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| scarman report: Violent Racism Benjamin Bowling, 1999 This fascinating book documents the everyday abuse, assault, and intimidation that is suffered by black and Asian people in Great Britain every day, using information gathered in an East London London case study. The author explains and analyses the process through which violence is targeted at these minorities, and the role that the ideas and language of racial exclusion take in this process. The failure of the police to respond to this problem is then looked at in depth. This book is based on detailed analysis of official documents, a victimization survey, interviews, and direct observation, seen in the overall context of the history of race relations in Britain. The author describes many of the thousands of racist attacks that have occurred in recent years and the events in the last two decades that have shaped English racism, and the political response to it. In this paperback edition Ben Bowling's Preface examines the racist murder of the black teenager, Stephen Lawrence, whose killing in cold blood on an ordinary English street in April 1993 did not hit the headlines until February 1999, causing reverberations across the whole body of British politics and beyond. |
| scarman report: Scarman and After John Benyon, 2014-05-17 Scarman and After: Essays Reflecting on Lord Scarman's Report, the Riots and their Aftermath covers the proceedings of a conference on Lord Scarman's social and economic issues, held at the University of Leicester in April 1982, organized by the Continuing Education Unit of the University's Department of Adult Education. The Lord Scarman Report itemized and stressed particular issues that arose from the Brixton disorders. This text is organized into five parts encompassing 22 chapters. The first parts explore the political agenda of the Brixton riot and Lord Scarman's report, explanations, images and impact of riots. Another part is concerned with the issues in policy making related to the community, public, and accountability. These topics are followed by discussions of the issues of unemployment and racial disadvantages in cities. The last part contains a summary of the Report. This book will prove useful to historians, sociologists, and researchers. |
| scarman report: Black Youth, Racism and the State John Solomos, 1988 This book provides an in-depth analysis of the position of young blacks in British society during the 1980s. |
| scarman report: Criminal Justice Peter Joyce, 2016-04-28 This new and expanded edition builds upon material from the highly successful first edition. A comprehensive textbook on the criminal justice system, the book assesses the main theories concerned with the causes of crime (including white-collar and corporate crime), discusses the operation of all key criminal justice agencies – including the police, probation and prison services and the legal and youth justice systems –and identifies the main themes underpinning contemporary criminal justice policy. Key additions include: updated material from the first edition, incorporating changes to criminal justice policy introduced by the 2010 Coalition government; a new chapter that presents an overview of the criminal justice system; discussions of the evolving EU criminal justice system and the implications of this for UK criminal justice policy. The book is an ideal text for students taking courses in criminal justice, or studying criminal justice as a component of a broader course in criminology or the social sciences and practitoners within these fields. It is written in a highly accessible manner and has a wide range of features that include questions, key chapter themes, a timeline of main events, a glossary of key terms, a website resource guide. |
| scarman report: ThirdWay , 1982-04 Monthly current affairs magazine from a Christian perspective with a focus on politics, society, economics and culture. |
| scarman report: From Civil Rights to Armalites Niall Ó Dochartaigh, 2004-12-17 From Civil Rights to Armalites traces and analyses the escalation of conflict in Northern Ireland from the first civil rights marches to the verge of full-scale civil war in 1972, focusing on the city of Derry. It explains how a peaceful civil rights campaign gave way to increasing violence, how the IRA became a major political force and how the British army became a major party to the conflict. It provides the essential context for understanding the events of Bloody Sunday and a new chapter brings significant new material to the public debate around the Bloody Sunday Inquiry. |
| scarman report: Insider Gerry Bradley, Brian Feeney, 2012-12-01 BRADLEY SPEAKS OUT FOR THE FIRST TIME – WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM THE IRA The IRA was Gerry Bradley's life. His sole interest was in 'ops' – carrying out on-the-ground war. Inspired, initially, to defend his home place against Loyalist threats, he became one of the most senior operators in Belfast IRA. When things turned political, there seemed to be no place for his kind of activism. THE INSIDE STORY BY A SENIOR IRA MAN |
| scarman report: Handbook of Police Administration James Ruiz, Don Hummer, 2017-09-25 As figureheads of the most visible segment of criminal justice, today’s police administrators are forced to tackle challenges never faced by their predecessors. Heightened local and global threats, advanced technologies, and increased demands for procedural transparency require new levels of flexibility, innovative thinking, and the ability to foster and maintain relationships within the community. It is more crucial than ever to recruit and retain capable leaders to guide law enforcement agencies at this pivotal time in history. Covering areas such as leadership in policing, use of force, and understanding how the law shapes police practice, Handbook of Police Administration examines the key topics that must be considered by law enforcement professionals. Recognizing that police leaders need the skills and traits of a politician, accountant, attorney, field lieutenant, and futurist, the authors cover a variety of contemporary issues surrounding police administration and management. Divided into five thematic sections, it considers the legal aspects of overseeing a public sector organization, as well as how research, technology, and training can assist modern police leaders in performing their duties more effectively and efficiently. The book covers problematic issues such as officers accepting gratuities, undercover work, and the time criteria required for promotional consideration. It concludes with a chapter comparing administrative issues in Australia with many of the subjects previously addressed with regard to U.S. protocol. Using a range of perspective, differing viewpoints, and controversial issues, Handbook of Police Administration provides a springboard to stimulate discussion at the cutting-edge of debate in the dynamic field of policing. |
