Advertisement
| raz test: Through-Thickness Tension Testing of Steel R. J. Glodowski, 1983 |
| raz test: Property Testing Arnab Bhattacharyya, Yuichi Yoshida, 2022-03-08 This book introduces important results and techniques in property testing, where the goal is to design algorithms that decide whether their input satisfies a predetermined property in sublinear time, or even in constant time – that is, time is independent of the input size. This book consists of three parts. The first part provides an introduction to the foundations of property testing. The second part studies the testing of specific properties on strings, graphs, functions, and constraint satisfaction problems. Vectors and matrices over real numbers are also covered. The third part is more advanced and explains general conditions, including full characterizations, under which properties are constant-query testable. The first and second parts of the book are intended for first-year graduate students in computer science. They should also be accessible to undergraduate students with the adequate background. The third part can be used by researchers or ambitious graduate students who want to gain a deeper theoretical understanding of property testing. |
| raz test: Permutation Tests Phillip Good, 2013-03-09 Permutation tests permit us to choose the test statistic best suited to the task at hand. This freedom of choice opens up a thousand practical applications, including many which are beyond the reach of conventional parametric sta tistics. Flexible, robust in the face of missing data and violations of assump tions, the permutation test is among the most powerful of statistical proce dures. Through sample size reduction, permutation tests can reduce the costs of experiments and surveys. This text on the application of permutation tests in biology, medicine, science, and engineering may be used as a step-by-step self-guiding reference manual by research workers and as an intermediate text for undergraduates and graduates in statistics and the applied sciences with a first course in statistics and probability under their belts. Research workers in the applied sciences are advised to read through Chapters 1 and 2 once quickly before proceeding to Chapters 3 through 8 which cover the principal applications they are likely to encounter in practice. Chapter 9 is a must for the practitioner, with advice for coping with real life emergencies such as missing or censored data, after-the-fact covariates, and outliers. Chapter 10 uses practical applications in archeology, biology, climatology, education and social science to show the research worker how to develop new permutation statistics to meet the needs of specific applications. The practitioner will find Chapter 10 a source of inspiration as well as a practical guide to the development of new and novel statistics. |
| raz test: Permutation Tests Phillip I. Good, 2000 This book provides a step-by-step manual on the application of permutation tests in biology, business, medicine, science, and engineering. The first edition of this book is well known for its intuitive and informal style, and the inclusion of numerous real-world problems. This new edition has more than l00 additional pages, and includes streamlined statistics for the k-sample comparison and analysis of variance plus expanded sections on computational techniques, multiple comparisons, multiple regression, comparing variances, and testing interactions in balanced designs. |
| raz test: Property Testing Oded Goldreich, 2010-10-08 Property Testing is the study of super-fast (randomized) algorithms for approximate decision making. These algorithms are given direct access to items of a huge data set, and determine, whether this data set has some predetermined (global) property or is far from having this property. Remarkably, this approximate decision is made by accessing a small portion of the data set. This state-of-the-art survey presents a collection of extended abstracts and surveys of leading researchers in property testing and related areas; it reflects the program of a mini-workshop on property testing that took place in January 2010 at the Institute for Computer Science (ITCS), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. The volume contains two editor's introductions, 10 survey papers and 18 extended abstracts. |
| raz test: New Essays on the Nature of Rights Mark McBride, 2017-08-24 This original collection of jurisprudential essays furthers our understanding of the nature of rights. In Part 1, Halpin considers the value of Hohfeldian neutrality when theorising about law in general, and legal rights in particular, and Kurki focuses on Hohfeld's operative notion of power. In Part 2, Kramer rebuts Wenar's objections to his Interest Theory of rights, and May provides a comparative defence of the Interest Theory against Wenar's Kind-Desire theory of claim-rights. Penner then pursues legal doctrine, focusing on whether judges hold the powers of their office as rights, an issue over which Wenar and Kramer have clashed. Sreenivasan, utilising a novel test case involving pure public goods, argues that the third party beneficiary objection to the Interest Theory is fatal. McBride builds on Sreenivasan's Hybrid Theory of claim-rights to construct his new Tracking Theory of rights. Cruft then argues that the best extant versions of the Interest and Will Theories of rights cannot avoid a form of circularity, and Van Duffel argues that meeting four adequacy constraints, which he proposes, counts in favour of any theory of rights. In Part 3, Andersson proposes a tie breaking procedure for rights conflicts in the applied realm of politics, and Steiner concludes by alleging that Kant's principle of right, a standard of corrective justice, has distributive implications. 