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| religion and communalism: The Furies of Indian Communalism Achin Vanaik, 1997 Moving beyond purely theoretical considerations, he assesses India's political future, the possible obstacles to the development of communalism, and the forces that exist on the Left which might be brought into alliance to halt the march of chauvinism. |
| religion and communalism: Politics as Religion Emilio Gentile, 2020-09-01 Emilio Gentile, an internationally renowned authority on fascism and totalitarianism, argues that politics over the past two centuries has often taken on the features of religion, claiming as its own the prerogative of defining the fundamental purpose and meaning of human life. Secular political entities such as the nation, the state, race, class, and the party became the focus of myths, rituals, and commandments and gradually became objects of faith, loyalty, and reverence. Gentile examines this sacralization of politics, as he defines it, both historically and theoretically, seeking to identify the different ways in which political regimes as diverse as fascism, communism, and liberal democracy have ultimately depended, like religions, on faith, myths, rites, and symbols. Gentile maintains that the sacralization of politics as a modern phenomenon is distinct from the politicization of religion that has arisen from militant religious fundamentalism. Sacralized politics may be democratic, in the form of a civil religion, or it may be totalitarian, in the form of a political religion. Using this conceptual distinction, and moving from America to Europe, and from Africa to Asia, Gentile presents a unique comparative history of civil and political religions from the American and French Revolutions, through nationalism and socialism, democracy and totalitarianism, fascism and communism, up to the present day. It is also a fascinating book for understanding the sacralization of politics after 9/11. |
| religion and communalism: Islam after Communism Adeeb Khalid, 2014-02-08 How do Muslims relate to Islam in societies that experienced seventy years of Soviet rule? How did the utopian Bolshevik project of remaking the world by extirpating religion from it affect Central Asia? Adeeb Khalid combines insights from the study of both Islam and Soviet history to answer these questions. Arguing that the sustained Soviet assault on Islam destroyed patterns of Islamic learning and thoroughly de-Islamized public life, Khalid demonstrates that Islam became synonymous with tradition and was subordinated to powerful ethnonational identities that crystallized during the Soviet period. He shows how this legacy endures today and how, for the vast majority of the population, a return to Islam means the recovery of traditions destroyed under Communism. Islam after Communism reasons that the fear of a rampant radical Islam that dominates both Western thought and many of Central Asia’s governments should be tempered with an understanding of the politics of antiterrorism, which allows governments to justify their own authoritarian policies by casting all opposition as extremist. Placing the Central Asian experience in the broad comparative perspective of the history of modern Islam, Khalid argues against essentialist views of Islam and Muslims and provides a nuanced and well-informed discussion of the forces at work in this crucial region. |
| religion and communalism: The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Religion Rachel M. McCleary, 2011-01-27 This is a one-of-kind volume bringing together leading scholars in the economics of religion for the first time. The treatment of topics is interdisciplinary, comparative, as well as global in nature. Scholars apply the economics of religion approach to contemporary issues such as immigrants in the United States and ask historical questions such as why did Judaism as a religion promote investment in education? The economics of religion applies economic concepts (for example, supply and demand) and models of the market to the study of religion. Advocates of the economics of religion approach look at ways in which the religion market influences individual choices as well as institutional development. For example, economists would argue that when a large denomination declines, the religion is not supplying the right kind of religious good that appeals to the faithful. Like firms, religions compete and supply goods. The economics of religion approach using rational choice theory, assumes that all human beings, regardless of their cultural context, their socio-economic situation, act rationally to further his/her ends. The wide-ranging topics show the depth and breadth of the approach to the study of religion. |
| religion and communalism: Communalism Contested Achin Vanaik, 1997 |
| religion and communalism: Religion, Caste, and Politics in India Christophe Jaffrelot, 2010 Following independence, the Nehruvian approach to socialism in India rested on three pillars: secularism and democracy in the political domain, state intervention in the economy, and diplomatic non-alignment mitigated by pro-Soviet leanings after the 1960s. These features defined a distinct Indian model, if not the country's political identity. From this starting point, Christophe Jaffrelot traces the transformation of India throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, particularly the 1980s and 90s. The world's largest democracy has sustained itself by embracing not only the vernacular politicians of linguistic states, but also Dalits and Other Backward Classes, or OBCs. The simultaneous--and related--rise of Hindu nationalism has put minorities--and secularism--on the defensive. In many ways the rule of law has been placed on trial as well. The liberalization of the economy has resulted in growth, yet not necessarily development, and India has acquired a new global status, becoming an emerging power intent on political and economic partnerships with Asia and the West. The traditional Nehruvian system is giving way to a less cohesive though more active India, a country that has become what it is against all odds. Jaffrelot maps this tumultuous journey, exploring the role of religion, caste, and politics in determining the fabric of a modern democratic state. |
