Advertisement
| richard elliott friedman: Who Wrote the Bible? Richard Friedman, 2019-01-15 A much anticipated reissue of Who Wrote the Bible?—the contemporary classic the New York Times Book Review called “a thought-provoking [and] perceptive guide” that identifies the individual writers of the Pentateuch and explains what they can teach us about the origins of the Bible. For thousands of years, the prophet Moses was regarded as the sole author of the first five books of the Bible, known as the Pentateuch. According to tradition, Moses was divinely directed to write down foundational events in the history of the world: the creation of humans, the worldwide flood, the laws as they were handed down at Mt. Sinai, and the cycle of Israel’s enslavement and liberation from Egypt. However, these stories—and their frequent discrepancies—provoke questions: why does the first chapter in Genesis say that man and woman were made in God’s image, while the second says that woman was made from man’s rib? Why does one account of the flood say it lasted forty days, while another records no less than one hundred? And why do some stories reflect the history of southern Judah, while others seem sourced from northern Israel? Originally published in 1987, Richard Friedman’s Who Wrote the Bible? joins a host of modern scholars who show that the Pentateuch was written by at least four distinct voices—separated by borders, political alliances, and particular moments in history—then connected by brilliant editors. Rather than cast doubt onto the legitimacy of the Bible, Friedman uses these divergent accounts to illuminate a text that was written by real people. Friedman’s seminal and bestselling text is a comprehensive and authoritative answer to the question: just who exactly wrote the Bible? |
| richard elliott friedman: The Bible with Sources Revealed Richard Elliott Friedman, 2009-06-02 This groundbreaking volume of the Five Books of Moses shows and explains how the source texts were compiled: “A fundamental resource” (Peter Machinist, Harvard University). For centuries, biblical scholars have worked on discovering how the Bible came to be. The consensus among a broad range of experts is known as The Documentary Hypothesis: the idea that ancient writers produced documents of poetry, prose, and law over many centuries, which editors then used as sources to fashion the books of the Bible that people have read for the last two thousand years. In The Bible with Sources Revealed, eminent scholar Richard Elliott Friedman offers a new, visual presentation of the Five Books of Moses—Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy—unlocking the complex and fascinating tapestry of their origins. Different colors and type styles allow readers to easily identify each of the distinct sources, showcasing Friedman's highly acclaimed and dynamic translation. This unique Bible provides a new means to explore the riches of scripture by: •Making it possible to read the source texts individually, to see their artistry, their views of God, Israel, and humankind, and their connection to their moment in history •Presenting the largest collection of evidence ever assembled for establishing and explaining the Documentary Hypothesis •Showing visually how the Bible was formed out of these sources •Helping readers appreciate that the Bible is a rich, complex, beautiful work as a result of the extraordinary way in which it was created. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Exodus Richard Elliott Friedman, 2017-09-12 The Exodus has become a core tradition of Western civilization. Millions read it, retell it, and celebrate it. But did it happen? Biblical scholars, Egyptologists, archaeologists, historians, literary scholars, anthropologists, and filmmakers are drawn to it. Unable to find physical evidence until now, many archaeologists and scholars claim this mass migration is just a story, not history. Others oppose this conclusion, defending the biblical account. Like a detective on an intricate case no one has yet solved, pioneering Bible scholar and bestselling author of Who Wrote the Bible? Richard Elliott Friedman cuts through the noise — the serious studies and the wild theories — merging new findings with new insight. From a spectrum of disciplines, state-of-the-art archeological breakthroughs, and fresh discoveries within scripture, he brings real evidence of a historical basis for the exodus — the history behind the story. The biblical account of millions fleeing Egypt may be an exaggeration, but the exodus itself is not a myth. Friedman does not stop there. Known for his ability to make Bible scholarship accessible to readers, Friedman proceeds to reveal how much is at stake when we explore the historicity of the exodus. The implications, he writes, are monumental. We learn that it became the starting-point of the formation of monotheism, the defining concept of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Moreover, we learn that it precipitated the foundational ethic of loving one’s neighbors — including strangers — as oneself. He concludes, the actual exodus was the cradle of global values of compassion and equal rights today. |
