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| scapegoat ritual: The Scapegoat: Ritual and Literature John B. Vickery, J'nan M. Sellery, 1971 |
| scapegoat ritual: Thinking Through Rituals Kevin Schilbrack, 2004 Thinking Through Rituals explores religious ritual acts and their connection to meaning and truth, building upon their special status as virtually pure forms of belief in action. |
| scapegoat ritual: Misreading Ritual Abby Kaplan, 2022-05-25 Many Christians treat the first half of Leviticus with, at best, benign neglect. Bloody animal sacrifices? Rituals for skin diseases and genital discharges? Surely these things are irrelevant for a modern follower of Jesus. Our engagement with these texts often doesn't go beyond a pious thank God we don't have to do that anymore! But this isn't enough if we want to take the world of the Bible seriously. Scripture itself testifies that plenty of ancient worshippers found beauty and meaning in these laws--that they encountered God even in those sacrificial rituals that seem so bizarre to us. This book offers a constructive interpretation of Old Testament rituals for Christians today, even for the majority of us who don't practice them literally. Drawing on contemporary scholarship, as well as the long history of Jewish and Christian interpretation, the book explores how sacrifice was a way to experience worship, cleansing, and fellowship with God; what systems of ritual impurity teach us about embodied holy living; and how dietary regulations can train God's people in humility and reverence for God's good creation. It provides followers of Jesus with the tools to treat Leviticus as a valuable theological resource, not an embarrassment. |
| scapegoat ritual: The Scapegoat René Girard, 1989-08 In 'The Scapegoat', the author audaciously turns to classical mythology, medieval narrative, and the New Testament to explore the scenes behind 'texts of persecution, ' documents that recount collective violence from the standpoint of the persecutor. |
| scapegoat ritual: Illuminating Leviticus Calum Carmichael, 2006-12-04 Publisher description |
| scapegoat ritual: The Cursed Christ Bradley H. McLean, 1996-05-01 In the first part of this study, McLean deals with Paul's letters synchronically, critiquing the traditional sacrificial interpretation of Paul's atonement theology and offering an alternative model, previously unexplored in scholarship; the argument is not genealogical, but analogical, drawing on the work of Jonathan Z. Smith. In the second part, McLean describes and builds on the method of John Hurd, studying the development of Paul's soteriology diachronically; Paul's letters are examined in chronological order, and the sociological factors that contributed to each development are examined. Finally, Paul's soteriology is placed against the broader canvas of early Christianity, especially the communities associated with Q and the Gospel of Thomas. |
| scapegoat ritual: Human Sacrifice in Jewish and Christian Tradition Karin Finsterbusch, Armin Lange, 2018-08-14 This volume asks to which extent ancient practices and traditions of human sacrifice are reflected in medieval and modern Judeo-Christian times. The first part of the volume, on antiquity, focuses on rituals of human sacrifice and polemics against it, as well as on transformations of human sacrifice in the Israelite-Jewish and Christian cultures, while the Ancient Near East and ancient Greece are not excluded. The second part of the volume, on medieval and modern times, discusses human sacrifice in Jewish and Christian traditions as well as the debates about euthanasia and death penalty in the Western world. |
| scapegoat ritual: A Genealogy of Violence and Religion James Bernard Murphy, 2018-04-11 Why are religious rituals, symbols, and rhetoric so full of images of blood, sacrifice, and death? Why does religious fervor so often lead to Holy War, Crusade, and Jihad? No wonder many people assume that religion tends to give rise to violence. But what if it were the other way around? What if violence actually gave rise to religion? So argued the French literary theorist and anthropologist Rene Girard (1923-2015). Described as the Darwin of the human sciences, he was elected to the French Academy in 2005 for his seminal theories of sacred violence. Girard argued that religious practices function to sublimate, regulate, and discharge human violence in controlled rituals. Where does violence come from? According to Girard, from the social nature of human desire itself. We desire things only because others desire them, so desire is inherently rivalrous, leading to violent conflict. But if a scapegoat can be found, then this war of all against all turns into a war of all against one. Social order, claimed Girard, stems from the unity of a lynch mob. Religious rituals then serve to commemorate the primordial murder of the scapegoat. What are we to make of Girards provocative claims about human desire, violence, scapegoat killings, and religion? Political philosopher James Bernard Murphy presents here a series of sharp and witty dialogues in which Girard attempts to defend his ideas against attacks by rival theorists, among them, Sigmund Freud, William James, Simone Weil, Elias Canetti and Joseph de Maistre. Whatever we might think of his answers, Girard asks challenging, unsettling questions. In these illuminating and lively exchanges, Girard squares off with the titans of social theory. |