| religion and communalism: Religion, Politics, and Communalism Rakhahari Chatterji, 1994 Contributed articles. |
| religion and communalism: Politics and Religion Steve Bruce, 2003-06-04 Islamic fundamentalists wreck the financial heart of New York; Hindus destroy a mosque at Ayodhya; Orthodox Jews battle Palestinians for possession of holy sites; in Egypt, Israel and India political leaders are murdered by religious zealots. In many parts of the world, religion combines with ethnic and national conflict to stimulate political militancy. The collapse of Communism and the failure of Western secular models of development have stimulated the revival of religiously inspired nationalisms. Even in stable affluent democracies, religion is a powerful influence on political preferences. It affects lifestyle concerns such as abortion, gender roles and gay rights. It influences economic attitudes. It shapes the alignments of political parties. Believers try to influence governments and, although most governments in principle tolerate religious diversity, many still attempt to regulate religious behaviour, particularly that of new religious movements. Steve Bruce draws on material from all over the world and from all religious traditions to explore the complex links between religion and politics. He shows that, while social, economic and political circumstances shape the political choices and actions of believers, religion still matters. Although the major world faiths have at times been associated with every conceivable political agenda, there remain important differences between Catholic, Protestant, Hindu, Jewish, Buddhist, Confucian, Shinto and Muslim politics. |
| religion and communalism: Religion's Sudden Decline Ronald F. Inglehart, 2020-12-02 Mass attachment to religion is rapidly declining in most of the world; Why, and What comes next? The world is becoming less religious. Since 2007, there has been a pervasive decline in religious belief and most of the world's people now say that God is less important in their lives than they said He was in the quarter century before 2007. The American public showed the most dramatic shift of all. The United States, which for many years stood as a highly religious outlier among the world's high-income countries, now ranks as the 12th least religious country for which data are available. Many factors contributed to this dramatic worldwide shift, but as Inglehart shows, certain ones stand out. For centuries, virtually all major religions encouraged women to stay home and produce as many children as possible; and they sternly discouraged divorce, abortion, homosexuality, contraception, and any other form of sexual behavior not linked with reproduction. These norms were necessary for societies to survive when facing high infant mortality and low life expectancy: societies that didn't instill them tended to die out. Recent technological advances have greatly increased life expectancy and cut infant mortality to a tiny fraction of its historic levels, making these norms no longer necessary for societal survival. These norms require repressing strong natural urges, but, since they present traditional norms as absolute values, most religions strongly resist change. The resulting tension, together with the fact that rising existential security has made people less dependent on religion, opened the way for an exodus from religion. Utilizing a massive global data base, Inglehart analyzes the conditions under which religiosity collapses, and explores its implications for the future. |
| religion and communalism: Religious Politics and Secular States Scott W. Hibbard, 2010-10-15 2011 Winner of the Charles H. Levine Memorial Book Prize of the International Political Science Association This comparative analysis probes why conservative renderings of religious tradition in the United States, India, and Egypt remain so influential in the politics of these three ostensibly secular societies. The United States, Egypt, and India were quintessential models of secular modernity in the 1950s and 1960s. By the 1980s and 1990s, conservative Islamists challenged the Egyptian government, India witnessed a surge in Hindu nationalism, and the Christian right in the United States rose to dominate the Republican Party and large swaths of the public discourse. Using a nuanced theoretical framework that emphasizes the interaction of religion and politics, Scott W. Hibbard argues that three interrelated issues led to this state of affairs. First, as an essential part of the construction of collective identities, religion serves as a basis for social solidarity and political mobilization. Second, in providing a moral framework, religion's traditional elements make it relevant to modern political life. Third, and most significant, in manipulating religion for political gain, political elites undermined the secular consensus of the modern state that had been in place since the end of World War II. Together, these factors sparked a new era of right-wing religious populism in the three nations. Although much has been written about the resurgence of religious politics, scholars have paid less attention to the role of state actors in promoting new visions of religion and society. Religious Politics and Secular States fills this gap by situating this trend within long-standing debates over the proper role of religion in public life. |
