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| ras shamra texts: The City of Ugarit at Tell Ras Shamra Marguerite Yon, 2006-06-30 In 1929, a farmer accidentally discovered a tomb near the Mediterranean coast of Syria, about 12 km north of the modern seaport of Latakia. Initial excavations at the tell of Ras Shamra by René Dussaud and Claude Schaeffer brought to light impressive architectural remains, numerous artifacts, and tablets written in cuneiform (both alphabetic and syllabic), and the excavators soon were able to identify the site as the ancient city of Ugarit. Much of the material remains came to be dated to the end of the Late Bronze Age, from the 14th century through the 12th century B.C.E., and the religious, economic, and mythological texts from that era have had a major effect on our understanding of the history of the late 2nd millennium. However, by that time the site had already seen more than 6,000 years of occupation, and the data from Ras Shamra–Ugarit thus have become important as a reference point for the early history of the Near East along the Levantine coast and the eastern Mediterranean. In this volume, Marguerite Yon, the principal investigator since the early 1970s on behalf of the French archaeological team, brings us up to date on the 70-year-long excavation of the site. During the past 25 years, much of our understanding of the site itself has changed, due to new excavations, reexcavation, and reinterpretation of prior excavations. This volume is the authoritative latest word on the data from the site and their meaning for our understanding of the importance of ancient Ugarit. Heavily illustrated, including many black-and-white and color photographs. |
| ras shamra texts: A Manual of Ugaritic Pierre Bordreuil, Dennis Pardee, 2009-01-01 |
| ras shamra texts: The Ugaritic Texts and the Origins of West-Semitic Literary Composition Dennis Pardee, 2012-01-19 The three chapters, based on the Schweich Lectures given in 2007, cover the origins of the cuneiform alphabetic writing system developed in Ugarit some time before 1250 BC, the use of alphabetic writing at Ugarit, and a comparison of Ugaritic and Hebrew literatures. |
| ras shamra texts: Ugarit at Seventy-Five K. Lawson Younger Jr., 2007-06-30 In the spring of 1928, a Syrian farmer was plowing on the Mediterranean coast near a bay called Minet el-Beida. His plow ran into a stone just beneath the surface. When he examined the obstruction, he found a large man-made flagstone that led into a tomb, in which he found some valuable objects that he sold to a dealer. Little did he know what he had discovered. In April of 1929, C. F. A. Schaeffer began excavation of the tombs, but a month later he moved to the nearby tell of Ras Shamra. On the afternoon of May 14, the first inscribed clay tablet came to light—thus the beginnings of the study of Ugarit and the Ugaritic language. Seventy-five years have passed, and the impact of this extraordinary discovery is still being felt. Its impact on biblical studies perhaps has no equal. In February 2005, some of the preeminent Ugaritologists of the present generation gathered at the Midwest Regional meetings of the American Oriental Society to commemorate these 75 years by reading the papers that are now published in this volume. The first five essays deal with the Ugaritic texts, while the last three deal with archaeological or historical issues. |
| ras shamra texts: Divine Epithets in the Ugaritic Alphabetic Texts Aïcha Rahmouni, 2008 This study of the divine epithets in the Ugaritic alphabetic cuneiform texts from Ras Shamra and Ras Ibn Hani provides a new and comprehensive analysis of the epithets of the individual Ugaritic deities. |
| ras shamra texts: An Introduction to Ugaritic John Huehnergard, 2012 Highly respected linguist John Huehnergard brings his command of and vast knowledge in the field of comparative Semitic linguistics to this introductory grammar. Every aspect of the grammar is enriched by his broad understanding, while maintaining an unexcelled directness and order to the learning of the fundamental grammar of Ugaritic. Designed for students already familiar with Biblical Hebrew, this grammar contains the information necessary to help them become proficient in Ugaritic, and includes exercises to assist in learning basic grammar before commencing work with the actual Ugaritic texts. It is set apart from other gram¬mar books by its immense understanding of comparative Semitic grammar, and the concise and accurate manner in which Huehnergard presents the information. Special Features: - A glossary of all Ugaritic words used in the grammar - An appendix by Ugaritologist John Ellison on the scribal formation of the Ugaritic abecedaries - A number of full-color photographs of Ugaritic tablets - Keys to the exercises - Bibliographic information and indexes |
