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| sa 2 guideline: Red SAM Steven J. Zaloga, 2011-03-15 The Russian SA-2, nicknamed “Red SAM,” is history's dominant antiaircraft missile. In 1960 it famously downed Gary Powers' U-2 spyplane, and two years later it was one of the missiles deployed during the Cuban Missile Crisis, which almost sparked a nuclear showdown between America and the USSR. The SA-2 was also deployed in Vietnam, North Korea, Egypt, and even the Gulf War. Using photographs, color artwork, and rare accounts from the weapon's designers, Steven J Zaloga examines the missile's development, linking this to its massive impact on Cold War air campaigns, and investigates the design changes that have helped the SA-2 stand the test of time. |
| sa 2 guideline: B-52 Stratofortress vs SA-2 "Guideline" SAM Peter E. Davies, 2018-10-23 Ever since its introduction in the late 1950s, the B-52 Stratofortress has been the United States' primary heavy bomber and a powerful symbol of its immense military might. Its powerful electronic countermeasures equipment (ECM) was thought to make the B-52 immune to ground-to-air missile attack, but in Vietnam, and later conflicts such as Operation Desert Storm in 1991, it came up against the Soviet-designed SA-2 SAM which used heavy salvos of missiles to bring down the bombers. The losses of several of its most feared, powerful, and supposedly invincible bombers per night to a torrent of Soviet missiles during the closing stages of the Vietnam War was sobering to Americans, but the B-52s' crushing attacks virtually eliminated North Vietnam's defenses and forced a peace settlement. This fascinating book analyzes the roles of the SA-2 operators and the B-52 Electronic Warfare Officers (EWOs) using specially commissioned artwork as well as first-hand accounts, and traces the cat-and-mouse tactics that each side employed. |
| sa 2 guideline: Air Defense Artillery , 1984 |
| sa 2 guideline: Soviet Air Power Kenneth Whiting, 2020-01-29 This comprehensive examination of Soviet air power analyzes the three branches of the USSR Military Air Forces & Frontal Aviation, Long-Range Aviation, and Military Air Transport and Naval Aviation and the National Air Defense, emphasizing World War II and postwar developments. |
| sa 2 guideline: ADA. , 1985 |
| sa 2 guideline: The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars [5 volumes] Spencer C. Tucker, 2010-10-08 This in-depth study of U.S. involvement in the modern Middle East carefully weighs the interplay of domestic, cultural, religious, diplomatic, international, and military events in one of the world's most troubled regions. The monumental, five-volume The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts is a must-have resource for anyone seeking to comprehend U.S. actions in this volatile region. Under the expert editorship of Spencer C. Tucker, the encyclopedia traces 20th- and 21st-century U.S. involvement in the Middle East and south-central Asia, concentrating on the last three decades. Beginning with the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, it covers the 1979–1989 Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, the 1991 Persian Gulf War, allied punitive actions against Iraq during the 1990s, the Afghanistan War, the Iraq War, and the Global War on Terror. Many smaller military actions against Iran, Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, and other regimes that have been involved in international terrorism are also included. Diplomacy, religion as it pertains to Middle East conflict, and social/cultural developments are other key subjects of analysis, as is the interplay of politics with military policy in the United States and other nations involved in the region. |
| sa 2 guideline: The Military Balance 2014 The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), 2021-12-24 The Military Balance 2014 contains region-by-region analysis of the major military and economic developments affecting defence and security policies and the trade in weapons and other military equipment. Detailed entries describe the military capabilities of 171 countries, displaying key equipment inventories and defence economics. Comprehensive tables detail major training activities, UN and non-UN deployments, and international comparisons of defence expenditure and military personnel. |