'A fine collection of cutting-edge essays on the most important normative concept of modernity.' Professor Leif Wenar, King's College London 'This important collection proceeds much beyond the famous 1998 A Debate Over Rights which sets the stage for the debates concerning rights since then. It explores three aspects of rights. First it re-examines the Hohfeldian classification and highlights its importance and relevance. Second it investigates and develops the debates between the interest and the will theory. It includes essays by the main established proponents of these two positions as well as essays by newcomers to this field. The different essays in this part address each other in ways which sharpen and clarify the disagreements and provide new original arguments for the contending views. Last, it provides a new perspective on the debates concerning conflicts of rights and the ways to overcome them. This collection will no doubt dominate the future conceptual discussions concerning the nature of rights and their role in political theory.' Professor Alon Harel, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| raz test: Legal Validity Maris Köpcke, 2019-01-24 Critical human interests are affected on a daily basis by appeal to past decisions deemed to be 'legally valid'. They include statutes, deportation orders, judgments, mortgage contracts, patents and wills. Through the technique of validity, lawyerly reasoning settles morally pressing matters in a way that largely bypasses moral argument. Legal philosophy has paid considerable attention to validity criteria, but it has neglected to explore validity's point: whether, and if so how, the pervasive technique of validity can contribute to a legal system's ability to realise justice and human rights. This book shows that validity can help a political community to foster justice precisely because validity does not primarily turn on moral considerations. Validity serves to both allocate, and limit, a distinct kind of power, a power that is key to forging valuable forms of enterprise and commitment in pursuit of individual and collective self-direction. By entrusting the capacity to decide to those who, in justice, ought to bear it, validity can enable persons and institutions to rally the resources and opportunities that only large-scale behavioural convergence can afford, thereby weaving a fabric of just relationships within the systemic framework of law. |
| raz test: Resolving Conflicts between Human Rights Stijn Smet, 2016-11-10 Under the influence of the global spread of human rights, legal disputes are increasingly framed in human rights terms. Parties to a legal dispute can often invoke human rights norms in support of their competing claims. Yet, when confronted with cases in which human rights conflict, judges face a dilemma. They have to make difficult choices between superior norms that deserve equal respect. In this high-level book, the author sets out how judges the world over could resolve conflicts between human rights. He presents an innovative legal theoretical account of such conflicts, questioning the relevance of the influential proportionality test to their resolution. Instead, the author develops a novel resolution framework, specifically designed to tackle human rights conflicts. The book combines concerted normative theory with profound practical analysis, firmly rooting its theoretical arguments in human rights practice. Although the analysis draws primarily on the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the book’s core arguments are applicable to judicial practice in general. As such, the book should be of great interest to academics, postgraduate students and legal practitioners in Europe and beyond. The book is particularly suited for use in advanced courses on legal theory, human rights law and jurisprudence. |
| raz test: Paradigms of Combinatorial Optimization Vangelis Th. Paschos, 2014-08-08 Combinatorial optimization is a multidisciplinary scientific area, lying in the interface of three major scientific domains: mathematics, theoretical computer science and management. The three volumes of the Combinatorial Optimization series aim to cover a wide range of topics in this area. These topics also deal with fundamental notions and approaches as with several classical applications of combinatorial optimization. Concepts of Combinatorial Optimization, is divided into three parts: - On the complexity of combinatorial optimization problems, presenting basics about worst-case and randomized complexity; - Classical solution methods, presenting the two most-known methods for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems, that are Branch-and-Bound and Dynamic Programming; - Elements from mathematical programming, presenting fundamentals from mathematical programming based methods that are in the heart of Operations Research since the origins of this field. |
| raz test: Hardware and Software: Verification and Testing Armin Biere, Amir Nahir, Tanja Vos, 2013-07-03 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 8th International Haifa Verification Conference, HVC 2012, held in Haifa, Israel in November 2012. The 18 revised full papers presented together with 3 poster presentations were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. They focus on the future directions of testing and verification for hardware, software, and complex hybrid systems. |
