to various problems within mechanics, notably wave processes in heterogeneous materials. Presenting original solutions to common issues within mechanics, this book builds upon years of research to demonstrate the benefits of implementing asymptotic techniques within mechanical engineering and material science. Focusing on linear and nonlinear wave phenomena in complex micro-structured solids, the book determines their global characteristics through analysis of their internal structure, using homogenization and asymptotic procedures, in line with the latest thinking within the field. The book’s cutting-edge methodology can be applied to optimal design, non-destructive control and in deep seismic sounding, providing a valuable alternative to widely used numerical methods. Using case studies, the book covers topics such as elastic waves in nonhomogeneous materials, regular and chaotic dynamics based on continualisation and discretization and vibration localization in 1D Linear and Nonlinear lattices. The book will be of interest to students, research engineers, and professionals specialising in mathematics and physics as well as mechanical and civil engineering. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Optimization Of Structural And Mechanical Systems Jasbir S Arora, 2007-09-05 Computational optimization methods have matured over the last few years due to extensive research by applied mathematicians and engineers. These methods have been applied to many practical applications. Several general-purpose optimization programs and programs for specific engineering applications have become available to solve particular optimization problems.Written by leading researchers in the field of optimization, this highly readable book covers state-of-the-art computational algorithms as well as applications of optimization to structural and mechanical systems. Formulations of the problems and numerical solutions are presented, and topics requiring further research are also suggested. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Introduction to Shape Optimization Jan Sokolowski, Jean-Paul Zolesio, 2012-12-06 This book is motivated largely by a desire to solve shape optimization prob lems that arise in applications, particularly in structural mechanics and in the optimal control of distributed parameter systems. Many such problems can be formulated as the minimization of functionals defined over a class of admissible domains. Shape optimization is quite indispensable in the design and construction of industrial structures. For example, aircraft and spacecraft have to satisfy, at the same time, very strict criteria on mechanical performance while weighing as little as possible. The shape optimization problem for such a structure consists in finding a geometry of the structure which minimizes a given functional (e. g. such as the weight of the structure) and yet simultaneously satisfies specific constraints (like thickness, strain energy, or displacement bounds). The geometry of the structure can be considered as a given domain in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The domain is an open, bounded set whose topology is given, e. g. it may be simply or doubly connected. The boundary is smooth or piecewise smooth, so boundary value problems that are defined in the domain and associated with the classical partial differential equations of mathematical physics are well posed. In general the cost functional takes the form of an integral over the domain or its boundary where the integrand depends smoothly on the solution of a boundary value problem. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Optimal Design through the Sub-Relaxation Method Pablo Pedregal, 2016-09-01 This book provides a comprehensive guide to analyzing and solving optimal design problems in continuous media by means of the so-called sub-relaxation method. Though the underlying ideas are borrowed from other, more classical approaches, here they are used and organized in a novel way, yielding a distinct perspective on how to approach this kind of optimization problems. Starting with a discussion of the background motivation, the book broadly explains the sub-relaxation method in general terms, helping readers to grasp, from the very beginning, the driving idea and where the text is heading. In addition to the analytical content of the method, it examines practical issues like optimality and numerical approximation. Though the primary focus is on the development of the method for the conductivity context, the book’s final two chapters explore several extensions of the method to other problems, as well as formal proofs. The text can be used for a graduate course in optimal design, even if the method would require some familiarity with the main analytical issues associated with this type of problems. This can be addressed with the help of the provided bibliography. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Finite Elements J. T. Oden, J. N. Reddy, 2012-05-23 This introduction to the theory of Sobolev spaces and Hilbert space methods in partial differential equations is geared toward readers of modest mathematical backgrounds. It offers coherent, accessible demonstrations of the use of these techniques in developing the foundations of the theory of finite element approximations. J. T. Oden is Director of the Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences (ICES) at the University of Texas at Austin, and J. N. Reddy is a Professor of Engineering at Texas A&M University. They developed this essentially self-contained text from their seminars and courses for students with diverse educational backgrounds. Their effective presentation begins with introductory accounts of the theory of distributions, Sobolev spaces, intermediate spaces and duality, the theory of elliptic equations, and variational boundary value problems. The second half of the text explores the theory of finite element interpolation, finite element methods for elliptic equations, and finite element methods for initial boundary value problems. Detailed proofs of the major theorems appear throughout the text, in addition to numerous examples. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Variational Analysis in Sobolev and BV Spaces Hedy Attouch, Giuseppe Buttazzo, Gérard Michaille, 1987-01-01 This self-contained book is excellent for graduate-level courses devoted to variational analysis, optimization, and partial differential equations (PDEs). It provides readers with a complete guide to problems in these fields as well as a detailed presentation of the most important tools and methods of variational analysis. New trends in variational analysis are also presented, along with recent developments and applications in this area. It contains several applications to problems in geometry, mechanics, elasticity, and computer vision, along with a complete list of references. The book is divided into two parts. In Part I, classical Sobolev spaces are introduced and the reader is provided with the basic tools and methods of variational analysis and optimization in infinite dimensional spaces, with applications to classical PDE problems. In Part II, BV spaces are introduced and new trends in variational analysis are presented. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Variational Methods for Structural Optimization Andrej Cherkaev, 2012-12-06 In recent decades, it has become possible to turn the design process into computer algorithms. By applying different computer oriented methods the topology and shape of structures can be optimized and thus designs systematically improved. These possibilities have stimulated an interest in the mathematical foundations of structural optimization. The challenge of this book is to bridge a gap between a rigorous mathematical approach to variational problems and the practical use of algorithms of structural optimization in engineering applications. The foundations of structural optimization are presented in a sufficiently simple form to make them available for practical use and to allow their critical appraisal for improving and adapting these results to specific models. Special attention is to pay to the description of optimal structures of composites; to deal with this problem, novel mathematical methods of nonconvex calculus of variation are developed. The exposition is accompanied by examples. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Shell Structures, Theory and Applications Wojciech Pietraszkiewicz, Czeslaw Szymczak, 2005-09-22 Shells are basic structural elements of modern technology. Examples of shell structures include automobile bodies, domes, water and oil tanks, pipelines, ship hulls, aircraft fuselages, turbine blades, laudspeaker cones, but also balloons, parachutes, biological membranes, a human skin, a bottle of wine or a beer can. This volume contains full texts of over 100 papers presented by specialists from over 20 countries at the 8th Conference Shell Structures: Theory and Applications, 12-14 October, 2005 in Jurata (Poland). The aim of the meeting was to bring together scientists, designers, engineers and other specialists in shell structures in order to discuss important results and new ideas in this field. The goal is to pursue more accurate theoretical models, to develop more powerful and versatile methods of analysis, and to disseminate expertise in design and maintenance of shell structures. Among the authors there are many distinguished specialists of shell structures, including the authors of general lectures: I.V. Andrianov (Ukraine), V.A. Eremeyev (Russia), A. Ibrahimbegovic (France), P. Klosowski (Poland), B.H. Kröplin (Germany), E. Ramm (Germany), J.M. Rotter (UK) and D. Steigmann (USA). The subject area of the papers covers various theoretical models and numerical analyses of strength, dynamics, stability, optimization etc. of different types of shell structures, their design and maintenance, as well as modelling of some surface-related mechanical phenomena. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Multiscale Structural Topology Optimization Liang Xia, 2016-04-27 Multiscale Structural Topology Optimization discusses the development of a multiscale design framework for topology optimization of multiscale nonlinear structures. With the intention to alleviate the heavy computational burden of the design framework, the authors present a POD-based adaptive surrogate model for the RVE solutions at the microscopic scale and make a step further towards the design of multiscale elastoviscoplastic structures. Various optimization methods for structural size, shape, and topology designs have been developed and widely employed in engineering applications. Topology optimization has been recognized as one of the most effective tools for least weight and performance design, especially in aeronautics and aerospace engineering. This book focuses on the simultaneous design of both macroscopic structure and microscopic