| sa 2 guideline: Field Manual United States. Department of the Army, 1978 |
| sa 2 guideline: The Military Balance 2021 The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), 2021-02-25 Published each year since 1959, The Military Balance is an indispensable reference to the capabilities of armed forces across the globe. It will be of interest to anyone interested in security and military issues and is regularly consulted by academia, media, armed forces, the private sector and government. Key Elements: 1. Data on the military organisations, equipment inventories and defence budgets of 171 countries 2. Analysis of major developments affecting defence policy and procurement, and defence economics, arranged region-by-region. 3. Key trends in the land, sea and air domains, and in cyberspace 4. Selected defence procurement programmes, arranged region-by-region 5. Full-colour graphics including maps and illustrations 6. Extensive explanatory notes and references 7. The hardcopy edition is accompanied by a full-colour wall chart Features in the 2021 edition include: - Analytical texts on future maritime competition, battle management systems, China’s civil-military integration and fractures in the arms-control environment - Military cyber capabilities - Analysis of developments in defence policy, military capability and defence economics and industry for China, Egypt, Finland, Indonesia, Russia, Senegal and the United States. - A wallchart illustrating global submarine holdings and key trends in subsurface warfare |
| sa 2 guideline: Shooting Down the Stealth Fighter Mihajlo S. Mijajlovic, Djordje S. Anicic, 2022-01-28 A look at the takedown of the presumably invulnerable aircraft during the Kosovo War, featuring perspectives on both sides, plus technical details. With its futuristic and unmistakable design, the Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk, the so-called “Stealth Fighter,” was the wonder of the age. Virtually undetectable by radar, this ground-attack aircraft could slip unseen through enemy defenses to deliver its deadly payload on unsuspecting targets. Its effectiveness had been well demonstrated during the Gulf War of 1991, during which the F-117A achieved almost legendary status. But, at 20.42 hours on 27 March 1999, the military and aviation worlds were stunned when the impossible happened—a virtually obsolete Soviet-built surface-to-air missile system which had first been developed more than thirty years earlier, detected and shot down an F-117A, callsign “Vega 31.” This incident took place during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War. It was, and remains, at least officially, the only time that a stealth aircraft was detected and shot down by a ground-based missile system. In this book, the authors, both of whom served in the Kosovo War, take the reader through every moment of that astounding event, from both the perspective of Lieutenant Colonel Dani’s 3rd Battalion, 250th Air Defense Missile Brigade, a Yugolsav Army unit, and that of the pilot of the F-117A, Lieutenant Colonel Darrell Patrick Zelko, who ejected and survived the loss of his aircraft. The reader is placed in the cabin of the missile fire control center and alongside “Dale” Zelko in the cockpit of his stealth fighter as each second dramatically unfolds. Stealth characteristics are now regarded as a standard part of modern military aircraft design but with each generation of aircraft becoming increasingly, almost cripplingly, expensive to produce and operate compared with the simpler surface-to-air defense systems, the outcome of the battle between missile and stealth hangs in the balance. That this is the case might be seen in the strange fact that it is claimed that two other F-117As did not return to the U.S. at the end of the Kosovo War, though, mysteriously, their fate has never been revealed. Were they too victims of Yugoslav missiles? Though intended for the general reader, Shooting Down the Stealth Fighter covers the technical details of the weapons involved and their deployment—and the authors should know, as one of them, Djordje Anicic, was a member of the Yugoslav team which brought down Zelko’s aircraft. |