| scarman report: Burnt Out Michael McCann, 2019-01-04 On 14 August 1969, at the age of 14, Michael McCann and his family fled their home. Life changed totally for the McCanns and the entire nationalist community. Thousands of innocent people vacated their homes, driven out by the initial pogrom and then by the ongoing campaign of expulsion by loyalist violence and intimidation. The British army occupation and the continuing violence utterly devastated communities on a monumental scale. Burnt Out: How the Troubles Began, shows how the truth became one of the first casualties of the horrific events of August 1969. It examines the prominent role of state forces and the unionist government in the violence that erupted in Derry and Belfast and assesses how and why the violence began and generated three decades of subsequent brutality. Against a mountain of contrary evidence, many still choose to blame the violence on the commemoration of the Easter Rising in 1966 and the efforts of the nationalist community to defend themselves on two hellish August nights in the late summer of 1969. Burnt Out: How the Troubles Began, is essential reading for anybody interested in the outbreak and causes of 'the Troubles'. |
| scarman report: The Realization of Anti-Racist Teaching Godfrey L. Brandt, 2022-02-14 First published in 1986, The Realization of Anti-Racist Teaching explores the subject and importance of anti-racist education. The book examines the relationship between the educational debate at the level of academic institutions, professional organisations, and local education authorities within the context of the actual practice of teaching. It also questions how to link anti-racist theories put forward by theorists and activists to the practice of teachers. The Realization of Anti-Racist Teaching is a detailed discussion of the history of racism and of anti-racist teaching and education. |
| scarman report: Riotous Assemblies William Sheehan, Maura Cronin, 2011 Why riot? Against whom? For what? Riotous Assemblies is an account of Irish riots, urban and rural, across Ireland from the sixteenth to the twenty-first century. |
| scarman report: The Oxford Companion to Black British History David Dabydeen, John Gilmore, Cecily Jones, 2008 The first ever reference work to explore the full story of black people in Britain, this Companion is an essential resource for anyone who wants to understand this long and fascinating history from classical times to the present day. It brings together a unique collection of articles--more than 400 entries written by more than 100 specialists--that provide an overview of the black presence in Britain, and the rich and diverse contribution made to British society. The A-Z guide includes entries for landmark figures, key events, concepts (such as Emancipation and Reparations), and historical accounts. Subject areas include medicine, military history, art, music, sports, and education. Entries range from the African auxiliaries stationed on Hadrian's Wall in the second century A.D., through John Edmonstone, who taught taxidermy to Charles Darwin, Mary Seacole, the Black Florence Nightingale, and Walter Tull, a professional soccer player and First World War officer. The Companion includes a detailed timeline that charts key dates for people and events from the second century AD to the present. The guide will be of tremendous interest to those interested in virtually any subject relating to the Black British community, or anyone interested in finding out about the history of expatriated Africans outside the Americas. |
| scarman report: Understanding Criminal Justice Philip Smith, Kristin Natalier, 2005 Providing an overview of the sociological approaches to law and criminal justice, this book focuses on how law and the criminal justice system inevitably affect one another, and the ways in which both are intimately connected with wider social forces. |
| scarman report: Policing Notting Hill Tony Moore, 2013-07-24 Notting Hill is one of the most sought after locations in London. But its progress from ghetto to gentrification spans half-a-century within which it was one of the most turbulent places in Britainplagued by decline, disadvantage, unsolved killings, riots, illegal drugs, underground bars (or shebeens), prostitution, no-go areas and racial tension. It was also populated by characters such as self-styled community organizer Frank Crichlow, slum landlord Peter Rachman, Christine Keeler, the Angry Brigade, hustlers such as Lucky Gordon and Johnny Edgecombe, the activist Michael X (later executed in Trinidad) and the occasional radical lawyer. It was the location of the racist murder of Kelso Cochrane, the litigation-minded Mangrove Restaurant, the brief surge of Black Power in the UK and most notably the iconic Notting Hill Carnival with its heady mix of festivity, excitement, street crimes, potential for disorder and confrontations with the police. So what was it like operating in this Symbolic Location? In this book, Tony Moore, one of those in charge of policing Notting Hill, shows how the area continually adapted to challenges that first began after the Empire Windrush arrived in England carrying immigrants who were initially met by signs saying No Coloured, but for whom Notting Hill became an area of choice. It is a wide-ranging account of the factors in play at a time of unprecedented social change, told from the perspective of an insider, based on prodigious research including in relation to hitherto unpublished materials and personal communications. Tony Moore is well-fitted to write a history of Notting Hill and its relationship with the Metropolitan Police: Lord Blair of Boughton. All Saints Road in Notting Hill is one of those areas of London, where crime is at its worst, where drug-dealing is intolerably overt and where the racial ingredient is at its most potent: Sir Kenneth Newman, Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police. From the late sixties until recently, All Saints Road was to drugs what Hatton Garden is to diamonds: Robert Hardman, The Spectator. |