| religion and communalism: Faith in Freedom Andrew R. Polk, 2021-12-15 In Faith in Freedom, Andrew R. Polk argues that the American civil religion so many have identified as indigenous to the founding ideology was, in fact, the result of a strategic campaign of religious propaganda. Far from being the natural result of the nation's religious underpinning or the later spiritual machinations of conservative Protestants, American civil religion and the resultant Christian nationalism of today were crafted by secular elites in the middle of the twentieth century. Polk's genealogy of the national motto, In God We Trust, revises the very meaning of the contemporary American nation. Polk shows how Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S Truman, and Dwight D. Eisenhower, working with politicians, advertising executives, and military public relations experts, exploited denominational religious affiliations and beliefs in order to unite Americans during the Second World War and, then, the early Cold War. Armed opposition to the Soviet Union was coupled with militant support for free economic markets, local control of education and housing, and liberties of speech and worship. These preferences were cultivated by state actors so as to support a set of right-wing positions including anti-communism, the Jim Crow status quo, and limited taxation and regulation. Faith in Freedom is a pioneering work of American religious history. By assessing the ideas, policies, and actions of three US Presidents and their White House staff, Polk sheds light on the origins of the ideological, religious, and partisan divides that describe the American polity today. |
| religion and communalism: India's Agony Over Religion Gerald James Larson, 1995-02-16 Presents the contemporary religious crisis in India, providing historical perspective and focusing on the crises in Punjab, Kashmir, and Ayodhya. |
| religion and communalism: Religion, Politics and Nation-Building in Post-Communist Countries Greg Simons, David Westerlund, 2016-03-03 The increasing significance and visibility of relationships between religion and public arenas and institutions following the fall of communism in Europe provide the core focus of this fascinating book. Leading international scholars consider the religious and political role of Christian Orthodoxy in the Russian Federation, Romania, Georgia and Ukraine alongside the revival of old, indigenous religions, often referred to as 'shamanistic' and look at how, despite Islam’s long history and many adherents in the south, Islamophobic attitudes have increasingly been added to traditional anti-Semitic, anti-Western or anti-liberal elements of Russian nationalism. Contrasts between the church’s position in the post-communist nation building process of secular Estonia with its role in predominantly Catholic Poland are also explored. Religion, Politics and Nation-Building in Post-Communist Countries gives a broad overview of the political importance of religion in the Post-Soviet space but its interest and relevance extends far beyond the geographical focus, providing examples of the challenges in the spheres of public, religious and social policy for all transitional countries. |
| religion and communalism: Red State Religion Robert Wuthnow, 2012 What Kansas really tells us about red state America No state has voted Republican more consistently or widely or for longer than Kansas. To understand red state politics, Kansas is the place. It is also the place to understand red state religion. The Kansas Board of Education has repeatedly challenged the teaching of evolution, Kansas voters overwhelmingly passed a constitutional ban on gay marriage, the state is a hotbed of antiabortion protest—and churches have been involved in all of these efforts. Yet in 1867 suffragist Lucy Stone could plausibly proclaim that, in the cause of universal suffrage, Kansas leads the world! How did Kansas go from being a progressive state to one of the most conservative? In Red State Religion, Robert Wuthnow tells the story of religiously motivated political activism in Kansas from territorial days to the present. He examines how faith mixed with politics as both ordinary Kansans and leaders such as John Brown, Carrie Nation, William Allen White, and Dwight Eisenhower struggled over the pivotal issues of their times, from slavery and Prohibition to populism and anti-communism. Beyond providing surprising new explanations of why Kansas became a conservative stronghold, the book sheds new light on the role of religion in red states across the Midwest and the United States. Contrary to recent influential accounts, Wuthnow argues that Kansas conservatism is largely pragmatic, not ideological, and that religion in the state has less to do with politics and contentious moral activism than with relationships between neighbors, friends, and fellow churchgoers. This is an important book for anyone who wants to understand the role of religion in American political conservatism. |
| religion and communalism: Religion, Morality, and Community in Post-Soviet Societies Mark D. Steinberg, Catherine Wanner, 2008 This collection reveals the presence and power of religious belief and practice in public life after the demise of Soviet socialism. Based on recent research and interdisciplinary methodologies, Religion, Morality, and Community in Post-Soviet Societies examines how religious organizations and individuals engage the changing and troubled environment in which they live, which presents expanded civil freedom but much everyday uncertainty, unhappiness, injustice, and suffering--Page [4] of cover. |