| raz test: Legal Directives and Practical Reasons Noam Gur, 2018-11-15 This book investigates law's interaction with practical reasons. What difference can legal requirements-e.g. traffic rules, tax laws, or work safety regulations-make to normative reasons relevant to our action? Do they give reasons for action that should be weighed among all other reasons? Or can they, instead, exclude and take the place of some other reasons? The book critically examines some of the existing answers and puts forward an alternative understanding of law's interaction with practical reasons. At the outset, two competing positions are pitted against each other: Joseph Raz's view that (legitimate) legal authorities have pre-emptive force, namely that they give reasons for action that exclude some other reasons; and an antithesis, according to which law-making institutions (even those that meet prerequisites of legitimacy) can at most provide us with reasons that compete in weight with opposing reasons for action. These two positions are examined from several perspectives, such as justified disobedience cases, law's conduct-guiding function in contexts of bounded rationality, and the phenomenology associated with authority. It is found that, although each of the above positions offers insight into the conundrum at hand, both suffer from significant flaws. These observations form the basis on which an alternative position is put forward and defended. According to this position, the existence of a reasonably just and well-functioning legal system constitutes a reason that fits neither into a model of ordinary reasons for action nor into a pre-emptive paradigm-it constitutes a reason to adopt an (overridable) disposition that inclines its possessor towards compliance with the system's requirements. Runner-up for the Peter Birks Book Prize for Outstanding Legal Scholarship 2019. |
| raz test: Ethnicity and Group Rights Ian Shapiro, Will Kymlicka, 1997 Invoking numerous case studies and addressing the issue of ethnicity from a range of perspectives, Ethnicity and Group Rights seeks to answer these questions. |
| raz test: Autonomy, Oppression, and Gender Andrea Veltman, Mark Piper, 2014-07-14 This collection of new essays examines philosophical issues at the intersection of feminism and autonomy studies. Are autonomy and independence useful goals for women and subordinate persons? Is autonomy possible in contexts of social subordination? Is the pursuit of desires that issue from patriarchal norms consistent with autonomous agency? How do emotions and caring relate to autonomous deliberation? Contributors to this collection answer these questions and others, advancing central debates in autonomy theory by examining basic components, normative commitments, and applications of conceptions of autonomy. Several chapters look at the conditions necessary for autonomous agency and at the role that values and norms -- such as independence, equality, inclusivity, self-respect, care and femininity -- play in feminist theories of autonomy. Whereas some contributing authors focus on dimensions of autonomy that are internal to the mind -- such as deliberative reflection, desires, cares, emotions, self-identities and feelings of self-worth -- several authors address social conditions and practices that support or stifle autonomous agency, often answering questions of practical import. These include such questions as: What type of gender socialization best supports autonomous agency and feminist goals? When does adapting to severely oppressive circumstances, such as those in human trafficking, turn into a loss of autonomy? How are ideals of autonomy affected by capitalism? and How do conceptions of autonomy inform issues in bioethics, such as end-of-life decisions, or rights to bodily self-determination? |
| raz test: Groups, Rules and Legal Practice Rodrigo Eduardo Sánchez Brigido, 2010-04-06 Ever since Hart ́s The Concept of Law, legal philosophers agree that the practice of law-applying officials is a fundamental aspect of law. Yet there is a huge disagreement on the nature of this practice. Is it a conventional practice? Is it like the practice that takes place, more generally, when there is a social rule in a group? Does it share the nature of collective intentional action? The book explores the main responses to these questions, and claims that they fail on two main counts: current theories do not explain officials ́ beliefs that they are under a duty qua members of an institution, and they do not explain officials ́ disagreement about the content of these institutional duties. Based on a particular theory of collective action, the author elaborates then an account of certain institutions, and claims that the practice is an institutional practice of sorts. This would explain officials ́ beliefs in institutional duties, and officials ́ disagreement about those duties. The book should be of interest to legal philosophers, but also to those concerned with group and social action theories and, more generally, with the nature of institutions. |