| scarman report: Police Ethics and Values Allyson MacVean, Peter Neyroud, 2012-02-22 This text provides an accessible, up to date and comprehensive introduction to police ethics and values for all those undertaking degrees and foundation degrees in policing and related subjects. The recent introduction of directives, legislation and Codes of Standards has demanded a more principled and professional approach to policing. This book therefore provides a clear understanding of police ethics and values and how these are understood in policy and applied in an operational setting. It discusses the range, importance and complexity of ethical issues faced by law enforcement practitioners and policy makers, introduces the key concepts of ethics, professionalism and policing, and relates these to key themes within policing. |
| scarman report: Making Rights Real Charles R. Epp, 2010-02-15 It’s a common complaint: the United States is overrun by rules and procedures that shackle professional judgment, have no valid purpose, and serve only to appease courts and lawyers. Charles R. Epp argues, however, that few Americans would want to return to an era without these legalistic policies, which in the 1970s helped bring recalcitrant bureaucracies into line with a growing national commitment to civil rights and individual dignity. Focusing on three disparate policy areas—workplace sexual harassment, playground safety, and police brutality in both the United States and the United Kingdom—Epp explains how activists and professionals used legal liability, lawsuit-generated publicity, and innovative managerial ideas to pursue the implementation of new rights. Together, these strategies resulted in frameworks designed to make institutions accountable through intricate rules, employee training, and managerial oversight. Explaining how these practices became ubiquitous across bureaucratic organizations, Epp casts today’s legalistic state in an entirely new light. |
| scarman report: Criminology Yvonne Jewkes, Gayle Letherby, 2002-05-29 This reader provides a comprehensive introduction for students studying criminology at undergraduate level. Not only does the book include 34 essential readings, but also editorial commentary with section introductions, study questions, and suggestions for further reading. The reader will provide a thorough grounding in issues related to the study of crime, the criminal justice system, and social control. In their selection the editors have sought to indicate crime′s varied and conflicting history as well as its current debates. The mixture of historical and more recent readings shows a variety of perspectives. The Reader will be an essential sourcebook for students and teachers in the fields of criminology, criminal justice studies, the sociology of crime and deviance, socio- legal studies, social policy, criminal law and social work. |
| scarman report: Britain in the Modern World J. A. Cloake, 1994 This core book is aimed at average and above average ability Key Stage 4 National Curriculum pupils. All the material for the core unit is covered in such a way as to enable the most able to attain the highest levels, while it also remains accessible to those of average ability. |
| scarman report: Racism and the Tory Party Mike Cole, 2022-12-30 Racism is an endemic feature of the Tory Party. Tracing the history of that racism, Racism and the Tory Party investigates the changing forms of racism in the party from the days of Empire, including the championing of imperialism at the turn of the 20th century and the ramping up of antisemitism, the imperial and ‘racial’ politics of Winston Churchill, the rise of Enoch Powell and Powellism, to the Margaret Thatcher years, the birth of ‘racecraft’ and her polices in Northern Ireland, and the hostile environment and its consolidation and expansion under Theresa May and Boris Johnson’s premierships. Throughout the book, all forms of racism are addressed including the various forms of colour-coded and as well as non-colour-coded racism as they are put in their historical and economic contexts. This book should be of relevance to all interested in British politics and British history, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students studying the sociology and politics of racism, as well as for students of the history of the development of British racism and of imperialism and its aftermath. |
| scarman report: Landmark Cases in Labour Law Jeremias Adams-Prassl, Alan Bogg, ACL Davies, 2022-12-15 This book features essays by leading legal scholars on 'landmark' labour law cases from the mid-19th century to the present day. The essays are acutely sensitive to the historical and theoretical context of each case, and the volume provides original and sometimes startling new perspectives on some familiar friends. There are few activities as distinctively human as work and labour. The book traces the development of labour law through the social struggles and economic conflicts between workers, trade unions, and employers. The narrative arc of its landmark cases reveals the richness and complexity of the human story played out in the working lives of real people. It also charts the remarkable transformation of the constitutional role of courts in labour law, from instruments of class oppression to the vindication of workers' fundamental rights at work. The collection will be of interest to students, scholars, and legal practitioners in labour and equality law, as well as students in management studies, industrial relations, and labour history. |