| sa 2 guideline: The Military Balance 2023 The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), 2023-02-15 The Military Balance has been published annually since 1959. The 2023 edition provides an open-source assessment of the armed forces and equipment inventories of 173 countries, with accompanying defence economics data. Alongside detailed country data, The Military Balance assesses important military issues, region-by-region, and includes graphics to illustrate these as well as noteworthy equipment developments. Maps this year include a focus on Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and select China-Russia military cooperation activities. The book draws on the range of data carried in the Military Balance+ online database, particularly the procurement features in each regional section. The accompanying wallchart explores the military use of outer space, an increasingly important element of defence capabilities, focusing on China, Russia and the United States. For those involved in defence and security policymaking, analysis and research, The Military Balance is an indispensable source. |
| sa 2 guideline: Naval Strategy , 1985 |
| sa 2 guideline: Air & Space Power Journal sum 02 , |
| sa 2 guideline: Department of Defense Appropriations United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations, 1976 |
| sa 2 guideline: United States Military Posture for FY ... United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1977 |
| sa 2 guideline: Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year ... United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations, 1977 |
| sa 2 guideline: Hearings on Military Posture and H.R. 11500 [H.R. 12438], Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1977 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services, 1976 |
| sa 2 guideline: Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1977 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations, 1976 |
| sa 2 guideline: Soviet Aerospace Handbook M. O. Norby, United States. Department of the Air Force, 1978 |
| sa 2 guideline: Department of Defense Appropriations for ... United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations, 1976 |
| sa 2 guideline: The Military Balance 2009 IISS, 2018-01-17 The Military Balance is The International Institute for Strategic Studies annual assessment of the military capabilities and defence economics of 170 countries worldwide. It is an essential resource for those involved in security policymaking, analysis and research. The book is a region-by-region analysis of the major military and economic developments affecting defence and security policies, and the trade in weapons and other military equipment. Comprehensive tables detail major military training activities, UN and non-UN deployments, and give data on key equipment holdings and defence-expenditure trends over a ten year period. Key Features: Region-by-region analysis: major military issues affecting each region, changes in defence economics, weapons and other military equipment holdings and the trade in weapons and military equipment Comprehensive tables: key data on weapons and defence economics, such as comparisons of international defence expenditure and military manpower Analysis: significant military and economic developments Wallchart: detailed world map that shows current areas of conflict, with explanatory tables. This new edition of The Military Balance provides a unique compilation of data and information enabling the reader to access all required information from one single publication. |
| sa 2 guideline: Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1977 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense, 1976 |
| sa 2 guideline: Department of Defense Appropriations for 1977: Secretary of Defense; Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff; Secretary of the Air Force and Chief of Staff; Central Intelligence Agency United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense, 1976 |
| sa 2 guideline: Department of Defense appropriations for 1977 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense, 1976 |
| sa 2 guideline: The Military Balance 2012 The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), 2020-03-26 The Military Balance is the International Institute for Strategic Studies annual assessment of the military capabilities and defense economics of 170 countries worldwide. It is a useful resource for those involved in security policy making, analysis and research.The book is a region-by-region analysis of the major military and economic developments. |
