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| robert elsie albanian: A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture Robert Elsie, 2001 In some senses, Albania is a living museum of the past. Originally a small herding community in the most inaccessible reaches of the Balkans, the presence of Albanians in southeastern Europe has been documented for over a thousand years. Albanian traditional folk culture, which evolved over centuries of relative isolation, is surprisingly rich. Yet despite recent events this culture remains little known to the Western world. Due to the lasting effects of a half century of Stalinist dictatorship, very few individuals even in Albania know much about their own popular traditions. The Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture makes available for the first time a wealth of knowledge about Albanian popular belief and folk customs. Alphabetical entries shed light on blood feuding, figures of Albanian mythology, religious beliefs, communities, and sects, calendar feasts and rituals, and popular superstitions, as well as birth, marriage, and funeral customs, and sexual mores. This unique volume will stand as the standard reference work on the subject for years to come. |
| robert elsie albanian: The Tribes of Albania Robert Elsie, 2015-04-24 Northern Albania and Montenegro are the only regions in Europe to have retained a true tribal society up to the mid-twentieth century. This book provides the first scholarly investigation of this tribal society, a pioneer work that offers a detailed survey of all the major Albanian-speaking tribes in Albania, Montenegro and Kosovo. Robert Elsie provides comprehensive material on the 69 different tribes, including data on their locations, religious affiliations, tribal structures and relations, population statistics, tribal folklore, legends and history. Also included are excerpts from the works of prominent nineteenth and early-twentieth century writers, such as Edith Durham and Johann Georg von Hahn, who travelled through the tribal regions, as well as short biographies on prominent figures linked to the tribes. As the first book of its kind, The Tribes of Albania will be of interest to scholars and students of the Balkans, of southeastern European anthropology, ethnography and history. 'The tribal system of northern Albania is one of the most fascinating aspects of a very distinctive part of Europe. Over hundreds of years, when their territory was under Ottoman rule but seldom fully under Ottoman control, these tribes provided a basis for social identity, local justice and military action. So cohesive were they that the unity of a tribe could easily survive the conversion of one part of it to Islam. Anyone who studies the history of these people will encounter tribal names and tribal identities at every step; and yet, until now, there has never been a general work gathering all the scattered information about them that survives in sources of many different kinds. The Tribes of Albania will be an indispensable and authoritative work of reference. There are few people in the world who could have written such a work; absolutely no one could have done it as well as Robert Elsie, whose knowledge of this material is unparalleled.' - Sir Noel Malcolm, Senior Research Fellow, All Souls College, University of Oxford |
| robert elsie albanian: The Albanian Bektashi Robert Elsie, 2019-07-25 The Bektashi dervish order is a Sufi Alevite sect found in Anatolia and the Balkans with a strong presence in Albania. In this, his final book, Robert Elsie analyses the Albanian Bektashi and considers their role in the country's history and society. Although much has been written on the Bektashi in Turkey, little has appeared on the Albanian branch of the sect. Robert Elsie considers the history and culture of the Bektashi, analyses writings on the order by early travellers to the region such as Margaret Hasluck and Sir Arthur Evans and provides a comprehensive list of tekkes (convents) and tyrbes (shrines) in Albania and neighbouring countries. Finally he presents a catalogue of notable Albanian Bektashi figures in history and legend. This book provides a complete reference guide to the Bektashi in Albania which will be essential reading for scholars of the Balkans, Islamic sects and Albanian history and culture. |
| robert elsie albanian: Classical Albanian Literature Robert Elsie, 2015-07-18 This reader presents the best of classical Albanian literature, from the end of the nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth century. It includes the best-known works of the age, poetry in particular. After a sluggish start, Albanian literature flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. By the mid-1930s, it reached a zenith, when intellectual life in the country was finally on a sound footing. A modern literature had been created in Albania and the nation had come of age. Alas, it was a brief blossoming in the shadow of the apocalypse which loomed in the form of the Stalinist regime that seized power in 1944 and would snuff out all genuine literary production for decades to come. |