| scarman report: The Making of the Black Working Class in Britain Ron Ramdin, 2017-08-22 This is the first comprehensive historical perspective on the relationship between Black workers and the changing patterns of Britain's labour needs. It places in an historical context the development of a small black presence in sixteenth-century Britain into the disadvantaged black working class of the 1980s. The book deals with the colonial labour institutions (slavery, indentureship and trade unionism) and the ideology underlying them and also considers the previously neglected role of the nineteenth-century Black radicals in British working-class struggles. Finally, the book examines the emergence of a Black radical ideology that has underpinned the twentieth-century struggles against unemployment, racial attacks and workplace grievances, among them employer and trade union racism. |
| scarman report: Black British Intellectuals and Education Paul Warmington, 2014-02-24 Ask any moderately interested Briton to name a black intellectual and chances are the response will be an American name: Malcolm X or Barack Obama, Toni Morrison or Cornel West. Yet Britain has its own robust black intellectual traditions and its own master teachers, among them C.L.R. James, Claudia Jones, Ambalavaner Sivanandan, Stuart Hall and Paul Gilroy. However, while in the USA black public intellectuals are an embedded, if often embattled, feature of national life, black British thinkers remain routinely marginalized. Black British Intellectuals and Education counters this neglect by exploring histories of race, education and social justice through the work of black British public intellectuals: academics, educators and campaigners. The book provides a critical history of diverse currents in black British intellectual production, from the eighteenth century, through post-war migration and into the ‘post-multicultural’ present, focusing on the sometimes hidden impacts of black thinkers on education and social justice. Firstly, it argues that black British thinkers have helped fundamentally to shape educational policy, practice and philosophy, particularly in the post-war period. Secondly, it suggests that education has been one of the key spaces in which the mass consciousness of being black and British has emerged, and a key site in which black British intellectual positions have been defined and differentiated. Chapters explore: • the early development of black British intellectual life, from the slave narratives to the anti-colonial movements of the early twentieth century • how African-Caribbean and Asian communities began to organize against racial inequalities in schooling in the post-Windrush era of the 1950s and 60s • how, from out of these grassroots struggles, black intellectuals and activists of the 1970s, 80s and 90s developed radical critiques of education, youth and structural racism • the influence of multiculturalism, black cultural studies and black feminism on education • current developments in black British educational work, including ‘post-racial’ approaches, Critical Race Theory and black social conservatism. Black British Intellectuals and Education will be of key relevance to undergraduates, postgraduates and academics engaged in research on race, ethnicity, education, social justice and cultural studies. |
| scarman report: Race and riots in Thatcher's Britain Simon Peplow, 2019-02-05 This powerful and original book locates the anti-police violence that spread across England in 1980-1 within a longer struggle against racism and disadvantage faced by black Britons, which had seen a growth in more militant forms of resistance since the Second World War. It explains these disturbances as ‘collective bargaining by riot’ – attempts to increase political inclusion by this marginalised group. Through case studies of Bristol, Brixton and Manchester, the book explores the actions of community organisations in the aftermath of disorders. Highlighting the political activities of black Britons and the often-problematic reliance upon ‘official’ sources when forming historical narratives, it demonstrates the contested value awarded to public inquiries – contrastingly viewed by black Britons as either a method for increased political participation or simply a governmental diversionary tactic. |
| scarman report: The Politics of the Police Robert Reiner, 2010-03-04 This fourth edition of Robert Reiner's popular and highly-acclaimed text contains substantial revisions, to take into account the recent and profound changes in the law, policy and organisation of policing. |
| scarman report: Police Leadership and Management Margaret Mitchell, John Peter Casey, 2007 This volume presents the new contexts and challenges for contemporary police leaders and managers in the changing landscapes of policing. The governance of contemporary police organisations requires leaders and managers, even at the local level, to work in and understand complex social, political and organisational environments. The wide range of topics in this collection explores what is changing, what is known about the impact of these changes and what leaders and managers now need to be able to do or anticipate as a consequence. Operational policing is no longer the militaristic singular activity it once was, but embraces new models of 'partnership' and 'community' to manage crime and disorder. Equally, while command and control models are still an essential of many aspects of policing, managing police officers and staff increasingly depends on their professional development and encouraging enthusiasm and innovation. Policing takes place under conditions of intense scrutiny from the media and from the community; and crime and disorder is the subject of much political debate. Each of these broad areas are addressed and present a surprising range of perspectives. The volume is aimed at every level of management and leadership in policing, researchers of policing and students of police management and leadership. |
| scarman report: Routledge Library Editions: Social & Cultural Geography Various Authors, 2022-07-30 Re-issuing books originally published between 1969 and 1990 this set of 15 volumes gives a 20 year perspective on the development of the discipline of social geography. The books emphasize the increasingly important contribution of geographical theory to the understanding of social change, values, economic and political organization and ethical imperatives. The volumes are authored by well-known international geographers and discuss the philosophy and sociology of geography as well as key themes such as the geography of health, crime, space. They also examine the cross-over of geography with other disciplines, such as literature and history. |