materials. In this model, the material microstructures are optimized in response to the macroscopic solution, which results in the nonlinearity of the equilibrium problem of the interface of the two scales. The authors include a reduce database model from a set of numerical experiments in the space of effective strain. - Presents the first attempts towards topology optimization design of nonlinear highly heterogeneous structures - Helps with simultaneous design of the topologies of both macroscopic structure and microscopic materials - Helps with development of computer codes for the designs of nonlinear structures and of materials with extreme constitutive properties - Focuses on the simultaneous design of both macroscopic structure and microscopic materials - Includes a reduce database model from a set of numerical experiments in the space of effective strain |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Engineering Finite Element Analysis Ramana M. Pidaparti, 2017-05-02 Finite element analysis is a basic foundational topic that all engineering majors need to understand in order for them to be productive engineering analysts for a variety of industries. This book provides an introductory treatment of finite element analysis with an overview of the various fundamental concepts and applications. It introduces the basic concepts of the finite element method and examples of analysis using systematic methodologies based on ANSYS software. Finite element concepts involving one-dimensional problems are discussed in detail so the reader can thoroughly comprehend the concepts and progressively build upon those problems to aid in analyzing two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems. Moreover, the analysis processes are listed step-by-step for easy implementation, and an overview of two dimensional and three-dimensional concepts and problems is also provided. In addition, multiphysics problems involving coupled analysis examples are presented to further illustrate the broad applicability of the finite element method for a variety of engineering disciplines. The book is primarily targeted toward undergraduate students majoring in civil, biomedical, mechanical, electrical, and aerospace engineering and any other fields involving aspects of engineering analysis. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Direct Methods in the Calculus of Variations Bernard Dacorogna, 2007-11-21 This book is developed for the study of vectorial problems in the calculus of variations. The subject is a very active one and almost half of the book consists of new material. This is a new edition of the earlier book published in 1989 and it is suitable for graduate students. The book has been updated with some new material and examples added. Applications are included. |
| shape optimization by the homogenization method: Computational Methods in Engineering & Science Zhenhan Yao, Mingwu Yuan, 2007-12-31 The 9th EPMESC was successfully held in Macao in November of 2003. At the end of the conference the Board of the EPMESC series decided that the next conference would be held in a city of the mainland of China. Also I was assigned to be the Chair person of the Conference. No doubt this is a great honor to me and also a challenge because there are so many professional international conferences in computational mechanics happening frequently in the world. After the successful organizing of WCCM6 in Beijing, September of 2004,1 engaged to organize the 10th EPMESC. First of all, I had to choose the venue of the Conference. After some investigation and a lot of negotiation we went to see the site of the venue in Sanya, Hainan Island, the south-most city in China. Finally we made the decision. The most important reason for the choice was the ecological environment of this city. It is beneficial to our health after hard work. We scientists and engineers need a good relaxing place after working hard- a place to enjoy life with friends and family. Sanya is an ideal place and a real green city. Blue sky and white clouds, the peaceful sea and the long beach with white sand, shells and pearls, no pollution and no industry. Everything is so beautiful. |
What does .shape [] do in "for i in range (Y.shape [0])"?
shape is a tuple that gives you an indication of the number of dimensions in the array. So in your case, since the index value of Y.shape[0] is 0, your are working along …
python - What does -1 mean in numpy reshape? - Stack Overflow
Sep 9, 2013 · When reshaping an array, the new shape must contain the same number of elements as the old shape, meaning the products of the two shapes' dimensions must be equal. When using a -1, the dimension …
PyTorch: How to get the shape of a Tensor as a list of int
Oct 19, 2017 · P.S.: Note that tensor.shape is an alias to tensor.size(), though tensor.shape is an attribute of the tensor in question whereas tensor.size() is a function. Share Improve this answer
Combine legends for color and shape into a single legend
The main problem was that you were using two different vectors to describe your groups resulting in two legends. using your group2 gives each group their own shape/colour. then you choose the specific ones you want …
python - shape vs len for numpy array - Stack Overflow
May 24, 2016 · So maybe df.shape[0] + df.shape[1] is slower than len(df.index) + len(df.columns). Still, performance-wise, the difference should be negligible except for a giant giant 2D dataframe. So in line with the …