| richard elliott friedman: Commentary on the Torah Richard Elliott Friedman, 2012-09-18 In this groundbreaking and insightful new commentary, one of the world's leading biblical scholars unveils the unity and continuity of the Torah for the modern reader. Richard Elliott Friedman, the bestselling author of Who Wrote the Bible?, integrates the most recent discoveries in biblical archaeology and research with the fruits of years of experience studying and teaching the Bible to illuminate the straightforward meaning of the text -- to shed new light on the Torah and, more important, to open windows through which it sheds its light on us. While other commentaries are generally collections of comments by a number of scholars, this is a unified commentary on the Torah by a single scholar, the most unified by a Jewish scholar in centuries. It includes the original Hebrew text, a new translation, and an authoritative, accessibly written interpretation and analysis of each passage that remains focused on the meaning of the Torah as a whole, showing how its separate books are united into one cohesive, all-encompassing sacred literary masterpiece. This landmark work is destined to take its place as a classic in the libraries of lay readers and scholars alike, as we seek to understand the significance of the scriptural texts for our lives today, and for years to come. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Bible Now Richard Elliott Friedman, Shawna Dolansky, 2011-10-01 For millennia, people have used the Bible as a touchstone on important social and political questions, and rightly so. But many use the Bible simply as a weapon to wield against opponents in a variety of debates--without knowing what the Bible actually says about the issue in question. In The Bible Now, two respected biblical scholars, Richard Elliott Friedman and Shawna Dolansky, tell us carefully what the Hebrew Bible says or does not say about a wide range of issues--including homosexuality, abortion, women's status, capital punishment, and the environment. In fascinating passages that shed new light on some of today's most passionate disputes, the authors reveal how the Bible is frequently misunderstood, misquoted, mistranslated, and misused. For instance, those who quote the Bible in condemning homosexuality often cite the story of Sodom, and those who favor homosexuality point to David's lament over the death of Jonathan. But as the authors show, neither passage is clearly about homosexuality, and these texts do not offer solid footing on which to make an argument. Readers learn that female homosexuality is not prohibited--only male homosexuality. And on the subject of abortion, the Bible is practically silent, with one extraordinary exception. The Bible has inspired people to do great good but has also been used by people to do great harm, so it is vitally important for us to pay attention to it--and to get it right. The Bible Now shows us how we can--and cannot--use this ancient source of wisdom to address our most current and pressing issues. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Hidden Face of God Richard Friedman, 1997 |
| richard elliott friedman: The Creation of Sacred Literature Richard Elliott Friedman, 1981-01-01 |
| richard elliott friedman: Le-David Maskil Richard Elliott Friedman, William Henry Propp, 2004 For the past half-century, David Noel Freedman has had an enormous impact on the study of the Bible, both as an author and as an editor of the writings of others. As his colleagues note in their comments at the beginning of this volume, You are quintessentially the man of the book. And perhaps what impresses us most is that your bibliography of hundreds of books is not limited to the extraordinary number of important books that you've written yourself. It also contains the books that you've edited for others. And we know what it means to have David Noel Freedman as one's editor. For every page of manuscript that the author sends you, you send back almost an equal number of pages of advice, criticism, corrections, and improvements. You can make a bad book good, and a good book better. And you can make its author a better scholar and a better writer. In this volume, his compatriots at the University of California, San Diego, contribute eight varied essays in celebration of his impact on them and in honor of his varied contributions to biblical studies. |
| richard elliott friedman: Sacred History, Sacred Literature Shawna Dolansky, 2008-06-30 Richard Friedman is well known in the field of biblical studies, not only because of his contributions to the study of the Hebrew Bible (which are many) but also because he has written cogently and clearly for a much wider audience, outside the academy, most notably in his Who Wrote the Bible? (1997). In addition, his influence has crossed the boundaries of a variety of disciplines such as source criticism, archaeology, the ancient Near East, as well as religious studies. The essays in this volume reflect the breadth and depth of Richard Friedman’s life and work. Several contributors discuss topics related to the Hebrew Bible: for example, Jacob Milgrom examines the relationship between Ezekiel and the Levites and Carol Meyers discusses the Tabernacle texts in the context of Priestly influence on them; Ronald Hendel, Michael Homan, and Robert Wilson explore the history of source criticism, with detailed source-critical analysis of Genesis 1–11 and the book of Kings. Jeffrey Geoghegan discusses the origins of the Passover in one of several insightful essays under the topic “Israel and the Ancient Near East.” Among the contributions specific to archaeology, Baruch Halpern’s provides a provocative “Defense of Forgery.” Lastly, four contributors (e.g., Alan Cooper) discuss religion and religious studies, along with ramifications for contemporary application. A fine collection of contemporary topics discussed by leading scholars in the field. |