| scarman report: An Introduction to Criminal Justice Jamie Harding, Pamela Davies, George Mair, 2017-01-13 A contemporary guide to the criminal justice process, the broad scope of this book means it will be a trusted companion throughout a Criminology and/or Criminal Justice degree. The contents of An Introduction to Criminal Justice include: 23 chapters spanning all that’s involved with, and fully contextualising, the criminal justice process: the agencies, institutions and processes and procedures that deal with victims, offenders and offending A detailed timeline of criminal justice since 1945 Consideration of victims and witnesses, complaints and misconduct A comprehensive review of policing, prosecution, the courts, imprisonment and community sanctions A focus on community safety, crime prevention and youth justice A review of the effectiveness of the criminal justice process Exploration of global and international dimensions as well as the futures of criminal justice Lots of helpful extras including further reading suggestions, case studies, self-study questions and a glossary of terms. The accompanying website to An Introduction to Criminal Justice has: A podcast interview with a police officer Practice essay questions Multiple choice questions Suggested website resources to explore Videos. |
| scarman report: Criminal Investigation Iain Stainton, Robert Ewin, 2025-02-28 Criminal investigation is an essential topic, running through the new national policing curriculum from volume crime to serious organised criminality. This book provides accessible and comprehensive coverage, with case studies and examples to embed understanding, clear links between theory and practice, and a range of critical thinking and review activities. It examines investigation from inception to conclusion, detailing methods, explaining legal requirements and reflecting on past investigations. The contributory roles of specialists and forensic support are examined to provide an inclusive overview of the whole investigative process. The Professional Policing Curriculum in Practice is a new series of books that match the requirements of the new pre-join policing qualifications. The texts reflect modern policing, are up-to-date and relevant, and grounded in practice. They reflect the challenges faced by new students, linking theory to real-life operational practice, while addressing critical thinking and other academic skills needed for degree-level study. |
| scarman report: Racial and Religious Hate Crime Wendy Laverick, Peter Joyce, 2019-06-15 This book focuses on two key aspects of hate crime in the UK since 1945: those motivated by racial and religious prejudices. It examines factors that have underpinned the emergence and occurrence of racial and religious hate crime and the approaches and policies that have been pursued by the state, especially the criminal justice system, to combat this problem. Crucially, it also provides insight into the challenges that are faced in the contemporary period (especially in the wake of the 2016 EU referendum) in combatting hate crime. Additionally the book briefly considers the importance of the rhetoric of the Trump campaign and the administration's early policies to the contemporary manifestations of racial and religious hate crime. |
| scarman report: EBOOK: Intolerant Britain? Hate Citizenship and Difference Derek McGhee, 2005-04-16 This fascinating book uses case studies to explore a number of high-profile and contemporary ‘social problems’ that exist in British society, including: Racism and institutional racism Ethnic and religious community segregation Social and institutional asylophobia Islamophobia and the incitement of religious hatred Homophobia, institutional homophobia and community safety At the same time the book examines various legislative and strategic movements introduced to tackle these social problems, for example strategies to counter institutional prejudices (especially in policing), hate crime legislation, managed migration, community safety and community cohesion strategies. Throughout the book, McGhee contextualizes these strategies within the Government's wider project of attempting to revitalize British citizenship. Intolerant Britain? is key reading for students on courses in sociology, social policy, politics, race and ethnicity studies, gender studies, media and cultural studies and criminology. |
| scarman report: Ethnicity And Crime: A Reader Spalek, Basia, 2008-07-01 ?Basia Spalek has compiled an excellent reader about a much researched and highly sensitive subject. Crucially, she contextualises ethnicity and crime within broadly defined social and intellectual contexts, avoiding the limitation of all too frequently repeated research based solely on statistical measures and policy evaluations.? Simon Holdaway, Professor of Criminology and Sociology, Sheffield University Issues in relation to race and ethnicity have generated substantial and ever-growing interest from, and within, a multitude of academic, research and policy contexts. This book brings together important material in race and ethnic studies and provides different ways of thinking about race and ethnicity in relation to crime and the criminal justice system. Ethnicity and Crime: A Reader consists of a collection of works that capture the main themes that arise from within this vast area of work. It is divided into five sections: ?Race and crime?, racial discrimination and criminal justice The racialisation of crime: Social, political and cultural contexts Race, ethnicity and victimisation Self and discipline reflexivity: Ethnic identities and crime Ethnic identities, institutional reflexivity and crime Each section contains recurring and overlapping themes and includes many different ways of thinking about race and ethnicity in relation to crime. It spans theoretical approaches that might be labelled as positivist, critical race analyses, left realist approaches, feminist, as well as post-modern perspectives. This is the first title in the new series Readings in Criminology and Criminal Justice and follows the series format of thematic sections, together with an editor's introduction to the complete volume and an introduction to each section. |