| sa 2 guideline: The Development of the Soviet Armed Forces, 1917-1977 Kenneth R. Whiting, 1978 |
| sa 2 guideline: U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century Spencer C. Tucker, 2015-12-14 This three-volume reference work provides an up-to-date presentation and analysis of the U.S. wars of the 21st century, addressing their backgrounds, causes, courses, and consequences. It serves as an indispensable resource for students seeking to understand the role of the United States in the world today. Addressing the U.S. conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Global War on Terror from the year 2001 to the present, this comprehensive, three-volume encyclopedia covers the significant individuals, key events, and important places involved in these recent military events. Beginning with the rise of Al Qaeda in the 1990s and the attacks on September 11, 2001, and covering events through ISIS's dramatic surge in Iraq and Syria, the hundreds of detailed entries also examine historical trends; nations and ethnicities involved in the conflicts; influential figures and organizations; economic, political, diplomatic, and cultural influences; wars, campaigns, and battles; and important weapons systems. The set's A–Z organization makes it an easy-to-use ready reference for high school and college students. Perspective essays on several controversial topics—such as the use of torture and the effects of the Patriot Act—serve to inspire readers to apply critical thinking. A detailed chronology is provided to help students place all the important events that have occurred in the Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and War on Terror. Each of the chronologically arranged primary documents is introduced with a brief overview to provide important background information and context. |
| sa 2 guideline: 4-61 ADA Battle Book , 1987 |
| sa 2 guideline: The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011-05-20 Now in its second edition, this comprehensive study of the Vietnam War sheds more light on the longest and one of the most controversial conflicts in U.S. history. The Vietnam War lasted more than a decade, was the longest war in U.S. history, and cost the lives of nearly 60,000 American soldiers, as well as millions of Vietnamese—many of whom were uninvolved civilians. The lessons learned from this tragic conflict continue to have great relevance in today's world. Now in its second edition, The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History adds an entire additional volume of entries to the already exhaustive first edition, making it the most comprehensive reference available about one of the most controversial events in U.S. history. Written to provide multidimensional perspectives into the conflict, it covers not only the American experience in Vietnam, but also the entire scope of Vietnamese history, including the French experience and the Indochina War, as well as the origins of the conflict, how the United States became involved, and the extensive aftermath of this prolonged war. It also provides the most complete and accurate order of battle ever published, based upon data compiled from Vietnamese sources. This latest release delivers even more of what readers have come to expect from the editorship of Spencer C. Tucker and the military history experts at ABC-CLIO. |
| sa 2 guideline: The Military Balance 2013 The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), 2020-12-14 The Military Balance 2013 is the annual assessment of the military capabilities and defence economics of 171 countries world-wide. New features of the 2013 edition include; reorganised and expanded analytical essays. New sections on trends in contemporary armed conflicts in Afghanistan and Syria, as well as trends in defence capability areas, with a focus on equipment, technological or doctrinal developments. There is also an essay on trends in defence economics and procurement, one on European defence industries, and another on anti-access/area denial, detailed analysis of regional and national defence policy and economic issues for selected states, updated graphics feature on comparative defence statistics, with focus on defence economics, and major land, sea and, air capability concerns, tables, graphics and analysis of defence economics issues, additional national capability summaries, additional data on, land forces: combat support and combat service support, new graphics and maps on defence capability issues and additional data on cyber capabilities. |