| robert elsie albanian: Early Albania Robert Elsie, 2003 The present volume endeavours to throw light on a corner of Europe which is often ignored by historians. The book is not a history of early Albania, but rather a collection of important historical documents and texts from the 11th to the 17th centuries, which will add to an understanding of the early history and development of Albania and its people. The vast majority of these works has never been published in English before. The first section of the book focusses on the emergence of the Albanians as a people and provides the reader with the earliest documents which make reference to them. The second, and main section of the volume provides a broader view of history and geography and, in particular, of life in Albania from the 12th to the 17th centuries. It relies primarily on the reports of travellers and chroniclers, many of whom offer fascinating, firsthand information on what they saw and experienced during their travels in the country. |
| robert elsie albanian: The Burden of the Balkans Mary Edith Durham, 1905 |
| robert elsie albanian: Historical Dictionary of Albania Robert Elsie, 2010 Albania is not well known by outsiders; it was deliberately closed to the outside world during the communist era. Now it has thankfully become free again, its borders are open and it can be visited, and it is increasingly integrating with the rest of Europe and beyond. Unfortunately, Albania has had its share of problems in the post-communist era; it's a land of destitution and despair, thanks in part to the Albanian mafia, which has turned the country into one of blood-feuds, kalashnikovs, and eternal crises. Yet, Albania is, in essence, a European nation like any other ... |
| robert elsie albanian: History of Albania Tajar Zavalani, Robert Elsie, Bejtullah Destani, 2015-01-19 The History of Albania by Tajar Zavalani (1903-1966) is the first full-length history of Albania to have been written in English. It covers the period from ancient times to the mid-twentieth century and provides the reader with a good overview of the historical development of a Balkan nation, which has to a large extent been ignored, even by scholars and specialists in Southeast European history. Retrieved after fifty years of oblivion, the fruits of Zavalani's imposing project are now available to the reading public for the first time. Tajar Zavalani was born in Korça (Albania) and fled to Italy with the rise of the dictatorship of Ahmet Zogu. There, Soviet agents recruited him and offered to let him study in Russia as a “victim of counter-revolution.” In November 1930, after several years of study in Moscow and Leningrad, he left Russia, about which he now had serious misgivings. After the Italian invasion of Albania in 1939, Zavalani was interned in northern Italy, from where he escaped with his wife, Selma Zavalani (1915-1995), former lady-in-waiting to Queen Geraldine, via Switzerland to France and then in 1940, with King Zog's party, on into exile in England. In November 1940, Zavalani was given a job in the BBC's new Albanian-language service, which he came to head and where he worked until his death in an accident on 19 August 1966. He was a well-known and active figure of the Albanian exile community in Britain. The present History of Albania was composed for the most part between 1961 and 1963.About the Editors:Robert Elsie is an internationally recognized expert in the field of Albanian studies and the author of many books on the history and culture of Albania.Bejtullah Destani is a British-Kosovar scholar and founder of the Centre for Albanian Studies in London. As a diplomat, he has served recently at the Embassies of the Republic of Kosovo in London and Rome. |
| robert elsie albanian: Early Albanian Bible Translations in Todhri Script Robert Elsie, 2016-10-23 The copybooks with Bible translation in Todhri script that the Austrian consul, Johann Georg von Hahn, came across during his travels through Albania in the mid-nineteenth century were long regarded as lost. Their discovery in the Austrian National Library, after a century and a half of oblivion, could rightly be described as a sensation for Albanian studies. These little copybooks have previously never been transcribed or translated. Indeed they have probably not been read and used since the nineteenth century. Todhri script was an original Albanian alphabet invented and used in central Albania in the eighteenth century. The last person to write in Todhri script is said to have died in the 1930s. |
| robert elsie albanian: Twenty Years of Balkan Tangle Mary Edith Durham, 1920 |