| scarman report: Killing Strangers T. K. Wilson, 2020-09-02 A bewildering feature of so much contemporary political violence is its stunning impersonality. Every major city centre becomes a potential shooting gallery; and every metro system a potential bomb alley. Victims just happen, as the saying goes, to 'be in the wrong place at the wrong time'. We accept this contemporary reality - at least to some degree. But we rarely ask: where has it come from historically? Killing Strangers tackles this question head on. It examines how such violence became 'unchained' from inter-personal relationships. It traces the rise of such impersonal violence by examining violence in conjunction with changing social and political realities. In particular, it traces both 'push' and 'pull' - the ability of modern states to force the violence of their challengers into niche forms: and the disturbing new opportunities that technological changes offer to cause mayhem in fresh and original ways. Killing Strangers therefore aims to highlight the very strangeness of contemporary experience when it is viewed against a long-term perspective. Atrocities regularly capture media attention - and just as quickly fade from public view. That is both tragic - and utterly predictable. Deep down we expect no different. And that is why such atrocities must be repeated if our attention is to be re-engaged. Deep down we expect that, too. So Killing Strangers deliberately asks the very simplest of questions. How on earth did we get here? |
| scarman report: Policing, Race and Racism Mike Rowe, 2012-12-06 Over recent years race has become one of the most important issues faced by the police. This book seeks to analyse the context and background to these changes, to assess the impact of the Lawrence Inquiry and the MacPherson Report, and to trace the growing emphasis on policing as an 'antiracist' activity, proactively confronting racism in both crime and non-crime situations. Whilst this change has not been wholly or consistently applied, it does represent an important change in the discourse that surrounds police relations with the public since it changes the traditional role of the police as 'neutral arbiters of the law'. This book shows why race has become the most significant issue facing the British police, and argues that the police response to race has led to a consideration of fundamental issues about the relation of the police to society as a whole and not just minority groups who might be most directly affected. |
| scarman report: Understanding 'race' and Ethnicity Craig, Gary, Atkin, Karl, 2012-02-22 Most societies in the developed world are now multicultural, but their welfare systems have largely failed to address the issues and tensions associated with the growth of minority ethnic populations. Taking the United Kingdom as an exemplary case study, Understanding Race and Ethnicity combines historical and theoretical approaches to the study of the intersection of race and welfare and examines how minorities experience welfare in a range of settings. Informative and inspiring, this book will be essential for anyone striving to build a society that is equal, inclusive, and just for all. |
| scarman report: The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales Tim Newburn, 2024-09-12 This is the fifth and final volume in the Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales. This volume covers the uneven and often irresolute evolution of policing from the late 1940s to the end of the 1990s, concentrating on the impact of a succession of scandals on the reputation and regulation of the police; and the fluctuating relations between central government, local authorities and police forces in shaping the control of police funding, policy and organisation, particularly in response to a growth in the scale and intensity of social protest, and, above all, on the shifting sands of the policing of public order illustrated in the prolonged miners’ strike and urban unrest of the 1980s. It is a complement to earlier volumes in the series that focused on the liberalisation of the laws on capital punishment, abortion and homosexual relations between adult men in the 1960s; the founding of the Crown Court in 1971 and the Crown Prosecution Service in 1985; transformations in penal policy, and the politics of law and order. It will be of much interest to scholars of British political history, criminology and sociology. |
| scarman report: Dictionary of Race and Ethnic Relations Professor Ellis Cashmore, Ellis Cashmore, 2002-09-11 Ethnicity and racial relations are almost universally seen as a prime motivating force behind social conflict and change. Often volatile and complex, racial interaction resonates through all aspects of contemporary society. Social issues which appear to have little connection to race often become entagled with ethnic friction to create far more complex problems. Race is often used by individuals and political organizations to further their own objectives. Since the 1994 publication of the third edition of this acclaimed reference book there have been enormous changes in the area of race and ethnic relations throughout the world. The Dictionary of Race and Ethnic Relations deals with these changes through in-depth articles which both define and analyze the terms. For this edition, there has been a total revision of existing entries and many new entries that take account of developments in society and intellectual trends. Features include: * Fully updated lists of further reading and cross-references. * New entries include: Black feminism, Causes celebres, Environmental racism, Hybridity, Postcolonialism * Invaluable teaching and reference tool for students at all levels |