| richard elliott friedman: Who Really Wrote the Bible? Clayton Howard Ford, 2010-02 For many years now, a debate has raged among literary scholars as to who wrote the Pentateuch, The first five books of the Bible. Within that debate, two sides with irreconcilably different viewpoints have battled For The truth. The result of this discourse will be far-reaching, threatening the foundations of the world's three greatest religions. For Christianity, if Moses did not write the Pentateuch, then Jesus was misled, And The faith of many are in jeopardy. If several editors wrote and put together those books at different times as Dr. Richard Elliott Friedman argues in his book, Who Wrote the Bible (1987), then it is possible that Abraham was a fictional character And The faiths of Judaism and Islam have a fictional origin. In Who Really Wrote the Bible, author Clayton Ford sifts through the logical and literary fallacies put forth as evidence by those who would condemn the Pentateuch's authenticity. By following through the dissenters' reasoning, with copious references to their own material, he brings light to how these scholars have tied themselves up in the knots of their own criticism. Where Moses's detractors see inconsistency and evidence for multiple authors, Ford finds examples of elaborate harmony, consistency, and intricate storytelling. Where they find dramatically different styles, Ford shows an educated, single author with an ability to alter formats, As evidenced in other examples from antiquity. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Great Shift James L. Kugel, 2017-09-12 The renowned author of How to Read the Biblereveals how a pivotal transformation in spiritual experience during the biblical era made us who we are today. A great mystery lies at the heart of the Bible. Early on, people seem to live in a world entirely foreign to our own. God appears to Abraham and Sarah, Jacob and others; God buttonholes Moses and Isaiah and Jeremiah and tells them what to say. Then comes the Great Shift, and Israelites stop seeing God or hearing the divine voice. Instead, later Israelites are “in search of God,” reaching out to a distant, omniscient deity in prayers, as people have done ever since. What brought about this change? The answers come from ancient texts, archaeology and anthropology, and even modern neuroscience. They concern the origins of the modern sense of self and the birth of a worldview that has been ours ever since. James Kugel, whose strong religious faith shines through his scientific reckoning with the Bible and the ancient world, has written a masterwork that will be of interest to believers and nonbelievers alike, a profound meditation on encountering God, then and now. “Fascinating.”—The New York Times Book Review “Biblical exegesis at its best: a brilliant and sensitive reading of ancient texts, all with an eye to making them meaningful to our time by making sense of what they meant in their own.”—Kirkus Reviews(starred review) “A magnificent job of bringing important ideas from the academy to a broad readership . . . Kugel gives readers a sense of history’s convoluted texture, its ironies, and thus its beauty.”—The Jewish Review of Books |
| richard elliott friedman: In the Footsteps of Jesus Jean-Pierre Isbouts, 2012 Featuring the latest archaeological and historical discoveries, this guide illustrates the people and events that shaped the life of Jesus, from his birth in Bethlehem to his death in Jerusalem. |
| richard elliott friedman: A Laymans Guide to Who Wrote the Books of the Bible? C. Jack Trickler, 2003 Bible as used in the title of this book refers to the Bibles used by mainstream American Jews, Roman Catholics and Protestants. This book deals with the books of the Bible, from Genesis to Revelation, including those of the Apocrypha.This is a study of the people who wrote the books of the Bible and of the historical, political and social settings in which they wrote and of the factors that caused the authors to write. The search for the authors and what motivated them to write takes the readers into the origins of the stories that make up a large part of the Bible.While many popular and scholarly books have been written about the authorship of specific books of the Bible, this is the only book that deals with all of the books of the Bbile is a single, concise volume. It is in laymen's language with footnotes suggesting where readers can find further information for expanded study.Where scholars have offered differing views of biblical matters that affect the determination of authorship, this book presents the various views - in laymen's language. Read, learn and enjoy! |
| richard elliott friedman: The First Historians Baruch Halpern, 2010-11-01 |