| robert elsie albanian: The London Conference and the Albanian Question (1912-1914) Robert Elsie, Bejtullah Destani, 2016-07-14 It was by no means evident in the early years of the twentieth century that Albania in southeastern Europe would become an independent country and would join the family of European nations. After five centuries as a part of the Ottoman Empire, the country was hardly noticed by the other peoples of Europe. This was to change at the time of the Balkans Wars (1912-1913) and the London Conference, at which Albania played a central role and where its fate was decided. The present volume brings together British Foreign Office documents focusing on Albania from 1912 to 1914. Among them are the dispatches and private correspondence of the British Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, who chaired the London Conference and endeavoured to keep peace in Europe at an age when the Great Powers were unwaveringly gravitating towards war and conflagration. |
| robert elsie albanian: The Cham Albanians of Greece Robert Elsie, Bejtullah D. Destani, Rudina Jasini, 2012-12-18 Despite the extensive analysis of the historical, political and legal background of many Balkan conflicts in recent years, little attention has been paid to the tragedy of the Cham ethnic community. In 1913 the commission entrusted by the London Conference of Ambassadors to define the southern borders of the newly created state of Albania ended its proceedings with the Protocol of Florence, which provided that the territories inhabited by almost half of the Albanian population were exempted from the boundaries of the new state. While nearly 800,000 inhabitants found themselves within the new state of Albania, the territories inhabited by the remaining 700,000 ethnic Albanians became constituent parts of Serbia and Greece - the winners of the Balkan Wars. The land of the Chams, a coastal area between southern Albania and north-west Greece known as 'Chameria', was entirely incorporated into Greece. Since that time, the predominantly Muslim Chams have faced severe persecution and forced expulsion from their homes in Greece, particularly under the Metaxas regime, when the Chams were prohibited from using their own language outside of their home, and also during World War II, when Chams were persecuted in retaliation for their collaboration with the Axis powers. In the aftermath of World War II, the continued persecution of the Chams forced many to return to Albania, or to seek refuge in Turkey or the United States with the result that, after the war, only just over 100 Muslim Cham Albanians were left in Greece. In recent years, following the collapse of communism in Albania, when foreign travel again became possible, many have sought to return to their homelands in Greece and to regain their property. The documents gathered together in this book consist of records of the League of Nations and the British Mission, as well as documents assembled by other diplomatic missions between 1913 and the 1960s. Together, they address all of the periods of forced expulsions of the Cham population from Greece. The publication of these documents provides an unparalleled historical record of the Cham story. This book will be essential reading for scholars of Balkan history, politics and human rights. It will provide a fascinating insight into one of the forgotten tragedies of the twentieth century. |
| robert elsie albanian: The Discovery of Albania Johann George von Hahn, 2015-05-12 Johann Georg von Hahn - a nineteenth-century Austrian diplomat and explorer - is generally considered to be the founder of Albanian Studies as a scholarly discipline. It was he who first studied the Balkan country and its people, and who brought them to the attention of the academic world. Despite this acclaim, his work has not been widely available in English until now. In this volume, Robert Elsie has translated Hahn's most important works relating to his travels and studies in Albania during the mid-nineteenth century. Hahn's interests were broad, but he was especially interested in the tribes of Albania and Kosovo and made several ethnographic studies of the cultures and traditions of the tribes he encountered on his travels - including the Kelmendi, Hoti and Kastrati tribes. This volume will be invaluable readers for scholars of Balkan history and anthropology. |
| robert elsie albanian: Tales from Old Shkodra Robert Elsie, 2015-02-09 In the 1920s and 1930s, the writers of Shkodra in northern Albania were profoundly aware of the misery around them, and it is perhaps the extreme diversity of their social environment which furthered their talents. They looked to the West and longed for a new, European Albania, yet they found themselves in an archaic society, one so bound by the force of tradition and custom that progress was impossible. Their writings reflected and gave full expression to this dilemma. The present collection brings together a number of well-known short stories and prose sketches by two of the finest Albanian writers of the first half of the twentieth century: Ernest Koliqi and Migjeni. These two men of Shkodra, one raised as a Catholic and the other as Orthodox, could scarcely have been more different. |