| raz test: Animal Rights Law Raffael Fasel, Sean C Butler, 2023-02-23 Do animals have legal rights? This pioneering book tells readers everything they need to know about animal rights law. Using straightforward examples from over 30 legal systems from both the civil and common law traditions, and based on popular courses run by the authors at the Cambridge Centre for Animal Rights, the book takes the reader from the earliest anti-cruelty laws to modern animal welfare laws, to recent attempts to grant basic rights and personhood to animals. To help readers understand this legal evolution, it explains the ethics, legal theory, and social issues behind animal rights and connected topics such as property, subjecthood, dignity, and human rights. The book's companion website (bloomsbury.pub/animal-rights-law) provides access to briefs on the latest developments in this fast-changing area, and gives readers the tools to investigate their own legal systems with a list of key references to the latest cases, legislation, and jurisdiction-specific bibliographic references. Rich in exercises and study aids, this easy-to-use introduction is a prime resource for students from all disciplines and for anyone else who wants to understand how animals are protected by the law. |
| raz test: Reasoning with Law Andrew Halpin, 2001-12-12 The reader is invited to follow a route that visits Fish's view of theory and practice,Raz's legal reasoning thesis, theoretical models of judicial review, Dworkin's right answer thesis, the law of the excluded middle and Lukasiewicz's development of three-valued logic, Wittgenstein's language games, and Moore's metaphysical realism. The destination is the practice at the heart of legal reasoning. It is suggested that this manifests the way in which the limitations of language and the incompleteness of human experience allow the opportunity for coherent development of the law and at the same time produce an inherent incoherence within the law. The central part of the book seeks to demonstrate how the problems of understanding legal reasoning replicate difficulties encountered in the philosophy of language, but challenges the attempts that have been made to harness approaches from within that discipline to illuminate legal reasoning. Instead it is argued that law provides an unrivalled test-bed for examining the limits of the capacity of our words, and that the study of law may be used to confront in a robust and illuminating manner the limitations of that discipline. The final chapter considers some of the implications of recognising the incoherence at the heart of legal reasoning, commenting on an institutional approach to law, the legitimacy of law, legal definitions, different approaches to legal reasoning, the role of appellate courts, the general possibility of providing a theoretical model of law, the use of legal rules, and the nature of law's critical aperture. The book should be of interest to advanced undergraduate students (particularly on jurisprudence courses), postgraduate students, academics, and practitioners concerned to reflect on the nature of the discipline they practice. |
| raz test: Permutation, Parametric, and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses Phillip I. Good, 2005-12-19 Previous edition sold over 1400 copies worldwide. This new edition includes many more real-world illustrations from biology, business, clinical trials, economics, geology, law, medicine, social science and engineering along with twice the number of exercises. |
| raz test: Developmental Follow-Up Sarah L. Friedman, H. Carl Haywood, 2013-09-11 Developmental Follow-Up: Concepts, Domains, and Methods is a compendium of papers that deals with developmental follow-up research, follow-up studies, criterion assessment variables and instruments, as well as analyses of developmental data. The book discusses the historical, theoretical, and methodological considerations in developmental follow-up strategies. Some papers review the history of developmental follow-up research from the early 1920s to the late 1980s, with some insights into future-oriented themes. The book also cites as an example the study of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child development. Other papers address health surveillance and child development, including early cognitive development and the contribution of peer interaction. Some papers consider the experimental design and data analysis such as those concerning planning for follow-up studies that will involve finances, time and resources, as well as the career impact for the investigator. Another paper reviews the significance of the time when children in the United States received a significant amount of care from someone who was not their mother. The book also discusses the role of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development propelled by societal change in a postindustrial age. The text can prove valuable for psychologists, developmental scientists, social workers, and practitioners involved in human behavioral sciences and policy studies. |
| raz test: Impartiality in Moral and Political Philosophy Susan Mendus, 2002 The debate between impartialists and their critics has dominated both moral and political philosophy during the 1990s. This book attempts to show both that the dispute between impartialists and their critics runs very deep, and that it can nonetheless be resolved. |
| raz test: Shared Authority Dimitrios Kyritsis, 2015-01-22 This new book advances a fresh philosophical account of the relationship between the legislature and courts, opposing the common conception of law, in which it is legislatures that primarily create the law, and courts that primarily apply it. This conception has eclectic affinities with legal positivism, and although it may have been a helpful intellectual tool in the past, it now increasingly generates more problems than it solves. For this reason, the author argues, legal philosophers are better off abandoning it. At the same time they are asked to dismantle the philosophical and doctrinal infrastructure that has been based on it and which has been hitherto largely unquestioned. In its place the book offers an alternative framework for understanding the role of courts and the legislature; a framework which is distinctly anti-positivist and which builds on Ronald Dworkin's interpretive theory of law. But, contrary to Dworkin, it insists that legal duty is sensitive to the position one occupies in the project of governing; legal interpretation is not the solitary task of one super-judge, but a collaborative task structured by principles of institutional morality such as separation of powers which impose a moral duty on participants to respect each other's contributions. Moreover this collaborative task will often involve citizens taking an active role in their interaction with the law. |
