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| serge lang real and functional analysis: Real and Functional Analysis Serge Lang, 2012-12-06 This book is meant as a text for a first year graduate course in analysis. Any standard course in undergraduate analysis will constitute sufficient preparation for its understanding, for instance, my Undergraduate Anal ysis. I assume that the reader is acquainted with notions of uniform con vergence and the like. In this third edition, I have reorganized the book by covering inte gration before functional analysis. Such a rearrangement fits the way courses are taught in all the places I know of. I have added a number of examples and exercises, as well as some material about integration on the real line (e.g. on Dirac sequence approximation and on Fourier analysis), and some material on functional analysis (e.g. the theory of the Gelfand transform in Chapter XVI). These upgrade previous exercises to sections in the text. In a sense, the subject matter covers the same topics as elementary calculus, viz. linear algebra, differentiation and integration. This time, however, these subjects are treated in a manner suitable for the training of professionals, i.e. people who will use the tools in further investiga tions, be it in mathematics, or physics, or what have you. In the first part, we begin with point set topology, essential for all analysis, and we cover the most important results. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Real and Functional Analysis Serge Lang, 2012-10-23 This book is meant as a text for a first-year graduate course in analysis. In a sense, it covers the same topics as elementary calculus but treats them in a manner suitable for people who will be using it in further mathematical investigations. The organization avoids long chains of logical interdependence, so that chapters are mostly independent. This allows a course to omit material from some chapters without compromising the exposition of material from later chapters. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Real and Functional Analysis Serge Lang, 1993-05-03 This book is meant as a text for a first-year graduate course in analysis. In a sense, it covers the same topics as elementary calculus but treats them in a manner suitable for people who will be using it in further mathematical investigations. The organization avoids long chains of logical interdependence, so that chapters are mostly independent. This allows a course to omit material from some chapters without compromising the exposition of material from later chapters. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Undergraduate Analysis Serge Lang, 2013-03-14 This is a logically self-contained introduction to analysis, suitable for students who have had two years of calculus. The book centers around those properties that have to do with uniform convergence and uniform limits in the context of differentiation and integration. Topics discussed include the classical test for convergence of series, Fourier series, polynomial approximation, the Poisson kernel, the construction of harmonic functions on the disc, ordinary differential equation, curve integrals, derivatives in vector spaces, multiple integrals, and others. In this second edition, the author has added a new chapter on locally integrable vector fields, has rewritten many sections and expanded others. There are new sections on heat kernels in the context of Dirac families and on the completion of normed vector spaces. A proof of the fundamental lemma of Lebesgue integration is included, in addition to many interesting exercises. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Complex Analysis Serge Lang, 2013-04-10 The present book is meant as a text for a course on complex analysis at the advanced undergraduate level, or first-year graduate level. Somewhat more material has been included than can be covered at leisure in one term, to give opportunities for the instructor to exercise his taste, and lead the course in whatever direction strikes his fancy at the time. A large number of routine exercises are included for the more standard portions, and a few harder exercises of striking theoretical interest are also included, but may be omitted in courses addressed to less advanced students. In some sense, I think the classical German prewar texts were the best (Hurwitz-Courant, Knopp, Bieberbach, etc. ) and I would recom mend to anyone to look through them. More recent texts have empha sized connections with real analysis, which is important, but at the cost of exhibiting succinctly and clearly what is peculiar about complex anal ysis: the power series expansion, the uniqueness of analytic continuation, and the calculus of residues. The systematic elementary development of formal and convergent power series was standard fare in the German texts, but only Cartan, in the more recent books, includes this material, which I think is quite essential, e. g. , for differential equations. I have written a short text, exhibiting these features, making it applicable to a wide variety of tastes. The book essentially decomposes into two parts. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Beginning Functional Analysis Karen Saxe, 2013-04-17 This book is designed as a text for a first course on functional analysis for ad vanced undergraduates or for beginning graduate students. It can be used in the undergraduate curriculum for an honors seminar, or for a capstone course. It can also be used for self-study or independent study. The course prerequisites are few, but a certain degree of mathematical sophistication is required. A reader must have had the equivalent of a first real analysis course, as might be taught using [25] or [109], and a first linear algebra course. Knowledge of the Lebesgue integral is not a prerequisite. Throughout the book we use elementary facts about the complex numbers; these are gathered in Appendix A. In one spe cific place (Section 5.3) we require a few properties of analytic functions. These are usually taught in the first half of an undergraduate complex analysis course. Because we want this book to be accessible to students who have not taken a course on complex function theory, a complete description of the needed results is given. However, we do not prove these results. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: A Course in Functional Analysis John B Conway, 2019-03-09 This book is an introductory text in functional analysis. Unlike many modern treatments, it begins with the particular and works its way to the more general. From the reviews: This book is an excellent text for a first graduate course in functional analysis....Many interesting and important applications are included....It includes an abundance of exercises, and is written in the engaging and lucid style which we have come to expect from the author. --MATHEMATICAL REVIEWS |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Undergraduate Algebra Serge Lang, 2013-06-29 This book, together with Linear Algebra, constitutes a curriculum for an algebra program addressed to undergraduates. The separation of the linear algebra from the other basic algebraic structures fits all existing tendencies affecting undergraduate teaching, and I agree with these tendencies. I have made the present book self contained logically, but it is probably better if students take the linear algebra course before being introduced to the more abstract notions of groups, rings, and fields, and the systematic development of their basic abstract properties. There is of course a little overlap with the book Lin ear Algebra, since I wanted to make the present book self contained. I define vector spaces, matrices, and linear maps and prove their basic properties. The present book could be used for a one-term course, or a year's course, possibly combining it with Linear Algebra. I think it is important to do the field theory and the Galois theory, more important, say, than to do much more group theory than we have done here. There is a chapter on finite fields, which exhibit both features from general field theory, and special features due to characteristic p. Such fields have become important in coding theory. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Calculus of Several Variables Serge Lang, 2012-10-17 This new, revised edition covers all of the basic topics in calculus of several variables, including vectors, curves, functions of several variables, gradient, tangent plane, maxima and minima, potential functions, curve integrals, Green’s theorem, multiple integrals, surface integrals, Stokes’ theorem, and the inverse mapping theorem and its consequences. It includes many completely worked-out problems. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Real Analysis Gerald B. Folland, 2013-06-11 An in-depth look at real analysis and its applications-now expanded and revised. This new edition of the widely used analysis book continues to cover real analysis in greater detail and at a more advanced level than most books on the subject. Encompassing several subjects that underlie much of modern analysis, the book focuses on measure and integration theory, point set topology, and the basics of functional analysis. It illustrates the use of the general theories and introduces readers to other branches of analysis such as Fourier analysis, distribution theory, and probability theory. This edition is bolstered in content as well as in scope-extending its usefulness to students outside of pure analysis as well as those interested in dynamical systems. The numerous exercises, extensive bibliography, and review chapter on sets and metric spaces make Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications, Second Edition invaluable for students in graduate-level analysis courses. New features include: * Revised material on the n-dimensional Lebesgue integral. * An improved proof of Tychonoff's theorem. * Expanded material on Fourier analysis. * A newly written chapter devoted to distributions and differential equations. * Updated material on Hausdorff dimension and fractal dimension. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Introduction to Linear Algebra Serge Lang, 2012-12-06 This is a short text in linear algebra, intended for a one-term course. In the first chapter, Lang discusses the relation between the geometry and the algebra underlying the subject, and gives concrete examples of the notions which appear later in the book. He then starts with a discussion of linear equations, matrices and Gaussian elimination, and proceeds to discuss vector spaces, linear maps, scalar products, determinants, and eigenvalues. The book contains a large number of exercises, some of the routine computational type, while others are conceptual. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: SL2(R) S. Lang, 1985-08-23 This book introduces the infinite dimensional representation theory of semisimple Lie groups by concentrating on one example - SL2(R). The contents are accessible to a wide audience, requiring only a knowledge of real analysis, and some differential equations. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Math Talks for Undergraduates Serge Lang, 2012-12-06 For many years Serge Lang has given talks to undergraduates on selected items in mathematics which could be extracted at a level understandable by students who have had calculus. Written in a conversational tone, Lang now presents a collection of those talks as a book. The talks could be given by faculty, but even better, they may be given by students in seminars run by the students themselves. Undergraduates, and even some high school students, will enjoy the talks which cover prime numbers, the abc conjecture, approximation theorems of analysis, Bruhat-Tits spaces, harmonic and symmetric polynomials, and more in a lively and informal style. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Real Analysis N. L. Carothers, 2000-08-15 A text for a first graduate course in real analysis for students in pure and applied mathematics, statistics, education, engineering, and economics. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Functional Analysis Kōsaku Yoshida, 2013-11-11 |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Differential and Riemannian Manifolds Serge Lang, 2012-12-06 This is the third version of a book on differential manifolds. The first version appeared in 1962, and was written at the very beginning of a period of great expansion of the subject. At the time, I found no satisfactory book for the foundations of the subject, for multiple reasons. I expanded the book in 1971, and I expand it still further today. Specifically, I have added three chapters on Riemannian and pseudo Riemannian geometry, that is, covariant derivatives, curvature, and some applications up to the Hopf-Rinow and Hadamard-Cartan theorems, as well as some calculus of variations and applications to volume forms. I have rewritten the sections on sprays, and I have given more examples of the use of Stokes' theorem. I have also given many more references to the literature, all of this to broaden the perspective of the book, which I hope can be used among things for a general course leading into many directions. The present book still meets the old needs, but fulfills new ones. At the most basic level, the book gives an introduction to the basic concepts which are used in differential topology, differential geometry, and differential equations. In differential topology, one studies for instance homotopy classes of maps and the possibility of finding suitable differentiable maps in them (immersions, embeddings, isomorphisms, etc.). |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: A First Course in Calculus Serge Lang, 2012-09-17 The purpose of a first course in calculus is to teach the student the basic notions of derivative and integral, and the basic techniques and applica tions which accompany them. The very talented students, with an ob vious aptitude for mathematics, will rapidly require a course in functions of one real variable, more or less as it is understood by professional is not primarily addressed to them (although mathematicians. This book I hope they will be able to acquire from it a good introduction at an early age). I have not written this course in the style I would use for an advanced monograph, on sophisticated topics. One writes an advanced monograph for oneself, because one wants to give permanent form to one's vision of some beautiful part of mathematics, not otherwise ac cessible, somewhat in the manner of a composer setting down his sym phony in musical notation. This book is written for the students to give them an immediate, and pleasant, access to the subject. I hope that I have struck a proper com promise, between dwelling too much on special details and not giving enough technical exercises, necessary to acquire the desired familiarity with the subject. In any case, certain routine habits of sophisticated mathematicians are unsuitable for a first course. Rigor. This does not mean that so-called rigor has to be abandoned. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: A First Course in Real Analysis Sterling K. Berberian, 2012-09-10 Mathematics is the music of science, and real analysis is the Bach of mathematics. There are many other foolish things I could say about the subject of this book, but the foregoing will give the reader an idea of where my heart lies. The present book was written to support a first course in real analysis, normally taken after a year of elementary calculus. Real analysis is, roughly speaking, the modern setting for Calculus, real alluding to the field of real numbers that underlies it all. At center stage are functions, defined and taking values in sets of real numbers or in sets (the plane, 3-space, etc.) readily derived from the real numbers; a first course in real analysis traditionally places the emphasis on real-valued functions defined on sets of real numbers. The agenda for the course: (1) start with the axioms for the field ofreal numbers, (2) build, in one semester and with appropriate rigor, the foun dations of calculus (including the Fundamental Theorem), and, along theway, (3) develop those skills and attitudes that enable us to continue learning mathematics on our own. Three decades of experience with the exercise have not diminished my astonishment that it can be done. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Real and Abstract Analysis E. Hewitt, K. Stromberg, 2012-12-06 This book is first of all designed as a text for the course usually called theory of functions of a real variable. This course is at present cus tomarily offered as a first or second year graduate course in United States universities, although there are signs that this sort of analysis will soon penetrate upper division undergraduate curricula. We have included every topic that we think essential for the training of analysts, and we have also gone down a number of interesting bypaths. We hope too that the book will be useful as a reference for mature mathematicians and other scientific workers. Hence we have presented very general and complete versions of a number of important theorems and constructions. Since these sophisticated versions may be difficult for the beginner, we have given elementary avatars of all important theorems, with appro priate suggestions for skipping. We have given complete definitions, ex planations, and proofs throughout, so that the book should be usable for individual study as well as for a course text. Prerequisites for reading the book are the following. The reader is assumed to know elementary analysis as the subject is set forth, for example, in TOM M. ApOSTOL'S Mathematical Analysis [Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Reading, Mass., 1957], or WALTER RUDIN'S Principles of M athe nd matical Analysis [2 Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1964]. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Analysis for Applied Mathematics Ward Cheney, 2013-04-17 This book evolved from a course at our university for beginning graduate stu dents in mathematics-particularly students who intended to specialize in ap plied mathematics. The content of the course made it attractive to other math ematics students and to graduate students from other disciplines such as en gineering, physics, and computer science. Since the course was designed for two semesters duration, many topics could be included and dealt with in de tail. Chapters 1 through 6 reflect roughly the actual nature of the course, as it was taught over a number of years. The content of the course was dictated by a syllabus governing our preliminary Ph. D. examinations in the subject of ap plied mathematics. That syllabus, in turn, expressed a consensus of the faculty members involved in the applied mathematics program within our department. The text in its present manifestation is my interpretation of that syllabus: my colleagues are blameless for whatever flaws are present and for any inadvertent deviations from the syllabus. The book contains two additional chapters having important material not included in the course: Chapter 8, on measure and integration, is for the ben efit of readers who want a concise presentation of that subject, and Chapter 7 contains some topics closely allied, but peripheral, to the principal thrust of the course. This arrangement of the material deserves some explanation. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Elliptic Functions Serge Lang, 2012-12-06 Elliptic functions parametrize elliptic curves, and the intermingling of the analytic and algebraic-arithmetic theory has been at the center of mathematics since the early part of the nineteenth century. The book is divided into four parts. In the first, Lang presents the general analytic theory starting from scratch. Most of this can be read by a student with a basic knowledge of complex analysis. The next part treats complex multiplication, including a discussion of Deuring's theory of l-adic and p-adic representations, and elliptic curves with singular invariants. Part three covers curves with non-integral invariants, and applies the Tate parametrization to give Serre's results on division points. The last part covers theta functions and the Kronecker Limit Formula. Also included is an appendix by Tate on algebraic formulas in arbitrary charactistic. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Introduction to Arakelov Theory Serge Lang, 2012-12-06 Arakelov introduced a component at infinity in arithmetic considerations, thus giving rise to global theorems similar to those of the theory of surfaces, but in an arithmetic context over the ring of integers of a number field. The book gives an introduction to this theory, including the analogues of the Hodge Index Theorem, the Arakelov adjunction formula, and the Faltings Riemann-Roch theorem. The book is intended for second year graduate students and researchers in the field who want a systematic introduction to the subject. The residue theorem, which forms the basis for the adjunction formula, is proved by a direct method due to Kunz and Waldi. The Faltings Riemann-Roch theorem is proved without assumptions of semistability. An effort has been made to include all necessary details, and as complete references as possible, especially to needed facts of analysis for Green's functions and the Faltings metrics. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Fundamentals of Differential Geometry Serge Lang, 2012-12-06 The present book aims to give a fairly comprehensive account of the fundamentals of differential manifolds and differential geometry. The size of the book influenced where to stop, and there would be enough material for a second volume (this is not a threat). At the most basic level, the book gives an introduction to the basic concepts which are used in differential topology, differential geometry, and differential equations. In differential topology, one studies for instance homotopy classes of maps and the possibility of finding suitable differen tiable maps in them (immersions, embeddings, isomorphisms, etc. ). One may also use differentiable structures on topological manifolds to deter mine the topological structure of the manifold (for example, it la Smale [Sm 67]). In differential geometry, one puts an additional structure on the differentiable manifold (a vector field, a spray, a 2-form, a Riemannian metric, ad lib. ) and studies properties connected especially with these objects. Formally, one may say that one studies properties invariant under the group of differentiable automorphisms which preserve the additional structure. In differential equations, one studies vector fields and their in tegral curves, singular points, stable and unstable manifolds, etc. A certain number of concepts are essential for all three, and are so basic and elementary that it is worthwhile to collect them together so that more advanced expositions can be given without having to start from the very beginnings. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Basic Analysis of Regularized Series and Products Jay Jorgenson, Serge Lang, 2006-11-15 Analytic number theory and part of the spectral theory of operators (differential, pseudo-differential, elliptic, etc.) are being merged under amore general analytic theory of regularized products of certain sequences satisfying a few basic axioms. The most basic examples consist of the sequence of natural numbers, the sequence of zeros with positive imaginary part of the Riemann zeta function, and the sequence of eigenvalues, say of a positive Laplacian on a compact or certain cases of non-compact manifolds. The resulting theory is applicable to ergodic theory and dynamical systems; to the zeta and L-functions of number theory or representation theory and modular forms; to Selberg-like zeta functions; andto the theory of regularized determinants familiar in physics and other parts of mathematics. Aside from presenting a systematic account of widely scattered results, the theory also provides new results. One part of the theory deals with complex analytic properties, and another part deals with Fourier analysis. Typical examples are given. This LNM provides basic results which are and will be used in further papers, starting with a general formulation of Cram r's theorem and explicit formulas. The exposition is self-contained (except for far-reaching examples), requiring only standard knowledge of analysis. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Algebra Serge Lang, 1969 |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Real Mathematical Analysis Charles Chapman Pugh, 2013-03-19 Was plane geometry your favorite math course in high school? Did you like proving theorems? Are you sick of memorizing integrals? If so, real analysis could be your cup of tea. In contrast to calculus and elementary algebra, it involves neither formula manipulation nor applications to other fields of science. None. It is pure mathematics, and I hope it appeals to you, the budding pure mathematician. Berkeley, California, USA CHARLES CHAPMAN PUGH Contents 1 Real Numbers 1 1 Preliminaries 1 2 Cuts . . . . . 10 3 Euclidean Space . 21 4 Cardinality . . . 28 5* Comparing Cardinalities 34 6* The Skeleton of Calculus 36 Exercises . . . . . . . . 40 2 A Taste of Topology 51 1 Metric Space Concepts 51 2 Compactness 76 3 Connectedness 82 4 Coverings . . . 88 5 Cantor Sets . . 95 6* Cantor Set Lore 99 7* Completion 108 Exercises . . . 115 x Contents 3 Functions of a Real Variable 139 1 Differentiation. . . . 139 2 Riemann Integration 154 Series . . 179 3 Exercises 186 4 Function Spaces 201 1 Uniform Convergence and CO[a, b] 201 2 Power Series . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 3 Compactness and Equicontinuity in CO . 213 4 Uniform Approximation in CO 217 Contractions and ODE's . . . . . . . . 228 5 6* Analytic Functions . . . . . . . . . . . 235 7* Nowhere Differentiable Continuous Functions . 240 8* Spaces of Unbounded Functions 248 Exercises . . . . . 251 267 5 Multivariable Calculus 1 Linear Algebra . . 267 2 Derivatives. . . . 271 3 Higher derivatives . 279 4 Smoothness Classes . 284 5 Implicit and Inverse Functions 286 290 6* The Rank Theorem 296 7* Lagrange Multipliers 8 Multiple Integrals . . |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Introduction to Algebraic and Abelian Functions Serge Lang, 2012-12-06 Introduction to Algebraic and Abelian Functions is a self-contained presentation of a fundamental subject in algebraic geometry and number theory. For this revised edition, the material on theta functions has been expanded, and the example of the Fermat curves is carried throughout the text. This volume is geared toward a second-year graduate course, but it leads naturally to the study of more advanced books listed in the bibliography. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Problems and Solutions for Complex Analysis Rami Shakarchi, 2012-12-06 This book contains all the exercises and solutions of Serge Lang's Complex Analy sis. Chapters I through VITI of Lang's book contain the material of an introductory course at the undergraduate level and the reader will find exercises in all of the fol lowing topics: power series, Cauchy's theorem, Laurent series, singularities and meromorphic functions, the calculus of residues, conformal mappings and har monic functions. Chapters IX through XVI, which are suitable for a more advanced course at the graduate level, offer exercises in the following subjects: Schwarz re flection, analytic continuation, Jensen's formula, the Phragmen-LindelOf theorem, entire functions, Weierstrass products and meromorphic functions, the Gamma function and the Zeta function. This solutions manual offers a large number of worked out exercises of varying difficulty. I thank Serge Lang for teaching me complex analysis with so much enthusiasm and passion, and for giving me the opportunity to work on this answer book. Without his patience and help, this project would be far from complete. I thank my brother Karim for always being an infinite source of inspiration and wisdom. Finally, I want to thank Mark McKee for his help on some problems and Jennifer Baltzell for the many years of support, friendship and complicity. Rami Shakarchi Princeton, New Jersey 1999 Contents Preface vii I Complex Numbers and Functions 1 1. 1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2 Polar Form . . . . . . . . . 3 1. 3 Complex Valued Functions . 8 1. 4 Limits and Compact Sets . . 9 1. 6 The Cauchy-Riemann Equations . |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Abelian Varieties Serge Lang, 2019-02-13 Based on the work in algebraic geometry by Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (1802–29), this monograph was originally published in 1959 and reprinted later in author Serge Lang's career without revision. The treatment remains a basic advanced text in its field, suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in mathematics. Prerequisites include some background in elementary qualitative algebraic geometry and the elementary theory of algebraic groups. The book focuses exclusively on Abelian varieties rather than the broader field of algebraic groups; therefore, the first chapter presents all the general results on algebraic groups relevant to this treatment. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction and concludes with a historical and bibliographical note. Topics include general theorems on Abelian varieties, the theorem of the square, divisor classes on an Abelian variety, functorial formulas, the Picard variety of an arbitrary variety, the I-adic representations, and algebraic systems of Abelian varieties. The text concludes with a helpful Appendix covering the composition of correspondences. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Basic Mathematics Serge Lang, 1988-01 |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Fundamentals of Diophantine Geometry S. Lang, 1983-08-29 Diophantine problems represent some of the strongest aesthetic attractions to algebraic geometry. They consist in giving criteria for the existence of solutions of algebraic equations in rings and fields, and eventually for the number of such solutions. The fundamental ring of interest is the ring of ordinary integers Z, and the fundamental field of interest is the field Q of rational numbers. One discovers rapidly that to have all the technical freedom needed in handling general problems, one must consider rings and fields of finite type over the integers and rationals. Furthermore, one is led to consider also finite fields, p-adic fields (including the real and complex numbers) as representing a localization of the problems under consideration. We shall deal with global problems, all of which will be of a qualitative nature. On the one hand we have curves defined over say the rational numbers. Ifthe curve is affine one may ask for its points in Z, and thanks to Siegel, one can classify all curves which have infinitely many integral points. This problem is treated in Chapter VII. One may ask also for those which have infinitely many rational points, and for this, there is only Mordell's conjecture that if the genus is :;;; 2, then there is only a finite number of rational points. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Complex Analysis in one Variable NARASIMHAN, 2012-12-06 This book is based on a first-year graduate course I gave three times at the University of Chicago. As it was addressed to graduate students who intended to specialize in mathematics, I tried to put the classical theory of functions of a complex variable in context, presenting proofs and points of view which relate the subject to other branches of mathematics. Complex analysis in one variable is ideally suited to this attempt. Of course, the branches of mathema tics one chooses, and the connections one makes, must depend on personal taste and knowledge. My own leaning towards several complex variables will be apparent, especially in the notes at the end of the different chapters. The first three chapters deal largely with classical material which is avai lable in the many books on the subject. I have tried to present this material as efficiently as I could, and, even here, to show the relationship with other branches of mathematics. Chapter 4 contains a proof of Picard's theorem; the method of proof I have chosen has far-reaching generalizations in several complex variables and in differential geometry. The next two chapters deal with the Runge approximation theorem and its many applications. The presentation here has been strongly influenced by work on several complex variables. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Number Theory III Serge Lang, 2013-12-01 In 1988 Shafarevich asked me to write a volume for the Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences on Diophantine Geometry. I said yes, and here is the volume. By definition, diophantine problems concern the solutions of equations in integers, or rational numbers, or various generalizations, such as finitely generated rings over Z or finitely generated fields over Q. The word Geometry is tacked on to suggest geometric methods. This means that the present volume is not elementary. For a survey of some basic problems with a much more elementary approach, see [La 9Oc]. The field of diophantine geometry is now moving quite rapidly. Out standing conjectures ranging from decades back are being proved. I have tried to give the book some sort of coherence and permanence by em phasizing structural conjectures as much as results, so that one has a clear picture of the field. On the whole, I omit proofs, according to the boundary conditions of the encyclopedia. On some occasions I do give some ideasfor the proofs when these are especially important. In any case, a lengthy bibliography refers to papers and books where proofs may be found. I have also followed Shafarevich's suggestion to give examples, and I have especially chosen these examples which show how some classical problems do or do not get solved by contemporary in sights. Fermat's last theorem occupies an intermediate position. Al though it is not proved, it is not an isolated problem any more. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Real Analysis H. L. Royden, 1963 |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Complex Analysis Theodore W. Gamelin, 2013-11-01 The book provides an introduction to complex analysis for students with some familiarity with complex numbers from high school. It conists of sixteen chapters. The first eleven chapters are aimed at an Upper Division undergraduate audience. The remaining five chapters are designed to complete the coverage of all background necessary for passing PhD qualifying exams in complex analysis. Topics studied in the book include Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set, Dirichlet series and the prime number theorem, and the uniformization theorem for Riemann surfaces. The three geometries, spherical, euclidean, and hyperbolic, are stressed. Exercises range from the very simple to the quite challenging, in all chapters. The book is based on lectures given over the years by the author at several places, including UCLA, Brown University, the universities at La Plata and Buenos Aires, Argentina; and the Universidad Autonomo de Valencia, Spain. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Modern Classical Homotopy Theory Jeffrey Strom, 2023-01-19 The core of classical homotopy theory is a body of ideas and theorems that emerged in the 1950s and was later largely codified in the notion of a model category. This core includes the notions of fibration and cofibration; CW complexes; long fiber and cofiber sequences; loop spaces and suspensions; and so on. Brown's representability theorems show that homology and cohomology are also contained in classical homotopy theory. This text develops classical homotopy theory from a modern point of view, meaning that the exposition is informed by the theory of model categories and that homotopy limits and colimits play central roles. The exposition is guided by the principle that it is generally preferable to prove topological results using topology (rather than algebra). The language and basic theory of homotopy limits and colimits make it possible to penetrate deep into the subject with just the rudiments of algebra. The text does reach advanced territory, including the Steenrod algebra, Bott periodicity, localization, the Exponent Theorem of Cohen, Moore, and Neisendorfer, and Miller's Theorem on the Sullivan Conjecture. Thus the reader is given the tools needed to understand and participate in research at (part of) the current frontier of homotopy theory. Proofs are not provided outright. Rather, they are presented in the form of directed problem sets. To the expert, these read as terse proofs; to novices they are challenges that draw them in and help them to thoroughly understand the arguments. |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: An Introduction to Classical Real Analysis Karl R. Stromberg, 2015-10-10 This classic book is a text for a standard introductory