| religion and communalism: The Religion of the Future Roberto Mangabeira Unger, 2016-10-25 A new philosophy of religion for a secular world How can we live in such a way that we die only once? How can we organize a society that gives us a better chance to be fully alive? How can we reinvent religion so that it liberates us instead of consoling us? These questions stand at the center of Roberto Mangabeira Unger’s The Religion of the Future: an argument for both spiritual and political revolution. It proposes the content of a religion that can survive without faith in a transcendent God or in life after death. According to this religion—the religion of the future—human beings can be more human by becoming more godlike, not just later, in another life or another time, but right now, on Earth and in their own lives. They can become more godlike without denying the irreparable flaws in the human condition: our mortality, groundlessness, and insatiability. |
| religion and communalism: Russian Society and the Orthodox Church Zoe Knox, 2004-06-02 Russian Society and the Orthodox Church examines the Russian Orthodox Church's social and political role and its relationship to civil society in post-Communist Russia. It shows how Orthodox prelates, clergy and laity have shaped Russians' attitudes towards religious and ideological pluralism, which in turn have influenced the ways in which Russians understand civil society, including those of its features - pluralism and freedom of conscience - that are essential for a functioning democracy. It shows how the official church, including the Moscow Patriarchate, has impeded the development of civil society, while on the other hand the non-official church, including nonconformist clergy and lay activists, has promoted concepts central to civil society. |
| religion and communalism: Religion and the Cold War D. Kirby, 2002-12-13 Although seen widely as the twentieth-century's great religious war, as a conflict between the god-fearing and the godless, the religious dimension of the Cold War has never been subjected to a scholarly critique. This unique study shows why religion is a key Cold War variable. A specially commissioned collection of new scholarship, it provides fresh insights into the complex nature of the Cold War. It has profound resonance today with the resurgence of religion as a political force in global society. |
| religion and communalism: The FBI and Religion Sylvester A. Johnson, Steven Weitzman, 2017-02-07 The Federal Bureau of Investigation has had a long and tortuous relationship with religion over almost the entirety of its existence. As early as 1917, the Bureau began to target religious communities and groups it believed were hotbeds of anti-American politics. Whether these religious communities were pacifist groups that opposed American wars, or religious groups that advocated for white supremacy or direct conflict with the FBI, the Bureau has infiltrated and surveilled religious communities that run the gamut of American religious life. The FBI and Religion recounts this fraught and fascinating history, focusing on key moments in the Bureau’s history. Starting from the beginnings of the FBI before World War I, moving through the Civil Rights Movement and the Cold War, up to 9/11 and today, this book tackles questions essential to understanding not only the history of law enforcement and religion, but also the future of religious liberty in America. |
| religion and communalism: Imagining Judeo-Christian America K. Healan Gaston, 2019-11-15 “Judeo-Christian” is a remarkably easy term to look right through. Judaism and Christianity obviously share tenets, texts, and beliefs that have strongly influenced American democracy. In this ambitious book, however, K. Healan Gaston challenges the myth of a monolithic Judeo-Christian America. She demonstrates that the idea is not only a recent and deliberate construct, but also a potentially dangerous one. From the time of its widespread adoption in the 1930s, the ostensible inclusiveness of Judeo-Christian terminology concealed efforts to promote particular conceptions of religion, secularism, and politics. Gaston also shows that this new language, originally rooted in arguments over the nature of democracy that intensified in the early Cold War years, later became a marker in the culture wars that continue today. She argues that the debate on what constituted Judeo-Christian—and American—identity has shaped the country’s religious and political culture much more extensively than previously recognized. |
| religion and communalism: A History of State and Religion in India Ian Copland, Ian Mabbett, Asim Roy, Kate Brittlebank, Adam Bowles, 2013-05-02 Offering the first long-duration analysis of the relationship between the state and religion in South Asia, this book looks at the nature and origins of Indian secularism. It interrogates the proposition that communalism in India is wholly a product of colonial policy and modernisation, questions whether the Indian state has generally been a benign, or disruptive, influence on public religious life, and evaluates the claim that the region has spawned a culture of practical toleration. The book is structured around six key arenas of interaction between state and religion: cow worship and sacrifice, control of temples and shrines, religious festivals and processions, proselytising and conversion, communal riots, and religious teaching/doctrine and family law. It offers a challenging argument about the role of the state in religious life in a historical continuum, and identifies points of similarity and contrast between periods and regimes. The book makes a significant contribution to the literature on South Asian History and Religion. |
| religion and communalism: Piety and Public Opinion Thomas B. Pepinsky, R. William Liddle, Saiful Mujani, 2018 Across the Muslim world, religion plays an increasingly prominent role in both the private and public lives of over a billion people. Will democratic political participation by an increasingly religious population lead to victories by Islamists at the ballot box? Will more conspicuously pious Muslims participate in politics and markets in a fundamentally different way than they had previously? Against the common assumption that piety would naturally inhibit any tendencies towards modernity, democracy, or cosmopolitanism, Piety and Public Opinion reveals the complex and subtle links between religion and political beliefs in a critically important Muslim democracy. |