| richard elliott friedman: The Torah Seymour Rossel, 2007 An interactive study of the Five Books of Moses. The book can be read from cover to cover or used to study each portion of the Torah as read weekly in the synagogue. Simple enough for teenagers, it is sophisticated enough for adults and rich in resources for preparing lectures, sermons, and talks. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Meaning of the Bible Douglas A. Knight, Amy-Jill Levine, 2011-11-08 “Both enlightening and inspiring . . . a helpful resource for both Jews and Christians, conservatives and liberals, religious leaders and social reformers.” —Peter J. Paris, the Elmer G. Homrighausen Professor of Christian Social Ethics, emeritus, Princeton Theological Seminary In The Meaning of the Bible: What the Jewish Scriptures and Christian Old Testament Can Teach Us, preeminent biblical scholars Douglas A. Knight and Amy-Jill Levine deliver a broad and engaging introduction to the Old Testament—also known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible—offering a wealth of compelling historical background and context for the sacred literature that is at the heart of Judaism and Christianity. John Shelby Spong, author of Why Christianity Must Change or Die writes, “Levine and Knight have combined to write a book on the Bible that is as academically brilliant as it is marvelously entertaining. By placing our scriptures into their original Jewish context they have opened up startling and profound new insights. This is a terrific book.” “A winsome, accessible introduction to the theological thought of the Hebrew Bible. This sort of irenic, thoughtful linkage of criticism and interpretation within a confessing tradition is exactly what we most need in Scripture reading.” —Walter Brueggemann, Professor Emeritus, Columbia Theological Seminary “From its superb introduction to its perfectly worded conclusion, this book does it all. Whether your interest in the Bible is historical or literary, specific texts or broad themes, this book has it—and conveys its relevance for today.” —Richard Elliott Friedman, author of Commentary on the Torah “More than random facts about the Hebrew Bible . . . more than a historical overview . . . they are aiming for true understanding of the life, culture, and practices of the ancient Israelites.” —Booklist |
| richard elliott friedman: The Bible Unearthed Israel Finkelstein, Neil Asher Silberman, 2002-06-11 In this groundbreaking work that sets apart fact and legend, authors Finkelstein and Silberman use significant archeological discoveries to provide historical information about biblical Israel and its neighbors. In this iconoclastic and provocative work, leading scholars Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman draw on recent archaeological research to present a dramatically revised portrait of ancient Israel and its neighbors. They argue that crucial evidence (or a telling lack of evidence) at digs in Israel, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon suggests that many of the most famous stories in the Bible—the wanderings of the patriarchs, the Exodus from Egypt, Joshua’s conquest of Canaan, and David and Solomon’s vast empire—reflect the world of the later authors rather than actual historical facts. Challenging the fundamentalist readings of the scriptures and marshaling the latest archaeological evidence to support its new vision of ancient Israel, The Bible Unearthed offers a fascinating and controversial perspective on when and why the Bible was written and why it possesses such great spiritual and emotional power today. |
| richard elliott friedman: No Thanks, I'm Just Looking Harry J. Friedman, 2011-11-29 Secrets of the trade from the master of retail selling and sales training No Thanks, I'm Just Looking gives anyone the inside scoop on how to skyrocket their selling career with a system of easy-to-learn practical money-making steps. By saving countless hours of trial-and-error experience, readers will be able to focus on the things that really work. Considered to be retail guru Harry J. Friedman's personal collection of proven selling techniques, No Thanks, I'm Just Looking includes all the tips and humorous anecdotes that have made him retail's most sought-after consultant. No Thanks, I'm Just Looking delivers the tricks of the trade from an international retail authority. Author is the most heavily attended speaker on retail selling and operational management in the world These groundbreaking high-performance training systems have been used by more than 500,000 retailers, from small independents to the likes of Neiman Marcus, Cartier, Billabong, La-Z-Boy and Godiva, to routinely deliver more sales Friedman created the number one retail sales and management system used by more retailers than any other system of its kind in the world Get proven techniques that will increase sales and elevate your staff to a high-performance sales team. |
| richard elliott friedman: Beyond the Texts William G. Dever, 2020-11-16 A handbook for biblical scholars and historians of the Ancient Near East William G. Dever offers a welcome perspective on ancient Israel and Judah that prioritizes the archaeological remains to render history as it was—not as the biblical writers argue it should have been. Drawing from the most recent archaeological data as interpreted from a nontheological point of view and supplementing that data with biblical material only when it converges with the archaeological record, Dever analyzes all the evidence at hand to provide a new history of ancient Israel and Judah that is accessible to all interested readers. Features A new approach to the history of ancient Israel Extensive bibliography More than eighty maps and illustrations |