| scapegoat ritual: Pax Hethitica Yoram Cohen, Amir Gilan, Itamar Singer, Jared L. Miller, 2010 Mit Pax Hethitica erscheint die Festschrift fur Itamar Singer, langjahriger Professor an der Universitat Tel Aviv und fuhrender Hethitologe und Historiker des Alten Orients. Die Festschrift enthalt 34 Beitrage von seinen Kollegen aus der Altanatolistik und Altorientalistik vor allem zu hethitologischen, aber auch zu assyriologischen, syrischen, indogermanischen und agaischen Themen. Die vielfaltigen Beitrage entsprechen den umfassenden Forschungsinteressen des Jubilars, die weit uber die Grenzen Anatoliens und der Hethitologie hinausreichen. Mit Beitragen von: A. Altman, A. Archi, T. Bryce, B.J. Collins, L. d'Alfonso, S. de Martino, A. Dincol, B. Dincol, Y. Feder, M. Forlanini, M. Giorgieri, S. Gordin, J.D. Hawkins, V. Haas, S. Heinhold-Krahmer, H.A. Hoffner, Jr., C. Karasu, H.C. Melchert, C. Mora, N. Oettinger, I. Peled, F. Pecchioli Daddi, M. Poetto, M. Popko, A.F. Rainey, E. Rieken, D. Schwemer, O. Soysal, I. Tati'vili, P. Taracha, G. Torri, T. van den Hout, G. Wilhelm, I. Yakubovich, A. Yasur-Landau und R. Zadok |
| scapegoat ritual: Scapegoats for a Profession Ann E. Daniel, 1998 Scapegoating is projected here as an occurrence in justice systems of modern democracies. Daniel documents several disciplinary cases brought against successful professionals in law and medicine in order to do this, arguing that they are examples of community scapegoating by these professions. |
| scapegoat ritual: The Hittites and Their World Billie Jean Collins, 2012-11-01 Lost to history for millennia, the Hittites have regained their position among the great civilizations of the Late Bronze Age Near East, thanks to a century of archaeological discovery and philological investigation. The Hittites and Their World provides a concise, current, and engaging introduction to the history, society, and religion of this Anatolian empire, taking the reader from its beginnings in the period of the Assyrian Colonies in the nineteenth century B.C.E. to the eclipse of the Neo-Hittite cities at the end of the eighth century B.C.E. The numerous analogues with the biblical world featured throughout the volume together represent a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the varied and significant contributions of Hittite studies to biblical interpretation. |
| scapegoat ritual: The Background and Content of Paul's Cultic Atonement Metaphors Stephen Finlan, 2004 |
| scapegoat ritual: Nothing but the Blood of Jesus J. D. Myers, 2017-04-06 Why is the Bible so violent and bloody? How can God's behavior in the Old Testament be reconciled with that of Jesus in the New? Do you find yourself trying to rationalize God's violent demeanor in the Bible to unbelievers or even to yourself? Does it seem disconcerting that God tells us not to kill others but He then takes part in some of the bloodiest wars and vindictive genocides in history? The answer to all such questions is found in Jesus on the cross. By focusing your eyes on Jesus Christ and Him crucified, you come to understand that God was never angry at human sinners, and that no blood sacrifice was ever needed to purchase God's love, forgiveness, grace, and mercy. In Nothing but the Blood of Jesus, J. D. Myers shows how the death of Jesus on the cross reveals the truth about the five concepts of sin, law, sacrifice, scapegoating, and bloodshed. After carefully defining each, this book shows how these definitions provide clarity on numerous biblical texts. If you have ever wanted to see God in the light of Jesus, seek no further. J. D. Myers masterfully reveals the truth of who God is, as well as the missing pieces you have been searching for in order to truly understand what is written in the Bible. You will also gain insight into the true plight of humanity and what Jesus came to rescue and deliver us from. Read this book. You will not be disappointed. |
| scapegoat ritual: Beyond Primitivism Jacob K. Olupona, 2004-02-24 At a time when local traditions across the world are forcibly colliding with global culture, Beyond Primitivism explores the future of indigenous religions as they encounter modernity and globalisation. |
| scapegoat ritual: Forgiveness and Atonement Jonathan Rutledge, 2022-03-31 This book analyzes the relationship between forgiveness, atonement, and reconciliation from a Christian theological perspective. Drawing on both theological and philosophical literature, it addresses the problem of whether atonement is required for forgiveness and considers important related concepts such as sin and justice. The author develops a sacrificial model of atonement that connects an understanding of Christian forgiveness with the biblical narrative of Christ’s sacrifice and makes reconciliation between God and humanity possible. Offering a fresh and coherent argument, the book will be relevant to scholars of Christian theology, biblical studies, and the philosophy of religion. |