| ras shamra texts: Incantations and Anti-Witchcraft Texts from Ugarit Gregorio del Olmo Lete, 2014-07-28 Ugaritic literary and ritual studies have often neglected or even ignored the Akkadian material from the same archives, which can be used as a frame of reference for the Ugaritic texts. The aim of this work is to offer a comprehensive study of the consonantal (Ugaritic) as well as the syllabic (Akkadian) incantation and anti-witchcraft texts from Ras Shamra as a unified corpus. These texts, dealing with impending dangers (mainly snakebites) and witchcraft attacks, are placed in the context of Ancient Near Eastern magic literature. A discussion of general topics, including magic and religion, the Ugaritic gods of magic, and the definition of incantation, is followed by a new collation and translation of the Akkadian texts, as well as new photographic material for both series. The main focus of this book is the close reading of the consonantal texts in the context of the much larger and better analyzed corpus of Akkadian magic literature. |
| ras shamra texts: The Legacy of Canaan John Gray, 1957 |
| ras shamra texts: The Ras Shamra Discoveries and the Old Testament Arvid Schou Kapelrud, 1965 |
| ras shamra texts: The Lagacy of Canaan the Ras Shamra Texts and Their Relavance to the Old Testament John GRAY (M.A., B.D., Ph.D.), |
| ras shamra texts: Handbook of Ugaritic Studies Wilfred Watson, Nicolas Wyatt, 2016-02-15 Over the past seven decades, the scores of publications on Ugarit in Northern Syria (15th to 11th centuries BCE) are so scattered that a good overall view of the subject is virtually impossible. Wilfred Watson and Nicolas Wyatt, the editors of the present Handbook in the series Handbook of Oriental Studies, have brought together and made accessible this accumulated knowledge on the archives from Ugarit, called 'the foremost literary discovery of the twentieth century' by Cyrus Gordon. In 16 chapters a careful selection of specialists in the field deal with all important aspects of Ugarit, such as the discovery and decipherment of a previously unknown script (alphabetic cuneiform) used to write both the local language (Ugaritic) and Hurrian and its grammar, vocabulary and style; documents in other languages (including Akkadian and Hittite), as well as the literature and letters, culture, economy, social life, religion, history and iconography of the ancient kingdom of Ugarit. A chapter on computer analysis of these documents concludes the work. This first such wide-ranging survey, which includes recent scholarship, an extensive up-to-date bibliography, illustrations and maps, will be of particular use to those studying the history, religion, cultures and languages of the ancient Near East, and also of the Bible and to all those interested in the background to Greek and Phoenician cultures. |
| ras shamra texts: Ugaritic Textbook Cyrus Herzl Gordon, 1998 |
| ras shamra texts: Ugarit and the Old Testament Peter C. Craigie, 2019-04-08 In 1929, a remarkable discovery was made by archaeologists at Ras Shamra in syria; beneath the soils of a small hill, they discovered the remains and libraries of the ancient city of Ugarit, which had been destroyed by barbarian invaders shortly after 1200BC. This book tells the story of that discovery and describes the life and civilization of the ancient city of Ugarit. In addition to updating the story with more recent archeological finds, this study recounts and assesses the extraordinary impact that the rediscovery has had on the last 50 years of the Old Testament studies. Written in a non-technical fashion, Ugarit and the Old Testament should be of interest to all readers of the Bible, particularly students and pastors concerned with the impact of contemporary archaeological discoveries on Old Testament studies. |
| ras shamra texts: Divine Epithets in the Ugaritic Alphabetic Texts Aicha Rahmouni, 2007-11-30 This volume comprises an analysis of 112 divine epithets occurring in the alphabetic cuneiform texts from Ras Shamra and Ras Ibn Hani. It is intended to encompass all the epithets of the individual Ugaritic deities, semi-divine, and demonic beings, both good and evil, attested in the published texts. The epithets are profound expressions of the religious views of the ancient Ugaritians and their comprehension is essential for understanding the role, character, and status of the various deities in the Ugaritic pantheon. Particular attention has been paid to parallel divine epithets in Akkadian, biblical Hebrew, and classical Arabic. |
| ras shamra texts: Religious Texts from Ugarit Nick Wyatt, 2002-11-26 An updated and corrected edition of a classic work, with new material. This book is an up-to-date translation and commentary on the Ugaritic texts. Of interest and importance for a general readership, as well as students and specialists in biblical, classical and religious studies. As well as being intrinsically fascinating, the Ugaritic texts have long been recognized as basic background material for Old Testament study. Ugaritic deities, myths, religious terminology, poetic techniques and general vocabulary are widely encountered by the attentive reader of the Hebrew Bible. The present edition offers an up-to-date translation and commentary based on scrutiny of the original tablets and the most recent academic discussion. While addressing the needs of accurate translation it also attempts to take seriously demands for a readable English version. |
| ras shamra texts: The Ugaritic Baal Cycle Mark S. Smith, 1994 This volume provides a lengthy introduction and detailed translation and commentary for the first two tablets of the Baal Cycle, which witnesses to both the religious worldview of Ugarit and many of the formative religious concepts and images in the Bible. |