| raz test: The Quest for the Description of the Law Reidar Edvinsson, 2008-09-27 My dissertation for LLD (or JSD) Att beskriva rätten (To Describe Law), which was written under my bachelor surname of Andréasson, was presented for public exa- nation on Nov 4, 2004. Since then the text has been developed in two separate directions. On the one hand, three of the chapters have been made more accessible to students of jurisprudence and have been included in the second edition of the te- book Rättsfilosofi, samhälle och moral genom tiderna edited by Joakim Nergelius. On the other hand, the whole dissertation has been revised, translated and published as the present book. In the time that has passed since my dissertation, many things have changed. On the personal level, my friend and tutor, Aleksander Peczenick, was sadly taken away from my circle of colleagues. In contrast to that sad event, I have spent two nine-month periods on paternity leave, raising my two children, Selma and Bernhard. This past year, I have decided to move from theory to practice and have started working in a court of law. During my work on the dissertation, I had the opportunity to spend a rewarding term at Rutgers University in Camden, NJ visiting Professor Dennis Patterson. Since this book is a continuation of that project, it feels appropriate to repeat my thanks to Professor Patterson and STINT (The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education) for making that visit possible. |
| raz test: Rethinking Rape Law Clare McGlynn, Vanessa E. Munro, 2010-07-12 Rethinking Rape Law provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of contemporary rape laws, across a range of jurisdictions. In a context in which there has been considerable legal reform of sexual offences, Rethinking Rape Law engages with developments spanning national, regional and international frameworks. It is only when we fully understand the differences between the law of rape in times of war and in times of peace, between common law and continental jurisdictions, between societies in transition and societies long inured to feminist activism, that we are able to understand and evaluate current practices, with a view to change and a better future for victims of sexual crimes. Written by leading authors from across the world, this is the first authoritative text on rape law that crosses jurisdictions, examines its conceptual and theoretical foundations, and sets the law in its policy context. It is destined to become the primary source for scholarly work and debate on sexual offences laws. |
| raz test: Introduction to Property Testing Oded Goldreich, 2017-11-23 An extensive and authoritative introduction to property testing, the study of super-fast algorithms for the structural analysis of large quantities of data in order to determine global properties. This book can be used both as a reference book and a textbook, and includes numerous exercises. |
| raz test: A Philosophy of Comparisons Hartmut von Sass, 2021-09-09 Comparing is one of the most essential practices, in our everyday life as well as in science and humanities. In this in-depth philosophical analysis of the structure, practice and ethics of comparative procedures, Hartmut von Sass expands on the significance of comparison. Elucidating the ramified structure of comparing, von Sass suggests a typology of comparisons before introducing the notion of comparative injustice and the limits of comparisons. He elaborates on comparing as practice by relating comparing to three relative practices – orienting, describing, and expressing oneself – to unfold some of the most important chapters of what might be called comparativism. This approach allows von Sass to clarify the idea of the incomparable, distinguish between different versions of incomparability and shed light on important ethical aspects of comparisons today. Confronting the claim that we are living in an age of comparisons, his book is an important contribution to ideas surrounding all-encompassing measurements and scalability and their critique. |
| raz test: Judging Positivism Margaret Martin, 2014-12-01 Judging Positivism is a critical exploration of the method and substance of legal positivism. Margaret Martin is primarily concerned with the manner in which theorists who adopt the dominant positivist paradigm ask a limited set of questions and offer an equally limited set of answers, artificially circumscribing the field of legal philosophy in the process. The book focuses primarily but not exclusively on the writings of prominent legal positivist, Joseph Raz. Martin argues that Raz's theory has changed over time and that these changes have led to deep inconsistencies and incoherencies in his account. One re-occurring theme in the book is that Razian positivism collapses from within. In the process of defending his own position, Raz is led to support the views of many of his main rivals, namely, Ronald Dworkin, the legal realists and the normative positivists. The internal collapse of Razian positivism proves to be instructive. Promising paths of inquiry come into view and questions that have been suppressed or marginalised by positivists re-emerge ready for curious minds to reflect on anew. The broader vision of jurisprudential inquiry defended in this book re-connects philosophy with the work of practitioners and the worries of law's subjects, bringing into focus the relevance of legal philosophy for lawyers and laymen alike. |