| religion and communalism: Making India Hindu David E. Ludden, 2005 For The Past Few Decades Powerful Political Forces Have Sought To Make The Indian State Hindu. Their Rising Influence Since 1980 Has Occured During A Period Of Radical Change In Indian Society And Politics, And Has Been Accomplished By Electoral Means As Well As By Organized Violence. The 1996 Elections Have Been A Major Test Of Their Power And The Influence Of Hindu Majoritarianism Among The Indian Electorate. Thirteen Prominent Scholars From India, Europe And The United States Provide Perspectives From The Fields Of Political Science, Religious Studies, History, Art History, And Anthropology, Comparing Trends In India With Ethnic, Religious, And Cultural Movements In Other Parts Of The World. The Second Edition Has Been Brought Up-To-Date With A New Preface In Which Ludden Provides An Incisive Analysis Of The 2004 Elections And Highlights Direct And Indirect Operations Of Hindutva Inside India`S Political Mainstream. It Also Carries A Revised Bibliography. |
| religion and communalism: Rawlsian Explorations in Religion and Applied Philosophy Daniel A. Dombrowski, 2015-08-26 To probe the underlying premises of a liberal political order, John Rawls felt obliged to use a philosophical method that abstracted from many of the details of ordinary life. But this very abstraction became a point of criticism, as it left unclear the implications of his theory for public policies and life in the real political world. Rawlsian Explorations in Religion and Applied Philosophy attempts to ferret out those implications, filling the gap between Rawls’s own empyrean heights and the really practical public policy proposals made by government planners, lobbyists, and legislators. Among the topics examined are natural rights, the morality of war, the treatment of mentally deficient humans and nonhuman sentient creatures, the controversies over legacy and affirmative action in college admissions, and the place of religious belief in a democratic society. The final chapter explores how Rawls’s own religious beliefs, as revealed in two works posthumously published in 2009, played into his formulation of his theory of justice. |
| religion and communalism: Marx on Religion Karl Marx, 2002-03 A primer of the often overlooked yet significant writings of Marx on religion. |
| religion and communalism: Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective J. Christopher Soper, Joel S. Fetzer, 2018-10-11 Offers a new framework for understanding how religion and nationalism interact across diverse countries and religious traditions. |
| religion and communalism: Religion and Global Politics Olusola Ogunnubi, Sheriff Folarin, 2022-06-21 This book examines the deployment of religious soft power in African states to influence international relations as well as the role and perception of politics for African people. The book analyzes how religion has been used as an instrument of persuasion and influence in a cross-disciplinary study of political science and religious studies. |
| religion and communalism: Religion and Regimes Mehran Tamadonfar, Ted G. Jelen, 2013-11-26 Religion and Regimes: Support, Separation, and Opposition emphasizes the changing political role of religion in various nations of the world. The approach is based on market models of religion, and connects the style of religious politics in a given nation to the nature of competition among dominant religious traditions and their alternatives. |
| religion and communalism: Encyclopedia of Religion in American Politics Jeffrey Schultz, John G. West, Iain Maclean, 1998-12-14 Today, such issues as abortion, capital punishment, sex education, racism, prayer in public schools, and family values keep religion and politics closely entwined in American public life. This encyclopedia is an A-to-Z listing of a broad range of topics related to religious issues and politics, ranging from the religious freedom sought by the Pilgrims in the 1620s to the rise of the religious right in the 1980s. |
| religion and communalism: The Wealth of Religions Robert J Barro, Rachel M. McCleary, 2019-05-21 How religious beliefs and practices can influence the wealth of nations Which countries grow faster economically—those with strong beliefs in heaven and hell or those with weak beliefs in them? Does religious participation matter? Why do some countries experience secularization while others are religiously vibrant? In The Wealth of Religions, Rachel McCleary and Robert Barro draw on their long record of pioneering research to examine these and many other aspects of the economics of religion. Places with firm beliefs in heaven and hell measured relative to the time spent in religious activities tend to be more productive and experience faster growth. Going further, there are two directions of causation: religiosity influences economic performance and economic development affects religiosity. Dimensions of economic development—such as urbanization, education, health, and fertility—matter too, interacting differently with religiosity. State regulation and subsidization of religion also play a role. The Wealth of Religions addresses the effects of religious beliefs on character traits such as work ethic, thrift, and honesty; the Protestant Reformation and its long-term effects on education and religious competition; Communism’s suppression of and competition with religion; the effects of Islamic laws and regulations on the functioning of markets and, hence, on the long-term development of Muslim countries; why some countries have state religions; analogies between religious groups and terrorist organizations; the violent origins of the Dalai Lama’s brand of Tibetan Buddhism; and the use by the Catholic Church of saint-making as a way to compete against the rise of Protestant Evangelicals. Timely and incisive, The Wealth of Religions provides fresh insights into the vital interplay between religion, markets, and economic development. |