| ras shamra texts: Yahweh Versus Baal Norman C. Habel, 2018-12-04 Since 1929, scholars have been concerned with the interpretation of certain Canaanite literary materials found at Ras Shamra in North Syria, known as Ugarit in ancient times. Attention has been paid, primarily, to certain linguistic and cultural parallels between this corpus of literature and sections of the Old Testament. But despite the numerous treatments of the isolated points of contact between Ugaritic and biblical thought, one major question has not received an adequate answer. How and to what extent are the Ugaritic texts, and especially the Baal texts, relevant for an appreciation of the fundamentals of the Israelite religion? Professor Habel seeks to answer at least part of this question by translating pertinent segments of the Baal texts, according to the sequence of G. R. Driver, summarizing their context, and considering their import, thought sequence, and basic ideas in relation to appropriate materials from the early faith of Israel. The succinct results of this comparison are provocative, to say the least. The author begins by isolating the major features of an underlying conflict tradition. The conflict between Israel's beliefs and the religious forces of its environment was a vital influence in the formulation of Israel's earliest religious faith and experience. The content of this faith as summarized in the concise wording of Exodus 19:3-6 is shown to be virtually identical with that of Israel's earliest poetic heritage where a lively polemic against the Canaanite religious is discernible. One of the highlights of Professor Habel's comparison of the Baal texts with Israel's archaic poetic traditions is his contribution to the understanding of Exodus 15. In this connection he discovers a clearly defined sequence of ideas common to certain Baal texts and Exodus 15:1-18. By skillfully utilizing the work of other scholars the author sheds additional light on the polemical and theological import of several passages depicting theophanies of Yahweh. A similar evaluation of the relevance of the Ugaritic texts for the cultic practices of Israel is made possible by a sober evaluation of the pertinent texts. |
| ras shamra texts: The Origins of Biblical Monotheism Mark S. Smith, 2003-11-06 One of the leading scholars of ancient West Semitic religion discusses polytheism vs. monotheism by covering the fluidity of those categories in the ancient Near East. He argues that Israel's social history is key to the development of monotheism. |
| ras shamra texts: A Primer on Ugaritic William M. Schniedewind, Joel H. Hunt, 2007-07-02 A Primer on Ugaritic is an introduction to the language of the ancient city of Ugarit, a city that flourished in the second millennium BCE on the Lebanese coast, placed in the context of the culture, literature, and religion of this ancient Semitic culture. The Ugaritic language and literature was a precursor to Canaanite and serves as one of our most important resources for understanding the Old Testament and the Hebrew language. Special emphasis is placed on contextualization of the Ugaritic language and comparison to ancient Hebrew as well as Akkadian. The book begins with a general introduction to ancient Ugarit, and the introduction to the various genres of Ugaritic literature is placed in the context of this introduction. The language is introduced by genre, beginning with prose and letters, proceeding to administrative, and finally introducing the classic examples of Ugaritic epic. A summary of the grammar, a glossary, and a bibliography round out the volume. |
| ras shamra texts: Lesser Deities in the Ugaritic Texts and the Hebrew Bible Sang Youl Cho, 2007 This book presents a comparative work on the nature and various roles of the lesser deities, the so-called angels, in the Ugaritic texts and the Hebrew Bible. |
| ras shamra texts: El in the Ugaritic texts Marvin H. Pope, 1955 |
| ras shamra texts: Untold Stories Mark S. Smith, 2001 This book traces the history of Ugaritic studies and their impact on the study of the Bible. From the first discoveries in the late 1920s through the end of the millennium, Ugaritic studies have revolutionized the modern understanding of the Bible. The stories told in this book combine analysis of the major trends and intellectual approaches taken in various periods with firsthand accounts of the major Ugaritic and biblical scholars drawn from personal interviews and letters, including previously unknown sources from several archival collections. |
| ras shamra texts: Ritual and Cult at Ugarit Dennis Pardee, 2002 The Ugaritic ritual texts, which date to ca. 1200 B.C.E, provide the only extensive body of pre-biblical data on cultic practice in Syria-Palestine. This volume, aimed at biblical scholars and historians of religion, contains the original texts a general introduction, an English translation, and interpretative notes for each text. Paperback edition is available from the Society of Biblical Literature (www.sbl-site.org) |
| ras shamra texts: The Tale of Aqhat , 1981 |
| ras shamra texts: Stories from Ancient Canaan Michael David Coogan, 1978-01-01 Contained on fifteen of the cuneiform tables uncovered at the ancient Canaanite city of Ugarit are the four major oral Ugartic myths of Aqhat, The Healers, Kirta and Baal. Stories from Ancient Canaan is the first to offer a one-volume translation of all four. This accessible book teaches the principal Canaanite religious literature, and will be useful to students of the history of religion, of the Bible, and of comparative literature. |
