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| ray massey reverse mortgage: Communities in Action National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States, 2017-03-27 In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: The Lords of Easy Money Christopher Leonard, 2023-01-10 The New York Times bestselling business journalist Christopher Leonard infiltrates one of America's most mysterious institutions--the Federal Reserve--to show how its policies over the past ten years have accelerated income inequality and put our country's economic stability at risk-- |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: History of Wyoming (Second Edition) T. A. Larson, 1990-08-01 The History of Wyoming explains detailed information of territorial and state developments. This second edition also includes the post-World War II chapters containing discussion about the economy, society, culture and politics not included on the previous edition. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Fundamentals of Franchising Rupert Mitchell Barkoff, 2016 Fundamentals of Franchising, Fourth Edition is charged with useful definitions, practical tips, and expert advice from experienced practitioners. Written to help lawyers and nonlawyers alike, this practical guide examines franchise law from a wide range of practice specialties and viewpoints. Each chapter is written by experienced practitioners whose cumulative knowledge provides you with a well-rounded overview of franchise law and alerts you to issues that may require further research or expertise. Strengthen your understanding of key issues in franchise law, including:Trademark lawStructuring the franchise relationshipFranchise disclosure issuesFranchise registrationFranchise relationship lawsAntitrust lawInternational franchisingRepresenting franchiseesThis edition also covers disclosure requirements under the revised FTC Franchise Rule, provides a state-by-state summary of franchise and business opportunity registration and disclosure statutes, and summarizes state procedural requirements for termination or nonrenewal. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: The Illinois Constitution George D. Braden, Rubin Goodman Cohn, 1969 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: The Enduring Challenge of Concentrated Poverty in America David Erickson, 2008 This report--a joint effort of the Federal Reserve's Community Affairs function and the Brookings Institution's Metropolitan Policy Program--examines the issue of concentrated poverty and profiles 16 high-poverty communities from across the country, including immigrant gateway, Native American, urban, and rural communities. Through these case studies, the report contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of poor people living in poor communities, and the policies that will be needed to bring both into the economic mainstream. It is not the intention of this publication to explain poverty causation. Instead, the goal is to add texture to our understanding of where and how concentrated poverty exists, by studying new areas and by interviewing local stakeholders, including residents, community leaders, and government representatives, to understand how concentrated poverty affects both individuals and communities. The report begins with Concentrated Poverty in America: An Overview (Alan Berube) and Introduction to the Case Studies (Carolina Reid). It then presents the following 16 case studies: (1) Fresno, California: the West Fresno neighborhood (Naomi Cytron); (2) Cleveland, Ohio: the Central neighborhood (Lisa Nelson); (3) Miami, Florida: the Little Haiti neighborhood (Ana Cruz-Taura and Jessica LeVeen Farr); (4) Martin County, Kentucky (Jeff Gatica); (5) Blackfeet Reservation, Montana (Sandy Gerber, Michael Grover, and Sue Woodrow); (6) Greenville, North Carolina: the West Greenville neighborhood (Carl Neel); (7) Atlantic City, New Jersey: the Bungalow Park/Marina District area (Harriet Newburger, John Wackes, Keith Rolland, and Anita Sands); (8) Austin, Texas: the East Austin neighborhood (Elizabeth Sobel); (9) McKinley County, New Mexico: Crownpoint (Steven Shepelwich and Roger Zalneraitis); (10) McDowell County, West Virginia (Courtney Anderson Mailey); (11) Albany, Georgia: the East Albany neighborhood (Jessica LeVeen Farr and Sibyl Slade); (12) El Paso, Texas: the Chamizal neighborhood (Roy Lopez); (13) Springfield, Massachusetts: Old Hill, Six Corners, and the South End neighborhoods (DeAnna Green); (14) Rochester, New York: the Northern Crescent neighborhoods (Alexandra Forter Sirota and Yazmin Osaki); (15) Holmes County, Mississippi (Ellen Eubank); and (16) Milwaukee, Wisconsin: the Northwest neighborhood (Jeremiah Boyle). Following these case studies is Learning from Concentrated Poverty in America: A Synthesis of Themes from the Case Studies (Alan Berube, David Erickson, and Carolina Reid). Appended to this report are: (A) References for Comparison Statistics Tables; (B) Literature Review: Federal Reserve System Poverty-Related Research; (C) References for Overview in Alphabetical Order (by First Author); and (D) Photo Credits. (Individual case studies contain tables, figures, and footnotes.). |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: At the Boundaries of Homeownership Chloe N. Thurston, 2018-05-03 In the United States, homeownership is synonymous with economic security and middle-class status. It has played this role in American life for almost a century, and as a result, homeownership's centrality to Americans' economic lives has come to seem natural and inevitable. But this state of affairs did not develop spontaneously or inexorably. On the contrary, it was the product of federal government policies, established during the 1930s and developed over the course of the twentieth century. At the Boundaries of Homeownership traces how the government's role in this became submerged from public view and how several groups who were locked out of homeownership came to recognize and reveal the role of the government. Through organizing and activism, these boundary groups transformed laws and private practices governing determinations of credit-worthiness. This book describes the important policy consequences of their achievements and the implications for how we understand American statebuilding. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Financial Investigations , 1993 This packet contains a textbook, an instructor's guide, and a student workbook for a course on conducting financial investigations to detect and solve crimes. The topics covered in the 11 chapters of the textbook and the ancillaries are the following: (1) why financial investigation?; (2) laws related to financial crimes; (3) evidence; (4) sources of information; (5) financial institutions as sources of information; (6) tracing the movement of money through a business; (7) tracing funds using the direct method of proof; (8) tracing funds using indirect methods of proof; (9) planning, conducting, and recording an interview; (10) investigative techniques; and (11) money laundering and forfeitures. The text also contains responses to end-of-chapter questions, a glossary, and two appendixes listing selected sources of information and American Bankers Association numbers of cities and states and Federal Reserve districts. The instructor's guide provides materials for each chapter, including preparation requirements, instructor notes and presentation outline, and an appendix containing exercise feedback sheets, case studies, role-play scenarios, chapter transparencies, and supplemental chapter information. The guide also includes a bank of tests and quizzes. The student workbook contains supporting and supplemental materials to the textbook content including: introductions to each of the chapters, individual and group skill exercises, information sheets, case studies, and worksheets. (KC) |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Mapping Cyberspace Martin Dodge, Rob Kitchin, 2003-09-02 Mapping Cyberspace is a ground-breaking geographic exploration and critical reading of cyberspace, and information and communication technologies. The book: * provides an understanding of what cyberspace looks like and the social interactions that occur there * explores the impacts of cyberspace, and information and communication technologies, on cultural, political and economic relations * charts the spatial forms of virutal spaces * details empirical research and examines a wide variety of maps and spatialisations of cyberspace and the information society * has a related website at http://www.MappingCyberspace.com. This book will be a valuable addition to the growing body of literature on cyberspace and what it means for the future. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: The Challenge of Slums United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2003 First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Liar's Poker Michael Lewis, 2010-03-02 The author recounts his experiences on the lucrative Wall Street bond market of the 1980s, where young traders made millions in a very short time, in a humorous account of greed and epic folly. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Unequal Treatment Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, 2009-02-06 Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Anticapitalism and Culture Jeremy Gilbert, 2008-10-15 What does 'anticapitalism' really mean for the politics and culture of the twenty-first century? Anticapitalism is an idea which, despite going global, remains rooted in the local, persisting as a loose collection of grassroots movements and actions. Anti-capitalism needs to develop a coherent and cohering philosophy, something which cultural theory and the intellectual legacy of the New Left can help to provide, notably through the work of key radical thinkers, such as Ernesto Laclau, Stuart Hall, Antonio Negri, Gilles Deleuze and Judith Butler. Anticapitalism and Culture argues that there is a strong relationship between the radical tradition of cultural studies and the new political movements which try to resist corporate globalization. Indeed, the two need each other: whilst theory can shape and direct the huge diversity of anticapitalist activism, the energy and sheer political engagement of the anticapitalist movement can breathe new life into cultural studies. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking, and The Studio System Thomas Schatz, 1981-02 The central thesis of this book is that a genre approach provides the most effective means for understanding, analyzing and appreciating the Hollywood cinema. Taking into account not only the formal and aesthetic aspects of feature filmmaking, but various other cultural aspects as well, the genre approach treats movie production as a dynamic process of exchange between the film industry and its audience. This process, embodied by the Hollywood studio system, has been sustained primarily through genres, those popular narrative formulas like the Western, musical and gangster film, which have dominated the screen arts throughout this century. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Maryland Historical Magazine William Hand Browne, Louis Henry Dielman, 1910 Includes the proceedings of the Society. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings Patrick A. Gaughan, 2017-11-27 The essential M&A primer, updated with the latest research and statistics Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings provides a comprehensive look at the field's growth and development, and places M&As in realistic context amidst changing trends, legislation, and global perspectives. All-inclusive coverage merges expert discussion with extensive graphs, research, and case studies to show how M&As can be used successfully, how each form works, and how they are governed by the laws of major countries. Strategies and motives are carefully analyzed alongside legalities each step of the way, and specific techniques are dissected to provide deep insight into real-world operations. This new seventh edition has been revised to improve clarity and approachability, and features the latest research and data to provide the most accurate assessment of the current M&A landscape. Ancillary materials include PowerPoint slides, a sample syllabus, and a test bank to facilitate training and streamline comprehension. As the global economy slows, merger and acquisition activity is expected to increase. This book provides an M&A primer for business executives and financial managers seeking a deeper understanding of how corporate restructuring can work for their companies. Understand the many forms of M&As, and the laws that govern them Learn the offensive and defensive techniques used during hostile acquisitions Delve into the strategies and motives that inspire M&As Access the latest data, research, and case studies on private equity, ethics, corporate governance, and more From large megadeals to various forms of downsizing, a full range of restructuring practices are currently being used to revitalize and supercharge companies around the world. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings is an essential resource for executives needing to quickly get up to date to plan their own company's next moves. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: A Shared Future Christopher Herbert, Jonathan Spader, Jennifer Molinsky, Shannon Rieger, 2018-10-16 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: The Sailor's Word-book William Henry Smyth, 1867 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: The Virginian Owen Wister, 2024-06-28 In The Virginian, Owen Wister crafts an iconic Western tale of a rugged cowboy navigating love, justice, and honor in the untamed frontier. This seminal novel captures the spirit of the American West with vivid storytelling and unforgettable characters, marking the dawn of the Western genre. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Segregation by Design Jessica Trounstine, 2018-11-15 Segregation by Design draws on more than 100 years of quantitative and qualitative data from thousands of American cities to explore how local governments generate race and class segregation. Starting in the early twentieth century, cities have used their power of land use control to determine the location and availability of housing, amenities (such as parks), and negative land uses (such as garbage dumps). The result has been segregation - first within cities and more recently between them. Documenting changing patterns of segregation and their political mechanisms, Trounstine argues that city governments have pursued these policies to enhance the wealth and resources of white property owners at the expense of people of color and the poor. Contrary to leading theories of urban politics, local democracy has not functioned to represent all residents. The result is unequal access to fundamental local services - from schools, to safe neighborhoods, to clean water. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Hungry for Peace Keith McHenry, 2013-03-01 The de facto how-to manual of the international Food Not Bombs movement, which provides free food to the homeless and hungry and has branches in countries on every continent except Antarctica, this book describes at length how to set up and operate a Food Not Bombs chapter. The guide considers every aspect of the operation, from food collection and distribution to fund-raising, consensus decision making, and what to do when the police arrive. It contains detailed information on setting up a kitchen and cooking for large groups as well as a variety of delicious recipes. Accompanying numerous photographs is a lengthy section on the history of Food Not Bombs, with stories of the jailing and murder of activists, as well as premade handbills and flyers ready for photocopying. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Selection of Legal Maxims ... Herbert Broom, 1845 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: The New Zealand Official Year-book New Zealand. Department of Statistics, 1928 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Defeating Jihad Sebastian Gorka, 2019-10-08 Since September 11, 2001, America has been at war. And that’s about all anyone can say with certainty about a conflict that has cost 7,000 American lives and almost $2 trillion. As long as the most basic strategic questions—Who is the enemy? Why are we fighting?—remain unanswered, victory is impossible. Yet this war is eminently winnable if we remove our ideological blinders, accurately name our enemy, and draw up a strategy to defeat him. So says Dr. Sebastian Gorka, one of the most experienced and sought-after authorities on counterterrorism. Our enemy is not “terror” or “violent extremism.” Our enemy is the global jihadi movement, a modern totalitarian ideology rooted in the doctrines and martial history of Islam. Taking his cue from the formerly top-secret analyses that shaped the U.S. response to the communist threat, Dr. Gorka has produced a compelling profile of the jihadi movement—its mind and motivation—and a plan to defeat it. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Strengthening Communities with Neighborhood Data G. Thomas Kingsley, Claudia J. Coulton, Kathryn L. S. Pettit, 2016-11-15 Efforts to address the problems of distressed urban neighborhoods stretch back to the 1800s, but until relatively recently, data played little role in forming policy. It wasn't until the early 1990s that all of the factors necessary for rigorous, multifaceted analysis of neighborhood conditions--automated government records, geospatial information systems, and local organizations that could leverage both--converged. Strengthening Communities documents that convergence and details its progress, plotting the ways data are improving local governance in America. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Investigation of Whitewater Development Corporation and Related Matters United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee to Investigate Whitewater Development Corporation and Related Matters, 1997 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Freedom of Information Act Guide , 2009 The Freedom of Information Act Guide is an overview discussion of the FOIA's exemptions, its law enforcement record exclusions, and its most important procedural aspects. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Social Relations in Our Southern States Daniel Hundley, Daniel Robinson Hundley, 2008-10 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: North Carolina Trial Judges' Bench Book, District Court, Vol. 1 Cheryl D. Howell, Jan S. Simmons, 2022-09 The North Carolina Trial Judges' Bench Book, District Court, Vol. 1, Family Law, 2021 is a comprehensive legal reference created for North Carolina district judges. It provides summaries of North Carolina law governing cases routinely heard in district court. Chapters cover topics including equitable distribution, child support, child custody, spousal agreements, postseparation support and alimony, and more. The School of Government offers North Carolina Trial Judges' Bench Book, Volume 1, Family Law and its individual chapters for sale in a print and PDF format. Please visit www.sog.unc.edu/publications. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: What It's Worth Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Cfed, 2015-12-08 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Prices of Clothing John M. Curran, 1919 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Successful Public Policy Joannah Luetjens, Michael Mintrom, Paul ‘t Hart, 2019-04-30 In Australia and New Zealand, many public projects, programs and services perform well. But these cases are consistently underexposed and understudied. We cannot properly ‘see’—let alone recognise and explain—variations in government performance when media, political and academic discourses are saturated with accounts of their shortcomings and failures, but are next to silent on their achievements. Successful Public Policy: Lessons from Australia and New Zealand helps to turn that tide. It aims to reset the agenda for teaching, research and dialogue on public policy performance. This is done through a series of close-up, in-depth and carefully chosen case study accounts of the genesis and evolution of stand-out public policy achievements, across a range of sectors within Australia and New Zealand. Through these accounts, written by experts from both countries, we engage with the conceptual, methodological and theoretical challenges that have plagued extant research seeking to evaluate, explain and design successful public policy. Studies of public policy successes are rare—not just in Australia and New Zealand, but the world over. This book is embedded in a broader project exploring policy successes globally; its companion volume, Great Policy Successes (edited by Paul ‘t Hart and Mallory Compton), is published by Oxford University Press (2019). |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: The Home Demonstration Agent , 1951 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Public Utility Regulation Morris Llewellyn Cooke, 1924 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Western Reporter ... Robert Desty, Charles Andrew Ray, 1885 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: America's Great Depression Murray N Rothbard, 2022-11-18 This book is an analysis of the causes of the Great Depression of 1929. The author concludes that the Depression was caused not by laissez-faire capitalism, but by government intervention in the economy. The author argues that the Hoover administration violated the tradition of previous American depressions by intervening in an unprecedented way and that the result was a disastrous prolongation of unemployment and depression so that a typical business cycle became a lingering disease. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: The Continuum of Long-term Care Connie Evashwick, 1996 This vital text offers a conceptual framework for creating an ideal integrated continuum of care., as well as concrete information about the components of the continuum as they exist today. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Honest John Williams Carol E. Hoffecker, 2024-06-14 John J. Williams was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1946, defeating incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator James M. Tunnell. Honest John Williams: U.S. Senator from Delaware examines the political career of Williams, a political novice who established himself as an important advocate for fiscal probity and integrity in government during four successive terms in the U.S. Senate between 1947 and 1970. Over the course of those twenty-four years in the Senate, which spanned the administrations of five separate U.S. presidents (Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon), Williams positioned himself as an opponent of wasteful government spending and corruption, often working across the aisle in order to achieve specific political goals. In Honest John Williams, noted Delaware historian Carol E. Hoffecker offers readers a comprehensive look at the legislative course forged by Delaware’s first four-term senator, a chicken-feed dealer born on a farm near Sussex County who went on to become an important advocate for fiscal probity and integrity in twentieth-century American politics. |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Heroes of Tennessee Billy Mac Jones, 1979 |
| ray massey reverse mortgage: Revised Civil Statutes of the State of Texas Texas, 1925 |
Ray (film) - Wikipedia
Ray Charles Robinson is raised in poverty in Florida by his mother, Aretha. Learning to play piano at an early age, Ray is haunted by the accidental death of his younger brother George, who …
Ray (2004) - IMDb
Oct 29, 2004 · The story of the life and career of the legendary rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles, from his humble beginnings in the South, where he went blind at age seven, to his …
Ray - YouTube
Jamie Foxx stars as the one-of-a-kind innovator of soul, Ray Charles, who overcame impossible odds and humble beginnings to become an extraordinary music leg...