| scapegoat ritual: The Atoning Dyad: The Two Goats of Yom Kippur in the Apocalypse of Abraham Andrei Orlov, 2016-01-12 The study explores the eschatological reinterpretation of the Yom Kippur ritual found in the Apocalypse of Abraham where the protagonist of the story, the patriarch Abraham, takes on the role of a celestial goat for YHWH, while the text’s antagonist, the fallen angel Azazel, is envisioned as the demonic scapegoat. The study treats the application of the two goats typology to human and otherworldly figures in its full historical and interpretive complexity through a broad variety of Jewish and Christian sources, from the patriarchical narratives of the Hebrew Bible to early Christian materials in which Yom Kippur traditions were applied to Jesus’ story. |
| scapegoat ritual: Christ Died for Our Sins Jarvis J. Williams, 2015-05-18 In Christ Died for Our Sins, Jarvis J. Williams argues a twofold thesis: First, that Paul in Romans presents Jesus' death as both a representation of, and a substitute for, Jews and Gentiles. Second, that the Jewish martyrological narratives in certain Second Temple Jewish texts are a background behind Paul's presentation of Jesus' death. By means of careful textual analysis, Williams argues that the Jewish martyrological narratives appropriated and applied Levitical cultic language and Isaianic language to the deaths of the Torah-observant Jewish martyrs in order to present their deaths as a representation, a substitution, and as Israel's Yom Kippur for non-Torah-observant Jews. Williams seeks to show that Paul appropriated and applied this same language and conceptuality in order to present Jesus' death as the death of a Torah-observant Jew serving as a representation, a substitution, and as the Yom Kippur for both Jews and Gentiles. Scholars working in the areas of Romans, Pauline theology, Second Temple Judaism, atonement in Paul, or early Christian origins will find much to stimulate and provoke in these pages. |
| scapegoat ritual: The New Day of Atonement Hans M. Moscicke, 2020-04-27 In this work, Hans M. Moscicke investigates the influence of the Day of Atonement on Matthew's passion narrative. He argues that Matthew portrays Jesus as both goats of the Leviticus 16 ritual in his Barabbas episode (Matt 27:15-26), Roman-abuse scene (Matt 27:27-31), and death-resurrection narrative (Matt 27:50-54). --back cover |
| scapegoat ritual: Martyred for the Church Justin Buol, 2018-09-21 In this study, Justin Buol analyzes the writings connected with the deaths of Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, and Pothinus of Lyons in light of earlier accounts of the noble deaths of military, political, and religious leaders from Greco-Roman literature and the Bible, which record benefits accruing to a group on account of its leader's death. The author argues that the accounts of these three bishops' martyrdoms draw upon those prior models in order to portray the bishops as dying to unite, protect, and strengthen the Church, oppose false teaching and apostasy, and solidify the teaching role of the episcopal office. Finally, by providing a foundation for Irenaeus to argue for apostolic succession, these second-century bishop martyrs also help form a lasting contribution to the growth of episcopal power. |
| scapegoat ritual: Смех На Погребу Lada Stevanović, 2009 |
| scapegoat ritual: Redescribing the Gospel of Mark Barry S. Crawford, Merrill P. Miller, 2017-06-16 A collaborative project with a variety of critical essays This final volume of studies by members of the Society of Biblical Literature’s consultation, and later seminar, on Ancient Myths and Modern Theories of Christian Origins focuses on Mark. As with previous volumes, the provocative proposals on Christian origins offered by Burton L. Mack are tested by applying Jonathan Z. Smith's distinctive social theorizing and comparative method. Essays examine Mark as an author’s writing in a book culture, a writing that responded to situations arising out of the first Roman-Judean war after the destruction of the Jerusalem temple in 70 CE. Contributors William E. Arnal, Barry S. Crawford, Burton L. Mack, Christopher R. Matthews, Merrill P. Miller, Jonathan Z. Smith, and Robyn Faith Walsh explore the southern Levant as a plausible provenance of the Gospel of Mark and provide a detailed analysis of the construction of Mark as a narrative composed without access to prior narrative sources about Jesus. A concluding retrospective follows the work of the seminar, its developing discourse and debates, and the continuing work of successor groups in the field. Features A thorough examination of the relation between structure and event in social and anthropological theory that provides conceptual tools for representing the project of the author of Mark An exploration of the southern Levant as a plausible provenance of the Gospel, a permanent site of successive imperial regimes and culturally related peoples A detailed analysis of the construction of Mark as a narrative composed without access to prior narrative sources about Jesus |