| robert elsie albanian: Historical Dictionary of Kosova Robert Elsie, 2004 Kosova or Kosovo is a dependent region of Serbia, part of the former country of Yugoslavia. It was part of the province of Dalmatia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire before 1919. |
| robert elsie albanian: High Albania Mary Edith Durham, 1909 |
| robert elsie albanian: Rebels, Believers, Survivors Noel Malcolm, 2020-07-10 Thanks to its half-century under Communism, as well as its little-known language, Albania has suffered from neglect and a sense of isolation. Yet, as this study helps to show, the Albanian lands have a long history of interaction with others. They have been a meeting-ground of Christianity and Islam; a channel through which Venice connected with the Ottoman Balkans; a place of interest to the Habsburgs; and a focus for the ambitions of neighbouring powers in the late Ottoman period. Albanians themselves could have many different identities. The studies in this volume, by one of the world's leading experts on Albanian history, range from the fifteenth century to the twentieth, taking in politics, social history, religion and diplomacy. Each is based on original research; the longest, on Ali Pasha, uses a wealth of manuscript material to tell, for the first time, the full story of the vital role he played in the international politics of the Napoleonic Wars. Other studies bring to life ordinary individuals hitherto unknown to history: women hauled before the Inquisition, for example, or the author of the first Albanian autobiography. Some of these studies have been printed before (several in hard-to-find publications, and one only in Albanian), but the greater part of this book appears here for the first time. This is not only a landmark publication for readers interested in south-east European history. It also engages with many broader issues, including religious conversion, 'crypto-Christianity' among Muslims, methods of enslavement within the Ottoman Empire, and the nature of modern myth-making about national identity. |
| robert elsie albanian: Anthology of Modern Albanian Poetry Robert Elsie, 1993 |
| robert elsie albanian: The Albanian Operation of the CIA and MI6, 1949-1953 Nicholas Bethell, 2016-03-01 The Albanian Operation, carried out by British and American secret services from 1949 to 1953, was one of the first Western attempts to subvert a country behind the Iron Curtain. The British liaison officer for the project in Washington was Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent who sabotaged the whole venture. In all, about 300 agents and civilians are thought to have been killed in the disastrous operation. The story was first pieced together by Nicholas Bethell in his 1984 book The Great Betrayal: The Untold Story of Kim Philby's Biggest Coup, based on interviews and conversations with British and American officials and Albanian fighters who infiltrated the Stalinist Albanian regime and escaped alive. The present work presents the interviews and throws new light on what actually took place. |
| robert elsie albanian: The Struggle for Scutari (Turk, Slav, and Albanian) Mary Edith Durham, 1914 |
| robert elsie albanian: Correspondence Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz, Samuel Clarke, 2000-01-01 For this new edition, Roger Ariew has adapted Samuel Clarke's edition of 1717, modernizing it to reflect contemporary English usage. Ariew's introduction places the correspondence in historical context and discusses the vibrant philosophical climate of the times. Appendices provide those selections from the works of Newton that Clarke frequently refers to in the correspondence. A bibliography is also included. |
| robert elsie albanian: Enver Hoxha Blendi Fevziu, 2022-08-17 |
| robert elsie albanian: Escape to Albania Johanna Neumann, Robert Elsie, 2015-10-09 Johanna Jutta Neumann, nee Gerechter, was born in 1930 of a Jewish family in Hamburg. With the rise of the Nazis, she fled with her parents to Albania where she spent the Second World War. Her memoirs narrate the story of her childhood, of her years in Albania under Italian and German occupation, and of her family's survival. |
| robert elsie albanian: Keeping an Eye on the Albanians Robert Elsie, 2015-05-31 The Canadian scholar and writer Robert Elsie, who was born in Vancouver in 1950, has been working and publishing in the field of Albanian Studies for about thirty-five years. The present book is a compilation of his major articles and essays on Albanian culture (history, literature, philology, religion, etc.), a reflection of his constant endeavour to make the tiny Albanian nation better known in the world. |
| robert elsie albanian: Behind Stone Walls Berit Backer, 2015-03-05 'Behind Stone Walls' is a sociological, or more specifically, a social anthropological study of traditional Albanian society. It focuses, in particular, on the formation and evolution of household and family structures among the Kosovo Albanians and was written on the basis of field work carried out by the author in the village of Isniq in western Kosovo in 1976. The study provides the reader with a fascinating glimpse into an exotic world which will soon belong to the past, as the author predicted. |
