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| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics Robert Zwanzig, 2001-04-19 This is a presentation of the main ideas and methods of modern nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It is the perfect introduction for anyone in chemistry or physics who needs an update or background in this time-dependent field. Topics covered include fluctuation-dissipation theorem; linear response theory; time correlation functions, and projection operators. Theoretical models are illustrated by real-world examples and numerous applications such as chemical reaction rates and spectral line shapes are covered. The mathematical treatments are detailed and easily understandable and the appendices include useful mathematical methods like the Laplace transforms, Gaussian random variables and phenomenological transport equations. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics Robert Zwanzig, 2001 |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics Robert Zwanzig, 2023 Presenting the main principles and methods of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, this text is for graduate students and scientists who are interested in the more complex field of time-dependent nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Statistical Thermodynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes Joel Keizer, 1987-07-21 The structure of the theory ofthermodynamics has changed enormously since its inception in the middle of the nineteenth century. Shortly after Thomson and Clausius enunciated their versions of the Second Law, Clausius, Maxwell, and Boltzmann began actively pursuing the molecular basis of thermo dynamics, work that culminated in the Boltzmann equation and the theory of transport processes in dilute gases. Much later, Onsager undertook the elucidation of the symmetry oftransport coefficients and, thereby, established himself as the father of the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Com bining the statistical ideas of Gibbs and Langevin with the phenomenological transport equations, Onsager and others went on to develop a consistent statistical theory of irreversible processes. The power of that theory is in its ability to relate measurable quantities, such as transport coefficients and thermodynamic derivatives, to the results of experimental measurements. As powerful as that theory is, it is linear and limited in validity to a neighborhood of equilibrium. In recent years it has been possible to extend the statistical theory of nonequilibrium processes to include nonlinear effects. The modern theory, as expounded in this book, is applicable to a wide variety of systems both close to and far from equilibrium. The theory is based on the notion of elementary molecular processes, which manifest themselves as random changes in the extensive variables characterizing a system. The theory has a hierarchical character and, thus, can be applied at various levels of molecular detail. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Liquids Denis J. Evans, Gary P. Morriss, 2007-08-01 There is a symbiotic relationship between theoretical nonequilibrium statistical mechanics on the one hand and the theory and practice of computer simulation on the other. Sometimes, the initiative for progress has been with the pragmatic requirements of computer simulation and at other times, the initiative has been with the fundamental theory of nonequilibrium processes. This book summarises progress in this field up to 1990--Publisher's description. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics Roberto Livi, Paolo Politi, 2017-10-05 A comprehensive and pedagogical text on nonequilibrium statistical physics, covering topics from random walks to pattern formation. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Systems Far from Equilibrium Luis Garrido, 1980 |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Single Molecule Science Dmitrii E. Makarov, 2015-06-09 The observation and manipulation of individual molecules is one of the most exciting developments in modern molecular science. Single Molecule Science: Physical Principles and Models provides an introduction to the mathematical tools and physical theories needed to understand, explain, and model single-molecule observations. This book explains the |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: 75 Years of Mathematics of Computation Susanne C. Brenner, Igor E. Shparlinski, Chi-Wang Shu, Daniel Szyld, 2020-07-29 The year 2018 marked the 75th anniversary of the founding of Mathematics of Computation, one of the four primary research journals published by the American Mathematical Society and the oldest research journal devoted to computational mathematics. To celebrate this milestone, the symposium “Celebrating 75 Years of Mathematics of Computation” was held from November 1–3, 2018, at the Institute for Computational and Experimental Research in Mathematics (ICERM), Providence, Rhode Island. The sixteen papers in this volume, written by the symposium speakers and editors of the journal, include both survey articles and new contributions. On the discrete side, there are four papers covering topics in computational number theory and computational algebra. On the continuous side, there are twelve papers covering topics in machine learning, high dimensional approximations, nonlocal and fractional elliptic problems, gradient flows, hyperbolic conservation laws, Maxwell's equations, Stokes's equations, a posteriori error estimation, and iterative methods. Together they provide a snapshot of significant achievements in the past quarter century in computational mathematics and also in important current trends. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Beyond Recognition Le Minh-Ha, 2024-05-06 This thesis addresses the need to balance the use of facial recognition systems with the need to protect personal privacy in machine learning and biometric identification. As advances in deep learning accelerate their evolution, facial recognition systems enhance security capabilities, but also risk invading personal privacy. Our research identifies and addresses critical vulnerabilities inherent in facial recognition systems, and proposes innovative privacy-enhancing technologies that anonymize facial data while maintaining its utility for legitimate applications. Our investigation centers on the development of methodologies and frameworks that achieve k-anonymity in facial datasets; leverage identity disentanglement to facilitate anonymization; exploit the vulnerabilities of facial recognition systems to underscore their limitations; and implement practical defenses against unauthorized recognition systems. We introduce novel contributions such as AnonFACES, StyleID, IdDecoder, StyleAdv, and DiffPrivate, each designed to protect facial privacy through advanced adversarial machine learning techniques and generative models. These solutions not only demonstrate the feasibility of protecting facial privacy in an increasingly surveilled world, but also highlight the ongoing need for robust countermeasures against the ever-evolving capabilities of facial recognition technology. Continuous innovation in privacy-enhancing technologies is required to safeguard individuals from the pervasive reach of digital surveillance and protect their fundamental right to privacy. By providing open-source, publicly available tools, and frameworks, this thesis contributes to the collective effort to ensure that advancements in facial recognition serve the public good without compromising individual rights. Our multi-disciplinary approach bridges the gap between biometric systems, adversarial machine learning, and generative modeling to pave the way for future research in the domain and support AI innovation where technological advancement and privacy are balanced. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Predictive Statistical Mechanics Roberto Luzzi, Áurea R. Vasconcellos, J. Galvão Ramos, 2013-06-29 Chapters 1 to 5 include a description of the philosophy, foundations, and construction (methodology) of the formalism, including the derivation of a nonequilibrium grand-canonical ensemble for far-from-equilibrium systems as well as the derivation of a quantum nonlinear kinetic theory and a response function theory together with a theory of scattering. In chapter 6 applications of the theory are cataloged, making comparisons with experimental data (a basic step for the validation of any theory). Chapter 7 is devoted to the description of irreversible thermodynamics, providing a far-reaching generalization of Informational-Statistical Thermodynamics. The last chapter gives an overall picture of the formalism, and questions and criticisms related to it are discussed. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Statistical Mechanics Peter S Riseborough, 2020-10-20 The book is aimed at undergraduate students in their senior year and first year graduate students. It elucidates the basis of thermodynamics and provides a basis for the understanding of, not only the thermodynamic properties of a microscopic system, but also their fluctuations, correlations and close-to-equilibrium properties. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Statistical Thermodynamics and Stochastic Theory of Nonequilibrium Systems Werner Ebeling, Igor M. Sokolov, 2005 This book presents both the fundamentals and the major research topics in statistical physics of systems out of equilibrium. It summarizes different approaches to describe such systems on the thermodynamic and stochastic levels, and discusses a variety of areas including reactions, anomalous kinetics, and the behavior of self-propelling particles. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Statistical Thermodynamics And Stochastic Theory Of Nonequilibrium Systems Werner Ebeling, Igor Sokolov, 2005-09-23 This book presents both the fundamentals and the major research topics in statistical physics of systems out of equilibrium. It summarizes different approaches to describe such systems on the thermodynamic and stochastic levels, and discusses a variety of areas including reactions, anomalous kinetics, and the behavior of self-propelling particles. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Molecular Networking Caroline Desgranges, Jerome Delhommelle, 2024-01-29 The book builds on the analogy between social groups and assemblies of molecules to introduce the concepts of statistical mechanics, machine learning and data science. Applying a data analytics approach to molecular systems, we show how individual (molecular) features and interactions between molecules, or communication processes, allow for the prediction of properties and collective behavior of molecular systems - just as polling and social networking shed light on the behavior of social groups. Applications to systems at the cutting-edge of research for biological, environmental, and energy applications are also presented. Key features: Draws on a data analytics approach of molecular systems Covers hot topics such as artificial intelligence and machine learning of molecular trends Contains applications to systems at the cutting-edge of research for biological, environmental and energy applications Discusses molecular simulation and links with other important, emerging techniques and trends in computational sciences and society Authors have a well-established track record and reputation in the field |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Nonlinear Fokker-Planck Equations T.D. Frank, 2005-12-08 Centered around the natural phenomena of relaxations and fluctuations, this monograph provides readers with a solid foundation in the linear and nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations that describe the evolution of distribution functions. It emphasizes principles and notions of the theory (e.g. self-organization, stochastic feedback, free energy, and Markov processes), while also illustrating the wide applicability (e.g. collective behavior, multistability, front dynamics, and quantum particle distribution). The focus is on relaxation processes in homogeneous many-body systems describable by nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations. Also treated are Langevin equations and correlation functions. Since these phenomena are exhibited by a diverse spectrum of systems, examples and applications span the fields of physics, biology and neurophysics, mathematics, psychology, and biomechanics. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics Biman Bagchi, 2023-11-21 1) Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics: An Introduction with Applications aims to develop a course on “Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics” (NEQ-SM) in such a manner that it can be taught to advanced graduates and researchers. 2) Despite its great importance, there have also been fewer books on Time Dependent Statistical Mechanics (TDSM) than that of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics. This book will be a rather systematic book to help the PhD student and research community. The book can be taught to advanced MS students and PhD students during their PhD course work 3) The present book is more elementary with examples taken from chemistry and biology |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics David Chandler, 1987 Lectures on elementary statistical mechanics, taught at the University of Illinois and at the University of Pennsylvania. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Mathematical Physics 2000 A. S. Fokas, 2000-01-01 Mathematical physics has made enormous strides over the past few decades, with the emergence of many new disciplines and with revolutionary advances in old disciplines. One of the especially interesting features is the link between developments in mathematical physics and in pure mathematics. Many of the exciting advances in mathematics owe their origin to mathematical physics -- superstring theory, for example, has led to remarkable progress in geometry -- while very pure mathematics, such as number theory, has found unexpected applications. The beginning of a new millennium is an appropriate time to survey the present state of the field and look forward to likely advances in the future. In this book, leading experts give personal views on their subjects and on the wider field of mathematical physics. The topics covered range widely over the whole field, from quantum field theory to turbulence, from the classical three-body problem to non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Elements of Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics V. Balakrishnan, 2021-12-05 This book deals with the basic principles and techniques of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The importance of this subject is growing rapidly in view of the advances being made, both experimentally and theoretically, in statistical physics, chemical physics, biological physics, complex systems and several other areas. The presentation of topics is quite self-contained, and the choice of topics enables the student to form a coherent picture of the subject. The approach is unique in that classical mechanical formulation takes center stage. The book is of particular interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in engineering departments. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Electronic Transport Theories Navinder Singh, 2016-11-17 Maintaining a practical perspective, Electronic Transport Theories: From Weakly to Strongly Correlated Materials provides an integrative overview and comprehensive coverage of electronic transport with pedagogy in view. It covers traditional theories, such as the Boltzmann transport equation and the Kubo formula, along with recent theories of transport in strongly correlated materials. The understood case of electronic transport in metals is treated first, and then transport issues in strange metals are reviewed. Topics discussed are: the Drude-Lorentz theory; the traditional Bloch-Boltzmann theory and the Grüneisen formula; the Nyquist theorem and its formulation by Callen and Welton; the Kubo formalism; the Langevin equation approach; the Wölfle-Götze memory function formalism; the Kohn-Luttinger theory of transport; and some recent theories dealing with strange metals. This book is an invaluable resource for undergraduate students, post-graduate students, and researchers with a background in quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and mathematical methods. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Fundamentals of Inhomogeneous Fluids Douglas Henderson, 2021-12-17 A monograph examining recent progress in the field of inhomogeneous fluids, focusing on the theoretical - as well as experimental - techniques used. It presents the comprehensive theory of first-order phase transitions, including melting, and contains numerous figures, tables and display equations.;The contributors treat such subjects as: exact sum rules for inhomogenous fluids, explaining density functional and integral equation methods; exact solutions for two-dimensional homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas; current advances in the theory of interfacial electrochemistry; wetting experiments and the theory of wetting; freezing, with an emphasis on quantum systems and homogeneous nucleation in liquid-vapour and solid-liquid transitions; self-organizing liquids as well as kinetic phenomena in inhomogeneous fluids, using a modified Enskog theory.;Featuring over 1000 bibliographic citations, this volume is aimed at physical, surface, colloid and surfactant chemists; also physicists, electrochemists and graduate-level students in these disciplines. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Billy D. Todd, Peter J. Daivis, 2017-03-10 This coherent collection of theory, algorithms, and illustrative results presents the field of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics in detail. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Generalized van der Waals Theory of Molecular Fluids in Bulk and at Surfaces Sture Nordholm, Jan Forsman, Cliff Woodward, Ben Freasier, Zareen Abbas, Robert Penfold, 2018-09-07 Generalized van der Waals Theory of Molecular Fluids in Bulk and at Surfaces presents successful research on the development of a new density theory of fluids that makes it possible to understand and predict a wide range of properties and phenomena. The book brings together recent advances relating to the Generalized van der Waals Theory and its use in fluid property calculations. The mathematics presentation is oriented to an audience of varying backgrounds, and readers will find exercises that can be used as a textbook for a course at the upper undergraduate or graduate level in physics or chemistry. In addition, it is ideal for scientists from other areas, such as geophysics, oceanography and molecular biology who are interested in learning about, and understanding, molecular fluids. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Elementary Statistical Physics Charles Kittel, 2012-04-26 Graduate-level text covers properties of the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distributions; the interrelated subjects of fluctuations, thermal noise, and Brownian movement; and the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. 1958 edition. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Kinetics of Phase Transitions Sanjay Puri, Vinod Wadhawan, 2009-03-24 Providing a comprehensive introduction with the necessary background material to make it accessible for a wide scientific audience, Kinetics of Phase Transitions discusses developments in domain-growth kinetics. This book combines pedagogical chapters from leading experts in this area and focuses on incorporating various experimentally releva |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Open Quantum Systems Subhashish Banerjee, 2018-11-01 This book discusses the elementary ideas and tools needed for open quantum systems in a comprehensive manner. The emphasis is given to both the traditional master equation as well as the functional (path) integral approaches. It discusses the basic paradigm of open systems, the harmonic oscillator and the two-level system in detail. The traditional topics of dissipation and tunneling, as well as the modern field of quantum information, find a prominent place in the book. Assuming a basic background of quantum and statistical mechanics, this book will help readers familiarize with the basic tools of open quantum systems. Open quantum systems is the study of quantum dynamics of the system of interest, taking into account the effects of the ambient environment. It is ubiquitous in the sense that any system could be envisaged to be surrounded by its environment which could naturally exert its influence on it. Open quantum systems allows for a systematic understanding of irreversible processes such as decoherence and dissipation, of the essence in order to have a correct understanding of realistic quantum dynamics and also for possible implementations. This would be essential for a possible development of quantum technologies. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Statistical Analysis of Single Molecule Experiments Christopher Alex Simon, 2011 |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Equilibrium Statistical Physics Michael Plischke, Birger Bergersen, 1994 This textbook concentrates on modern topics in statistical physics with an emphasis on strongly interacting condensed matter systems. The book is self-contained and is suitable for beginning graduate students in physics and materials science or undergraduates who have taken an introductory course in statistical mechanics. Phase transitions and critical phenomena are discussed in detail including mean field and Landau theories and the renormalization group approach. The theories are applied to a number of interesting systems such as magnets, liquid crystals, polymers, membranes, interacting Bose and Fermi fluids; disordered systems, percolation and spin of equilibrium concepts are also discussed. Computer simulations of condensed matter systems by Monte Carlo-based and molecular dynamics methods are treated. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Water in Biological and Chemical Processes Biman Bagchi, 2013-11-14 A unified overview of the dynamical properties of water and its unique and diverse role in biological and chemical processes. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Dynamic Light Scattering R. Pecora, 2013-11-11 In the twenty years since their inception, modern dynamic light-scattering techniques have become increasingly sophisticated, and their applications have grown exceedingly diverse. Applications of the techniques to problems in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and fluid mechanics have prolifer ated. It is probably no longer possible for one or two authors to write a monograph to cover in depth the advances in scattering techniques and the main areas in which they have made a major impact. This volume, which we expect to be the first of aseries, presents reviews of selected specialized areas by renowned experts. It makes no attempt to be comprehensive; it emphasizes a body of related applications to polymeric, biological, and colloidal systems, and to critical phenomena. The well-known monographs on dynamic light scattering by Berne and Pecora and by Chu were published almost ten years ago. They provided comprehensive treatments of the general principles of dynamic light scat tering and gave introductions to a wide variety of applications, but natu rally they could not treat the new applications and advances in older ones that have arisen in the last decade. The new applications include studies of interacting particles in solution (Chapter 4); scaling approaches to the dynamics of polymers, including polymers in semidilute solution (Chapter 5); the use of both Fabry-Perot interferometry and photon correlation spectroscopy to study bulk polymers (Chapter 6); studies of micelIes and microemulsions (Chapter 8); studies of polymer gels (Chapter 9). |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: An Introduction to Chaos in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics J. R. Dorfman, 1999-08-28 This book is an introduction to the applications in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of chaotic dynamics, and also to the use of techniques in statistical mechanics important for an understanding of the chaotic behaviour of fluid systems. The fundamental concepts of dynamical systems theory are reviewed and simple examples are given. Advanced topics including SRB and Gibbs measures, unstable periodic orbit expansions, and applications to billiard-ball systems, are then explained. The text emphasises the connections between transport coefficients, needed to describe macroscopic properties of fluid flows, and quantities, such as Lyapunov exponents and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropies, which describe the microscopic, chaotic behaviour of the fluid. Later chapters consider the roles of the expanding and contracting manifolds of hyperbolic dynamical systems and the large number of particles in macroscopic systems. Exercises, detailed references and suggestions for further reading are included. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Lectures in Statistical Physics R. Balescu, J. L. Lebowitz, I. Prigogine, P. Resibois, Z. Salsburg, 1971-01-01 |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Quantum Gravity Carlo Rovelli, 2007-11-29 Quantum gravity is perhaps the most important open problem in fundamental physics. It is the problem of merging quantum mechanics and general relativity, the two great conceptual revolutions in the physics of the twentieth century. The loop and spinfoam approach, presented in this 2004 book, is one of the leading research programs in the field. The first part of the book discusses the reformulation of the basis of classical and quantum Hamiltonian physics required by general relativity. The second part covers the basic technical research directions. Appendices include a detailed history of the subject of quantum gravity, hard-to-find mathematical material, and a discussion of some philosophical issues raised by the subject. This fascinating text is ideal for graduate students entering the field, as well as researchers already working in quantum gravity. It will also appeal to philosophers and other scholars interested in the nature of space and time. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Statistical Mechanics and Stochastic Thermodynamics David T. Limmer, 2024-09-11 The theory of statistical mechanics is the best link we have between the imperceptible world of atoms and molecules and our common macroscopic experience. This textbook provides the fundamental rules and relationships of statistical mechanics. Through it, students will learn how to deduce the properties of materials from an underlying understanding of the behaviour of its constituent building blocks. The textbook covers the basics of systems at rest, as well as those directly manipulated. The former, also known as equilibrium statistical mechanics, is reviewed in the context of recent results in probability theory, with emphasis on solvation phenomena and phase transitions. The latter, nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, has seen tremendous advancement in the last few years, and is integrated into a textbook for the first time. These latter chapters emphasize rates of rare events like chemical reactions as well as single molecule experiments. Throughout the book, distinctions between heat and work, as well as notions of trajectory ensembles reflect the incorporation of stochastic thermodynamics into the modern language of statistical mechanics. Ideas of scaling, the concentration of measures, and generalized theories of ensemble equivalence represent the important contribution of the mathematics of large deviations. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Statistical Foundations of Irreversible Thermodynamics Roberto Luzzi, Aurea R. Vasconcellos, J. Galvao Ramos, 2013-04-17 Thermodynamics is considered to be an offshoot of the Industrial Revo lution that began in England in the second half of the 18th Century and from there spread to other parts of the world. The word thermodynamics is derived from the Greek therme (meaning heat) and dynamis (meaning force). As well known, the origins of thermodynamics are founded in the early 19th century in the study of the motive power of heat; that is, the capability of hot bodies to produce mechanical work. However, there are of course precursors to these ideas: Temperature is probably the earliest thermodynamic concept to attain operational status (early in the 17th century with Galileo). The science of calorimetry beginning in the late 18th century (contemporary with the beginning of the Indus trial Revolution) led to the establishment of the caloric theory of heat [5]. Clausius in the second half of the 19th century established Thermody namics as a clearly defined science. The connection of Thermodynamics with Mechanics is first achieved through kinetic theory with the work of D. Bernouilli, J Herapath, ]. ]. Waterston, R. Clausius, ]. c. Maxwell, and finally L. Boltzmann, later through Statistical Mechanics, whose main purpose is to determine the thermodynamic properties and values of macroscopic observables in terms of the dynamical laws that govern the motion of the constitutive particles of the system. It is not easy to estab lish precisely the dates of the birth of Statistical Mechanics. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Theory of Porous Media Reint de Boer, 2012-12-06 Porous media theories play an important role in many branches of engineering, including material science, the petroleum industry, chemical engineering, and soil mechanics, as well as biomechanics. This book offers a consistent treatment of the material-independent fundamental equations of the theory of porous media, formulates constitutive equations for frictional materials in the elastic and plastic range, and traces the historical development of porous media theory. Thus, for the first time, a unique treatment of fluid-saturated porous solids is presented. The corresponding theory is explained by its historical progression, and its current state is thoroughly described. |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: Progress of Theoretical Physics , 1979 |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: 針刺麻醉的物理模型理論 倪祖偉, 2024-01-16 在神經系統中傳遞的神經信號為由神經細胞（神經元）產生和傳導的「動作電位」（尖峰或脈衝）。基於神經元組織膜內電滲現象的基本電動力學理論，本書作者研究了神經元組織膜的導電特性；研發了動作電位產生和傳遞的基本物理模型。 建立了一個能夠解釋針刺麻醉機制的基本物理模型。 假設刺針的針頭是圓形的完美導電金屬球體，靜電理論推導出穴位神經元膜外區因針刺而增加的密度，因而提高穴位神經元組織膜內的電荷密度。對應疼痛動作電位信號，可產生反動作電位，反射回大腦。從而調降傳向大腦中的動作電位信號，產生減弱疼痛壓力的效果。針刺將與楓木相似的穴位電導率增大至與蒸餾水相似，產生降低疼痛信號壓力強度99%的效果。此模擬結果清楚地表明針刺麻醉可行性的基本物理。 本書的新模型數學簡單、物理觀念清晰，為一方便使用的模型。將可以為未來的針灸科學研發計劃提供所需的基礎科學背景。 |
| robert zwanzig nonequilibrium statistical mechanics: 神經信號生成和傳導的物理模型理論 倪祖偉, 2023-06-01 在神經系統中傳遞的神經信號為由神經細胞（神經元）產生和傳導的「動作電位」（尖峰或脈衝）。為神經細胞的電導和動作電位開發一種新的物理模型，是本書的主要目標。本書的新微觀隨機統計物理模型理論使用簡單的一維模型，推導了瞬態電導率，研究了神經元組織膜的導電特性，並成功應用來解釋和理解現有的實驗測量數據。 電滲（Electroosmosis）是帶電液體在電場的影響下，從多孔材料或生物膜中流出或穿過的移動現象。1974年本書作者推導了電滲的基本黏性離子電動力學方程式。離子擴散電流得到了很好的理解，作為該理論的自然應用，研究了神經元組織膜的導電特性。研發了動作電位產生的新基本物理模型。 本書的新模型數學簡單，物理觀念清晰，為一方便使用的模型。將可以為未來的神經科學研發計畫提供所需的基礎科學背景。 |
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