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| rohit de a people's constitution: A People's Constitution Rohit De, 2020-08-04 It has long been contended that the Indian Constitution of 1950, a document in English created by elite consensus, has had little influence on India’s greater population. Drawing upon the previously unexplored records of the Supreme Court of India, A People’s Constitution upends this narrative and shows how the Constitution actually transformed the daily lives of citizens in profound and lasting ways. This remarkable legal process was led by individuals on the margins of society, and Rohit De looks at how drinkers, smugglers, petty vendors, butchers, and prostitutes—all despised minorities—shaped the constitutional culture. The Constitution came alive in the popular imagination so much that ordinary people attributed meaning to its existence, took recourse to it, and argued with it. Focusing on the use of constitutional remedies by citizens against new state regulations seeking to reshape the society and economy, De illustrates how laws and policies were frequently undone or renegotiated from below using the state’s own procedures. De examines four important cases that set legal precedents: a Parsi journalist’s contestation of new alcohol prohibition laws, Marwari petty traders’ challenge to the system of commodity control, Muslim butchers’ petition against cow protection laws, and sex workers’ battle to protect their right to practice prostitution. Exploring how the Indian Constitution of 1950 enfranchised the largest population in the world, A People’s Constitution considers the ways that ordinary citizens produced, through litigation, alternative ethical models of citizenship. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: A People's Constitution Rohit De, 2018-11-27 It has long been contended that the Indian Constitution of 1950, a document in English created by elite consensus, has had little influence on India’s greater population. Drawing upon the previously unexplored records of the Supreme Court of India, A People’s Constitution upends this narrative and shows how the Constitution actually transformed the daily lives of citizens in profound and lasting ways. This remarkable legal process was led by individuals on the margins of society, and Rohit De looks at how drinkers, smugglers, petty vendors, butchers, and prostitutes—all despised minorities—shaped the constitutional culture. The Constitution came alive in the popular imagination so much that ordinary people attributed meaning to its existence, took recourse to it, and argued with it. Focusing on the use of constitutional remedies by citizens against new state regulations seeking to reshape the society and economy, De illustrates how laws and policies were frequently undone or renegotiated from below using the state’s own procedures. De examines four important cases that set legal precedents: a Parsi journalist’s contestation of new alcohol prohibition laws, Marwari petty traders’ challenge to the system of commodity control, Muslim butchers’ petition against cow protection laws, and sex workers’ battle to protect their right to practice prostitution. Exploring how the Indian Constitution of 1950 enfranchised the largest population in the world, A People’s Constitution considers the ways that ordinary citizens produced, through litigation, alternative ethical models of citizenship. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: India′s Founding Moment Madhav Khosla, 2025-02-11 |
| rohit de a people's constitution: The Transformative Constitution Gautam Bhatia, 2021 We think of the Indian Constitution as a founding document, embodying a moment of profound transformation from being ruled to becoming a nation of free and equal citizenship. Yet the working of the Constitution over the last seven decades has often failed to fulfill that transformative promise. Not only have successive Parliaments failed to repeal colonial-era laws that are inconsistent with the principles of the Constitution, but constitutional challenges to these laws have also failed before the courts. Indeed, in numerous cases, the Supreme Court has used colonial-era laws to cut down or weaken the fundamental rights. The Transformative Constitution by Gautam Bhatia draws on pre-Independence legal and political history to argue that the Constitution was intended to transform not merely the political status of Indians from subjects to citizens, but also the social relationships on which legal and political structures rested. He advances a novel vision of the Constitution, and of constitutional interpretation, which is faithful to its text, structure and history, and above all to its overarching commitment to political and social transformation.--Publisher's website. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Courting the People Anuj Bhuwania, 2017-01-16 Studies the politics of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in contemporary India--Provided by publisher. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: How India Became Democratic Ornit Shani, 2017-12-07 How India Became Democratic explores the greatest experiment in democratic human history. It tells the untold story of the preparation of the electoral roll on the basis of universal adult franchise in the world's largest democracy. Ornit Shani offers a new view of the institutionalisation of democracy in India, and of the way democracy captured the political imagination of its diverse peoples. Turning all adult Indians into voters against the backdrop of the partition of India and Pakistan, and in anticipation of the drawing up of a constitution, was a staggering task. Indians became voters before they were citizens - by the time the constitution came into force in 1950, the abstract notion of universal franchise and electoral democracy were already grounded. Drawing on rich archival materials, Shani shows how the Indian people were a driving force in the making of democratic citizenship as they struggled for their voting rights. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Offend, Shock, or Disturb Gautam Bhatia, 2016-01-14 Offend, Shock, or Disturb is a comprehensive examination of free speech under the Indian Constitution. It explores Indian free speech jurisprudence from a doctrinal, comparative, and philosophical perspective. Taking as its point of departure the constitutional guarantee of the freedom of speech and expression—Articles 19(1)(a) and 19(2) of the Constitution of India—the book discusses, clause by clause, the development of law from colonial times to present-day controversies. Issues relating to public order, sedition, obscenity and pornography, hate speech, film and online censorship, privacy and defamation, the contempt of court, the nature of speech and the relationship between free speech and economic structure, and the inter-relationships between them have been comprehensively examined. As free speech campaigns gain intensity by the day, the book presents the myriad understandings and limitations of the free speech law, and suggests possible pathways for the future. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Ambedkar's Preamble Aakash Singh Rathore, 2022-06 |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Tools of Justice Kalpana Kannabiran, 2013-02-01 In the years since independence, the Indian subcontinent has witnessed an alarming rise in violence against marginalized communities, with an increasing number of groups pushed to the margins of the democratic order. Against this background of violence, injustice and the abuse of rights, this book explores the critical, ‘insurgent’ possibilities of constitutionalism as a means of revitalising the concepts of non-discrimination and liberty, and of reimagining democratic citizenship. The book argues that the breaking down of discrimination in constitutional interpretation and the narrowing of the field of liberty in law deepen discriminatory ideologies and practices. Instead, it offers an intersectional approach to jurisprudence as a means of enabling the law to address the problem of discrimination along multiple, intersecting axes. The argument is developed in the context of the various grounds of discrimination mentioned in the constitution — caste, tribe, religious minorities, women, sexual minorities, and disability. The study draws on a rich body of materials, including official reports, case law and historical records, and uses insights from social theory, anthropology, literary and historical studies and constitutional jurisprudence to offer a new reading of non-discrimination. This book will be useful to those interested in law, sociology, gender studies, politics, constitutionalism, disability studies, human rights, social exclusion, etc. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: A Fine Balance Rohinton Mistry, 2010-10-29 A Fine Balance, Rohinton Mistry’s stunning internationally acclaimed bestseller, is set in mid-1970s India. It tells the story of four unlikely people whose lives come together during a time of political turmoil soon after the government declares a “State of Internal Emergency.” Through days of bleakness and hope, their circumstances – and their fates – become inextricably linked in ways no one could have foreseen. Mistry’s prose is alive with enduring images and a cast of unforgettable characters. Written with compassion, humour, and insight, A Fine Balance is a vivid, richly textured, and powerful novel written by one of the most gifted writers of our time. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Police Matters Radha Kumar, 2021 A history of the entwinement of everyday police and caste authority in the colonial and postcolonial Tamil countryside in twentieth-century south India-- |
| rohit de a people's constitution: WHY INDIAN CELEBRATE REPUBLIC DAY ? S P Sharma , 2021-01-20 Contents 1. What is Republic Day of India? 2. What is Republic? 3. Republics that are not democratic 4. Many countries of South America Democracies that are not republics 5. Indian Government 6. Tradition of Republics in the West 7. History of The Republic of India 8. Chief guests in republic day parade 9. Some important information What is Republic Day of India? Republic Day is a national festival of India which is celebrated on 26 January every year. The Constitution of India was enacted on the same day in 1950 by removing the Government of India Act (Act) (1935). The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 to become an independent republic and to establish the rule of law in the country and was implemented on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system. 26 January was chosen because it was on this day in 1930 that the Indian National Congress (INC) declared India a complete Swaraj. It is one of the three national holidays of India, the other two being Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti What is Republic? A republic or republic (Latin: race publica) is a form of government in which the country is considered a public matter, not a private institution or property of rulers. The primary positions of power within a republic are not inherited. It is a form of government under which the head of the state does not have a king. The definition of a Republic in particular refers to a form of government in which individuals represent a civil body and exercise power according to the rule of law under a constitution, and which includes the separation of powers with the head of the elected state. Happens, and the state of which refers to the constitutional state or representative democracy. As of 2017, 159 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word republic as part of their official name - not all these republics by the meaning of elected governments, nor republic in the names of all nations with elected governments. The term is used. Even though state heads often claim that they govern only with the consent of the governed, the election in some countries is more of a show for the real purpose of providing citizens with the real ability to choose their own leaders. Has been found A republic (from Sanskrit; gana: public, state: princely state / country) is a country where in the government of the principle, any person from the general public can occupy the highest post of the country. Such a regime is called a republic (Sanskrit; gana: whole public, tantra: system; system controlled by the masses). Democracy or democracy is different from this. A democracy is a democracy where the rule is actually run by the will of the general public or its majority. Today most countries of the world are republics and along with it democratic. India is itself a democratic republic. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Active Defense M. Taylor Fravel, 2019-04-23 What changes in China’s modern military policy reveal about military organizations and strategy Since the 1949 Communist Revolution, China has devised nine different military strategies, which the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) calls “strategic guidelines.” What accounts for these numerous changes? Active Defense offers the first systematic look at China’s military strategy from the mid-twentieth century to today. Exploring the range and intensity of threats that China has faced, M. Taylor Fravel illuminates the nation’s past and present military goals and how China sought to achieve them, and offers a rich set of cases for deepening the study of change in military organizations. Drawing from diverse Chinese-language sources, including memoirs of leading generals, military histories, and document collections that have become available only in the last two decades, Fravel shows why transformations in military strategy were pursued at certain times and not others. He focuses on the military strategies adopted in 1956, 1980, and 1993—when the PLA was attempting to wage war in a new kind of way—to show that China has pursued major change in its strategic guidelines when there has been a significant shift in the conduct of warfare in the international system and when China’s Communist Party has been united. Delving into the security threats China has faced over the last seven decades, Active Defense offers a detailed investigation into how and why states alter their defense policies. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution Sujit Choudhry, Madhav Khosla, Pratap Bhanu Mehta, 2016-05-03 The Indian Constitution is one of the world's longest and most important political texts. Its birth, over six decades ago, signalled the arrival of the first major post-colonial constitution and the world's largest and arguably most daring democratic experiment. Apart from greater domestic focus on the Constitution and the institutional role of the Supreme Court within India's democratic framework, recent years have also witnessed enormous comparative interest in India's constitutional experiment. The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution is a wide-ranging, analytical reflection on the major themes and debates that surround India's Constitution. The Handbook provides a comprehensive account of the developments and doctrinal features of India's Constitution, as well as articulating frameworks and methodological approaches through which studies of Indian constitutionalism, and constitutionalism more generally, might proceed. Its contributions range from rigorous, legal studies of provisions within the text to reflections upon historical trends and social practices. As such the Handbook is an essential reference point not merely for Indian and comparative constitutional scholars, but for students of Indian democracy more generally. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Indian Constitution Bidyut Chakrabarty, 2017 |
| rohit de a people's constitution: V.N. Shukla's Constitution of India Vijaya Narain Shukla, Mahendra Pal Singh, 2001 |
| rohit de a people's constitution: The War of Don Emmanuel's Nether Parts Louis de Bernieres, 2012-06-20 This rambunctious first novel by the author of the bestselling Corelli's Mandolin is set in an impoverished, violent, yet ravishingly beautiful country somewhere in South America. When the haughty Dona Constanza decides to divert a river to fill her swimming pool, the consequences are at once tragic, heroic, and outrageously funny. Walks a precarious edge between slapstick and pathos, never once losing its balance.--Washington Post Book World. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Violent Fraternity Shruti Kapila, 2021-11-02 A groundbreaking history of the political ideas that made modern India Violent Fraternity is a major history of the political thought that laid the foundations of modern India. Taking readers from the dawn of the twentieth century to the independence of India and formation of Pakistan in 1947, the book is a testament to the power of ideas to drive historical transformation. Shruti Kapila sheds new light on leading figures such as M. K. Gandhi, Muhammad Iqbal, B. R. Ambedkar, and Vinayak Savarkar, the founder of Hindutva, showing how they were innovative political thinkers as well as influential political actors. She also examines lesser-known figures who contributed to the making of a new canon of political thought, such as B. G. Tilak, considered by Lenin to be the fountainhead of revolution in Asia, and Sardar Patel, India's first deputy prime minister. Kapila argues that it was in India that modern political languages were remade through a revolution that defied fidelity to any exclusive ideology. The book shows how the foundational questions of politics were addressed in the shadow of imperialism to create both a sovereign India and the world's first avowedly Muslim nation, Pakistan. Fraternity was lost only to be found again in violence as the Indian age signaled the emergence of intimate enmity. A compelling work of scholarship, Violent Fraternity demonstrates why India, with its breathtaking scale and diversity, redefined the nature of political violence for the modern global era. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: The Perils of Interpreting Henrietta Harrison, 2023-10-24 A fascinating history of China’s relations with the West—told through the lives of two eighteenth-century translators The 1793 British embassy to China, which led to Lord George Macartney’s fraught encounter with the Qianlong emperor, has often been viewed as a clash of cultures fueled by the East’s lack of interest in the West. In The Perils of Interpreting, Henrietta Harrison presents a more nuanced picture, ingeniously shifting the historical lens to focus on Macartney’s two interpreters at that meeting—Li Zibiao and George Thomas Staunton. Who were these two men? How did they intervene in the exchanges that they mediated? And what did these exchanges mean for them? From Galway to Chengde, and from political intrigues to personal encounters, Harrison reassesses a pivotal moment in relations between China and Britain. She shows that there were Chinese who were familiar with the West, but growing tensions endangered those who embraced both cultures and would eventually culminate in the Opium Wars. Harrison demonstrates that the Qing court’s ignorance about the British did not simply happen, but was manufactured through the repression of cultural go-betweens like Li and Staunton. She traces Li’s influence as Macartney’s interpreter, the pressures Li faced in China as a result, and his later years in hiding. Staunton interpreted successfully for the British East India Company in Canton, but as Chinese anger grew against British imperial expansion in South Asia, he was compelled to flee to England. Harrison contends that in silencing expert voices, the Qing court missed an opportunity to gain insights that might have prevented a losing conflict with Britain. Uncovering the lives of two overlooked figures, The Perils of Interpreting offers an empathic argument for cross-cultural understanding in a connected world. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: India in the Shadows of Empire Mithi Mukherjee, 2009-11-25 This book explains the postcolonial Indian polity by presenting an alternative historical narrative of the British Empire in India and India's struggle for independence. It pursues this narrative along two major trajectories. On the one hand, it focuses on the role of imperial judicial institutions and practices in the making of both the British Empire and the anti-colonial movement under the Congress, with the lawyer as political leader. On the other hand, it offers a novel interpretation of Gandhi's non-violent resistance movement as being different from the Congress. It shows that the Gandhian movement, as the most powerful force largely responsible for India's independence, was anchored not in western discourses of political and legislative freedom but rather in Indic traditions of renunciative freedom, with the renouncer as leader. This volume offers a comprehensive and new reinterpretation of the Indian Constitution in the light of this historical narrative. The book contends that the British colonial idea of justice and the Gandhian ethos of resistance have been the two competing and conflicting driving forces that have determined the nature and evolution of the Indian polity after independence. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: The Constitution of India Arun K Thiruvengadam, 2017-12-28 This book provides an overview of the content and functioning of the Indian Constitution, with an emphasis on the broader socio-political context. It focuses on the overarching principles and the main institutions of constitutional governance that the world's longest written constitution inaugurated in 1950. The nine chapters of the book deal with specific aspects of the Indian constitutional tradition as it has evolved across seven decades of India's existence as an independent nation. Beginning with the pre-history of the Constitution and its making, the book moves onto an examination of the structural features and actual operation of the Constitution's principal governance institutions. These include the executive and the parliament, the institutions of federalism and local government, and the judiciary. An unusual feature of Indian constitutionalism that is highlighted here is the role played by technocratic institutions such as the Election Commission, the Comptroller and Auditor General, and a set of new regulatory institutions, most of which were created during the 1990s. A considerable portion of the book evaluates issues relating to constitutional rights, directive principles and the constitutional regulation of multiple forms of identity in India. The important issue of constitutional change in India is approached from an atypical perspective. The book employs a narrative form to describe the twists, turns and challenges confronted across nearly seven decades of the working of the constitutional order. It departs from conventional Indian constitutional scholarship in placing less emphasis on constitutional doctrine (as evolved in judicial decisions delivered by the High Courts and the Supreme Court). Instead, the book turns the spotlight on the political bargains and extra-legal developments that have influenced constitutional evolution. Written in accessible prose that avoids undue legal jargon, the book aims at a general audience that is interested in understanding the complex yet fascinating challenges posed by constitutionalism in India. Its unconventional approach to some classic issues will stimulate the more seasoned student of constitutional law and politics. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: How Rights Went Wrong Jamal Greene, 2021 An eminent constitutional scholar reveals how our approach to rights is dividing America, and shows how we can build a better system of justice. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Democracy in America (Volumes 1 and 2, Unabridged) [translated by Henry Reeve with an Introduction by John Bigelow] Alexis De Tocqueville, 2016-09 In 1831, the then twenty-seven year old Alexis de Tocqueville, was sent with Gustave de Beaumont to America by the French Government to study and make a report on the American prison system. Over a period of nine months the two traveled all over America making notes not only on the prison systems but on all aspects of American society and government. From these notes Tocqueville wrote Democracy in America, an exhaustive analysis of the successes and failures of the American form of government, a republican representative democracy. Tocqueville believed that over the past seven hundred years the social and economic conditions of humanity were progressively becoming more equal. The future was, in his opinion, inevitably drawing humanity towards the democratic ideal thus diminishing the power of the aristocracy. Tocqueville's predictions of the changing nature of human civilization seem almost clairvoyant in retrospect. First published in two volumes in 1835 and 1840, Democracy in America remains one of the most important historical documents of America and political analysis of its form of government. This edition is printed on premium acid-free paper, includes both unabridged volumes as translated by Henry Reeve, and an introduction by John Bigelow. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: The Constitution of India Sarbani Sen, 2010 The relationship between constitutionalism and popular sovereignty in the Indian context is the critical focus of this original work in political theory, jurisprudence, and constitutionalism. This book examines fundamental issues about the basic law of the land, the author contending that it is necessary to go beyond viewing democracy merely as the vesting of fundamental authority in institutions of elected representatives. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Sedition in Liberal Democracies Anushka Singh, 2018-02-16 Examining the relationship between sedition and liberal democracies, particularly in India, this book looks at the biography of sedition laws, its contradictory position against free speech, and democratic ethics. Recent sedition cases registered in India show that the law in its wide and diverse deployment was used against agitators in a community-based pro-reservation movement, group of university students for their alleged ‘anti-national’ statements, anti-liquor activists, and anti-nuclear movement, to name a few. Set against its contemporary use, this book has used sedition as a lens to probe the fate of political speech in liberal democracy. The lived reality of the law of sedition in changing anthropological sites is juxtaposed with its positivist existence. Anushka Singh uses a comparative framework keeping in focus the Indian experience backed by fieldwork in Haryana, Maharashtra, and Delhi, and includes a comparative perspective from England, the USA, and Australia to contribute to debates on sedition within liberal democracies at large, especially in the wake of the proliferation of counter-terror legislations. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Australia and India , 2016 |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Public Secrets Nora Roberts, 2009-10-07 New York Times bestselling author Nora Roberts deftly blends romance and suspense in this compelling novel of a woman whose career, marriage, and very life are threatened by the truth about her own past. Emma McAvoy may have grown up in the limelight, but some secrets are hidden in a darkness no light can reach. Now on the verge of a successful career, and having fallen in love with the man of her dreams, Emma is looking to the future. Yet it’s the past that is about to catch up with her. For Emma, her childhood had been almost like a rags-to-riches fairy tale—until the tragic night that changed her family forever. But what Emma thinks she knows about that terrible night and the man she’s about to marry is only half the truth. The other half is locked away in the last place she’d ever think to look: her own memories. It’s a mystery a handsome and relentlessly driven homicide detective needs to solve in a case that’s haunted him for years—and a secret someone will kill to keep. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: To Save Everything, Click Here Evgeny Morozov, 2013-03-05 A New York Times Notable Book of the Year In the very near future, smart technologies and big data will allow us to make large-scale and sophisticated interventions in politics, culture, and everyday life. Technology will allow us to solve problems in highly original ways and create new incentives to get more people to do the right thing. But how will such solutionism affect our society, once deeply political, moral, and irresolvable dilemmas are recast as uncontroversial and easily manageable matters of technological efficiency? What if some such problems are simply vices in disguise? What if some friction in communication is productive and some hypocrisy in politics necessary? The temptation of the digital age is to fix everything -- from crime to corruption to pollution to obesity -- by digitally quantifying, tracking, or gamifying behavior. But when we change the motivations for our moral, ethical, and civic behavior we may also change the very nature of that behavior. Technology, Evgeny Morozov proposes, can be a force for improvement -- but only if we keep solutionism in check and learn to appreciate the imperfections of liberal democracy. Some of those imperfections are not accidental but by design. Arguing that we badly need a new, post-Internet way to debate the moral consequences of digital technologies, To Save Everything, Click Here warns against a world of seamless efficiency, where everyone is forced to wear Silicon Valley's digital straitjacket. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: On Citizenship Romila Thapar, 2021 The essays in On Citizenship provide the reader with clear, informed, compelling insights into the vexed issue of citizenship in India today. The four writers featured in this book-Romila Thapar, N. Ram, Gautam Bhatia, and Gautam Patel-are all experts in their fields. It breaks down the history of citizenship, how it evolved during the Constituent Assembly debates, the nationwide CAA-NRC protests and makes a compelling case against the ruling dispensation. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Beyond the Steppe Frontier Soeren Urbansky, 2020-01-28 A comprehensive history of the Sino-Russian border, one of the longest and most important land borders in the world The Sino-Russian border, once the world’s longest land border, has received scant attention in histories about the margins of empires. Beyond the Steppe Frontier rectifies this by exploring the demarcation’s remarkable transformation—from a vaguely marked frontier in the seventeenth century to its twentieth-century incarnation as a tightly patrolled barrier girded by watchtowers, barbed wire, and border guards. Through the perspectives of locals, including railroad employees, herdsmen, and smugglers from both sides, Sören Urbansky explores the daily life of communities and their entanglements with transnational and global flows of people, commodities, and ideas. Urbansky challenges top-down interpretations by stressing the significance of the local population in supporting, and undermining, border making. Because Russian, Chinese, and native worlds are intricately interwoven, national separations largely remained invisible at the border between the two largest Eurasian empires. This overlapping and mingling came to an end only when the border gained geopolitical significance during the twentieth century. Relying on a wealth of sources culled from little-known archives from across Eurasia, Urbansky demonstrates how states succeeded in suppressing traditional borderland cultures by cutting kin, cultural, economic, and religious connections across the state perimeter, through laws, physical force, deportation, reeducation, forced assimilation, and propaganda. Beyond the Steppe Frontier sheds critical new light on a pivotal geographical periphery and expands our understanding of how borders are determined. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Know Your Remedies He Bian, 2022-03-08 Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced in various forms for more than a thousand years. Practitioners may heal patients with herbal remedies, acupuncture, massage, exercise, and modified diets. Even today, herbal medicines are of particular importance; Chinese pharmacies containing a vast array of remedies can be found in cities and towns the world over. This book is an interdisciplinary and cultural history of the concept of pharmacy, both the drugs themselves and the trade in medicine, during the Ming and Qing dynasties of early modern China. This was a time of change for traditional Chinese medicine and for Chinese science as a whole. Many historians have argued that sixteenth-century China was a high point of scientific inquiry, followed by a period of intellectual decline. Though political and intellectual shifts led to a crisis of authority over pharmaceutical knowledge in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, Bian argues that this period of supposed intellectual decline was in fact characterized by numerous efforts to further refine and spread the pharmacological knowledge amassed in the Ming dynasty. She draws on a wide range of primary sources, but particularly through the study of bencao (pronounced pen ts'ao), a genre of encyclopaedic works, often called matteria medica or pharmacopoeia in the West, that collect information on medicinal substances. As the early modern Chinese Empire expanded and print culture became more widespread, the pursuit of medical remedies became a significant commercial enterprise. The author connects theory and practice of pharmacy during the Ming and Qing dynasties to broader developments in intellectual history, book culture, commerce, and taxation-- |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Continentof Circle Nirad C. Chaudhuri, 1999-12 The Continent of Circe is the result of the author s life-time effort to understand the nature of things. It describes the human situation in India after Independence. The author resorts to the historical method, and surprisingly encounters not staticity, but a continuing dynamic and even explosive process within which history and geography have worked to create dissimilar communities and endless conflicts. The highlight of this book is undoubtedly the author s imaginative interpretation of the Hindu personality based on original sources. Chaudhuri s language is forceful and expressive, and his arguments are well defined and lucid. The book is the author s most compelling and authoritative work a landmark in Indian history. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Our Hindu Rashtra Aakar Patel, 2022-10-24 India has taken so sharp a turn in recent years that the very centre has shifted considerably. What led to this swing? Is it possible to trace the path to this point? Is there a way back to the just, secular, inclusive vision of our Constitution-makers? This country has long been an outlier in its South Asian neighbourhood, with its inclusive Constitution and functioning democracy. The growth of Hindutva, in some sense, brings India in line with the other polities here. In Our Hindu Rashtra, writer and activist Aakar Patel peels back layer after layer of cause and effect through independent India's history to understand how Hindutva came to gain such a hold on the country. He examines what it means for India that its laws and judiciary have been permeated by prejudice and bigotry, what the breach of fundamental rights portends in these circumstances, and what the all-round institutional collapse signifies for the future of Indians. Most importantly, Patel asks and answers that most important of questions: What possibilities exist for a return? Thought-provoking and pulling no punches, this book is an essential read for anyone who wishes to understand the nature of politics in India and, indeed, South Asia. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Unruly Waters Sunil Amrith, 2018-12-11 From a MacArthur Genius, a bold new perspective on the history of Asia, highlighting the long quest to tame its waters Asia's history has been shaped by her waters. In Unruly Waters, historian Sunil Amrith reimagines Asia's history through the stories of its rains, rivers, coasts, and seas -- and of the weather-watchers and engineers, mapmakers and farmers who have sought to control them. Looking out from India, he shows how dreams and fears of water shaped visions of political independence and economic development, provoked efforts to reshape nature through dams and pumps, and unleashed powerful tensions within and between nations. Today, Asian nations are racing to construct hundreds of dams in the Himalayas, with dire environmental impacts; hundreds of millions crowd into coastal cities threatened by cyclones and storm surges. In an age of climate change, Unruly Waters is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand Asia's past and its future. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: The Postcolonial Moment in South and Southeast Asia Gyan Prakash, Nikhil Menon, Michael Laffan, 2018-02-22 By exploring themes of fragility, mobility and turmoil, anxieties and agency, and pedagogy, this book shows how colonialism shaped postcolonial projects in South and Southeast Asia including India, Pakistan, Burma, and Indonesia. Its chapters unearth the contingency and contention that accompanied the establishment of nation-states and their claim to be decolonized heirs. The book places key postcolonial moments - a struggle for citizenship, anxious constitution making, mass education and land reform - against the aftermath of the Second World War and within a global framework, relating them to the global transformation in political geography from empire to nation. The chapters analyse how futures and ideals envisioned by anticolonial activists were made reality, whilst others were discarded. Drawing on the expertise of eminent contributors, The Postcolonial Moment in South and Southeast Asia represents the most ground-breaking research on the region. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: The Natural History of Sexuality in Early America Greta LaFleur, 2020-08-04 How natural history made sex scientific in the eighteenth century. If sexology—the science of sex—came into being sometime in the nineteenth century, then how did statesmen, scientists, and everyday people make meaning out of sex before that point? In The Natural History of Sexuality in Early America, Greta LaFleur demonstrates that eighteenth-century natural history—the study of organic life in its environment—actually provided the intellectual foundations for the later development of the scientific study of sex. Natural historians understood the human body to be a porous envelope, eminently vulnerable to its environment. Yet historians of sexuality have tended to rely on archival evidence of genital-based or otherwise bodily sex acts for source material. Through careful readings of both elite natural history texts and popular print forms that circulated widely in the British North American colonies—among them Barbary captivity, execution, cross-dressing, and anti-vice narratives—LaFleur traces the development of a broad knowledge of sexuality defined in terms of the dynamic relationship between the human and the natural, social, physical, and climatic milieu. At the heart of this book is the question of how to produce a history of sexuality for an era in which modern vocabularies for sex and desire were unavailable. LaFleur demonstrates how environmental logic was used to explain sexual behavior on a broad scale, not just among the educated elite who wrote and read natural historical texts. LaFleur reunites the history of sexuality with the history of race, demonstrating how they were bound to one another by the emergence of the human sciences. Ultimately, The Natural History of Sexuality in Early America not only rewrites all dominant scholarly narratives of eighteenth-century sexual behavior but also poses a major intervention into queer theoretical understandings of the relationship between sex and the subject. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Sex and the Supreme Court Saurabh Kirpal, 2020 |
| rohit de a people's constitution: The Rule of Law Tom Bingham, 2011-07-07 'A gem of a book ... Inspiring and timely. Everyone should read it' Independent 'The Rule of Law' is a phrase much used but little examined. The idea of the rule of law as the foundation of modern states and civilisations has recently become even more talismanic than that of democracy, but what does it actually consist of? In this brilliant short book, Britain's former senior law lord, and one of the world's most acute legal minds, examines what the idea actually means. He makes clear that the rule of law is not an arid legal doctrine but is the foundation of a fair and just society, is a guarantee of responsible government, is an important contribution to economic growth and offers the best means yet devised for securing peace and co-operation. He briefly examines the historical origins of the rule, and then advances eight conditions which capture its essence as understood in western democracies today. He also discusses the strains imposed on the rule of law by the threat and experience of international terrorism. The book will be influential in many different fields and should become a key text for anyone interested in politics, society and the state of our world. |
| rohit de a people's constitution: Becoming Free, Becoming Black Alejandro de la Fuente, Ariela J. Gross, 2020-01-16 Shows that the law of freedom, not slavery, determined the way that race developed over time in three slave societies. |
Rohit Sharma - Wikipedia
Rohit Sharma (born 30 April 1987) is an Indian international cricketer and the captain of the national team in ODIs. He is also a former captain in Tests and T20Is. He is widely regarded as one of the …
Rohit Sharma Profile - Cricket Player India | Stats, Records, Video
- Rohit Sharma has won six IPL titles: one with Deccan Chargers and five as captain of Mumbai Indians (MI), making him the joint most successful captain in the Indian Premier League.
Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats | Cricbuzz.com
Rohit, the ODI player, finally delivered a break-through performance as an opener with an impeccable limited-overs tour of Australia in early 2016, making back-to-back hundreds and a …
Rohit Sharma: Biography, Career, Marriage, Rankings ... - News18
Rohit Gurunath Sharma is a renowned international cricketer who represents India in international cricket. At the domestic level, he plays for Mumbai and for Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier …
Rohit Sharma | Life, Cricket, Career, Awards, & Facts | Britannica
Jun 9, 2025 · Rohit Sharma (born April 30, 1987, Bansod, India) is an Indian international cricketer and the current captain of the Indian cricket team in the One-Day International (ODI) format.
Rohit Sharma announces retirement from Test cricket
May 7, 2025 · The selectors are expected to finalise the Test squad in the coming weeks, but with Rohit retiring, the biggest question for the Ajit Agarkar-led panel would be naming the next Test …
Rohit Sharma Captaincy Record – ODI, Test, T20I, & IPL
Rohit Sharma is the 35th cricketer to lead an Indian cricket team in Test cricket. Starting his longer-format captaincy stint with four straight home Test wins, Rohit won his first overseas Test as …
Rohit Sharma Wiki, Height, Age, Wife, Children, Family, Biography
Rohit Sharma is an Indian cricketer who has captained the Indian national cricket team across all formats. Holding various records as a right-hand batsman to
Rohit Sharma Records, Test match, ODI, T20, IPL ... - ESPNcricinfo
Rohit Sharma Records, Test match, ODI, T20 international batting bowling fielding records
BCCI Expected Rohit Sharma To Retire From ODIs After …
Jun 9, 2025 · Rohit Sharma is one of the greatest white-ball batters of all time. The 38-year-old right-handed batter from Mumbai is the all-time leading run getter in T20Is and has more than …
Rohit Sharma - Wikipedia
Rohit Sharma (born 30 April 1987) is an Indian international cricketer and the captain of the national team in ODIs. He is also a former captain in Tests and T20Is. He is widely regarded as …
Rohit Sharma Profile - Cricket Player India | Stats, Records, Video
- Rohit Sharma has won six IPL titles: one with Deccan Chargers and five as captain of Mumbai Indians (MI), making him the joint most successful captain in the Indian Premier League.
Profile - ICC Ranking, Age, Career Info & Stats | Cricbuzz.com
Rohit, the ODI player, finally delivered a break-through performance as an opener with an impeccable limited-overs tour of Australia in early 2016, making back-to-back hundreds and a …
Rohit Sharma: Biography, Career, Marriage, Rankings ... - News18
Rohit Gurunath Sharma is a renowned international cricketer who represents India in international cricket. At the domestic level, he plays for Mumbai and for Mumbai Indians in the Indian …
Rohit Sharma | Life, Cricket, Career, Awards, & Facts | Britannica
Jun 9, 2025 · Rohit Sharma (born April 30, 1987, Bansod, India) is an Indian international cricketer and the current captain of the Indian cricket team in the One-Day International (ODI) …
Rohit Sharma announces retirement from Test cricket
May 7, 2025 · The selectors are expected to finalise the Test squad in the coming weeks, but with Rohit retiring, the biggest question for the Ajit Agarkar-led panel would be naming the next Test …
Rohit Sharma Captaincy Record – ODI, Test, T20I, & IPL
Rohit Sharma is the 35th cricketer to lead an Indian cricket team in Test cricket. Starting his longer-format captaincy stint with four straight home Test wins, Rohit won his first overseas …
Rohit Sharma Wiki, Height, Age, Wife, Children, Family, Biography
Rohit Sharma is an Indian cricketer who has captained the Indian national cricket team across all formats. Holding various records as a right-hand batsman to
Rohit Sharma Records, Test match, ODI, T20, IPL ... - ESPNcricinfo
Rohit Sharma Records, Test match, ODI, T20 international batting bowling fielding records
BCCI Expected Rohit Sharma To Retire From ODIs After …
Jun 9, 2025 · Rohit Sharma is one of the greatest white-ball batters of all time. The 38-year-old right-handed batter from Mumbai is the all-time leading run getter in T20Is and has more than …