| scarman report: Regulating Police Detention John Kendall, 2018-01-31 When suspects are arrested, they spend their time in police custody largely in isolation and out of public view. These custody blocks are police territory, and public controversies about what happens there often only arise when a detainee dies. Custody visitors are volunteers who make what are supposed to be random and unannounced visits to police custody blocks to check on the welfare of detainees. However, there is a fundamental power imbalance between the police and these visitors, which calls the independence and effectiveness of custody visiting into question. Investigating this largely unexplored part of the criminal justice system, this timely book includes the voices of the detainees who have a unique insight into the scheme. It offers detailed proposals for radically reforming custody visiting to make it an effective regulator of police behaviour, with an explanation of the political context that could make that a reality. |
| scarman report: Crime and Inequality Chris Grover, 2013-09-13 This book examines key relationships between material circumstances and crime, and analyzes the areas of social policy – in particular social security and labour market policy – that are most important in terms of dealing with inequality at the lower end of the income hierarchy. It seeks to explain why inequality is linked to offending behaviour and the evidence underpinning explanations for this, and looks in detail at the relationship between offending and anti-social behaviour and its management through social policy interventions. Crime and Inequality draws upon both criminological and social policy approaches to understand this vital relationship, moving beyond criminological approaches which often fail to analyse the way the state attempts to manage poor material circumstance, offending and anti-social behaviour through social policy. The main aims of the book are threefold: to draw upon the disciplines of both criminology and social policy to understand the relationship between crime and inequality; to provide an in-depth analysis of those aspects of social policy that have a bearing on the context, management and punishment of offending behaviour; to examine government crime and anti-social behaviour policies in the context of social security and labour market policies, and to identify the tensions that have resulted from attempts to address social justice issues while also making individuals responsible for their actions. |
| scarman report: The Nomadic Subject Jean Ryan Hakizimana, 2009-10-02 This volume is an exploration of the image that is the Traveller/Gypsy, the nomad, the migrant and the outsider/“Other” within the frames of articulation that are the present-day flows of cultural diaspora and mass globalisation. Mass-media dissemination and the combination of a range of complex social and cultural forces and movements have all served to rupture and blurr the borders of the post-Enlightenment, modern nation-state. Nowhere is this more evident than in the case of postcolonial diasporas such as Travellers, Roma and other “traditionally” nomadic groups, groups whose migrations have served to accelerate the reconfiguring of (hitherto) dominant cultural narratives. This book explores the manner whereby the migrant experience as relating to Ireland and as relating to Irish Travellers and Roma has been analysed and represented. While the essays in this volume have a particular focus on the experiences of Irish migrants and the people sometimes referred to as the “old Irish” or the “new Irish”, they also have a strong resonance with other recent explorations of the hybrid and diverse discourses that are the narratives of many Western countries today. |
| scarman report: Interpreting Policework Roger Grimshaw, Tony Jefferson, 2023-03-31 In the 1980s there existed wide and often acrimonious disagreement over the purposes and objectives of police organizations, the ways in which their activities were structured, and their relations with the wider society. Interpreting policework requires a rounded conception of policing, based on both a thorough critique of the main theoretical trends in police sociology, and close familiarity with actual patterns of policing, on the streets, in the stations, and inside the police headquarters where key policies are formulated. Originally published in 1987, the achievement of this book is that it combines rigorous theoretical analysis with a wealth of descriptive material drawn from first-hand observation of policing and decision making at all levels, and thus relates sociological theory to practice and political debate at the time. The introduction provides a careful analysis of central theoretical and political strands in police sociology, and proposes a new general conception of policework. The authors go on to provide vivid illustrations of this conception from the worlds of uniformed unit beat patrols and resident beat officers, and from the fora in which policy for operational practice is considered. A final section draws the wider lessons of these concrete analyses for sociological theory and for our understanding of past policy shifts from one form of beatwork to another, and spells out the radical implications of the study for the political debate on the future of policing. Interpreting Policework thus had relevance to students and researchers in police studies, sociology, public policy and the law at the time and will still be of historical interest today. The authors are experienced researchers, practised in investigating a wide range of criminological and social control issues. |
Bronchopleural Fistula - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Aug 12, 2024 · Implement evidence-based protocols for managing bronchopleural fistulas, including immediate chest tube drainage, antibiotic therapy, and nutritional support to optimize patient …
Pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula (BPF) - EMCrit Project
Jan 10, 2024 · Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) refers to a connection between the bronchial tree and the pleura (e.g., due to a hole in the lung or bronchus). Clinically, this causes a pneumothorax …
Bronchopleural fistula in adults - UpToDate
Jun 3, 2024 · A pathologic connection between the main stem, lobar, or segmental bronchus and the pleural space is termed bronchopleural fistula (BPF). It is a source of morbidity and mortality …
Bronchopleural fistula | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
Feb 15, 2024 · A central bronchopleural fistula is usually suspected in the early postoeprative period. It can be diagnosed easily by bronchoscopy or after a large air leak 12.