| ras shamra texts: Sources for Ugaritic Ritual and Sacrifice: Ugaritic and Ugarit Akkadian texts David M. Clemens, 2001 This book compiles on nearly 1,400 pages all the sources, giving for every single text extensive information: about findspots, citations by other authors and a thorough discussings about terms and grammar problems. An introduction and a conclusion complete the book, as well in three appendices concordances, ritual sources and ritual archives and areas, followed by a selected bibliography and indices. |
| ras shamra texts: Ras Shamra Parallels Stan Rummel, 1981 |
| ras shamra texts: The Krt Text in the Literature of Ras Shamra John Gray, 2023-12-18 |
| ras shamra texts: Cults of the Dead in Ancient Israel and Ugarit Theodore J. Lewis, 2019-11-26 |
| ras shamra texts: The Goddess Anath U. Cassuto, 1971 CASSUTO (1883-1951), one of the greatest Bible scholars and Jewish historians of his generation, was also a pioneer in the field of Ugaritic-scholarship. His book The Goddess Anath is a classic of its kind. It was first published in Hebrew by the Bilalik Institute in 1951, reprinted in 1953, 1958, and 1965, and appears now in the English translation of Prof. ABRAHAMS (reprint 2009). The book contains three parts a) An introduction to Ugaritic literature that is based on the texts discovered (up to 1951) at the Ras-Shamra, in general, and on the epic of Baal in particular. b) Some Ugaritic tablets containing episodes from the epic of Baal, in which the Goddess Anath plays an important role. These texts appear in three parallel columns: the first gives a transcription of the Ugaritic text in Latin characters, the second contains Cassuto's Hebrew translation, and the third comprises the English rendering. c) A commentary on these texts. This work also sheds invaluable light on important and hitherto unexplained linguistic usages in the Bible, while the author's brilliant methodology will serve as an enduring beacon of light to many generations of researchers. |
| ras shamra texts: Legacy of Canaan Rev. Prof. John Gray M.A., B.D., Ph.D., 2015-02-04 Preliminary material /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- UGARIT AND ITS RECORDS /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- MYTHS OF THE FERTILITY CULT /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- SAGA AND LEGEND /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- THE RELIGION OF CANAAN /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- THE SOCIAL ORDER /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- LITERARY AND LINGUISTIC /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- BIBLIOGRAPHY /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- CONCORDANCE OF UGARITIC TEXTS /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- INDEX OF UGARITIC PASSAGES /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- INDEX OF UGARITIC WORDS /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- SUBJECT INDEX /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- AUTHOR'S INDEX /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN -- INDEX OF SCRIPTURAL PASSAGES /Editors THE LEGACY OF CANAAN. |
| ras shamra texts: A Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Languages Rebecca Hasselbach-Andee, 2020-03-31 Covers the major languages, language families, and writing systems attested in the Ancient Near East Filled with enlightening chapters by noted experts in the field, this book introduces Ancient Near Eastern (ANE) languages and language families used during the time period of roughly 3200 BCE to the second century CE in the areas of Egypt, the Levant, eastern Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Iran. In addition to providing grammatical sketches of the respective languages, the book focuses on socio-linguistic questions such as language contact, diglossia, the development of literary standard languages, and the development of diplomatic languages or “linguae francae.” It also addresses the interaction of Ancient Near Eastern languages with each other and their roles within the political and cultural systems of ANE societies. Presented in five parts, The Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Languages provides readers with in-depth chapter coverage of the writing systems of ANE, starting with their decipherment. It looks at the emergence of cuneiform writing; the development of Egyptian writing in the fourth and early third millennium BCI; and the emergence of alphabetic scripts. The book also covers many of the individual languages themselves, including Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittite, Pre- and Post-Exilic Hebrew, Phoenician, Ancient South Arabian, and more. Provides an overview of all major language families and writing systems used in the Ancient Near East during the time period from the beginning of writing (approximately 3200 BCE) to the second century CE (end of cuneiform writing) Addresses how the individual languages interacted with each other and how they functioned in the societies that used them Written by leading experts on the languages and topics The Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Languages is an ideal book for undergraduate students and scholars interested in Ancient Near Eastern cultures and languages or certain aspects of these languages. |