| scapegoat ritual: The Open Mind Kevin Sullivan, Jonathan Knight, 2015-02-26 This Festschrift draws on the research interests of Christopher Rowland. The collection of essays comes from former doctoral students and other friends, many of whom shed light on the angelic contribution to the thought-world of developing Christianity. The significance of the Jewish contribution to developing Christian ideology is critically assessed, including the impact of the original Jewish sources on the earliest Christian belief. The distinguished contributors to this volume include April DeConick, Paul Foster, John Rogerson, Tobias Nicklas and Andrei Orlov. |
| scapegoat ritual: The Pentateuch Kenton L. Sparks, 2019-11-26 In The Pentateuch: An Annotated Bibliography, Old Testament scholar Kenton L. Sparks provides expert guidance through more than seven hundred of the most significant books, articles, and essays on the Pentateuch. His annotations describe the basic argument of the work, and brief section introductions provide necessary orientation. The result is more than just a list of books to read. This carefully chosen and wisely annotated list provides an introduction to and a survey of scholarly study of the Pentateuch. |
| scapegoat ritual: From Scapegoats to Lambs Charles L. Brown Jr., 2021-07-21 Unlike so many murders of unarmed black and brown bodies by police officers, the viral video recording of George Floyd’s modern-day lynching set into motion a Kairos moment in time, the impact of which is still being felt over a year later. How/Why did God usher in this season of transformation now? Can God’s Word teach us how to reverse engineer communal violent scapegoating? What role can each of us play to eradicate police brutality? From Scapegoats to Lambs: How God’s Word Speaks to George Floyd’s Murder audaciously confronts these issues stemming from Charles L. Brown Jr.’s unflinching belief that God’s Word is uniquely qualified to preach to and through the legacy of the suffering of black and brown bodies, and that the Lord has a way of humbling the powerful and empowering the humiliated. In adopting what he calls “hood hermeneutics,” Brown joins the ranks of a growing number of unapologetic, black, Christian intellectuals unashamedly challenging the Church to mine the text with ferocious passion until it speaks compellingly to the struggle of those violently scapegoated. |
| scapegoat ritual: NKJV, Chronological Study Bible Thomas Nelson, 2008-10-14 The Bible that allows you to study Scripture in the order of events as they happened The Chronological Study Bible presents the text of the New King James Version in chronological order - the order in which the events actually happened - with notes, articles, and full-color graphics that connect the reader to the history and culture of Bible times. It is the only NKJV study Bible arranged in chronological order. Features include: The entire NKJV text with translators’ notes, arranged in chronological order, provides absorbing and effective Bible study Full-color illustrations of places, artifacts, and cultural phenomena give the reader a dramatic, “you are there” experience Fascinating articles connect the Bible text to world history and culture Daily Life Notes explain how people lived in Bible times Time Panels and Charts show the flow of Bible history In-text and full-page color maps of the biblical world assist study Part of the Signature Series line of Thomas Nelson Bibles Chronological Study Bibles sold to date: More than 400,000 The New King James Version® - More than 60 million copies sold |
| scapegoat ritual: Saved from Sacrifice Mark S. Heim, 2006-08-10 The cross has long been not only a scandal but also a profound paradox: filled with saving significance and power, it is at the same time a sobering tragedy. In Saved from Sacrifice theologian Mark Heim takes on this paradox, asserting that the cross must be understood against the whole history of human scapegoating violence. In order to highlight the dimensions of his argument, Heim carefully and critically draws on the groundbreaking work of French theorist and biblical scholar René Girard. Yet Heim goes beyond Girard to develop a comprehensive theology of the atonement and the cross through his fresh readings of well-known biblical passages and his exploration of the place of the victim. |
| scapegoat ritual: Sacrifice in Religious Experience Albert I. Baumgartner, 2018-09-24 This book presents revised papers delivered at the 1998 and 1999 Taubes Minerva Center for Religious Anthropology conferences. The papers from the 1998 conference discuss the role of sacrifice in religious experience from a comparative perspective. Those from the second conference examine alternatives to sacrifice. The first theme has been much elaborated in recent scholarship, and the essays here participate in that on-going inquiry. The second theme has been less explored, and the goal of this volume is to stimulate examination of the topic by offering a set of test cases. In both sections of the volume a wide variety of religious traditions are considered. The essays show that in spite of the inclination we may sometimes have to consider sacrifice part of the idolatrous past, long overcome, it remains a persistent and meaningful part of religious experience. |