Management of acquired bronchopleural fistula due to chemical …
Here, we present a 70-year-old male with acquired BPF due to chemical pneumonitis caused by aspiration of kerosene who presented with the symptoms of fever, cough with expectoration, …
Medical Management and Therapy of Bronchopleural Fistulas in …
Medical management includes appropriate chest tube placement, selection of the drainage device, ventilator selection and use, and diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy.
Bronchopleural Fistula: Causes, Diagnoses and Management
BPF was defined as fistulas occurring after more than 30 days. It is established that early BPFs are most commonly associated with a failure in surgical tec.
Bronchopleural Fistula - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Initial treatment is conservative, with antibiotics and tube drainage, to allow the fistula to seal. If this fails, surgery may be necessary to attempt primary closure of the fistula or closure of the …
Bronchopleural Fistula - PubMed
Aug 12, 2024 · Management of BPF requires an interprofessional team approach involving immediate chest tube drainage, supportive care, antibiotics, and potentially surgical or …
Diagnosis and Management Bronchopleural Fistula
Acute respiratory distress may occur if a large fistula results in aspiration to the contralateral lung or if a tension pneumothorax develops. Many cases are associated with empyema.
Selecting multiple columns in a Pandas dataframe - Stack Overflow
So your column is returned by df['index'] and the real DataFrame index is returned by df.index. An Index is a special kind of Series optimized for lookup of its elements' values. For df.index it's …
How can I iterate over rows in a Pandas DataFrame?
Mar 19, 2019 · I have a pandas dataframe, df: c1 c2 0 10 100 1 11 110 2 12 120 How do I iterate over the rows of this dataframe? For every row, I want to access its elements (values in cells) …
How do I select rows from a DataFrame based on column values?
Only, when the size of the dataframe approaches million rows, many of the methods tend to take ages when using df[df['col']==val]. I wanted to have all possible values of "another_column" …
How do I get the row count of a Pandas DataFrame?
Apr 11, 2013 · could use df.info () so you get row count (# entries), number of non-null entries in each column, dtypes and memory usage. Good complete picture of the df. If you're looking for …
How to get/set a pandas index column title or name?
To just get the index column names df.index.names will work for both a single Index or MultiIndex as of the most recent version of pandas. As someone who found this while trying to find the …
python - Shuffle DataFrame rows - Stack Overflow
Apr 11, 2015 · Doesn't df = df.sample(frac=1) do the exact same thing as df = sklearn.utils.shuffle(df)? According to my measurements df = df.sample(frac=1) is faster and …
python - Pandas 'astype' with date (or datetime) - Stack Overflow
Apr 21, 2020 · df = df.astype({'date': 'datetime64[ns]'}) worked by the way. I think that must have considerable built-in ability for different date formats, year first or last, two or four digit year.
python - df.drop if it exists - Stack Overflow
Nov 30, 2019 · df.drop if it exists Asked 5 years, 7 months ago Modified 2 years, 5 months ago Viewed 100k times
How can I get a value from a cell of a dataframe? - Stack Overflow
May 24, 2013 · I have constructed a condition that extracts exactly one row from my dataframe: d2 = df[(df['l_ext']==l_ext) & (df['item']==item) & (df['wn']==wn) & (df ...
Why do "df" and "du" commands show different disk usage?
15 Ok, lets check the man pages: df - report file system disk space usage and du - estimate file space usage Those two tools were meant for different propose. While df is to show the file …