| sa 2 guideline: The Military Balance 2022 The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), 2022-02-14 Published each year since 1959, The Military Balance is an indispensable reference to the capabilities of armed forces across the globe. It is used by academia, the media, armed forces, the private sector and government. It is an open-source assessment of the military forces and equipment inventories of 171 countries, with accompanying defence economics and procurement data. Alongside detailed country data, The Military Balance assesses important defence issues, by region, as well as key global trends, such as in defence technology and equipment modernisation. This analysis is accompanied by full-colour graphics, including maps and illustrations. With extensive explanatory notes and reference information, The Military Balance is as straightforward to use as it is extensive. The 2022 edition is accompanied by a fullcolour wall chart illustrating security dynamics in the Arctic. |
| sa 2 guideline: The Eleven Days of Christmas Marshall L. Michel (III), 2002 In December 1972, with an increasingly dovish Congress preparing to cut off all funding for the war in Vietnam, President Richard Nixon ordered the bombing of Hanoi by the Strategic Air Command's big stick, its fleet of B-52 bombers. Never before had a B-52 been lost in combat, but the North Vietnamese SAM missile crews knocked them out of the sky in the first days of the engagement. Despite the losses, the surviving bombers kept coming, inflicting huge losses on the North Vietnamese. For eleven days the momentum swung back and forth, moving from what appeared to be a certain U.S. triumph, to a possible North Vietnamese victory, to the ultimate ambiguous denouement in which both sides won and lost. |
| sa 2 guideline: The Arab-U.S. Strategic Partnership and the Changing Security Balance in the Gulf Anthony H. Cordesman, 2015-11-10 The ongoing confrontation with Iran, the war against ISIL, the instability in Iraq, the Civil war in Syria, and the conflict in Yemen have all caused major changes in the security situation in the Persian Gulf and in the regional military balance. The strategic partnership between Arab Gulf states, and with the United States and other outside states, must now evolve to deal with conventional military threats and a range of new threats, including ideological extremists, non-state actors and their state sponsors, and a growing range of forces designed to fight asymmetric wars. This new report from the CSIS Burke Chair in Strategy provides a 2015 assessment of the Gulf military balance, the military capabilities of each Gulf state, the role of the United States as a security partner, and the priorities for change in the structure of both the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Arab Gulf military partnership with the United States. The assessment goes far beyond the conventional military balance and examines how force developments in the region affect joint and asymmetric warfare, missiles and missile defense, nuclear forces, as well as terrorism, the role of non-state actors, and outside powers. |
| sa 2 guideline: F-4 Phantom II Wild Weasel Units in Combat Peter E. Davies, 2023-02-16 With first-hand insight into the key role of the US Air Force's fighter-bomber from the Vietnam War through to Operation Desert Storm during the First Gulf War, this book is an unmissable account of some of the most dangerous and demanding missions in the two wars. The advent of the surface-to-air missile (SAM) in the early 1950s threatened the whole concept of aerial bombing from medium and high altitude. Countermeasures were developed during the Korean War, but with little initial success. It was only in the closing stages of the Vietnam War, with the F-4Cww Phantom II (Wild Weasel 4), that this equipment started to become successful enough to allow a substantial investment in converting 116 F-4E Phantom IIs into dedicated SEAD aircraft. This move introduced a new generation of anti-radar missiles which became invaluable in later operations including operations Desert Shield, Desert Storm and Northern Watch over Iraq. This volume features dynamic archival photography from crews who flew the jet, alongside mission accounts and technical details of the development and fielding of the F-4 Wild Weasel in its various iterations. Including specially commissioned artwork of 'sharkmouthed' Phantom IIs in Vietnam jungle camouflage and more modern USAF 'Ghost Gray', this book is the ultimate visual and technical guide to the F-4 Phantom II Wild Weasel Units in combat. |