| religion and communalism: Religion and the State Jack Barbalet, Adam Possamai, Bryan S. Turner, 2013 With a clear statement of the theoretical issues in the debates about secularization and post-secularism, 'Religion and the State: A Comparative Sociology' considers a number of major case studies - from China, Europe, Singapore and South Asia - in order to understand the rise of public religions in the modern state. By distinguishing between political secularization - the separation of state and religion - and social secularization - the transformation of the everyday practice of religion - this volume offers an integrating framework within which to analyze these different societies. |
| religion and communalism: Communalism and the Writing of Indian History Romila Thapar, Harbans Mukhia, Bipan Chandra, 1969 Revised version of papers presented at a seminar organised by All India Radio in October 1968. |
| religion and communalism: Marxism and Religion Daji Lü, Xuezeng Gong, 2014 In Marxism and Religion leading Chinese scholars and senior cadres introduce theoretical explorations of religion as well as half scholarly and ideological reformulations of Marxist perspectives on religion, an edifice earning mixed reception in China's kaleidoscopic religious life. |
| religion and communalism: Towards Understanding Communalism Pramod Kumar, 1992 Transcript of lectures organized by the Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, Chandigarh; chiefly in the context of India of the eighties. |
| religion and communalism: Religion and Sexuality Lawrence Foster, 1981 This unusual work presents a fascinating study of three radical, millennial religious communities--the Shakers, the Oneida Community, and the Mormons--that emerged during the turbulent decades before the Civil War in America. |
| religion and communalism: Religion and Politics in Post-Socialist Central and Southeastern Europe Sabrina P. Ramet, 2014-01-31 Since the crash of communism in Central and Southeastern Europe in 1989, almost everything in the region has changed – from politics to economics to popular culture to religion. There have been new challenges to confront and new dilemmas. This volume examines the political engagement of religious associations in the post-socialist countries of Central and Southeastern Europe, with a focus on disputes about property restitution, revelations about the collaboration of clergy with the communist-era secret police, intolerance, and controversies about the inclusion of religious instruction in the schools. Each of the countries in the region is analyzed with research grounded in on-site interviews, as well as extensive use of literature in local and Western languages. |
| religion and communalism: The ABC of Communism Nikolaĭ Bukharin, Evgeniĭ Alekseevich Preobrazhenskiĭ, 1922 |
| religion and communalism: Religion and Secularism in the European Union Jan Nelis, Caroline Sägesser, Jean-Philippe Schreiber, 2017 This book analyzes religious issues, faith-based organizations, State-Church relations and secularism in the EU. The authors develop the major themes that are relevant to their country of expertise. They show that religion, once thought to be of minor importance in a highly secular society, has made quite a vigorous political comeback. |
| religion and communalism: The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology Jeffrey Haynes, 2022 This comprehensive handbook examines relationships between religion, politics and ideology, with a focus on several world religions - Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism - in a variety of contexts, regions and countries. Relationships between religion, politics and ideology help mould people's attitudes about the way that political systems, both domestically and internationally, are organised and operate. While conceptually separate, religion, politics and ideology often become intertwined and as a result their relationships evolve over time. This volume brings together a number of expert contributors who explore a wide range of topical and controversial issues, including gender, nationalism, communism, fascism, populism and Islamism. Such topics inform the overall aim of the handbook: to provide a comprehensive summary of the relationships between religion, politics and ideology, including basic issues and new approaches. This handbook is a major research resource for students, researchers and professionals from various disciplinary backgrounds, including religious studies, political science, international relations, and sociology-- |
BY Gregory A. Smith - Pew Research Center's Religion
Dec 14, 2021 · adults now say religion is “very important” in their lives, 4 points lower than the 2020 NPORS and substantially lower than all of the Center’s earlier RDD readings on this …
The World’s Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society
results on religion in many countries around the world. The primary researcher for “The World’s Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society” was James Bell, the director of international survey …
FOR RELEASE JULY 23, 2019 - Pew Research Center's Religion …
about religion as it relates to federal officeholders, just one-quarter (27%) correctly answer that it says “no religious test” shall be a qualification for holding office; 15% incorrectly believe the …
Religious affiliation of members of 117th Congress
Jan 1, 2021 · 1 PEW RESEARCH CENTER Religious affiliation of members of 117th Congress State District Name Party Continuing/freshman Denominational family
In America, Does More Education Equal Less Religion?