| raz test: Assisting Reproduction, Testing Genes Daphna Birenbaum-Carmeli, Marcia C. Inhorn, 2009-08-01 Following the routinization of assisted reproduction in the industrialized world, technologies such as in vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and DNA-based paternity testing have traveled globally and are now being offered to couples in numerous non-Western countries. This volume explores the application and impact of these advanced reproductive and genetic technologies in societies across the globe. By highlighting both the cross-cultural similarities and diverse meanings that technologies may assume as they enter multiple contexts, the book aims to foster understanding of both the technologies and the settings. Enhanced by cross-cultural perspectives, the book addresses the challenges that globalization presents to local understandings of science, technology, and medicine. |
| raz test: IQ and Human Intelligence Nicholas Mackintosh, 2011-03-03 'What is intelligence?' may seem like a simple question to answer, but the study and measurement of human intelligence is one of the most controversial subjects in psychology. IQ and Human Intelligence provides an authoritative overview of the main issues surrounding this fascinating area. |
| raz test: The Morality of Conflict Samantha Besson, 2005-11-25 This book explores the relationship between the law and pervasive and persistent reasonable disagreement about justice. It reveals the central moral function and creative force of reasonable disagreement in and about the law and shows why and how lawyers and legal philosophers should take reasonable conflict more seriously. Even though the law should be regarded as the primary mode of settlement of our moral conflicts,it can, and should, also be the object and the forum of further moral conflicts. There is more to the rule of law than convergence and determinacy and it is important therefore to question the importance of agreement in law and politics. By addressing in detail issues pertaining to the nature and sources of disagreement, its extent and significance, as well as the procedural, institutional and substantive responses to disagreement in the law and their legitimacy, this book suggests the value of a comprehensive approach to thinking about conflict, which until recently has been analysed in a compartmentalized way. It aims to provide a fully-fledged political morality of conflict by drawing on the analysis of topical jurisprudential questions in the new light of disagreement. Developing such a global theory of disagreement in the law should be read in the context of the broader effort of reconstructing a complete account of democratic law-making in pluralistic societies. The book will be of value not only to legal philosophers and constitutional theorists, but also to political and democratic theorists, as well as to all those interested in public decision-making in conditions of conflict. |
| raz test: Agency, Morality and Law Joshua Jowitt, 2023-01-12 How does law possess the normative force it requires to direct our actions? This book argues that this seemingly innocuous question is of central importance to the philosophy of law and, by extension, of the very concept of law itself. It advances a position grounded in the secular natural law tradition, and in doing so addresses the two success criteria for this position head on: Firstly, that commitment to the existence of a supreme moral principle is required; Secondly, that any supreme moral principle must be identifiable through human reason. The book argues that these conditions are met by Alan Gewirth's Principle of Generic Consistency (PGC), which – through a dialectically necessary argument – locates the existence of universally applicable moral norms in the concept of agency. Given the very purpose of law is to guide action, legal norms must be located in a unified hierarchy of practical reason. It follows that, if law is to succeed in claiming to be capable of guiding our action, moral permissibility with reference to the PGC is a necessary condition of a rule's legal validity. This strong theory of natural law is defended throughout, both against moral sceptics and positions within contemporary legal positivism. |
| raz test: Looking Down on Human Intelligence Ian J. Deary, 2000 Why are some people more mentally able than others ? In an authoritative, critical and intergrated series of review essays Professor Ian Deary inquires after the cognitive and biological foundations of human mental ability differences. Many accounts of intelligence have examined the structure and number of human mental ability differences and whether they can predict sucess in education,work and social life. Few books have taken psychometric intelligence differences as a starting point and brought together the reductionistic attempts to explain them.New to the highly acclaimed Oxford Psychology Series, Looking Down on Human Intelligence appraises the search for the origins of psychometric intelligence differences in terms of brain function parameters. The book provides an original and thought provoking guide to ancient and modern research on one of the most compelling questions in human psychology. |