course in real analysis, covering sequences and series, limits and continuity, differentiation, elementary transcendental functions, integration, infinite series and products, and trigonometric series. The author has scrupulously avoided any presumption at all that the reader has any knowledge of mathematical concepts until they are formally presented in the book. One significant way in which this book differs from other texts at this level is that the integral which is first mentioned is the Lebesgue integral on the real line. There are at least three good reasons for doing this. First, this approach is no more difficult to understand than is the traditional theory of the Riemann integral. Second, the readers will profit from acquiring a thorough understanding of Lebesgue integration on Euclidean spaces before they enter into a study of abstract measure theory. Third, this is the integral that is most useful to current applied mathematicians and theoretical scientists, and is essential for any serious work with trigonometric series. The exercise sets are a particularly attractive feature of this book. A great many of the exercises are projects of many parts which, when completed in the order given, lead the student by easy stages to important and interesting results. Many of the exercises are supplied with copious hints. This new printing contains a large number of corrections and a short author biography as well as a list of selected publications of the author. This classic book is a text for a standard introductory course in real analysis, covering sequences and series, limits and continuity, differentiation, elementary transcendental functions, integration, infinite series and products, and trigonometric series. The author has scrupulously avoided any presumption at all that the reader has any knowledge of mathematical concepts until they are formally presented in the book. - See more at: http://bookstore.ams.org/CHEL-376-H/#sthash.wHQ1vpdk.dpuf This classic book is a text for a standard introductory course in real analysis, covering sequences and series, limits and continuity, differentiation, elementary transcendental functions, integration, infinite series and products, and trigonometric series. The author has scrupulously avoided any presumption at all that the reader has any knowledge of mathematical concepts until they are formally presented in the book. One significant way in which this book differs from other texts at this level is that the integral which is first mentioned is the Lebesgue integral on the real line. There are at least three good reasons for doing this. First, this approach is no more difficult to understand than is the traditional theory of the Riemann integral. Second, the readers will profit from acquiring a thorough understanding of Lebesgue integration on Euclidean spaces before they enter into a study of abstract measure theory. Third, this is the integral that is most useful to current applied mathematicians and theoretical scientists, and is essential for any serious work with trigonometric series. The exercise sets are a particularly attractive feature of this book. A great many of the exercises are projects of many parts which, when completed in the order given, lead the student by easy stages to important and interesting results. Many of the exercises are supplied with copious hints. This new printing contains a large number of corrections and a short author biography as well as a list of selected publications of the author. This classic book is a text for a standard introductory course in real analysis, covering sequences and series, limits and continuity, differentiation, elementary transcendental functions, integration, infinite series and products, and trigonometric series. The author has scrupulously avoided any presumption at all that the reader has any knowledge of mathematical concepts until they are formally presented in the book. - See more at: http://bookstore.ams.org/CHEL-376-H/#sthash.wHQ1vpdk.dpuf |
| serge lang real and functional analysis: Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications Erwin Kreyszig, 1991-01-16 KREYSZIG The Wiley Classics Library consists of selected books originally published by John Wiley & Sons that have become recognized classics in their respective fields. With these new unabridged and inexpensive editions, Wiley hopes to extend the life of these important works by making them available to future generations of mathematicians and scientists. Currently available in the Series: Emil Artin Geometnc Algebra R. W. Carter Simple Groups Of Lie Type Richard Courant Differential and Integrai Calculus. Volume I Richard Courant Differential and Integral Calculus. Volume II Richard Courant & D. Hilbert Methods of Mathematical Physics, Volume I Richard Courant & D. Hilbert Methods of Mathematical Physics. Volume II Harold M. S. Coxeter Introduction to Modern Geometry. Second Edition Charles W. Curtis, Irving Reiner Representation Theory of Finite Groups and Associative Algebras Nelson Dunford, Jacob T. Schwartz unear Operators. Part One. General Theory Nelson Dunford. Jacob T. Schwartz Linear Operators, Part Two. Spectral Theory—Self Adjant Operators in Hilbert Space Nelson Dunford, Jacob T. Schwartz Linear Operators. Part Three. Spectral Operators Peter Henrici Applied and Computational Complex Analysis. Volume I—Power Senes-lntegrauon-Contormal Mapping-Locatvon of Zeros Peter Hilton, Yet-Chiang Wu A Course in Modern Algebra Harry Hochstadt Integral Equations Erwin Kreyszig Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications P. M. Prenter Splines and Variational Methods C. L. Siegel Topics in Complex Function Theory. Volume I —Elliptic Functions and Uniformizatton Theory C. L. Siegel Topics in Complex Function Theory. Volume II —Automorphic and Abelian Integrals C. L. Siegel Topics In Complex Function Theory. Volume III —Abelian Functions & Modular Functions of Several Variables J. J. Stoker Differential Geometry |
Serge: A Reformed International Missions Organization
Serge is an international Christian missions organization that sends and cares for missionaries, mentors & equips ministry leaders, and develops gospel-centered resources for ongoing renewal.