Ray (2004) - Plot - IMDb
Born on a sharecropping plantation in northern Florida, Ray Charles (played by Jamie Foxx) went blind at seven. Inspired by a fiercely independent mom who insisted he make his own way, He …
Welcome to Ray! — Ray 2.47.0
Welcome to Ray! — Ray 2.47.0. An open source framework to build and scale your ML and Python applications easily. Scale the entire ML pipeline from data ingest to model serving with …
Ray streaming: where to watch movie online? - JustWatch
Find out how and where to watch "Ray" online on Netflix, Prime Video, and Disney+ today – including 4K and free options.
Ray - Rotten Tomatoes
Legendary soul musician Ray Charles is portrayed by Jamie Foxx in this Oscar-winning biopic. Young Ray watches his 7-year-old brother drown at age seven. When he loses his sight at...
Watch Ray | Prime Video - amazon.com
Ray is the triumphant and remarkable story of one of America's true musical geniuses, Ray Charles (Jamie Foxx), from his humble beginnings in the South through his meteoric rise to …
Ray - The Only Browser Built For Gaming
Ray is the first browser built specifically for web gaming. Unlike Chrome or OperaGX, Ray lets you instantly discover and play top browser games through a dedicated portal—no installs, no …
RAY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of RAY is any of an order (Rajiformes) of usually marine cartilaginous fishes (such as stingrays and skates) having the body flattened dorsoventrally, the eyes on the upper …
Ray (film) - Wikipedia
Ray Charles Robinson is raised in poverty in Florida by his mother, Aretha. Learning to play piano at an early age, Ray is haunted by the accidental death of his younger brother George, who …
Ray (2004) - IMDb
Oct 29, 2004 · The story of the life and career of the legendary rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles, from his humble beginnings in the South, where he went blind at age seven, to his …
Ray - YouTube
Jamie Foxx stars as the one-of-a-kind innovator of soul, Ray Charles, who overcame impossible odds and humble beginnings to become an extraordinary music leg...
Ray (2004) - Plot - IMDb
Born on a sharecropping plantation in northern Florida, Ray Charles (played by Jamie Foxx) went blind at seven. Inspired by a fiercely independent mom who insisted he make his own way, He …
Welcome to Ray! — Ray 2.47.0
Welcome to Ray! — Ray 2.47.0. An open source framework to build and scale your ML and Python applications easily. Scale the entire ML pipeline from data ingest to model serving with …
Ray streaming: where to watch movie online? - JustWatch
Find out how and where to watch "Ray" online on Netflix, Prime Video, and Disney+ today – including 4K and free options.
Ray - Rotten Tomatoes
Legendary soul musician Ray Charles is portrayed by Jamie Foxx in this Oscar-winning biopic. Young Ray watches his 7-year-old brother drown at age seven. When he loses his sight at...
Watch Ray | Prime Video - amazon.com
Ray is the triumphant and remarkable story of one of America's true musical geniuses, Ray Charles (Jamie Foxx), from his humble beginnings in the South through his meteoric rise to …
Ray - The Only Browser Built For Gaming
Ray is the first browser built specifically for web gaming. Unlike Chrome or OperaGX, Ray lets you instantly discover and play top browser games through a dedicated portal—no installs, no …
RAY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of RAY is any of an order (Rajiformes) of usually marine cartilaginous fishes (such as stingrays and skates) having the body flattened dorsoventrally, the eyes on the upper …