| raz test: Biostatistics Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner, 2008 This new edition of the book will be produced in two versions. The textbook will include a CD-Rom with two videotaped lectures by the authors. This book translates biostatistics in the health sciences literature with clarity and irreverence. Students and practitioners alike, applaud Biostatistics as the practical guide that exposes them to every statistical test they may encounter, with careful conceptual explanations and a minimum of algebra. What's New? The new Bare Essentials reflects recent advances in statistics, as well as time-honored methods. For example, hierarchical linear modeling which first appeared in psychology journals and only now is described in medical literature. Also new, is a chapter on testing for equivalence and non-inferiority. As well as a chapter with information to get started with the computer statistics program, SPSS. Free of calculations and jargon, Bare Essentials speaks so plainly that you won't need a technical dictionary. No math, all concepts. The objective is to enable you to determine if the research results are applicable to your own patients. Throughout the guide, you'll find highlights of areas in which researchers misuse or misinterpret statistical tests. We have labeled these C.R.A.P. Detectors (Convoluted Reasoning and Anti-intellectual Pomposity), which help you to identify faulty methodology and misuse of statistics. |
| raz test: Transactions American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 1925 |
| raz test: In Pursuit of Pluralist Jurisprudence Nicole Roughan, Andrew Halpin, 2017-09-14 The pluralist turn in jurisprudence has led to a search for new ways of thinking about law. The relationships between state law and other legal orders such as international, customary, transnational or indigenous law are particularly significant in this development. Collecting together new work by leading scholars in the field, this volume considers the basic questions about what would be an appropriate theoretical response to this shift: how precisely is it to be undertaken? Is it called for by developments in legal practice or are these adequately addressed by current legal theory? What normative challenges are raised, and what fresh promises might the pluralist turn hold? What distinctive insights can it offer for theorising about law? This book presents a rich variety of resources drawn from a number of theoretical approaches and demonstrates how they might be brought together to generate an increasingly important pluralist jurisprudence. |
| raz test: American Artisan, Tinner and House Furnisher Daniel Stern, 1927 |
| raz test: Global Health Impact Nicole Hassoun, 2020 Every year nine million people are diagnosed with tuberculosis, every day over 13,400 people are infected with AIDs, and every thirty seconds malaria kills a child. For most of the world, critical medications that treat these deadly diseases are scarce, costly, and growing obsolete, as access to first-line drugs remains out of reach and resistance rates rise. Rather than focusing research and development on creating affordable medicines for these deadly global diseases, pharmaceutical companies instead invest in commercially lucrative products for more affluent customers. Nicole Hassoun argues that everyone has a human right to health and to access to essential medicines, and she proposes the Global Health Impact (global-health-impact.org/new) system as a means to guarantee those rights. Her proposal directly addresses the pharmaceutical industry's role: it rates pharmaceutical companies based on their medicines' impact on improving global health, rewarding highly-rated medicines with a Global Health Impact label. Global Health Impact has three parts. The first makes the case for a human right to health and specifically access to essential medicines. Hassoun defends the argument against recent criticism of these proposed rights. The second section develops the Global Health Impact proposal in detail. The final section explores the proposal's potential applications and effects, considering the empirical evidence that supports it and comparing it to similar ethical labels. Through a thoughtful and interdisciplinary approach to creating new labeling, investment, and licensing strategies, Global Health Impact demands an unwavering commitment to global justice and corporate responsibility. |
| raz test: Automata, Languages and Programming Samson Abramsky, Cyril Gavoille, Claude Kirchner, Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide, Paul Spirakis, 2010-06-30 The two-volume set LNCS 6198 and LNCS 6199 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 37th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, ICALP 2010, held in Bordeaux, France, in July 2010. The 106 revised full papers (60 papers for track A, 30 for track B, and 16 for track C) presented together with 6 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 389 submissions. The papers are grouped in three major tracks on algorithms, complexity and games; on logic, semantics, automata, and theory of programming; as well as on foundations of networked computation: models, algorithms and information management. LNCS 6198 contains 60 contributions of track A selected from 222 submissions as well as 2 invited talks. |
| raz test: Legality's Borders Keith Culver, Michael Giudice, 2010-04-08 This text explains the rudiments of an inter-institutional theory of law, a theory which finds legality in the interaction between legal institutions, whose legality we characterize in terms of the kinds of norms they use rather than their content or system-membership. |