| richard elliott friedman: Essential Torah George Robinson, 2006-10-31 Whether you are studying the Bible for the first time or you're simply curious about its history and contents, you will find everything you need in this accessible, well-written handbook to Jewish belief as set forth in the Torah (The Jerusalem Post). George Robinson, author of the acclaimed Essential Judaism, begins by recounting the various theories of the origins of the Torah and goes on to explain its importance as the core element in Jewish belief and practice. He discusses the basics of Jewish theology and Jewish history as they are derived from the Torah, and he outlines how the Dead Sea Scrolls and other archaeological discoveries have enhanced our understanding of the Bible. He introduces us to the vast literature of biblical commentary, chronicles the evolution of the Torah’s place in the synagogue service, offers an illuminating discussion of women and the Bible, and provides a study guide as a companion for individual or group Bible study. In the book’s centerpiece, Robinson summarizes all fifty-four portions that make up the Torah and gives us a brilliant distillation of two thousand years of biblical commentaries—from the rabbis of the Mishnah and the Talmud to medieval commentators such as Rashi, Maimonides, and ibn Ezra to contemporary scholars such as Nahum Sarna, Nechama Leibowitz, Robert Alter, and Everett Fox. This extraordinary volume—which includes a listing of the Torah reading cycles, a Bible time line, glossaries of terms and biblical commentators, and a bibliography—will stand as the essential sourcebook on the Torah for years to come. |
| richard elliott friedman: Genesis and the Moses Story Konrad Schmid, 2010 Konrad Schmid is a Swiss biblical scholar who belongs to a larger group of Continental researchers proposing new directions in the study of the Pentateuch. In this volume, a translation of his Erzväter und Exodus, Schmid argues that the ancestor tradition in Genesis and the Moses story in Exodus were two competing traditions of Israel's origins and were not combined until the time of the Priestly Code--that is, the early Persian period. Schmid interacts with the long tradition of European scholarship on the Hebrew Bible but departs from some of the main tenets of the Documentary Hypothesis: he argues that the pre-Priestly material in both text blocks is literarily and theologically so divergent that their present linkage is more appropriately interpreted as the result of a secondary redaction than as thematic variation stemming from J's oral prehistory. He dates Genesis-2 Kings to the Persian period and considers it a redactional work that, in its present shape, is a historical introduction to the message of future hope presented in the prophetic corpus of Isaiah-Malachi. Scholars and students alike will be pleased that this translation makes Schmid's important work readily available in English, both for the contributions made by Schmid and the summary of continental interpretation that he presents. In this edition, some passages have been expanded or modified in order to clarify issues or to engage with more-recent scholarship. The notes and bibliography have also been updated. Dr. Schmid is Professor of Old Testament and Early Judaism at the University of Zürich. |
| richard elliott friedman: Israel in the New Testament David Pawson, 2015-04-15 Now including a new chapter: Israel in Galatians'. Over 80% of the promises and prophecies of the Old Testament have been literally fulfilled. It is a simple matter of faith in God's faithfulness to believe that he means what he says, and will do what he says he will do. This study reveals that both the people and the place called 'Israel' have a significant role in God's future plans for world redemption. |
| richard elliott friedman: How to Read the Bible James L. Kugel, 2012-05-01 James Kugel’s essential introduction and companion to the Bible combines modern scholarship with the wisdom of ancient interpreters for the entire Hebrew Bible. As soon as it appeared, How to Read the Bible was recognized as a masterwork, “awesome, thrilling” (The New York Times), “wonderfully interesting, extremely well presented” (The Washington Post), and “a tour de force...a stunning narrative” (Publishers Weekly). Now, this classic remains the clearest, most inviting and readable guide to the Hebrew Bible around—and a profound meditation on the effect that modern biblical scholarship has had on traditional belief. Moving chapter by chapter, Harvard professor James Kugel covers the Bible’s most significant stories—the Creation of the world, Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, Noah and the flood, Abraham and Sarah, Jacob and his wives, Moses and the exodus, David’s mighty kingdom, plus the writings of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and the other prophets, and on to the Babylonian conquest and the eventual return to Zion. Throughout, Kugel contrasts the way modern scholars understand these events with the way Christians and Jews have traditionally understood them. The latter is not, Kugel shows, a naïve reading; rather, it is the product of a school of sophisticated interpreters who flourished toward the end of the biblical period. These highly ideological readers sought to put their own spin on texts that had been around for centuries, utterly transforming them in the process. Their interpretations became what the Bible meant for centuries and centuries—until modern scholarship came along. The question that this book ultimately asks is: What now? As one reviewer wrote, Kugel’s answer provides “a contemporary model of how to read Sacred Scripture amidst the oppositional pulls of modern scholarship and tradition.” |