identify with any religion. Indeed, fully three-quarters of college graduates are affiliated with some religion (including 11 % who say they are adherents of non-Christian faiths like Judaism, …
U.S.Religious Landscape Survey - Pew Research Center's …
Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life / U.S. Religious Landscape Survey 1 Introduction From the beginning of the Colonial period, religion has been a major factor in shaping the identity and …
NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD …
share of Russians identifying with a religion rose almost as much between 1998 and 2008 as it did 2 For the full results on these questions, see pages 12-14. 3 For more information on religion …
2020 PEW RESEARCH CENTER’S AMERICAN TRENDS PANEL …
2 Religion is being taken out of schools/schools are indoctrinating children 1 Young people are no longer interested in religion 6 NET Science/technology/education have replaced need for …
FOR RELEASE JAN. 14, 2021 - Pew Research Center's Religion …
Jan 14, 2021 · thinking about it. The same is true when it comes to assessing the importance of religion in one’s life, a standard question in many surveys about religious and spiritual matters. …
U.S.Religious Landscape Survey - Pew Research Center's …
on religion’s impact on society, conflicts between religion and society, religion and morality, and the links between religion and life satisfaction. Using the responses to these and other survey …
BY Gregory A. Smith - Pew Research Center's Religion
Dec 14, 2021 · adults now say religion is “very important” in their lives, 4 points lower than the 2020 NPORS and substantially lower than all of the Center’s earlier RDD readings on this …
The World’s Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society
results on religion in many countries around the world. The primary researcher for “The World’s Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society” was James Bell, the director of international survey …
FOR RELEASE JULY 23, 2019 - Pew Research Center's Religion …
about religion as it relates to federal officeholders, just one-quarter (27%) correctly answer that it says “no religious test” shall be a qualification for holding office; 15% incorrectly believe the …
Religious affiliation of members of 117th Congress
Jan 1, 2021 · 1 PEW RESEARCH CENTER Religious affiliation of members of 117th Congress State District Name Party Continuing/freshman Denominational family
In America, Does More Education Equal Less Religion?
identify with any religion. Indeed, fully three-quarters of college graduates are affiliated with some religion (including 11 % who say they are adherents of non-Christian faiths like Judaism, …
U.S.Religious Landscape Survey - Pew Research Center's …
Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life / U.S. Religious Landscape Survey 1 Introduction From the beginning of the Colonial period, religion has been a major factor in shaping the identity and …
NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD …
share of Russians identifying with a religion rose almost as much between 1998 and 2008 as it did 2 For the full results on these questions, see pages 12-14. 3 For more information on religion …
2020 PEW RESEARCH CENTER’S AMERICAN TRENDS PANEL …
2 Religion is being taken out of schools/schools are indoctrinating children 1 Young people are no longer interested in religion 6 NET Science/technology/education have replaced need for …
FOR RELEASE JAN. 14, 2021 - Pew Research Center's Religion …
Jan 14, 2021 · thinking about it. The same is true when it comes to assessing the importance of religion in one’s life, a standard question in many surveys about religious and spiritual matters. …
U.S.Religious Landscape Survey - Pew Research Center's …
on religion’s impact on society, conflicts between religion and society, religion and morality, and the links between religion and life satisfaction. Using the responses to these and other survey …