| sa 2 guideline: Nuclear Weapons and NATO United States. Department of the Army, 1970 |
| sa 2 guideline: Handbook on the Soviet Armed Forces United States. Defense Intelligence Agency, 1978 |
| sa 2 guideline: Studies in Intelligence , 1992 |
| sa 2 guideline: On target : organizing and executing the strategic air campaign against Iraq , |
| sa 2 guideline: From Airbus to Zeppelin Norman Ferguson, 2016-10-06 With riveting facts, figures, quotes and statistics from the high-flying world of aviation, From Airbus to Zeppelin has it all. D is for Desert Island Discs: just what would Dambuster Guy Gibson have liked if marooned on his desert island? E is for Everest: did you know that two Scotsmen were the first to fly over the magnificent moutain? F is for Faster than the sun: which aircraft was the first to fly faster than the Earth's rotation? This is a must-read for anyone - and may even win the reader a pub quiz or two! |
| sa 2 guideline: Soviet Army Operations United States. Army Intelligence and Threat Analysis Center, 1978 |
intel i5-14400F的这块CPU到底如何，希望能得到一个中肯的评价？
要说i5-14400F的优势，就是它不锁SA电压，内存可以达到更高的频率，3600Hz和6000MHz都不在话下，而i5-13400F它锁SA电压，最适合的内存频率是3200MHz。 《星空》
求助各位大神，融资约束SA指标（为负），不加绝对值的SA指数越 …
首先，SA普遍为负数，根据公式： SA=-0.737 \times size + 0.043 \times size^2 - 0.040 \times age. 这里的size已经调整过了，所以就直观来说， SA越大，对应的size和age应该越小（新兴小 …
i5 13490f与i5 12490f参数和性能差距多少？i5 14490f与i5 13490f差 …
14490f（个人预测） 6大4小，P核单核睿频4.9，全核睿频4.3，三级缓存为24M，内存D4锁3200Mhz，D5锁5600Mhz，不锁SA电压。 再来谈差距 首先是CPU本身，以英特尔的睿频机 …
奢侈品门店中的SA全称是什么，这个词是怎么传开的？ - 知乎
SA就是Sales Associate，中文意思也就是销售顾问. 这个词也没啥传来不传开，因为奢侈品基本都是以欧洲法国意大利外资企业占领的中国市场. 在奢侈品行业工作的人大都有一个英文名和英 …
Science Advances第一轮审稿要多久？ - 知乎
万一被拒可能SA连送审机会都无。SA投了一个半月后收到revision decision，3正，原则上是个小修，不过我按照大修改，前前后后补了11个实验，现在已经回过去2周半了，还是To review， …
2025年 618 电脑内存选购指南及推荐，如何选择性价比内存条（内 …
May 20, 2025 · （12代/13代后缀没带K的U锁了SA电压，D4内存频率一般选3200MHz，超不上去，DDR5由于都是gear2运行，不受SA电压的影响） 14代intel：D4平台推荐选3600MHz，D5 …
Science Advances这个期刊水平如何？ - 知乎
所以SA上的文章可读可不读，比较鸡肋。 另外，nature系列期刊的层次丰富，选择面多，因此投nature系列期刊要比投science系列期刊更友好。NC上可冲nature和nature大子刊，下也 …
5G旁边有个A的标志是什么意思？ - 知乎
这个A什么意思，其他答友已经从定义方便给予解释了；我想补充一点，5G-A还是5G都是高速公路多宽、限速多高，但是你能跑多快，还是取决于你的“车”和有没有“限速摄像头”，当下买个“好 …
Science Advances 和 Advanced Science哪个杂志口碑好，哪个更容 …
SA 小NC JACS Angew AM一般在各大高校里被认为是一档，也是比较硬通货的一档，不太容易像chem，matter一样因为政策而出现薛定谔的顶刊变化。 与Nature出色的运营而衍生出一大堆 …
在机油里，SN 和 SP 级别的机油有什么区别？ - 知乎
sn是汽油机油的第二等级，sp是目前汽油机油的最高等级，现在用的最多的是sn、sp两种，sa-sh 已经停用，其他的也比较少用。 以后也保不齐会出现sq什么的，代表更高级别的等级。 使用 …
intel i5-14400F的这块CPU到底如何，希望能得到一个中肯的评价？
要说i5-14400F的优势，就是它不锁SA电压，内存可以达到更高的频率，3600Hz和6000MHz都不在话下，而i5-13400F它锁SA电压，最适合的内存频率是3200MHz。 《星空》
求助各位大神，融资约束SA指标（为负），不加绝对值的SA指数越 …
首先，SA普遍为负数，根据公式： SA=-0.737 \times size + 0.043 \times size^2 - 0.040 \times age. 这里的size已经调整过了，所以就直观来说， SA越大，对应的size和age应该越小（新兴 …
i5 13490f与i5 12490f参数和性能差距多少？i5 14490f与i5 13490f差 …
14490f（个人预测） 6大4小，P核单核睿频4.9，全核睿频4.3，三级缓存为24M，内存D4锁3200Mhz，D5锁5600Mhz，不锁SA电压。 再来谈差距 首先是CPU本身，以英特尔的睿频机 …
奢侈品门店中的SA全称是什么，这个词是怎么传开的？ - 知乎
SA就是Sales Associate，中文意思也就是销售顾问. 这个词也没啥传来不传开，因为奢侈品基本都是以欧洲法国意大利外资企业占领的中国市场. 在奢侈品行业工作的人大都有一个英文名和英 …
Science Advances第一轮审稿要多久？ - 知乎
万一被拒可能SA连送审机会都无。SA投了一个半月后收到revision decision，3正，原则上是个小修，不过我按照大修改，前前后后补了11个实验，现在已经回过去2周半了，还是To review， …
2025年 618 电脑内存选购指南及推荐，如何选择性价比内存条（内 …
May 20, 2025 · （12代/13代后缀没带K的U锁了SA电压，D4内存频率一般选3200MHz，超不上去，DDR5由于都是gear2运行，不受SA电压的影响） 14代intel：D4平台推荐选3600MHz，D5 …
Science Advances这个期刊水平如何？ - 知乎
所以SA上的文章可读可不读，比较鸡肋。 另外，nature系列期刊的层次丰富，选择面多，因此投nature系列期刊要比投science系列期刊更友好。NC上可冲nature和nature大子刊，下也 …
5G旁边有个A的标志是什么意思？ - 知乎
这个A什么意思，其他答友已经从定义方便给予解释了；我想补充一点，5G-A还是5G都是高速公路多宽、限速多高，但是你能跑多快，还是取决于你的“车”和有没有“限速摄像头”，当下买个“好 …
Science Advances 和 Advanced Science哪个杂志口碑好，哪个更容 …
SA 小NC JACS Angew AM一般在各大高校里被认为是一档，也是比较硬通货的一档，不太容易像chem，matter一样因为政策而出现薛定谔的顶刊变化。 与Nature出色的运营而衍生出一大堆 …
在机油里，SN 和 SP 级别的机油有什么区别？ - 知乎
sn是汽油机油的第二等级，sp是目前汽油机油的最高等级，现在用的最多的是sn、sp两种，sa-sh 已经停用，其他的也比较少用。 以后也保不齐会出现sq什么的，代表更高级别的等级。 使用 …