Serge (fabric) - Wikipedia
Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both inner and outer surfaces via a two-up, two-down weave. [1] The worsted variety is used in making military uniforms, suits, …
SERGE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Feb 10, 2025 · The meaning of SERGE is a durable twilled fabric having a smooth clear face and a pronounced diagonal rib on the front and the back. How to use serge in a sentence.
Serge Fabric: The Durable and Classy Material You Need For …
Aug 19, 2022 · Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave. The worsted variety is used in making military uniforms, suits, …
SERGE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
SERGE definition: 1. a strong cloth made from wool, used especially to make jackets and coats 2. a strong cloth made…. Learn more.
SERGE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
noun a twilled worsted or woolen fabric used especially for clothing. cotton, rayon, or silk in a twill weave. serge 2 [ surj ] Phonetic (Standard)IPA
About Us - Reformed Missions Organization - Serge
Formerly known as World Harvest Mission, Serge is an international Christian missions organization with over 300 missionaries in over 26 countries.
Christian Missions - Go and Grow with Us | Serge
Become a missionary with Serge - explore the life-changing opportunities for you to grow and serve around the world. Global Health, Business, Education, Church Planting, Discipleship, …
Meet Our Leadership - Serge
Serge (formerly World Harvest Mission) was organized under the leadership of Dr. Jack Miller, a pastor, evangelist and author. In the late 1970s, the missions-outreach of the congregation he …
Sergey Urman, M.D. | Ophthalmologist - Boston Vision
Meet Dr. Urman Sergey Urman, M.D. is a board-certified member of the American Board of Ophthalmology. He is also a member of the New England
Serge: A Reformed International Missions Organization
Serge is an international Christian missions organization that sends and cares for missionaries, mentors & equips ministry leaders, and develops gospel-centered resources for ongoing renewal.
Serge (fabric) - Wikipedia
Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both inner and outer surfaces via a two-up, two-down weave. [1] The worsted variety is used in making military uniforms, suits, …
SERGE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Feb 10, 2025 · The meaning of SERGE is a durable twilled fabric having a smooth clear face and a pronounced diagonal rib on the front and the back. How to use serge in a sentence.
Serge Fabric: The Durable and Classy Material You Need For Your …
Aug 19, 2022 · Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave. The worsted variety is used in making military uniforms, suits, …
SERGE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
SERGE definition: 1. a strong cloth made from wool, used especially to make jackets and coats 2. a strong cloth made…. Learn more.
SERGE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
noun a twilled worsted or woolen fabric used especially for clothing. cotton, rayon, or silk in a twill weave. serge 2 [ surj ] Phonetic (Standard)IPA
About Us - Reformed Missions Organization - Serge
Formerly known as World Harvest Mission, Serge is an international Christian missions organization with over 300 missionaries in over 26 countries.
Christian Missions - Go and Grow with Us | Serge
Become a missionary with Serge - explore the life-changing opportunities for you to grow and serve around the world. Global Health, Business, Education, Church Planting, Discipleship, and more...
Meet Our Leadership - Serge
Serge (formerly World Harvest Mission) was organized under the leadership of Dr. Jack Miller, a pastor, evangelist and author. In the late 1970s, the missions-outreach of the congregation he …
Sergey Urman, M.D. | Ophthalmologist - Boston Vision
Meet Dr. Urman Sergey Urman, M.D. is a board-certified member of the American Board of Ophthalmology. He is also a member of the New England