| scapegoat ritual: Flesh Becomes Word David Dawson, 2013 Since its coinage in a sixteenth-century translation of Leviticus, the term scapegoat has become widely used. A groundbreaking search for the origins of this expression, Flesh Becomes Word traces the scapegoat to its origins in Mesopotamian ritual across centuries of typological interpretation and religious reflection, to its first informal uses in the pornographic and plague literature of the 1600s, and finally into the modern era. |
| scapegoat ritual: Ancient Religions Sarah Iles JOHNSTON, 2009-06-30 Religious beliefs and practices, which permeated all aspects of life in antiquity, traveled well-worn routes throughout the Mediterranean: itinerant charismatic practitioners peddled their skills as healers, purifiers, cursers, and initiators; and vessels decorated with illustrations of myths traveled with them. This collection of essays, drawn from the groundbreaking reference work Religion in the Ancient World, offers an expansive, comparative perspective on this complex spiritual world. |
| scapegoat ritual: Reconstructing Fame David C. Ogden, Joel Nathan Rosen, 2011-05-31 With contributions by Prosper Godonoo, Urla Hill, C. Richard King, David J. Leonard, Jack Lule, Murry Nelson, David C. Ogden, Robert W. Reising, and Joel Nathan Rosen Reconstructing Fame: Sport, Race, and Evolving Reputations includes essays on Jackie Robinson, Roberto Clemente, Curt Flood, Paul Robeson, Jim Thorpe, Bill Russell, Tommie Smith, and John Carlos. The essayists in this volume write about twentieth-century athletes whose careers were affected by racism and whose post-career reputations have improved as society's understanding of race changed. Contributors attempt to clarify the stories of these sports stars and their places as twentieth-century icons by analyzing the various myths that surround them. When media, fans, sports leagues, and the athletes themselves commemorate sports legends, shifts in popular perceptions often serve to obscure an athlete's role in history. Such revisions can lack coherence and trivialize the efforts of some legendary competitors and those associated with them. Adding racial tensions to this process further complicates the task of preserving the valuable achievements of key players. |
| scapegoat ritual: The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Religion Esther Eidinow, Julia Kindt, 2015 This handbook offers both students and teachers of ancient Greek religion a comprehensive overview of the current state of scholarship in the subject, from the Archaic to the Hellenistic periods. It not only presents key information, but also explores the ways in which such information is gathered and the different approaches that have shaped the area. In doing so, the volume provides a crucial research and orientation tool for students of the ancient world, and also makes a vital contribution to the key debates surrounding the conceptualization of ancient Greek religion. The handbook's initial chapters lay out the key dimensions of ancient Greek religion, approaches to evidence, and the representations of myths. The following chapters discuss the continuities and differences between religious practices in different cultures, including Egypt, the Near East, the Black Sea, and Bactria and India. The range of contributions emphasizes the diversity of relationships between mortals and the supernatural - in all their manifestations, across, between, and beyond ancient Greek cultures - and draws attention to religious activities as dynamic, highlighting how they changed over time, place, and context. |
| scapegoat ritual: Studies on Astral Magic in Medieval Jewish Thought Dov Schwartz, 2021-11-29 The book describes a fascinating encounter between astrology and magic, exposing how Hermetic magic seeped into Jewish literature and Jewish philosophy. Following astral magic in its convoluted course, this original work sheds new light on rationalist Jewish thought in the Middle Ages. Having attained its authority mostly from its use in medical practice, astral magic also developed a theology and provided a key to biblical interpretation. Judah Halevi, Nahmanides, and others explained the meaning and influence of the commandments according to magic-astral models and techniques, generating a new perspective within medieval Jewish philosophy. The book is intended for scholars of philosophy, Jewish thought, astrology and magic, as well as for the general public with an interest in these areas. |