| richard elliott friedman: Jewish with Feeling Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, 2013-03-29 A how-to for Jewish spirituality that works. A spiritual seeker is a person whose soul is awake. In this book I make no assumptions about how much you know about Judaism, what holidays you keep, or whether you believe in God. I want us to start from your soul’s experience and carry on from there. —from the Introduction “Virtually anyone remotely affiliated with Judaism should read this book, wrote Publishers Weekly, which listed Jewish with Feeling among its Best Religion Books of the Year. Without question the best, most readable introduction to Reb Zalmans philosophy of Judaism, it is also the best beginners guide to Jewish spirituality available today, wrote the Forward, the perfect book for both the spiritual seeker and the curious skeptic. Taking off from basic questions like “Why be Jewish?” and whether the word God still speaks to us today, Reb Zalman lays out a vision for a whole-person Judaism. This is not only Sinai then but Sinai now, a revelation of the Torah inside and all around us. Complete with many practical suggestions to enrich your own Jewish life, Jewish with Feeling is “a mystical masterpiece filled with spiritual practices and an exciting vision of the future” (Spirituality & Health). Spiritual experience, as Reb Zalman shows, repays every effort we make to acquire it. |
| richard elliott friedman: Judaism in Late Antiquity 4. Death, Life-After-Death, Resurrection and The World-to-Come in the Judaisms of Antiquity Alan Avery-Peck, Jacob Neusner, 2015-11-02 Thirteen foremost scholars describe the views of death, life after death, resurrection, and the world-to-come set forth in the literary evidence for late antique Judaism. The volume covers the vie w of Scripture as a whole as against other Israelite writings; distinct parts of Scripture such as Psalms and the Wisdom literature; apocalyptic and the non-apocalyptic pseudepigraphic literature, Philo; Josephus; the Dead Sea Scrolls; earliest Christianity (the Gospels in particular); the Rabbinic sources; the Palestinian Targums to the Pentateuch; and, out of material culture, the inscriptional evidence. The result is both to highlight the range of available perspectives on this important issue and to illuminate a central problem in the study of Judaism in late antiquity, phrased neatly as “One Judaism or many?” Here we place on display indicative components of Judaism in their full diversity, leaving it for readers to determine whether the notion of a single, coherent religion falls under the weight of a mass of documentary contradictions or whether an inner harmony shines forth from a repertoire of largely shared and only superficially-diverse data. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Bible with Sources Revealed Richard Elliott Friedman, 2003-11-25 Friedman is widely acknowledged as one of the world's foremost experts on the Hebrew Bible, and this work is his definitive presentation of the fascinating quilt work that is the Pentateuch. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Making of the Bible Konrad Schmid, Jens Schrter, 2021-10-29 The authoritative new account of the BibleÕs origins, illuminating the 1,600-year tradition that shaped the Christian and Jewish holy books as millions know them today. The Bible as we know it today is best understood as a process, one that begins in the tenth century BCE. In this revelatory account, a world-renowned scholar of Hebrew scripture joins a foremost authority on the New Testament to write a new biography of the Book of Books, reconstructing Jewish and Christian scriptural histories, as well as the underappreciated contest between them, from which the Bible arose. Recent scholarship has overturned popular assumptions about IsraelÕs past, suggesting, for instance, that the five books of the Torah were written not by Moses but during the reign of Josiah centuries later. The sources of the Gospels are also under scrutiny. Konrad Schmid and Jens Schrter reveal the long, transformative journeys of these and other texts en route to inclusion in the holy books. The New Testament, the authors show, did not develop in the wake of an Old Testament set in stone. Rather the two evolved in parallel, in conversation with each other, ensuring a continuing mutual influence of Jewish and Christian traditions. Indeed, Schmid and Schrter argue that Judaism may not have survived had it not been reshaped in competition with early Christianity. A remarkable synthesis of the latest Old and New Testament scholarship, The Making of the Bible is the most comprehensive history yet told of the worldÕs best-known literature, revealing its buried lessons and secrets. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Miracles of Exodus Colin Humphreys, 2004-04-13 The Real Story of the Exodus Colin Humphreys, a world-renowned Cambridge University scientist, reveals for the first time the concrete, scientific truth behind the Exodus miracles. The Burning Bush: Caused by a volcanic vent that opened up under the bush. Crossing the Red Sea: The water was pushed back by a very strong wind blowing all night. This is a known physical phenomenon called wind setdown. The details given in the Bible mean we can pinpoint where the Red Sea crossing occurred. Drowning Pharaoh's Army: When the very strong wind suddenly stopped blowing, the water rushed back in the form of a rapidly returning bore wave, sweeping Pharaoh's army into the sea. Mount Sinai: The real Mount Sinai is in present-day Saudi Arabia, not the Sinai Desert as is generally assumed. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible Martin G. Abegg, Jr., Peter Flint, Eugene Ulrich, 2012-08-07 From the dramatic find in the caves of Qumran, the world's most ancient version of the Bible allows us to read the scriptures as they were in the time of Jesus. |