| raz test: Protocol Specification and Testing Katalin Tarnay, 2012-12-06 The increasing number of computer networks has aroused users' interest in many and various fields of applications, in how a computer network can be built, and in how it may be used. The fundamental rules of computer networks are the protocols. A protocol is a set of rules that governs the operation of functional units to achieve communication [STA-86}. The book follows a practical approach to protocol speci fication and testing, but at the same time it introduces clearly and precisely the relevant theoretical fundamentals. The principal objectives of this work are: to familiarize readers with communication protocols, to present the main, formal description techniques, to apply various formal description techniques to protocol specification and testing. It is considered that the readership will primarily consist of protocol developers, protocol users, and all who utilize protocol testers. Secondly the book is suggested for postgraduate courses or other university courses dealing with communication networks and data communication. A large part of the book provides a comprehensive overview for managers; some parts are of especial interest to postal organizations. The book consists of three parts: the first part introduces the OS! Reference Model, it provides an overview of the most frequently used protocols and explains the fundamentals of protocol testing. The second part familiarizes readers with the methods used for protocol 5pecification, generation, and testing. Finite-state machines, formal grammars, Petri nets and some speCification languages (SDL, ESTELLE, LOTOS) are discussed in a pragmatic style. The third part deals with applications. |
| raz test: Hardware and Software: Verification and Testing Kedar Namjoshi, Andreas Zeller, Avi Ziv, 2011-02-10 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post proceedings of the 5th International Haifa Verification Conference, HVC 2009, held in Haifa, Israel in October 2009. The 11 revised full papers presented together with four abstracts of invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. The papers address all current issues, challenges and future directions of verification for hardware, software, and hybrid systems and present academic research in the verification of systems, generally divided into two paradigms - formal verification and dynamic verification (testing). |
| raz test: Board of Contract Appeals Decisions United States. Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals, 1995 The full texts of Armed Services and othr Boards of Contract Appeals decisions on contracts appeals. |
Raz-Kids
Online guided reading program with interactive ebooks, downloadable books, and reading quizzes.
Raz-Plus: The online reading program with downloadable books …
Award-winning reading solution with thousands of leveled readers, lesson plans, worksheets and assessments to teach guided reading, reading proficiency and comprehension to K-5 students
Online Reading Resources for Students & Teachers | Raz-Kids
Raz-Kids delivers interactive computer-based and mobile books and quizzes at different levels of text complexity.
Student Portal | Raz-Plus
Students earn stars by completing activities. They can spend their stars by customizing their avatar in the Avatar Builder, or Raz Rocket in the Star Zone. You can turn these incentives On …
Interactive ebooks for children - Raz-Kids
Constructed response quiz questions (Raz-Plus, Raz-Kids, and Science A-Z) give students the opportunity to type a short-answer response to a question. These questions promote close …
What Is Raz-Kids? | Learning A-Z Help Center
Raz-Kids is an award-winning teaching product that provides comprehensive reading resources for students. With hundreds of eBooks at various levels of complexity, it’s easy to provide the …
About Raz-Plus - Reading A-Z
With more than 50,000 resources that include more than 3,000 leveled books and readers available in multiple formats, Raz-Plus makes it easier than ever before to strengthen the …
Raz-Kids - Learning A-Z: Helping Teachers Make An Impact, …
Learning A-Z, Foundations A-Z, Raz-Kids, Raz-Plus, Reading A-Z, Science A-Z, Vocabulary A-Z, and Writing A-Z are registered trademarks of LAZEL, Inc. All other trademarks, logos, service …
Raz-Kids At A Glance Video - Learning A-Z
Watch this video to see how Raz-Kids helps students improve their reading skills with dynamic anytime, anywhere reading practice.
Interactive ebooks for children - Raz-Kids
Raz-Kids delivers comprehensive reading resources at a range of text complexities. With the Kids A-Z mobile app, Raz-Kids customers have free mobile access to every eBook and …
Raz-Kids
Online guided reading program with interactive ebooks, downloadable books, and reading quizzes.
Raz-Plus: The online reading program with downloadable …
Award-winning reading solution with thousands of leveled readers, lesson plans, worksheets and assessments to teach guided reading, reading …
Online Reading Resources for Students & Teachers | Raz-Ki…
Raz-Kids delivers interactive computer-based and mobile books and quizzes at different levels of text complexity.
Student Portal | Raz-Plus
Students earn stars by completing activities. They can spend their stars by customizing their avatar in the Avatar Builder, or Raz Rocket in the Star …
Interactive ebooks for children - Raz-Kids
Constructed response quiz questions (Raz-Plus, Raz-Kids, and Science A-Z) give students the opportunity to type a short-answer response to a …