| scapegoat ritual: The Revealing Image Joy Schaverien, 2021-11-18 Schaverien painstakingly describes and defines processes which have so far only been intuitively known to art therapists (p6) by introducing and elaborating the psychoanalytical concepts of transference and countertransference in relation to the use of visual art objects. The authors stated intention in this book is to attempt to bridge the perceived gap between the practice of art therapy and analytical forms of psychotherapy...(p 229) The epistemological base of this venture includes the fields of philosophy, anthropology, and aesthetics, as well as psychoanalysis. Schaverien suggests that analytical art psychotherapy is a way of working analytically with patients who are unsuitable, or unready, for psychotherapy, giving examples of psychotic and borderline patients, children, and patients in psychiatric settings. This is primarily a book about an analytical approach within art therapy, which may be of interest in itself. The material also raises issues of interest to analysts and psychotherapists, whether or not they work with art in the clinical setting. The book clarifies areas of similarity between the disciplines, and also makes areas of difference apparent. For example, most analysts would agree that visual art, like dream material, and other non-verbal representations of the inner world, can at times articulate and communicate meanings which for one reason or another cannot be verbally articulated at the time, and that this can be pertinent to the aim of analysis. However, I think few analysts would include facilities in their consulting rooms for the kind of art processes described in the book. When the analyst is working with materials in this form, the book will be extremely helpful in sorting out the complexity of the transference situation and the role of interpretation. The book is so strongly grounded in experiences emerging in the presence of actual art processes and objects that I think it will be of most interest to those who are interested in the specific clinical issues involved in relating to the making and use of actual art objects within the setting. Schaverien not only describes the processes involved in detail, but also presents technical approaches to the making and handling of art objects within the setting which will inform the capacity of those who are not trained as art therapists to relate to this kind of material in the consulting room.' |
| scapegoat ritual: Sacrifice in the Bible Roger T. Beckwith, Martin J. Selman, 2004-04-20 The study of the theme of sacrifice is seen by many as peripheral, not to say superfluous, to the theological task. The papers in this volume, however, given by members of the Biblical Theology study group of Tyndale Fellowship for Biblical and Theological Research, bear witness to the centrality of the idea and practice of sacrifice in biblical religion. Contributions cover the whole spectrum of the biblical treatment of the subject, as well as survey its contemporary cultural and religious contexts, whether Babylonian and Canaanite or Graeco-Roman and Jewish. The underlying goal of 'Sacrifice in the Bible' is to ascertain how far the developed idea of sacrifice, both as the pattern of human life and as the way of divine salvation in Christ, is implicit in the ceremonial practice from which it arose. |
| scapegoat ritual: Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible and the Ancient Near East Jan Bremmer, 2008-04-30 In the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the relationship between Greek religion & culture and the Ancient Near East. This challenging book contributes greatly to this interest by studying the Near Eastern background of important Greek myths, such as those of the creation of the world and the first woman, the Flood, the Golden Fleece, the Titans and travelling seers, but also of the births of Attis and Asclepius as well as the origins of the terms ‘paradise’ and ‘magic’. It also shows that, in turn, Greek literature influenced Jewish stories of divine epiphanies and that the Greek scapegoat myths and rituals contributed to the central Christian notion of atonement. |
| scapegoat ritual: Cratinus and the Art of Comedy Emmanuela Bakola, 2010 A thorough study of Cratinus, a highly influential fifth-century Athenian dramatist whose work survives in fragments today. As well as providing insight into Cratinus himself, the book enriches our understanding of ancient Greek comedy in a dynamic evolving environment. |
| scapegoat ritual: Zondervan Handbook of Biblical Archaeology J. Randall Price, H. Wayne House, 2017-11-28 Explore significant archaeological discoveries pertaining to every book of the Bible. Laypersons, pastors, students, academics, and anyone looking for a current and comprehensive biblical archaeology resource need look no further. The Zondervan Handbook of Biblical Archaeology provides a wealth of information that supplements the historical context of the Bible, providing a window into the past that will enhance your understanding and enjoyment of biblical text. Immerse yourself in the world of the Bible and the intertestamental period with these special features: Introduction to the field of archaeology Archaeological discoveries in canonical order The latest photos and information from new discoveries Aerial photos of excavation sites Photos of artifacts and historic structures Sidebars and study helps Robust glossary Detailed maps Bibliography The Zondervan Handbook of Biblical Archaeology gives readers the opportunity to visit ancient sites and historical places while remaining in the comfort of their own home. |