| richard elliott friedman: They Spoke from God William C. Williams, Stanley M. Horton, 2012 The Spoke From God addresses the writings of the Old Testament in simple language and in a personal style that speaks directly to the reader. It not only provides the student with a basic grasp of relevant passages; it also related the biblical text to historical, thological and ethical questions. Most importantly, it demonstrates how the various portions of the Old Testament fit together with one another, held together by the story of a God at work to redeem his people.--Back cover |
| richard elliott friedman: The Passover Haggadah Vanessa L. Ochs, 2020-03-17 This telling of the life of the Haggadah, probably the most beloved of books that Jews own, chronicles its recalibrations over time. It moves from its early sources in the Bible and rabbinic literature; to the years it was a handwritten manuscript; to its life as an illuminated book in the middle ages; to its emergence as mass-produced printed book and later, as an artist's book; to its iterations in the twentieth century in America and Israel, including those using emerging technologies of our day. It is the story of a liturgical text came about to fulfill a biblical injunction to fathers to tell the story of the Exodus from Egypt to their children (literally, to their sons): And you shall tell your son on that day, 'It is because of what the Lord did for me when I went free from Egypt' (Exodus 13:8). Despite significant flaws in the text that have occasioned thousands of revisions, it remains well and alive because it allows its users to transmit the story of Exodus as if it happened to them. With a Haggadah in hand at a Passover seder meal, the text kindles the memory of belonging to a people who knew slavery and then liberation and enlivens empathy. An engagement with the Haggadah, inevitable leaves one feeling responsible for helping others to achieve their own liberation. |
| richard elliott friedman: The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz Mordecai Richler, 1999-03 From his third generation Jewish immigrant family in Montreal, Duddy learns about life in this unforgettable human comedy. |
| richard elliott friedman: Sinai to Zion Joel Richardson, 2020-07-20 |
| richard elliott friedman: The Hidden Face of God Richard Elliott Friedman, 1997 Friedman examines how God gradually becomes hidden as the Bible progresses, and this phenomenon's place in the formation of Judaism and Christianity. |
| richard elliott friedman: Who Wrote the Gospels? Randel Helms, 1997 Arizona State University professor Dr. Randel Helms presents a historical perspective on the identity of the authors of the Gospels. |
| richard elliott friedman: Reb Zalman Gathers Figs Dana Densmore, 2014-02-07 Dana Densmore brings to light an unpublished and nearly unknown set of teachings of Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, based on his readings of the Torah, the Hebrew Bible. This material, which exists only as voice recordings, is the sole sustained example of Schachter-Shalomi's approach to scriptural interpretation, published or unpublished. Densmore has selected and transcribed portions of this work, explaining the context in which they were presented and providing a commentary that links them into a coherent whole. Extensive notes explain Schachter-Shalomi's frequent references to the Hebrew text and translate his quotations in German, Yiddish, and other languages. What emerges from this study is the profoundly radical way in which, through careful attention to the nuances of the biblical text, Schachter-Shalomi shows how to draw new life and inspiration for our times from ancient texts written in a very different context--Publisher's website. |
| richard elliott friedman: Who Wrote the Bible? Richard Elliott Friedman, 1987 Includes index and bibliography. |
| richard elliott friedman: Hebrew Origins Theophile James Meek, 1950 |
Richard - Wikipedia
Richard Theodore Otcasek (1944–2019), known as Ric Ocasek, frontman for the Cars; Richard Patrick (born 1968), lead singer and guitarist of Filter; Richard Wayne Penniman (1932–2020), …
Meaning, origin and history of the name Richard
Dec 1, 2024 · It was borne by three kings of England including the 12th-century Richard I the Lionheart, one of the leaders of the Third Crusade. During the late Middle Ages this name was …
Richard I | Biography, Achievements, Crusade, Facts, & Death
Richard I, duke of Aquitaine (from 1168) and of Poitiers (from 1172) and king of England, duke of Normandy, and count of Anjou (1189–99). His knightly manner and his prowess in the Third …
How Dick Came to be Short for Richard - Today I Found Out
Apr 28, 2012 · How Dick became a nickname for Richard is known and is one of those “knee bone connected to the thigh bone” type progressions, somewhat similar to how the word ‘soccer’ …
Richard Name Meaning, Origin, History, And Popularity
Aug 26, 2024 · Richard is a popular male name with Germanic roots and royal connections. Read on to learn more about it.