| ras shamra texts: The Ras Shamra Mythological Texts James A. Montgomery, Zellig S. Harris, 2009-01-09 |
| ras shamra texts: Ras Shamra Parallels Loren R. Fisher, 1972 |
| ras shamra texts: The Impact of the Ras Shamra Texts on the Study of the Song of Songs Keith N. Schoville, 1969 |
| ras shamra texts: Ras Shamra Parallels Stan Rummel, 1981 |
| ras shamra texts: Women in Ugarit and Israel Hennie J. Marsman, 2003-01-01 This book discusses women in a polytheistic and monotheistic society by analyzing their social and religious position according to the literary and non-literary texts of Ugarit and Israel. |
| ras shamra texts: The Cuneiform Texts of Ras Shamra-Ugarit Claude F. A. Schaeffer, 1939 |
Ras GTPase - Wikipedia
Ras, from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a family of related proteins that are expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs. All Ras protein family members belong to a class of protein called small …
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Jul 24, 2023 · The reticular activating system (RAS) is a component of the reticular formation in vertebrate brains located throughout the brainstem. Between the brainstem and the cortex, …
RAS Proteins and Their Regulators in Human Disease - PMC
RAS proteins play a causal role in human cancer: this has been recognized for many years and has inspired multiple attempts to find RAS inhibitors. Mutations in RAS regulators, such as …
Reticular Activating System and Your Sleep - Verywell Health
Oct 18, 2022 · The reticular activating system (RAS) is a network of nerves in the brain that regulate wakefulness and sleep-wake cycles and can affect sleep if damaged.
Ras superfamily - Wikipedia
The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases. [1] Members of the superfamily are divided into families and subfamilies based on …
Ras - Wikipedia
Stari Ras, a capital city of medieval Serbian state of Raška; Replenishment at sea, providing naval ships with supplies while at sea; Catepanate of Ras, province of the Byzantine Empire
Reticular Activating System: Brain Function and Importance
Sep 30, 2024 · First and foremost, the RAS is your brain’s very own alarm clock. It regulates your sleep-wake cycles with the precision of a Swiss timepiece. When it’s time to wake up, the RAS …
Functions of Reticular Activating System (RAS) | Brain | Neurology
The Reticular Activating System (RAS) of the brain stem is considered as one of the most important systems which facilitates the functioning of sensation and attention. This is made up …
Ras Protein - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Ras proteins (H-Ras, K-Ras4A and 4B, and N-Ras) are regulators of signal transduction, mutated in 30 percent of human cancers, and targets for novel approaches for cancer treatment. Ras …
Ras GTPase - Wikipedia
Ras, from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a family of related proteins that are expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs. All Ras protein family members belong to a class of protein called small …
RAS
RAS Calculator. Is there a player you’d like to check that you can’t find on the site? Have you done your own testing and you’re curious how you did? Give the RAS calculator a try and view …
Neuroanatomy, Reticular Activating System - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Jul 24, 2023 · The reticular activating system (RAS) is a component of the reticular formation in vertebrate brains located throughout the brainstem. Between the brainstem and the cortex, …
RAS Proteins and Their Regulators in Human Disease - PMC
RAS proteins play a causal role in human cancer: this has been recognized for many years and has inspired multiple attempts to find RAS inhibitors. Mutations in RAS regulators, such as …
Reticular Activating System and Your Sleep - Verywell Health
Oct 18, 2022 · The reticular activating system (RAS) is a network of nerves in the brain that regulate wakefulness and sleep-wake cycles and can affect sleep if damaged.
Ras superfamily - Wikipedia
The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases. [1] Members of the superfamily are divided into families and subfamilies based on …
Ras - Wikipedia
Stari Ras, a capital city of medieval Serbian state of Raška; Replenishment at sea, providing naval ships with supplies while at sea; Catepanate of Ras, province of the Byzantine Empire
Reticular Activating System: Brain Function and Importance
Sep 30, 2024 · First and foremost, the RAS is your brain’s very own alarm clock. It regulates your sleep-wake cycles with the precision of a Swiss timepiece. When it’s time to wake up, the RAS …
Functions of Reticular Activating System (RAS) | Brain | Neurology
The Reticular Activating System (RAS) of the brain stem is considered as one of the most important systems which facilitates the functioning of sensation and attention. This is made up …
Ras Protein - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Ras proteins (H-Ras, K-Ras4A and 4B, and N-Ras) are regulators of signal transduction, mutated in 30 percent of human cancers, and targets for novel approaches for cancer treatment. Ras …