| scapegoat ritual: The Formal Education of the Author of Luke-Acts Steve Reece, 2022-06-16 Steve Reece proposes that the author of Luke-Acts was trained as a youth in the primary and secondary Greek educational curriculum typical of the Eastern Mediterranean during the Roman Imperial period, where he gained familiarity with the Classical and Hellenistic authors whose works were the focus of study. He makes a case for Luke's knowledge of these authors internally by spotlighting the density of allusions to them in the narrative of Luke-Acts, and externally by illustrating from contemporary literary, papyrological, and artistic evidence that the works of these authors were indeed widely known in the Eastern Mediterranean at the time of the composition of Luke-Acts, not only in the schools but also among the general public. Reece begins with a thorough examination of the Greek educational system during the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial periods, emphasizing that the educational curriculum was very homogeneous, at least at the primary and secondary levels, and that children growing up anywhere in the Eastern Mediterranean could expect to receive quite similar educations. His close examination of the Greek text of Luke-Acts has turned up echoes, allusions, and quotations of several of the very authors that were most prominently featured in the school curriculum: Homer, Aesop, Euripides, Plato, and Aratus. This reinforces the view that Luke, along with other writers of the New Testament, lived in a cultural milieu that was influenced by Classical and Hellenistic Greek literature and that he was not averse to invoking that literature when it served his theological and literary purposes. |
| scapegoat ritual: Demons of Change Andrei A. Orlov, 2020-12-01 Antagonistic imagery has a striking presence in apocalyptic writings of Second Temple Judaism and early Christianity. In these visionary accounts, the role of the divine warrior fighting against demonic forces is often taken by a human adept, who becomes exalted and glorified as a result of his encounter with otherworldly antagonists, serving as a prerequisite for his final apotheosis. Demons of Change examines the meaning of these interactions for the transformations of the hero and antihero of early Jewish and Christian apocalyptic accounts. Andrei A. Orlov traces the roots of this trope to ancient Near Eastern traditions, paying special attention to the significance of conflict in the adept's ascent and apotheosis and to the formative value of these developments for Jewish and Christian martyrological accounts. This antagonistic tension plays a critical role both for the exaltation of the protagonist and for the demotion of his opponent. Orlov treats the motif of the hero's apotheosis in the midst of conflict in its full historical and interpretive complexity using a broad variety of Jewish sources, from the creational narratives of the Hebrew Bible to later Jewish mystical testimonies. |
| scapegoat ritual: Writing a Commentary on Leviticus Christian A. Eberhart, Thomas Hieke, 2019-04-15 Writing a commentary on a biblical book is not limited to the scholar's study and desk. Hence, several experts in the field of Hebrew Bible currently writing a larger commentary on the book of Leviticus followed the invitation of Christian Eberhart and Thomas Hieke to meet between 2014 and 2016 at the Annual SBL Conference. They shared their experiences, discussed hermeneutical and methodological considerations, and presented their ideas about particular themes and issues in the third book of the Torah. The results of these consultative panels had significant impact on the production of the commentaries. The first part of this volume features essays reflecting on the process of writing a Leviticus commentary, including boosts and obstacles, while suggesting innovative insights on particular problems of the book. The second part identifies certain themes of Leviticus, especially sacrifices and rituals (the cult), the notion of unintentional and deliberate sins and purity/impurity (the bad) and how to eliminate them, and the relationship to the sphere of God (the holy). This section demonstrates how commenting a biblical book highly depends on the perspective a scholar takes, and how different commentaries on the same biblical text come to different conclusions because of a diversity of methodological and hermeneutical approaches. These are issues innate in the subject matter; in the end the variety of approaches bears witness to the complexity, intricacy, and richness of the biblical text. This volume, therefore, offers a fascinating inside view into the studies and onto the desks of several prolific biblical experts who share their reflections and concepts about their commentaries on Leviticus with an interested audience. |
Scapegoat - Wikipedia
The scapegoat was a goat that was designated (Hebrew: לַעֲזָאזֵֽל) la-'aza'zeyl; "for absolute removal" (for symbolic removal of the people's sins with the literal removal of the goat), and …
SCAPEGOAT Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of SCAPEGOAT is a goat upon whose head are symbolically placed the sins of the people after which he is sent into the wilderness in the biblical ceremony for Yom Kippur. How …
The Psychology of Scapegoating
Jun 22, 2024 · A scapegoat usually implies a person or group, but the mechanism of scapegoating can also apply to non-human entities, whether objects, animals, or demons.