Richard - Baby Name Meaning, Origin, and Popularity
Jun 8, 2025 · Richard is a boy's name of German origin meaning "dominant ruler". Richard is the 232 ranked male name by popularity.
Richard Name Meaning: History, Gender & Pronunciation - Mom …
Feb 17, 2025 · Richard Gwyn: Also known as Richard White, illegally taught Catholic schoolchildren in Wales and was executed by Queen Elizabeth I for refusing to convert to Anglicanism . Is …
What does Richard mean? - Definitions.net
Definition of Richard in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of Richard. What does Richard mean? Information and translations of Richard in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions …
Richard - Name Meaning, What does Richard mean? - Think Baby Names
What does Richard mean? R ichard as a boys' name is pronounced RICH-erd. It is of Old German origin, and the meaning of Richard is "powerful leader". Norman name commonly used for the …
Richard - Meaning of Richard, What does Richard mean? - BabyNamesPedia
Richard is used chiefly in the Czech, Dutch, English, French, and German languages, and its origin is Germanic and English. From Germanic roots, its meaning is powerful ruler . A two-element name, …
Richard - Wikipedia
Richard Theodore Otcasek (1944–2019), known as Ric Ocasek, frontman for the Cars; Richard Patrick (born 1968), lead singer and guitarist of Filter; Richard Wayne Penniman (1932–2020), …
Meaning, origin and history of the name Richard
Dec 1, 2024 · It was borne by three kings of England including the 12th-century Richard I the Lionheart, one of the leaders of the Third Crusade. During the late Middle Ages this name was …
Richard I | Biography, Achievements, Crusade, Facts, & Death
Richard I, duke of Aquitaine (from 1168) and of Poitiers (from 1172) and king of England, duke of Normandy, and count of Anjou (1189–99). His knightly manner and his prowess in the Third …
How Dick Came to be Short for Richard - Today I Found Out
Apr 28, 2012 · How Dick became a nickname for Richard is known and is one of those “knee bone connected to the thigh bone” type progressions, somewhat similar to how the word ‘soccer’ …
Richard Name Meaning, Origin, History, And Popularity
Aug 26, 2024 · Richard is a popular male name with Germanic roots and royal connections. Read on to learn more about it.
Richard - Baby Name Meaning, Origin, and Popularity
Jun 8, 2025 · Richard is a boy's name of German origin meaning "dominant ruler". Richard is the 232 ranked male name by popularity.
Richard Name Meaning: History, Gender & Pronunciation - Mom …
Feb 17, 2025 · Richard Gwyn: Also known as Richard White, illegally taught Catholic schoolchildren in Wales and was executed by Queen Elizabeth I for refusing to convert to …
What does Richard mean? - Definitions.net
Definition of Richard in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of Richard. What does Richard mean? Information and translations of Richard in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions …
Richard - Name Meaning, What does Richard mean? - Think Baby Names
What does Richard mean? R ichard as a boys' name is pronounced RICH-erd. It is of Old German origin, and the meaning of Richard is "powerful leader". Norman name commonly used for the …
Richard - Meaning of Richard, What does Richard mean? - BabyNamesPedia
Richard is used chiefly in the Czech, Dutch, English, French, and German languages, and its origin is Germanic and English. From Germanic roots, its meaning is powerful ruler . A two …