| robert elsie albanian: Through the Lands of the Serb Mary Edith Durham, 1904 |
| robert elsie albanian: Journals of a Landscape Painter in Albania, &c Edward Lear, 1851 |
| robert elsie albanian: Albanian Identities Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, Bernd Jürgen Fischer, 2002 The contributors to this study critically de-construct Albanian myths and offer insights into Albanian history and politics. They conclude with contemporary Albanian critiques of the origins and functions of Albanian politics and ideologies. |
| robert elsie albanian: Studies in Modern Albanian Literature and Culture Robert Elsie, 1996 This text examines contemporary Albanian literature and culture from an outsider's perspective, bringing major Albanian literary works to a wide audience. |
| robert elsie albanian: The Six Month Kingdom Duncan Heaton-Armstrong, 2005-06-22 In January 1914 the eccentric adventurer Captain Duncan Heaton-Armstrong, on the look out for a more stable career, applied for the post of Private Secretary to the newly appointed King of Albania - the German Prince William of Wied. Heaton-Armstrong describes, with vibrancy, directness and humour, a miniature royal court in a desperately poor and remote corner of Europe. As the First World War engulfed the Balkans in August 1914, two royal infants were escorted back to Germany by Heaton-Armstrong, who was promptly made the first prisoner of war. His remarkable account has been edited for this, the first general edition. |
| robert elsie albanian: Albania and the Albanians Mary Edith Durham, 2001-01-01 |
| robert elsie albanian: Gathering Clouds Robert Elsie, 2015-02-06 The present volume endeavours to throw some light on the historical dimension of ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. It consists of a collection of texts, written from 1912 to 1944, which make it evident that ethnic cleansing in Kosovo and Macedonia was a cornerstone of Serbian Government policies from the moment Serbian forces seized Kosovo and much of Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire in 1912-1913. |
| robert elsie albanian: Albania Faik Konica, 1957 |
| robert elsie albanian: Historical Dictionary of Kosovo Robert Elsie, 2011 This dictionary updates the 2004 edition, which was released when Kosovo was still a Serbian province. It surveys Kosovo's complicated past as a nation of mostly ethnic Albanians who have been under the rule of the Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian Empires as well as a part of Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and, most recently, Serbia. It aims to increase understanding of Europe's newest country while incorporating developments occurring since its February 2008 declaration of independence. Beginning with a chronology, dating from 547 C.E. Four hundred alphabetically organized and highly accessible entries follow, each running several paragraphs and offering a summary explanation of the people, places, organizations, events, and customs that have defined the country's turbulent history. Also noteworthy is the thematically divided 89-page bibliography. |
| robert elsie albanian: The Condemned Apple Visar Zhiti, 2005 This bilingual edition presents the poetry of the greatest living Albanian poet. Visar Zhiti lived a life of great privation: locked away in dictator Enver Hoxha's prisons, he was not allowed pencil or paper. He wrote his poems in his mind and he and other prisoners committed them to memory. Only when Hoxha fell from power and the political prisoners were freed was Zhiti's magnificent poetry brought to print. Now English-speaking readers can share in the remarkably gentle and imaginatively rich poems produced from these years of suffering. |
| robert elsie albanian: Macedonia; Its Races and Their Future Henry Noel Brailsford, 2022-10-26 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
Robert - Wikipedia
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic *Hrōþi- "fame" and *berhta- "bright" (Hrōþiberhtaz). [1] . Compare Old Dutch Robrecht and Old High German …
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Robert - Wikipedia
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic *Hrōþi- "fame" and *berhta- "bright" (Hrōþiberhtaz). [1] . Compare Old Dutch Robrecht and Old High German …
Meaning, origin and history of the name Robert
Oct 6, 2024 · From the Germanic name Hrodebert meaning "bright fame", derived from the elements hruod "fame" and beraht "bright". The Normans introduced this name to Britain, …
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5 days ago · Robert is an old German name that means “bright fame.” It’s taken from the old German name Hrodebert. The name is made up of two elements: hrod which means "fame" …
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Robert - Name Meaning and Origin
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