SCAPEGOAT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
SCAPEGOAT definition: 1. a person who is blamed for something that someone else has done: 2. a person who is blamed for…. Learn more.
Scapegoat | Meaning, Significance, Bible, & Examples | Britannica
Scapegoat, in the Yom Kippur ritual described in Leviticus, goat ritually burdened with the sins of the Jewish people. It was sent into the wilderness for Azazel, an evil spirit, while another was …
Definition of Scapegoat, Scapegoating, and Scapegoat Theory
Oct 10, 2023 · Scapegoating is the act of blaming an out-group when the frustration of the in-group experience is blocked from obtaining a goal (Allport, 1954). Scapegoating is a way to …
Topical Bible: The Scapegoat
The term "scapegoat" originates from the Hebrew word "Azazel," which appears in the Old Testament, specifically in the book of Leviticus. The concept is central to the Day of …
SCAPEGOAT definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
To scapegoat someone means to blame them publicly for something bad that has happened, even though it was not their fault.
Scapegoat - Meaning & Origin Of The Phrase - Phrasefinder
A scapegoat is like a whipping boy, that is, one who is unfairly given the blame, and in the latter’s case also the punishment, for a misdemeanour. It’s a strange word though – why ‘scapegoat’? …
Scapegoat - definition of scapegoat by The Free Dictionary
Define scapegoat. scapegoat synonyms, scapegoat pronunciation, scapegoat translation, English dictionary definition of scapegoat. n. 1. One that is made to bear the blame of others. 2. Bible A …
Scapegoat - Wikipedia
The scapegoat was a goat that was designated (Hebrew: לַעֲזָאזֵֽל) la-'aza'zeyl; "for absolute removal" (for symbolic removal of the people's sins with the literal removal of the goat), and …
SCAPEGOAT Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of SCAPEGOAT is a goat upon whose head are symbolically placed the sins of the people after which he is sent into the wilderness in the biblical ceremony for Yom Kippur. How …
The Psychology of Scapegoating
Jun 22, 2024 · A scapegoat usually implies a person or group, but the mechanism of scapegoating can also apply to non-human entities, whether objects, animals, or demons.
SCAPEGOAT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
SCAPEGOAT definition: 1. a person who is blamed for something that someone else has done: 2. a person who is blamed for…. Learn more.
Scapegoat | Meaning, Significance, Bible, & Examples | Britannica
Scapegoat, in the Yom Kippur ritual described in Leviticus, goat ritually burdened with the sins of the Jewish people. It was sent into the wilderness for Azazel, an evil spirit, while another was …
Definition of Scapegoat, Scapegoating, and Scapegoat Theory
Oct 10, 2023 · Scapegoating is the act of blaming an out-group when the frustration of the in-group experience is blocked from obtaining a goal (Allport, 1954). Scapegoating is a way to …
Topical Bible: The Scapegoat
The term "scapegoat" originates from the Hebrew word "Azazel," which appears in the Old Testament, specifically in the book of Leviticus. The concept is central to the Day of …
SCAPEGOAT definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
To scapegoat someone means to blame them publicly for something bad that has happened, even though it was not their fault.
Scapegoat - Meaning & Origin Of The Phrase - Phrasefinder
A scapegoat is like a whipping boy, that is, one who is unfairly given the blame, and in the latter’s case also the punishment, for a misdemeanour. It’s a strange word though – why ‘scapegoat’? …
Scapegoat - definition of scapegoat by The Free Dictionary
Define scapegoat. scapegoat synonyms, scapegoat pronunciation, scapegoat translation, English dictionary definition of scapegoat. n. 1. One that is made to bear the blame of others. 2. Bible A …
